Evening Star Newspaper, June 26, 1929, Page 8

{THE EVENING STAR o Wb Dunfie) Mmuiig S WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY.....June 26, 1020 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. end Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 4 5 Ghicaro Ofice: Lake Michisan Bulldiris. European Office; 14 Regent St., London, Pean Ot pngiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star. 45¢ pes r month in 2 Collection made of - Orders may be sent in by mail National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland n,ml Vli‘rnfl#h{ e TR : 1 mo., 85 Bally SafvSundarod 71 Ti600: 1 mo. o Sunday only . 151, $400i 1 mol 40c All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday..1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo., $1.00 Daily only . .......1 ¥r., $8.00; 1 mo, isc Sunday only .. yr., $5.00; 1 mo., _5c. each m or telephope ‘Member of the Associated Press. The Assoclated Press is exclusively ertitled | o the use for republication of ell 1 ews dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- | fied In this paper and alsq the jocal news | _ published herein. All rights of publication of special herein a d. = Budget Practice and the District. ‘There is no use crossing the bridge of what the Budget Bureau will do to the District budget before that bridge 15 reached, which will be some time in August. But the shadow of coming | events has already been cast by the bureau's intimation that the total of n che onth, | uralized citizens might in the day of | should be called upon to do so. This | was. the decision of the court, although | in event of war. both beacuse of her sex i 1t possible to make & rule for one man and another rule for the great majority? Under the Constitution, Congress is given the authority and the right to declare war. If Congress takes such a step, citizens are called upon to support it under the Constitution. citizens'of the Nation to arms in such a war., During the World War, it drafted the men of the Nation for war service by special act. In the event of another war, it is likely to do the same. A large body of citizens whe declined to be drafted and gave as their reason the excuse that they had not promised to take up arms when they became nat- cmergency become a menace. The case of Prof. MacIntosh, it is said, will be appealed. In the end, if it comes to the Supreme Court, there can be but one decision. That court only a few weeks ago handed down a decision in the case of Rosika Schwimmer, denying her citizenship because she had declined to take up arms in time of war, if she the case involved a woman, more than fitty years of age. It is inconceivable that she would ever be called upon to enter the military forces of this country and her age. Still the court decided | against her. Only full allegiance, given THE EVENING from that policy ‘at Washirigton over ‘Secretary Stimson few weeks ago informed Matthew Woll, vice president of the American Feder- ation of Labor, that no alteration in the Conditions, of course, change. No orie can prophesy that our official boycott of Russia—there is no embargo on trade | relations—will never be raised. Moscow knows the irreducible price of remov- ing it. The Soviet must renounce, and by its works prove the worth of its words, all forms of red propaganda on our soil. It must recognize the sanctity of private property, as it has long been held inviolate under international law. 1t must provide compensation for con- fiscated American property. It must acknowledge the validity of the Russian government’s debts to the American Treasury and people. ‘When these conditions are met, the U. 8. 8. R. may look to the realization of its ambition to be recognized by the U. 8. A. And no sooner. ——mt Cause and Cure of Gambling. The story of the Chicago attorney who paid a professional $10,000 and spent months of honest toil on the links to bring his score under eighty and thereby win a five-dollar bet is an without mental reservation, can or should win American citizenship. —— Criminal Procedure. Crime in the United States, it has exceedingly eloquent commentary on the cause and cure of gambling. ‘The attorney in the case would prob- ably disdain a five-dollar fee for legal work that required a maximum of five minutes’ effort. A five-dollar fee would 1931 estimates will be held to the total | e said facetiously, has & “perma- | probably be construed as insulting and of 1930 appropriations, thus indicating & repetition of conditions that caused no little debate last year. Representa- tive Simmons, the chairman of the subcommittee on District appropria- tions, tried to get at the root of the ! difficulty when he made this statement to Commissioner Taliaferro during the hearings on the 1930 appropriation bill: “I am trying to place the responsibility for the bill coming to us for the third successive year providing for an ex-| penditure of less than the amount of the revenues of the District and to Justify expending, as this bill provides for, over $2,000,000 less than the bill would rightly carry. Certainly, it is not the fault of Congress.” And while responsibility for annually submitting to Congress a District bill that builds a surplus instead of cover- ing needs was never definitely fixed to everybody’s satisfaction, that responsi- bility was left divided between the Commissioners and the Budget Bureau. The story of the 1930 estimates ex- nent wave.” Until the millennium ar- rives there will be crime in any na- tion. But crime and lawlessness are not assets. They are distinct liabilitles, and very properly the Hoover admin- istration is seeking measures to reduce crime and lawlessness in America. There are those who say pessimis- tically there is no hope for the United States: that things are going from bad to worse, particularly in view of the continued violations of the prohibition laws. Indeed, they seek to blame en- tirely the prohibition laws for crime and lawlessness in this country. As a matter of fact, however, both were far too rampant long before the dry laws were written on the books. One reason given for the increase in crime in this country has been the facility with which criminals are able to escape the penalties imposed by law for law- breaking. Willlam Howard Taft, now Chiet Justice of the United States, at a Yale Law