Evening Star Newspaper, March 7, 1929, Page 7

SPANISH PROGRESS DUE TO DIGTATOR | | | dissipated its youth and riches in the | | anarchy, possibly even to the end of E They were equally tired of governments which promised everything and suc- [ceeded only in making matters worse. | Spain, which had been an onlooker in | the World War and should gave grown accordingly in economic prosperity, was already as destitute as if it, too, had It was unreasona- great _catastrophe. ble; The path to | it was unthinkable. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, Dl €. THURSDNY, MARECH' 7, 1929, Spanish troops in Morocco has remain- ed at zero. Impressive Money Saving. The saving in money is equally im- pressive. fore, for Primo’s pride in his policy of peace in Morocco. ‘There is just excuse, there- | cult to find any one who questions his | | personal integrity or the value to the imines, a bad grape season and partial | ity is found in the gross earnings of | country of the rehabilitation which has | failure of cereal crops, which necessi-|the three chief Spanish railroad lines | tated importation of foodstuffs to such | which represent 95 per cent of all t! | an extent as to result in an unfavorable | railroads | been accomplished. | May Electrify Railroads. Turning to more recent figures, official reports at the end of 1928 indicate | Ithat the momentum of the last two! -3 = T T A T T up again to 9,500 men, but in a year |clared that there have been graft and | particularly in such items as alcohol, ' value securities is reported at 45 per | this had fallen down to 2,500, and from | favored contracts. But even amongsugar, customs, income late 1927 to the present the loss of | those opposed to the premier it is diffi- |On the other hand, there has been |estimated at 1698,000,000 pesetas. A and land taxes. overproduction in the Austrian coal trade balance. Important Present Program. The government’s present program cent above that in 1627, with the total | other indication of increasing prosper- | in Spain. Continuing a | steady improvement of the last five ! | years, these revenues of 1928 were 4.3 | per_cent higher than the previous ylar. Thus it is apparent that a reju- ! Dave Hornstein, Secretary General Offices, 1518 K St. N.W. Trade Aided and State Made‘lm;tm\:’:s“:x}\]y.s:cp}?e:‘(.:cdu;pse:hcu that | Primo de Rivera entered the scene, as Sounder During Five This, however, is only one of several venated Spain is now widely prepared | to take its place and its activity in a | | echabilitated Europe. It may be argued | as to how great a_proportion of credit | for this is due to Primo de Rivera, but Jaid tions which | years in particular has been continued: | calls for a revision of the tariff and ?fif"’én’l‘&?}’;fi;“hfi’“fi{l‘é‘i %o Spain's | that great progress has been made in | consolidation of the airlines. And ,wel’hra Shortly after De Rivera's as- | highway construction: that Spain’s tele- above these questions stands the neces- | the government of the then Premier cendancy unemployment was radically |phone system has becn jmproved so|sity of returning to a gold standard in | Alhucemas was striving futilely to hold vastly that today it is one of the most Spain as soon as possible. The last . ernment had been increasingly weak- | o | Years’ Regime. [ BY LELAND STOWE. Special Corresponcent of The Star. MADRID, February 26.—For five years and five months the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera has governed Spain —the second oldest dictatorship in E\l—‘ rope. The years have slipped by with only an occasional political flare-up to focus the world’s attention momentarily upon the geographically isolated Span- ish peninsula. Perhaps these two fac- tors—the brevity of Spain's uprising since De Rivera came to power and the | country's geographical aloofness-—have | contributed chiefly to the gencral lack | of careful scrutiny, politically and eco- | nomically, which Spain has enjoyed in | recent years. Yet to appreciate the sit- | uation in Spain it is necessary to re-| visualize the situation when the name | of Gen. Primo de Rivera first dominat- ed the headlines of the world's press. September, 1923, marked the com- plete breakdown of Spanish parlia- mentary government. Much as France slid to the thin edge of parllamenury‘ oblivion in July, 1926, and, thanks to| Raymond Poincare, escaped it, Spain avalanched to the same thin edge three | years earlier and, constitutionally, plunged into the abyss. She emerged without a parliament, without a con- stitution, but with a Moroccan-tanned general seated in the Ministerio del Ejercito. Governments Were Weak. For several years the Spanish gov- ened by party jealousies, by scandals | and inefficiency. ¢ One after another impotent govern- ments had held the reins, each only long enough to demonstrate the la- | mentable extent of their impotency. Min- istries were disorganized, public works were much neeeded, industry was para- lyzed and _unemployment growing. ‘Above these ills rose repeated evidence of graft and dishonesty in public of- fice, while year by year Spain's annual budget recorded another deficit in a long-uninterrupted