Evening Star Newspaper, May 9, 1928, Page 8

2 P THE EBEVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY, MAY 9. 1928.° THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY.......May 9, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Nen!\-nalwr Company usiness Oflive: Tith €1 and Penns New York Offce: 110 East 4% Chicago Ofice: Tower Building Futopean Ofice: 14 Reent St London, Eugland. Rate hy Carrvier Within the City. The Fvening Sta <. 43¢ per month “iehen 4 50¢ yer monfh The Evening nen 8 S « per month per_cony | phone, States ¥y All Other ociated Press. 1o it or not otherwise ¢ and also the rishts of pul Atches nerein are also Practical Aviation. of adventure and meaning- | s m the air will be replaced by and businesslike develop- | of aviation, according to Harry F. | cgenhetm, president of the Daniel} suggenheim Fund for the Promotion of itics. who vesterday. at a lunch- eon in New York. received a gold medal guished service” in the pro- commercial peace. Mr. Gug- n's words in connection with the of aviation as he graphically pictured it are well worth repeating. He said The American aviator has flown to the North Pole. He has flown across | the Atlantic and half way across the | Pacific; he already has accomplished | achievements in altitude, speed and en- durance bevond the fantasies of our fondest dreams. There really is little left in the spectacular field to be de- sired. Building upon these exploits we have developed the airplane as an in- strument of public utility. The United leads in commercial andl Mr. Guggenheim speaks truly. In| fiights fraught with hazard, aviators have created marks that were thought impossible a few years ago. Many have t their lives in the pioneering work, ome one has always stepped in to better existing records. In the majority of cases. however, the holder of world titles has strained himself and his ma- chine to a tremendous degree to attain them. Human energy and machine construction have been put through tests of harrowing intensity. Some of thoss who have brought avia- tion to its present state of development entered the competition for scientific reasons, others for glory and still others for publicity and personal gain. The first two classes are composed of skilled men, who have, through their ac- complishments, awakened public confi- dence in the art of fiying and at the same time have been Instrumental in promoting heavier-than-air achieve- ments. The other class, the selfish publicity-mad type, have In many cases paid with their lives for their daring and done nothing for the great cause. The time has now been reached, as Mr. Guggenheim so aptly puts it, when about everything that can be done with the present-day airplane has been done. Improvements in engine and plane con- struction will inevitably follow as man Jearns more of the mysteries of the air, but a safe and sane program should be pursued by those charged with the development of aviation. The spec- tacifiar should be succeeded now by the conservative, and by this means avia- tion will go further than any one has yet visualized. ——————————— Aviators have directed so much at- tention to the clouds that it may be dificult, even for conventions, to bring pepular attention back to earth. ettt e A “favorite son” is now considered fortunate if he can maintain his status ®s & “dark horse.” ———— - | Retirement of Emergency Officers. Tomorrow the House of Representa- tives will consider the bill, aiready passed by the Senate and favorably re- ported from committee with recom- mendation of passage without amend- ment, which provides for extending the retirement privilege to officers of the volunteer forces of the United States who were engaged in the Great War. This Benate bill differs in one respect from a House bill previously reported favorably, snd its substitution for the | House measure 15 advocated by the com- mittee, in order to include certain dis- | sbied emergency officers of the Navy end Marine Corps who did not obtaln etirement under the act of June 4,| b | taling only $16,000. They range from 1920, All congiderations of equity demand that this measure be enacted into law, To do so would not in the least affect tne status and privileges of officers of the Regular forces, either now retired or eligible for retirement. 1t would add 10 the annual cost of retirement the sum of sbout $2,294,000. It would re- lieve distress In & number of cases, former emergency officers vno were dis- wisled in service and whose present com- pensation Goes not suffice 0 maintain them and their famiiies An argument has heen advanced that the retirement of these emergency offi- cers would be o discrimination against | the mank snd file of the forces, who served ms gallantly and who in many cases are us deserving. But sgainst this eon'ention stands the fact that since the beginning of \be American Govern- poent retirement has been the preroga- fve of the commissloned ranks rather than the enlisted. In the Greal War the emergency officers were from twelve U Tourteen yesrs older than their enlisted omrades, Many of them were mervied v entored the service bt for thelr higher pay ms officers, A grest many of them emndoned promising mnd euccessiil coreers I order 1 serve the wountry 4, war, snd upon their