School commencement al- most twenty-five years ago and many plains the situation. Those estimates, reaching the Commissioners from *the departmental heads, totaled, in round numbers, $50,000,000. The Commission- ers reduced these estimates to $42,000,- ©000. The Budget Bureau then netified the Commissioners that their estimates should not exceed, in round numbers, $40,000,000. But the Commissioners ‘were informed that they could submit a list of supplementary items, not to be intluded in the allowable total, but which the Commissioners considered should be approved. So the Commis- sioners submitted regular and supple- $40,000,000 and sent them to Congress. During the hearings Mr. Simmons contended that the Commissioners, aft- er having their first list of supplemen- still another list. The Commissioners’ point of view was that such a step seemed futile, inasmuch as the Budget Bureau had already declined to en- tertain an additional list of estimates. Moreover, the Commissioners are re- stricted by a budget practice that in effect forbids requesting appropriations over and above the amount set by the Budget Bureau. ‘This practice now largely accounts for the surplus of District revenues ly- fog idle in the Treasury. The Com- missioners survey the field and decide what can be covered by a fair tax rate and the Federal contribution. The ‘Budget Buregu cuts down the total that én be asked, thus leaving available money unspent. "There should be a corresponding re- duction in’ the tax burden, or else the Commissioners should be able to send, through the Budget Bureau, their Tecommmendations of how available Tevenue can best be spent. Investigators agree that King Tut would have had more fun if he had employed a live press agent on the spot instead of waiting for the high-power publicity of posterity. Kiddies play in the fountains. They solve the problem of what value is a fountain with nothing to do with itself? ————————— Without Qualification. Qualified allegiance to the Govern-. ment of the United States, no matter in what direction the qualification may be made, cannot beget full American citizenship. This has been the decision of the courts in the past, and, judging from the recent action of the highest tribunal in the land, it is a decision that is not likely to be changed. From New Haven now comes a report that citizenship has been denied Prof. Doug- las C. MacIntosh of Yale University, because he sald he would not feel obliged to fight if Congress should de- clare war. He said, however, that he would be willing to take up arms for the country if it were engaged in a war which he considered morally justified. Prof. ‘MacIntosh is a Canadian by birth. He joined the faculty of the Yale Divinity School in 1909. During the ‘World War he served as a chaplain ‘with the Canadian forces in France and later was connected with the Y. M. C. A, ‘with the American forces. He has seen ‘war and performed service, There is every reason to belleve he is well quali- fied for American citizenship; that he is a desirable citizen, and probably far above the average of those who apply for citizenship and obtain it. But in the eyes of the court, in which he ap- plied for citizenship, he has qualified his promise of allegiance by seeking to impose a condition under which he would take up arms in defense of the Government and the Constitution. He himself is to be the judge of whether he shall fight for the country of his adoption, and if he decides that the ‘war is not morally justified, he is to be Iree to refuse to bear arms. In the case of Prof. MacIntosh, there might be no danger to the country from years before national prohibition was foremost in the public eye, said: “I gricve for my country to say that the administration of the criminal law in all the States (there may be one or two exceptions) is a disgrace to our civilization * * * the trial of a criminal seems like a game of chance with all the chances in favor of the criminal; if he wins he seems to have the sympathy of the sporting public.” England very frequently is pointed to as a law-abiding country, an example which America should strive to emulate. But it is only within modern times that England has had such a reputation for vmptauun(vn.hmmd,onmt account, 8 much smaller criminal class. Many of the faults of the system of criminal justice in the United States are traceable to the legal institutions Britain in colonial last quarter of the eighteenth cenl the crime tion British signing rate was high. To meet the situal drastic laws were passed by the Parliament. At the time of the of the Declaration of Independence there were one hundred and sixty-four capital felonies written into the Eng- lish law. Criminals were executed by the cartloads. The effect of these facts was to bring about a conspiracy of English judges and juries to protect and save men, women and children from the penalties prescribed for their offenses. ‘The growth of technicalities in the lower courts was tremendous—technicalities intended not only to protect the inno- cent but also to relieve the guilty from paying penalties considered unjust and barbarous. ‘These technicalities the United States inherited from England. In later days the development of court procedure in England has been very different from that in the United States. ‘In England many of the tech- nicalities which grew up for the reasons already given have been cast aside, fol- lowing a drastic revision of the laws which did away with cruel and bar- barous penalties. In the United States, despite the fact that barbarous penalties have not been provided for by law, technicalities have been on the increase. The procedure in the American court of laws due to such technicalities has become in many in- stances a farce, enabling criminals who should pay the penalty to escape. These technicalities tie the hands of justice and the judges. They place weapons of defense in the hands of lawyers and criminals. x If the Hoover Crime Commission can devise a system of judicial procedure for this country, stripping technicalities from the present procedure, it will have accomplished a great deal toward re- ducing lawlessness in this country. The penalties imposed by law are designed to pregent violations of the law, and where they are imposed they do reduce lawlessness in large measure. Where