line of government deficits. Meanwhile, in the Spring and Sum- mer of 1923, disorder degenerated into wholesale disregard for law and order. Municipal and provincial authorities Jost all control of the populace. hybrid sort of Communism spread among the unemployed masses, and what amounted to anarchy gripped first the smaller towns and then the large cities. Robbery, plunder and murder spread on every bhand. In Barcelona citizens will tell you today of the regime of uncurbed law- lessness which terrorized that city for months before the De Rivera dictator- ship was formed. Murders in the streets of the city averaged eight or nine daily. In a few weeks throughout Spain hundreds of persons were as- sassinated for no other reason than that a portion of the populace had gone mad, and there was no unified re- straining influence to stop the slaugh- ter. Men were shot down in daylight in the streets and their pockets plun- dered of a few score pesetas. ‘Wealthy' citizens, dared not go about their affairs without private armed protection. Spain, in & word, was ripe for one of two things—universal an- archy or rule by the army. Morocco Policy Had Failed. Associated with these grave ills of bad government and social chaos was the complete failure of Spain's policy in Morocco. long-drawn-out wars against the Moors in Spanish Morocco had been a series of defeats. Miliions | of pesetas and nds of men had been sacrificed without any tangible %ro(nu toward ending the senseless asco. Spanish people were sick of war which | had not governed. on. A bloodless revolt spread through- | out Spain; what might be called a na- | tional remonstrance against the mis- takes and follies of governments which Alfonso refused to support the cabi- net. Universally disliked ministers fled into exile. On September 15 martial | law was declared and the King called | upon De Rivera to form a government. | The military directorate then insti- tuted remained in force until Decem- ber, 1925, when a new cabinet, partly civilian, was appointed and De Rivera became premier. The character of a dictatorship, however, has always been maintained and laws in Spain are still legalized simply by decree. Preference of People. Thus it happened that the Spanish people were prepared to accept a uniquely concentrated form of govern- | men, preferring that to previous gov- | ernments without power and without direction. It is only fair to say that in these respects the coming of De Rivera’s dictatorship was not only op- portune, but virtually a godsend for the welfare of Spain. Now, after five and one-half years of uninterrupted power, what has De Rivera’s dictatorship accomplished? Is the restless stir against him, so dis- cernible today, an expression of con- demnation against Primo's record, or rather an expression of fear that ab- sence of parliamentary government in its generally accepted forms may never return? My belief is that the growing opposition to Primo is based upon this latter fear, rather than any widespread criticism of the dictator’s accomplish- ments. When, seated before Gen. de Rivera's paper-littered desk in his spacious office in the Ministerio del Ejercito here, I asked him what he considered the greatest accomplishment of his regime, Primo answered without hesitatio “The establishment of peace in Moroc- | co” There is scarcely a Spaniard of | any political complexion who will at- tempt to refute that statement. The premier took down a book, “The Historical Values of the Spanish Dicta- torship,” and turning to a chart pointed out to me the striking benefits of peace in Morocco. In 1921 and 1922 the loss of Spanish soldiers in Morocco had touched the high peak for longer than a decade of more than 13,000 men in a year. The final campaign against Abd- | rim in 1925 had brought this loss The lasting s having the best cle: dyeing more than offsets the slight difference in price. FOOTER'S, with a reputa- tion built by 57 years of faith- ful service, is ready to serve your Cleaning and Dyeing needs. Easter is but a short time away, but there is ample time —NOW—to give your articles attention. FOOTER’S Am 's Best Cleaners and Dyers Address 1332 G St. N.W. 1784 Col. Rd. N.W. Phone Main 2343 Col. 720 meant nothing and gained nothing. ]nipbrtant ENNA JETTICK - Health Shoe For they’re —and fit narrow or You’ll stride wi Hahn “Enna Jett “Wome One of Our Most comfortable —fashionable whether narrow, extra Listen in to “Enna Jettick” Melodies—WMAL Every Friday—6:45 P.M. Z Successes! i || | wonderfully any foot— very wide. What more could any woman ask in shoes at only th Pride in new icks” for Spring! 7th & K 3212 14th n’s Shop”—1207 F reduced, and it has continued to dwindle until today Spain is in the most active condition industrially in which it has been in many years. Primo put under way a great program of public works. Public buildings, buildings, bridges and waterways were constructed, the total costs running into millions of pesetas. During recent years more than 600.