relum found their positions teken by othere carcers in business or \he professions put ehort, thelr opportunites 1or earn- g reduced, Originally opposed 10 this measure sJhe War Depariment bas now ¥ ed D‘w&m s oppaition. The Nevy , bk | It is true that there is just at present | {are contemplated and | serious detriment !nia has their | has been always favorable, and in 1920 an act was passed granting retivement to the disabled emergency officers of the Navy and Marine Corps. Now, with passage by the Senate and with favor- able report from House committee, the measure to extend the retirement to disabled Army emergency officers is ready for consideration in the House. Its friends hope for its passage with- out amendment, so that it may go to the President for signature at this pres- ent session. ‘The amount added to the annual ex- penditures of the Government is small compared with the needs of the men who will be relleved by its provisions. a fear lest the appropriations granted | by Congress this year are mounting, | and that heavy obligations entailing | large future drains upon the Treasury | in process of provision. But in this respect the Gov- | ernment cannot now afford to count costs to the denial of equity to these men, who served it faithfully, to their and disabllity, and who are entitled now to the grant of a privilege which has become established as a feature of the American system. —— o Carol of Rumania. While the movement of the peasants | of Transylvania toward Bucharest to demand a change of ministry was flat- tening out under government pressure, former Crown Prince Carol of Ruma- | been having an unpleasant experience In England. He went there | a short time ago with the lady of Iis| cholce, as guest of a Rumanian of dis- | tinction now Iiving in that country. | Simultaneously with his appearance in | Great Britain manifestos were issued relating to the pemsant revolt. The | British government acted promptly. | Notice was served upon Carol that his | presence in England was not desirable and he was asked to leave the country. According to the latest dispatches, he has protested that he was in no wise | accountable for the manifestos, but, finding no sign of a softening of heart on the part of the British authorities, he is disposed to accept his expulsion and to quit the inhospitable land, pos- sibly for BeJgium. From Brussels comes word that Carol will be permitted to enter and to remain in that country if | he does not engage in propaganda. ‘This unhappy young man is reaping the harvest of his own indiscretions | and follies. Had he behaved himself he would today have been the King of Rumania, succeeding his father. But he did not. He left his wife, eloped with another woman, and then left her and took under his protecting wing a third companion, who now declares her intention to stand by him through thick and thin, but expresses her willingness to leave him if by her sacrifice he can be restored to his “rightful position” in his native land. He seems to be a weak | character. In the troubles incident to | the death of the King and the bestowal | of the royal rank upon his own son, an infant, he blew hot and cold in his Paris retreat, made signs of active in- trigue and then yielded to the advice of sensible friends and quit his activi- ties. ‘This present turmoil in Rumania ap- pears to have been quelled. The march of the peasants of Transylvania was a pitiable flasco. Thelr leaders abandoned them when the government established an “escort” of cavalry and alrplanes, The promised ultimatum was not served upon the Bucharest ministry. A boy- cott of the government has been pro- posed, but there is no prospect that it will have any effect. Evidently the i high ideals as well as good common | regard them as cvil necessities, and as lican fight. The Ohio 'primaries, too, were expensive. All of those who were examined yes- terday by the Senate committee pledged themselves to keep it informed of any future expenditures. But this is not to be regerded as promising any very startling returns, inasmuch as the first group of witnesses are, with possibly one exception, not taken very seriously as contenders fn the two races. The | time is now growing short. The Re- publican convention will meet five weeks from today and the Democratic convention will assemble seven weeks hence. ‘The focus is narrowing in each | case, and while these last fow weeks may entall heavy expenditures in the | aggregate, they will probably be made | i behalf of only a fow of the present | aspirants, e | Letting George Do It. | Judge Edwin B. Parker. chairman of | the board of the United States Chamocr of Commerce, has called on American | business to clean its own house unloss | it wants the Government, in the unat- | tractive role of a long-nosed house- cleaner, to step in and take over the job. Judge Parker's plea is based on sense. If there are bad spots in busi- ness practice, it devolves upon some- body to cut them out. And if business is disposed to let George do it, Georse | must, despite the wails and the weeping over governmental tendency to meddie and to regulate. American bisiness, a whole, good. There are bad boys, of courss, and there always will be bad boys in business as well as i cvery other form | of