they are not imposed the law is flouted. ——————————— Some of the “beauty contestants” look all right in June—with a prospect of withering away in chill November. e U.S. A and U. S. 8. R. Premier Ramsay MacDonald has no- tified the British dominion governments that Great Britain intends to resume | diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia in the near future. That was a prospect which became fairly certain as soon as Labor’s victory in the recent British elections dawned. It was the preceding Labor govern- ment which recognized Moscow in 1924 —a relationship rudely shattered three years“later when the Baldwin cabinet raided Arcos House in London and ob- tained incriminating evidence of Com- munistic intrigues in the British Isles. worthy only of disdain. Yet he was willing to pay $10,000 and to work hard for months to win a five-dollar gambling bet. And why? Because he received in addition to the five dollars the emotion- al stimulant that went with it. Remove that stimulant, or “kick,” or whatever one chooses to call it, and the gambling cure will be effected. As long as it remains, gambling will re- main, Of course, the Chicago case may not be such a fine example, after all, for it involved golf. Any golfer will ad- mit that $10,000 invested in bringing his score under eighty and keeping it there is a sound investment paying high dividends, even without the five- dollar bet. —_————— A few more mergers will leave highly business with an intricate mechanism which, while leaving the worker in comparative ease, will puzzle the boss. —————— ‘Wheat is threatened by the weather. The prospective price of speculative wheat goes up in anticipation of short- age. As has been said before, “what is one man’s meat is another’s poison.” B I —— Instead of helping to dispose of traf- fic problems, the airplane, with un- limited sky available, must come to earth and increase the requirements for parking space. ————— The college professor who advocated “snobbishness” may eventually render himself eligible to some of the exclu- sive “richboy” fraternities. In arranging a practical scheme of international finance, & J. P. Morgan plan may yet take precedence over all other plans. It would be only common generosity to arrange some scheme by which Trof can take a genuine rest and go fishing. ————— Advice not to gamble is freely given. But there is no use of offering it to a man who has enjoyed a little winning —————————— Comdr. Byrd cannot fully reciprocate. He listens to the latest over the radio. But there is no Antarctic jazs. ————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Pictorial Greatness. He was a youth who lived content And tried to cut no caper, Until the camera man had sent His picture to the paper! His was an accidental fame. Athletics brought him some acclaim; Now everybody knows his name— His picture’s in the paper. ‘The public, schooled to gentleness, Displays no spleen or vapor. And greets with Flattery’s caress ‘The picture in the paper. ‘The statesman to forgotten lore Is left. The athlete’s glory is no more. Unless he gets, just as of yore, His picture in the paper! Passing of Phwer. “What did the political boss say to you?” “I don’t remember,” answered Sena- tor Sorghum. “The fact that he wanted a conference instead of merely issuing instructions makes me doubt whether he is still sure that he is boss.” Jud Tunkins says his income tax is just big enough to make him wonder what became of the income. ““Licker,” said Uncle Bill Bottletop, { “is gettin’ wuss and wuss. A man who used to be ‘half shot’ now turns out to be entirely assassinated.” A Publicity Achievement. The proverbs of King Solomon ‘Were very wise, indeed. 3 His life was never rough. He gave wise thoughts to every one And never felt a need To “Syndicate his stuff.” Planning and Parking. “What's your idea of planning and parking?” i “I can’t find & place to locate my fiiyver,” sald Mr. Chuggins. “It seems to me to be all planning and no park- ing” “The world goes on hoping,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “that some man with hundreds of distin- guished ancestors will prove himself worthy of them.” Arcos House was ostensibly the trade headquarters of the Soviet. When it was proved to be the official center of sul ve bolshevist propagands, Rus- sia asked to get out of the British Isles, bag and baggage, and did so. The United States was not inspired Onward and Upward. ‘The aviator is so proud, He seeks a lofty form of mirth; He'd rather hit a thunder cloud Instead of coming back to earth, “In studyin’ a great man,” sald Uncle granting him the rights of citizenship, { by the first MacDonald government's' Eben, “you is liable to find it too easy even with the qualification’ a.taches to his alleglance. he coquettings with the Soviet to emulate to imitate his little we 15 those tactics, and there 15 reason to of his big strength.” algnesses instead STAR, WASHINGTON, furthermore has the power to call the | United States’ attitude is contemplated.| To the paren did not “pass’ showdowns, we would offer, with due hesitation, the following advice You should worry! And that ancient bit of means, of course, that one should not W at all. orry 3 Neither should small Johnny worry. Least of all should John worry. Ten years from now this so-called Sheuaty ot oo shyniset anmoumt of o s| amount of brow-creasing worry will be strikingly manifest. Yet somehow we know that Johnny's father looked very severe when the report card was brought home, and maybe the young man's mother wept in secret, in the way that mothers have of doing. Both, however, were mistaken. After all, Johnny's failing to make the next grade was not so much a fail- ure to “pass” anything as an indict- ment of orthodox education. Out of the thousands of boys who are forcibly crammed into the Ameri- can educational system every year there are bound to be a certain number of free thinkers. We use the term not in its usual meaning, but solely to indicate the {mind which insists on being unfettered. The unfettered mind is, next to love, the greatest thing in the world. From it have come all the inventions, the poems, the stories, the pictures, the products which tend to make life liv- able and worth while. Now this same unfettered mind must begin at some age, but it is not sus- pected generally that it