- 000,000 pesetas have been expended in | highway construction and Spain is now criss-crossed by remarkably fine roads, the total mileage of which has not yet finished growing. Another 600,000,000 pesetas have been devoted to expansion and development | of Spanish ports, while the railroads have been drastically overhauled or re- built, according to demands. It may be | said that Spain has been subjected to a much needed process of regenera- tion and modernization, and a large part of credit for this must be given to Primo | de Rivera. | Of course, all these projects were not new. Other governments before Primo had planned the same thing, but they | 1928 amounted to 3,523,000,000 pesetas, | which is double the previous year's issue, | with the provision that the church had not carried them out. There are | those in Spain who will say that offi- clals connected with the dictatorship have enriched themselves while these re- | forms were being fulfilled. It is de AN OCCASION OF PRIME IMPORTANCE--AT KAUFMANN'S efliclent on the Continent; that the in- | dustrial renaissance calls for still more roads and a great project for electrifi- cation of the railroads. |, An item of no slight importance is this: Two successive national budgets | e returned a slight margin—and | these are the only balanced budgets | | that Spain has had in a period of 20| | years. | E National finances were in such | |a chaotic state when Primo came to | | power that from 1923 to 1926 each bud- | | get still ended with a deficit running | | into millions of pesctas; at least two of problem of stabilization is perhaps_the most important and vexing which | Primo still faces and upon that—bar. ring a political uprising—his final suc- cess may largely depend. During re- {cent months credits have been estab- lished in New York and London and a committee appointed to study and ad- vise upon the advisability of placing the peseta upon a gold standard. It is still problematical. however, whether | conditions will permit such a ‘step dur- ing the present year. As a result of the latest threatened revolt the exchange was definitely the SND0 000 pesrta . e more I | vickim of political uncertainties, the i) bt | pescta falling again. But once the budget is now so complicated that the | gapger of the dictatorship's end was extent of ifs surplus may be debated, | Sanmeq Ihe Resete Yorsvared but in any ;n.‘e '}he n’alion‘a t‘xrmm-vs‘”,hk“c the exchange registered & appear sounder than in many years. ittt e vhi' e ey | downward trend throughout 1928, while figures above 3,000,000,000 pesetas. of 4,420,100,000 pesefas. The emis- 1928 Budget Shows Surplus. A | sions of securities for 1928 are esti- In fact, the government's revenues for | mated close to 2,000.000,000 pesetas, or 299,000,000 pesetas more than the|and money has been abundant. expenditures for 1927, while the 1928| Another feature of Spain’s financial budget recorded a surplus of 183,000,000 ' situation has been the high level of pesetas. Increases in revenue in Spain speculation during 1928. The during the last year have been general on the Madrid Bourse on par into | the number of banknotes in circulation | increased by 5 per cent, reaching a total | there are few who would contest that Spain’s political stability for half a dec- | | ade has been an important factor. To date the record of the dictator- ip is not a small one. It merely em- asizes that what has been done in- | | creases the responsibilities for what re-l mains to be done. Primo de Rivera is | faced with his greatest problems and | his greatest test. Critics agree that it |is in the near future that he must re- | veal either his real strength or his real | weakness. (Copyright, 1920.) CHURCH CHANGES NAME. Gift of $50,000 Made With Proviso | That Causes Friendly Suit. | CHARLESTON, S. C. (#).—Sophie ! | Frances Shepard bequeathed $50,000 to Christ Episcopal Church here | change its name to “St. Peter's Church.” A friendly lawsuit resulted in a ruling | that the “defendants are within their i rights in proceeding to change the name of the said church.” 3-Hour Sale—9 to 12 No C.0.D.’s or Phone Orders Silver-finished set of salt and pep- per holders and toothpick holder. Hand-painted decorations. I A remarkable combination offe I than does justice to the purpose and principle lof Thrift Friday. A matchless | for every thriity home-maker. YOU SAVE $81.15 ¥ Occasional Table $495 This attractive mahogany finish table is just the thing for that empty space. 18 Months to Pay “Thrift is Wise Spending” —to quote Theodore Roosevelt, Certainly this great truth was never better exemplified than in the money-saving opportunities of Kaufmann’s Thrift Friday, The values listed here tell their own story of quality and economy far more eloquently than we can hope to do. 18 Months to Pay 18 Months to Pay This $230.15 Living Room Group, as Sketched | Jacquard Velour 3-Piece Suite, Regulkt Prite voooee. oo Magazine Rack, Regular Price. End Table, Regular Price.... o, Davenport Table, Regular Price...... Bridge Lamp, Regular Price........... r that more opportunity 1= Brightens the home and the outlook. A break- fast sct of table and four chairs of smart design, finished in grey or green and ncatly decorated. Priced below its worth. $ I 8.75 1415. 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