often begins in the first xndetof‘pubnc school. * % ‘We are not ing here of the lazy boy who slmp}y won't study his les- sons, or of the backward child, but of the boy who somehow does not fit into the educational system “as is.” We suspect that more youngsters meet this latter description than ever are given credit for it. ‘What is there in mankind which pre- vents a child from resenting orthodoxy, as well as an adult? Nothing, and as proof we present Johnny. Young John has as good a mind as any boy. He has more imagination than most, too, & faculty which will stand him in good stead later in life when he attempts to write a novel, or build & better gasoline engine. His untrammeled mind, however, sees through the bunk of a formulated edu- cative system for each and every child, a prearranged form into which every young mind must fit itself on pain of not being passed. ]“P;eerhlps yn'u (hi.nfi this is rather a way of speaking about a very small boy, but we are convinced that time will prove us right in the case of Johnny and thousands of others, as Etme has proved the absurdity of ‘marks” and “grades” before. Why, we recall two instances of the biggest “dummies” we ever knew. We :fl c:;l :e:m anl;alnd gunu. Frank TRrown boy who always sat at the tail of the class. When g: got up to recite, the bright ones in the front seats tittered. Teacher was divided be- tween a desire to titter, too, and the deep necessity which the educational system foists onto_teachers of frowning. Yet this same Frank grew up to be D. ¢, WEDNESDA one of the brightest young men in ‘Washington newspaper circles. During the World War he held a m 1 American style nations, “As for James, in his young days he was the dumbest of the dumb. We can recall the infinite delight with which we once punched James in the nose, amid the plaudits of our mates. All James was good for was to be punched around by his playmates and his teach- ers. Yet once he got out of the educational system, he turned to with a will, in profession which met his tastes, distin- guished himself all along the line, and became one of America's foremost sur- geons in the A. E. P. | L What was the matter with these boys when in the grades and high school? There was nothing at all the matter with them, the trouble lay, as it still does, with the system ftself. * A memory is all that a child needs in the American educational sys- tem. The class leaders are boys and girls with good memories. A certain amount of glib recitation and equally glib putting of facts on pa- per in examinations will permit any boy or girl to be regarded as “bright” b{ both teacher and parents, when the plain truth is that such youngsters real- ly excel in the powers of memory. Nor must it be forgotten that some children resent, with all the power of the human spirit, the autocracy which places the teacher ‘n complete charge of other human beings. They sense, in an almost instinctive way, the injustice of being branded as “impudent” when mlll fellow did was sp: up for one's sel To us the little Johnnies who “fail to pass” are enheartening, inspiring, for they show better than any words can that the old fire of the human spirit is | elec! intac t. “You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink.” Such was the old aphorism quoted by a pupil to & teacher, who replied with one equally pithy, “Yes, but if a bird won't sing, make him sing.” It is the compulsion of the whole educative process that riles many a young mind. Instead of frowning at such a rebel, paren d teachers ought to be glad for him, because he shows them the way of escape from boredom, from cramping systems of thought, from compulsion. Our idea is that there should be no marks, no grades, no passin back, in the American educational system, but that knowl should be made available to the mi of i proportion to their ability to absorb it. e tyranny of rs, and of marks, and of being passed or ot be- ing passed, would give way to a free system in which false pride and undue fear equally would be %snuhed. There is too much of this business of sitting in judgment on our fellows in this country, and it unhappily has its beginnings in the American educational system. No teacher, no system, no “nothing” will be able to convince us that Johnn; has been derelict in failure to “pass” something which has failed, in its turn, to make him think enough of it to ‘want to pass it. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. It comes pretty straight from head- quarters that Sir Esme Howard's now famous confab with Senator Borah was concerned with prohibition. If so, it wouldn’t be surprising, for the booze issue, day by day, is coming to be not only the paramount national, but an engrossing internatiol issue. Wha nal, . it Washington diplomatic. corps. snoula want to talk it over with the chairman of the Senate foreign relations com- mittee? With the I'm Alone affair still shooting affray in yet cleared up; v;mx the“Bmmhnnem- bassy renoun urther liquor impor~ tations, while continuing to serve we dinners; with “Charley” Dawes rocking the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral by threatening to dry up the American embassy in London—what conceivable Anglo-American issues stack up in cur- rent importance with all these? It's easy to accept Sir Esme Howard's as- surance that he and Senator Borah did not waste their time on the freedom of the seas, “either directly or indirectly,” when they had their heads together in the Senate office building. * K ok One guess was that the British Am- bassador went to Borah to urge him to visit Great Britain this year. John Bull has long wanted a close-up of the Ida- hoan, despite the éflct :hl:l"':et.h doisrr‘n; rank as particularly par e ish or their international policies. Borah has spasmodic fits of desire to 80 abroad. He has never been farther off American soil in his life than the front porch of the late Senator Henry Cabot Lodge’s cliffside house at Nahant, on the rock-bound coast of Massachu- setts. There was a suggestion that Borah might go to Germany in August, to address the International Adver- tising Congress, but the Senate's plans for a Midsummer e such a !.'uroge at Go the Old World for a couple of months as an official observer of men and mat- ters “over.there.” But Big Bill” could not be pin\udgd ;‘o ;nl:c the trip. stm::x’re]ol’eu over re- liglous peace exico for a reason which hasn’t been publicly discussed. The accord with the Vatican will au- tomatically put an end to the more or less incessant number of cases which have cropped up since 1926, involving the rights of Americans in Mexico. Many members of the Roman Catholic Church establishment there, including both priests and nuns, are citizens of the United States. As such, they en- joy the privilege of their Government’s protection. The Mexican division of the State Department has had three pretty busy years making representa- tions on their behalf. Along with their co-religionists of both Mexican and other nationalities, American Catholics henceforward are destined to live in peace beyond the Rio Grande, with correspondingly less cause for the Wlsl:mwn authorities to go to bat for them. * ok kK It will be another two weeks—July 10—before the country at large will be able to lay hands on any of Uncle Sam's cute new currency. Members of Congress are luckier. Not long ago, through the munificence of a certain Senator, each of his colleagues was pre- sented with an advance copy of the attenuated $1 bill. In order that the ‘House of Representatives should not be overlooked, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Bond, who has bossed the g:f‘nflc job of turning out the new Is, sent 435 specimens of the $1 is- sue up to Sergt.-at-Arms “Joe” Rod- gers, with authority to let membcrs ex- cha them for old bills, The only samj of the reduced size paper money so far put in “circulation” are the complete collection deposited by Secretary Mellon in corner stone of the new Department of Commerce Building. * Rk K Max Hansmann, a reader of these observations as far away as Keene Val- ley, N. Y., writes: “Your amusing Dewey story in The Evening Star of June 19 mentions the year of the admiral's nearly fatal ill- ness in the Mediterranean as 1887. ‘The actual year was 1883. At the great International Fisheries Exhibition in tacting’ ¢ | mothers and widows of World War o | istration,” London in 1883, there was an exhibit of the United States Lighthouse Board, whuhh:r“m mfinll«lllefl and 'e,l ‘under my cl 5 been tor mnm later naval secr Lighthouse Boar ly London exhibit, and, though still quite weak, stopped to see it on his way to the United States. He told me of his iliness and inquired about all the folk he knew in the Lighthouse Board’s office If he had & ‘hole in his liver' in the Mediterranean again in 1887, I do not know of it. It would have been a re- markable coincidence.” G * K K The War Department is e: enc- ing difficulty in ‘*con ol the soldiers and saflors buried in European cemeteries. Their addresses are desir- ed in connection with the pilgrimages to their graves, which Congress has authorized to be made at the expense of the United States. The War De- partment is administering 3 main trouble lies in the fact that there is no list extant of the women in n. In the Army’s cemeterial di- Vision, there is & list of “persons to notified” in case of a service man’s death, which information was led in 1917, but only a small proporti of the mothers and widows can be reached directly through these next-of-kin, be- cause of the many changes in 12 years. Women entitled to make the pilgrim. age are urged to communicate with the quartermaster general of the Army at Washington. There are some 30,000 graves overseas, but mothers and widows now privileged to visit them 'lzumber fewer than 10,000. Of this tal not one-f Bl e-tenth has been located * X x ¥ A wisecracker, who confesses he (or she) is upset by the De Priest.' House. tea tp-ny episode, writes ?r’xm:: gmc that the Hoover regime hence. rward be known as the “Feud admin- g * ok ok ok 0x Coll Fall I8 to lege, Galesburg, IIl, next receive apane i dents, who will o e‘nm :::h in the United Sfimdll'gh“: il’lt “Ban= ¢roft scholars.” They will be sent by int e Ml hed, Sk American pasead . and 1925. It was established Ambassador’s brother and :Isurbyum: means of promoting friendship between Nippon and the United States. Bancroft Was a native of Galesburg and a distin- ed graduate of Knox. For two Teasons, it has been decided by Japanese committee in charge of fund to send all students to small American colleges. It is desired, first, that they shall be the only Japanese in attendance, and, secondly, it is belleved they. will be more likely to imbibe “the. true American spirit” on small college campuses than in the big universities, (Copyright, 1929.) Voting for Wild Rose Shows Love of Beauty From the Memphis Commercisl Appeal. Americans balloting in a contest con- ducted by the American Nature Asso- clation have given a majority to the wild rose, probably the most ‘widely distributed of all American wild flowers and the best known, It has been an interesting contest, for it has demonstrated that people are aware of the beauties that nature has | W rovided for them. In the final coun ?he wild rose rolled up 220,000 votes t: 103,000 for the columbine, 54,000 for the violet and 35,000 for the goldenrod. The columbine, though beloved by many, is not nearly so well known as thy ‘and e” inapieation ot o ot e _inspiration of is appreciated by most, but it remains tucked away under the brush or grows hidden in the thickets or l"r nph" not the opportunity for popu- The goldenrod, one of the last of the Scason's blossoms, majestic though it is and pretty in name and coloring, exists under the blight of prejudice and disrespect. . If not be s ‘f, learn that many of the votes cast for the other flowers were votes of those who suffer from that undignified malady known as hay fever. ‘The wild rose is abundant, it is fra- grant, and it is charming in its texture and merits the accljim it has received, e the | By G. Gould Lincoln, The campaign for Senate seats— 33 of them—is a year off, but already the politicians are stirring. Of the 32 Senators who come up for re-elec- tion, 20 are Republicans and 13 are Democrats. The chances are there will be few shifts of y strength in the Senate from the elections next year, though there may be some change in the personhel. Three Republican Sen- ators from distinctly debatable States must stand for re-election. They are Senators Gillett of Mass., Metcalf of e Island and Sackett of Ken- tucky. Both Massachusetts and Rhode Island went Democratic in the national election last year. Massachusetts elected a Democratic Senator at the same time, and Rhode Island a Republican, Wals] and Hebert, respectively, Kentucky went strongly for Hoover and against Smith. By all accounts, the Blue Grass State should return Senator Sackett next year. But next year is an off year—no national election. At the last senatorial election in an off year, 1926, a Republican, former Senator Ernst, was defeated by Senator Barkley, a Democrat. * ok ko The Democrats who come up for re- election are all from the South and Southwest, except Steck of Iowa and Walsh of Montana. The Republicans arq almost sure to pick up the Jowa aera. for Senator Steck’s election was due to the split in the party in 1924, when Senator Brookhart followed the La Follette banner in the presidential race and the regular Republican or- ganization threw its influence to the Democratic candidate, Senator Steck, and against Brookhart. The vote was very close, only a few hundred sep- arating the candidates. Brookhart's election was certified to the Senate, but & contest followed and was decided in favor of Steck. Later Senator Brook- hart entered the Republican primary against the late Senator Cummins and won the nomination and subsequent tion. Three probable candidates for the Republican senatorial nomination in Towa next year are prominently men tioned today. They are Gov. Hammil, Representative Dickinson and Howard J. Clark, an attorney of Des Moines. It is possible that others will make a bid for the nomination, a nomination which is regarded as a sure stepping stone to the Senate. The election of a Democrat in Iowa in 1926 was &t best a fluke, for Towa is regarded as overwhelmingly Republican. Repre- sentative Campbell of the eleventh con- gressional district may be among those seeking the Republican nomination for the Senate. He voted against the tariff bill and for_the debenture plan in the House. He has been regular enough in the past. But in his support of de- benture he followed Senator Brook- hart’s lead, also in his attack upon the House tarift bill. He seems to have helped himself politically in his district by both these votes. * X K X Senator Walsh of Montana, of Tea- pot Dome fame, has won agaln and again in his State odds. He may repeat next year, although the Republicans are planning a Teal fight to take his seat if they can do so. Down South several Democratic Sen- ators who last year strongly supported the Democratic nominee for President, Alfred E. Smith, are coming up for re- election. There have been threats that the anti-Smith Democrats in their States would give them what's what when they came up for renomination. Among them are sannt;m Pat ngg:;n 1, Harris of Georgia, - ‘“’}g‘)’(u. Glass of Virginia and f Tennessee. The next six will disclose whether they are to have opposition within the ranks had | of their own 'g:rty because of their adherence to g are two Democra nat W] coming up for re-election who came out_strongly t Smith—Simmons of North Carol! and Heflin of Ala- bama. Senator is credited with hnm&‘m much to do with the faflure of ‘Tar Heel State to go for . Some of m Dlem:’crfl" h':r\g remained regular plenty of things to say about the veteran leader of the party last year. So far there has been no open announcement of any opposition to him for the Democratic nomination, however. It would be a bold Democrat who sought to wrest the from him. Nor has there so fa come forward any prominent Republi- can for the Simmons seat. Judge Meekins, Federal judge for the eastern district of the State, has been mentioned as a possible selection of the Republicans for this senatorial nomina- tion. Senator Heflin will bave tion for the Democratic nominat! son of the late Senator Bankhead ha ing announced his intention of entering gy negh gt The race for the Senate in Massachu- setts is likely to determine whether for the next few years the old Bay State is to be reckonied a Democratic or Re- publican State. The Republicans still - | hold the majority of thenl‘f:ula del lega- tion from the State. the Stats went for Smith and re-elected Senator David I. Walsh last November, Sena- tor Gillett so far has made no an- nouncement of his own plans. There has been talk in some quarters of nom- inating former President Coolidge on the Repul senatorial ticket. But Mr. Coolidge so far has given not the slightest indication he would consent to run for the Senate. Former Gov. Alvan T. Fuller, however, has indicated | an very clearly he is a receptive candidate and probably an active candidate for the nomination. Gov. Fuller will give any Democrat put up a great race and probably beat him. * ok kX Among the Democrats coming up for reselection to the Senate is Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas, Al Smith’s running mate in the last cam- paign. Senator Robinson has a power- ful hold on the Democracy of his State, which remained true to the Democratic ticket in the last election. He undoubt- edly will be renominated and re-elected, it is sald. He is the Democratic lead- er of the Senate, a post he bas held for a number of years—an extremely active leader. Indeed. there are thosc who maintain that “Senator Robinson runs the Senate these days. One member of the Senate, Senator |the Henry J. Allen of Kansas, is holding office through appointment by the gov- State. Senator Allen has 2en | pro signs he would be opposed for the Re- iblican nomination, . Senator Allen was formerly Governor of Kansas and has the advan! of al be! in the Senate.’ He is a forceful speaker and campaigner. * % kX The gossip about the probable selec- tion of the Republican mational com- mittee for chairman when Dr. Hubert ‘Work steps out of office next Fall is growing apace. ~Many names are brought into the discussion of Dr. Work's successor, ! ‘oodruff of CI personal friend of President Hoover. Mr, Woodruff was very active during the last campaign. ! ‘Tennessee, former of Commerce under Mr. Hoover, is an- other whose name has been going the rounds. If Mr. Huston is picked for the post, however, it is likely to be after a considerable ruction among the Re- publicans from Tennessee. there was wide speculation regarding his probable successor and the reasons his _relinquishing the job. ~Mr. Woodruff’s name was mentioned at the time as a likely selection for the chair- manship. The election, however, is to be made the national committee it- self and there may be several active candidates for the post. r. Woodruff i8 & successful banker and business man. He has made rapid strides since he obtained a law degree Claudius o Assistant Secretary | U ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Take advantage of this free service. It you are one of the thousands who have patronized the bureau, write us again. If you have never used the service, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question, and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. |so strongly to children’—C. C. A. Joseph Lee has said: “Sand secems to have been made for the human hand. It is so plastic and obedient to the will of e planne:. It furnishes excellent opportunities for drawing and molding, yet the child's love for the sand is undoubtedly older than any intellectual interest. Its ar- peal is to the emotions and nerve cells associated with a very distant racial | history, so far back that their intel- lectual content is lost and only their emotional content remains. The sand appeal may even hark back to the amphibious days of the sauriane, when the first progenitors of ms crawled out of e sea to bask on the beaches of a pristine world. How- ever that may be, or from whatever source, the love of the sand is there and nearly or quite universal among children.” Q. freight "trains?>—G. R. A. In 1928 the average speed was 12.9 miles. This is not the actual run- ning speed, but includes all stops made, for switching, for picking up and set- ting out cars, etc. Q. Please tell where some vegetables other than potatoes and cucumbers O ity 1 spoken of fn th 4 lery is spoken of e “Odyssey,” and is later mentioned by Pliny the Elder, which leads scientist: to believe it must have originated either in Greece or the Dardanelles. Lettuce also is native to Greece. Sesame, wal- nuts, peas, spinach, watermelon, were all known in China 200 B.C. Spinach was also brought back from New Zea- land by Cook after his famous voyage. Sweet,_potatoes were known in China 2700 B.C. Radishes were cultivated in Japan and China from the earliest historical records. Bananas, first thought to have originated in Asia, are now known to have had their origin in Central and South America. The first records of figs were found in an early drawing in the Pyramid of Gizeh, Egypt, 2300 B.C. From America prick- ly pear, maize and tobacco were first imj into !unrnnml Asia after the voyage of Magellan, 1520-21. Cab- bage was first known on the Isle of Lapland, Denmark, and on the Isle of Heligoland. Salsify was native of tia, Italy and Algeria. rusalem artichoke was discovered about the same time, 1616, in both Brazil and Canada. Garlic originated in Sicily. Q. What was the English Civil War called?—E. F. R. It was known as the War of the Roses. Q. What is the difference between the weight of one quart of water and one quart of ?—L. P. A. A quart of water wel 2.08 , while a quart of mi ‘weighs 2.15 pounds. Q. What causes anemia?—S. E. N. A. There are many different causes of anemia. Various forms of parasites Q. Why does playing in sand appeal | What is the average speed of |2 or bacteria may invade the blood and cause a destruction of the blood cor- puscles. This type of anemia is seen in malaria and in certain forms of blood poisoning. In other cases of anemia the - blood cells are destroyed by some poison circulating in the blood. ‘This type of anemia is seen in lead poisoning, in tuberculosis and in Bright's disease. Anemia js also pro- duced by constant loss of blood. Such loss of blood may be due to an ulcer or to blood-sucking parasites, such as hookworm. Q. Does the moon. have any effect uponxthe temperature of the earth? —E. A. The Naval Observatory says that the direct effect of the moon on the temperature of the earth is entirely in- appreciable. Q. Can cotton, watermelon and ba- nana and orange trees stand a frost? —E. A. L. A. Cotton can stand a very slight frost if only of a short duration. A certain subspecies of orange trees like- wise can stand a slight frost. but the banana and watermelon would be in- stantly killed by frost. Q. What is Phe seating capacity of Drury Lane Theater and of Covent Garden?—T. W. L. A. The seating capacity of the Lane Theater as remodeled in 1922 is ,300. There are three tiers above the ground level. The seating capacity of Covent Garden is 2,000, Tnere are four tiers of boxes. Q. Where is the largest flour mill in the world?—J. N. N. A. It is in Buffalo, N. Y.—the Wash- burn-Crosby plants with a capacity of 20,000 barrels a day. Q. How many ex-Presidents of France are living?—M. D. A. There are four—Poincare, Mille- rand, Loubet and Fallieres. Q. How old is the student exchange ‘del; :rmq'r}. universities of the world? A. One of the first records we have of this custom is dated 1343, which time a home was established at Bologna for the Spanish students attending uni- versity there. # was a common cus- tom during the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries for all of the larger countries to establish residences in Rome for their respective students. Q. Can anything be added to gaso- line to improve it?—H. G. A. Something can be added to line which will increase the Imlgn‘ stand high compression. ‘The chief in- ent added is tetra-eheyl lead, which the chief constituent of ethyl gas. The pure substance is not sold to the general public because it is very poi- sonous, and can be handled without danger only under certain conditions. Q. Were the pictures in “The Show Boat” actually taken on the “Cotton Blossom"?—E. W. A. When the “Cotton Blossom,” the original show boat, was being moved upstream, fire caught in the hold and the muddy water of the Pamlico sub- me: the veteran show boat. . The result was the actual construction of a in all its pristine glamour on the banks of the Sacramento River near Knights Landing, where many of the scenes of the’ picture were made. Boxes, loges, and much of the old piecrust Trfllwork were- bought from Mississippi boats that were about to be scrapped. Enactment of farm relief legislation is received with varying degrees of en- thusiasm by the press generally, but ‘The culture to the charmed dustries that we must not allow to be squeezed for the benefit of others,” says the Des Moines Tribune. L, Yhhh;“l:wgnn the conclusion: "'n:: the beginning of a process, the alm of which is to restore and maintain the industrial balance. ‘There has been no previous time when it was possible to do this.” “President Hoover and members of Congress are to be commended, at least,” the Champaign News-Gazétte believes, “for the speedy action in real- izing & campaign promise made a year mequnm mmhemnltt: mmw‘ It is ’:‘n an wi R - portant that a start has been made. The necessary machinery has been set up.” The Long Beach Preu-'rmm feels that the President has ““ lled the main promise of his camj and has justified his calling of the special session.” Hailing a triumph for the President “in the first serious test of administra- the Buffalo Evening t “it was a matter on which he should not havg encountered any opposition.” The coln State Journal sees “a long-time constructive program that, because it avolds quack remedies, promises permanent assist- ce. “The opinion entertained by most persons, perhaps even by some of those ture's troubles can be alleviaf by constitutional legislation.” The Utica Observer-Dispatch says: “We must look upon this effort as a great experiment, and not expect of it wondars and ac- complishments which are utterly im- possible of realization. There is, in fact, but one result which may be certain, and that & clearing of the air.” * ok ok ok Success depends upon the ability with which the new Farm Board and its funds are administered, in the opinion of numerous dailies, including tire Fimt Daily Journal, the Grand Rapids Prets, Davenport Democrat znd the Char- lotte News. The Oklahoma City Times advises that “a year or tws must be given to prove or disprove its merit, and its success or failure will depend largely or unwi css of make the most of its ns. “To be sure,” remarks the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “the public takes the plan largely on faith. e President himself has called it an experiment, but his vlt:‘: that ';’ mzt must be made toward relieving situation was :accepted as but common_sense.” The Sioux Falls Daily -Leader greets the measure with the statement, “We wish it well, and sincerely hope that it will be of as much benefit tulit l.'{:'ehe farmers as its sponsors expec “The most momentous effort to dif- fuse prosperity in America which k-s yet been made by our Government” is e Senate res for de- lay in the 1 ition through, Oakland Tribune eeded on the agriculture to visions.” egislaf e lauds the House, which has * upon the theory that the only way to secure farm relief was to follow the President's sugges- tions and campaign g;omlu- and to do possible.” it as rapidly as ! [T contributed to the final Rock i h parties “with an intelligent commission minister the law it ought to hel great deal, although it will not solve from Yale Unlnm? in 1903, and, al- though he is only years old, he is rated one of Chicago’s wealthy men. He is not one of the old guard politi~ cians, but has been active in political work during the last few years and was raf e of the &flnclml‘ \ Farm Relief Bill Is Viewed By Press With Varying Favor the whole problem.” certainty of probable results, hand, may exce expecta » pra Butat all made_tassolve burg Telegraph, the Sioux City Tribune and the Raleigh News and Observer. “We hope it is the universal pahacea so long sought,” says the Fort Worth Record-Tel T expectant of any perm: even though the first flutter is upward.” The Little Rock Arkansas Democrat contends that “so.far there hasn't ap- peared any seaworthy raft on the troubled waters of - agriculture.” The ‘history we still cherish the fond hope agriculture may get the . relief it so richly deserves.” As to redemption of pledges by the administration, the Portland (Oreg.) Journal holds that “a farm relief meas- ure that is not effective is worse than the principles involved: sure that the agricultural commission and its work and powers will be a bone of political contention. This tying of the individualistic farmers up under a national commission is certain to cur- tail their individualism, even as it cur- tails their old independence. They will e more c conscious, in their demands. . Hoover’s bill does nothing more for the farmers, it will give them a focus for their diseontents. It can hardly to lead to more and more serious clashes between a more unified agriculture and an already unified industrial interest. The farm relief bill closes the period of clashing individuals and brings in com- plete the day of shing classes.” Metropolitan District Development Praised From the Baltimore Sun. ‘The development of the metropelitan district adjacent to Washington in Montgomery and _Prince . Georges Counties is proceeding rapidly and promises within the next decade to make this section of the State one of unusual attractiveness. It is particularly gratifying to note the public spirit shown by various new communif in preparation for a future in which they have large confidence. Under guidance of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission foundations are being laid for suburban wth of much greater proportions in the people of Maryland generally appreciate. few cities of the country has the change in transportation methods' had more decided influence than in Wash- ington, inducing residents to seek homes outside congested sections. That city, to an unusual extent, is made up of people who are not attached to the soil, many of them being newcomers, and this, in a day of swift transportation, makes migration to pleasant out g sections a less for ble adyenture. ‘The city also draws to it people of Hoover ' year, - wealth who wish to make homes there for part of the year, at least, and who are steadily increasing the demand: for residences in the beautiful eounmtry, much of it hilly, that lies around Wash- rders the Potomac. ington and boi 5 As illustrating the care with which ing L week they were to minimize the billboard nuisance, bill~ board companies being warned that signs in Tresidential districts * would have to be eliminated and the highways in this section of the State cleared of them. In generally punnl:{, in fact, for orderly develop- ment of the area, so as to make it at- tractive {5 residents, Montgomery and And inteligeace. What Axs. most. B an elligence arg - ‘mendable, *oy il I -~