endeavor. But the bad boys are in | the minority. The difficulty does not | arise from their mere presence. The trouble is due to the fact that busines: suffers them to exist s a part of the natural order of things; is disposed to as 18 long as they do not cross the borderline which separates unethical conduct and commission of a crime, is disposed to let well enough alone. But to charge business alone with this fault is unfalr discrimination. The fault is found in all the professions, and it explains much of what is wrong with the American institution of politics. Individuals who would not soil their own hands by shady tactics in business, in professional prac- tice or in political life, look on with what they misconstrue to be tolerance while others do the dirty work. of the hundreds of business leaders gathered here from all parts of the country for the sixteenth annual meet- ing of the chamber to the inevitable result of such tolerance on the part of ethical business men. It means gov- ernmental interference, regulation and hampering the freedom of initiative. Business does not want this. No one wants it. But it is the price of laziness, practiced in the name of tolerance. e . China has shown a tendency toward general disorder which has scarcely needed the assistance of “communism” in its promotlon. R Amerfca has wealth untold?* There are numerous expert theory salesmen willing to tell Uncle Sam what to do with his money. vt In order to enjoy a fairly comfortable state of mind, it is necessary for a pa- triotic citizen to refrain from believing | all ne reads in the political novels, ——— After trying polities, Prince Carol might find his chance as the auto- government is too strong to be over- turned by such a gestute, and Carol is well advised to stay out of the affair, for even if he were to undertake to stage a return to Bucharest, he would probably be stopped and he might find himself in a less agreeable situation than he now occupies, embarrassing though it may be in some respects. A homicide mystery attracts wide- spread attention to a community. Yet it brings no enduring prosperity. The publicity may make the reputation o!, an attorney, but it is of no assistance to the local business organizations. Excavations reveal magnificent decora- tions which might have been more useful had the ancient king known how to run s jewelry store or a furniture hop. PRESNESEEPESSHOR It must be admitted that Harry| Sinclair scores & point in securing a verdict without resorting to psycho- analysis. —————— e Small-Change Campaign Costs, The first haul of the seine cast by | the Benate special committee on cam- | palgn expenditures hardly paid for the | throw. Eight candidates for the pres- | jdential nominations of the two parties | personally testified, all of them together presenting 8 showing of payments to- Senator Borah, who has spent nothing, | up to Senator Curtis, who has spent $11,441.15. The real minimum of the Mst was that of Senator Norrls, in whose behalf 86 has been spent. He, however, accompanied this testimony with the following statement: "I have (nal been, have not wanted o be, and | have not tried to be a candidate.” He| | could have prevented the use of hix | neme in Nebraska and Wisconsin, but | | has decided 1o permin his friends 1o, { vote for him, The $6 expenditure was {in pryment for an advertisement in a Nebraska county newspaper which was printed in his interest, but which he| did not suthorize and of which he knew nothing until he received a hill for it Interest in this enterprise will be progressive, as the research includes who may without depreciation of the merits of the already quizzed | “possibilities” be rated as the real contenders in the fleld. When the Smith and Hoover accounts are lald hefore the committee, the figures will go !into & higher range. These two cam- | 4 bhad families, and because of theiy | PRIEDs heve heen wuged with assidulty | feuily obiigstions they could not have | Wbd have included the sorvices of large | | pumbers of workers o sl parts of the Leountry In sl ikelthood wll of the expenses have been legitimate, There | has been u grest dexl of printing and {there has been much traveling ahout on the part of menagers and workers Idvely compaigns have heen staged in arious (States, The primery contests | have been numerous and hotly contest- {#d, One is todsy ciimaxing in Indians, blographical hero of a movie scenario. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Tribute. What is there left to give To him who gives a life ‘To help us all to live And face anew the strifel Jewels surpassing rare And fabrics wondrous fine Move us to reverent care As we approach a shrine, From distant sunlit skies 1s warmed to life a bloom, Which, full sufficing, lles Upon a hero's tomb. In the Jazz Era. “Why don’t you give us some old- fashioned oratory?” “I'll guarantee to produce old-fash- loned oratory,” replied Benator Sor- ghum, “¥f you can show me an old- fashioned audience.” Solving & Question. The “hootleg gentleman” revolves With many a suave suggestion, And vows he is the one who solves ‘The prohibition question. Jud ‘Tunkins says there are two kinds of smart men-—-those who try to en- iighten folks and those who try to fool ‘em. “We have another new red-roofed gas filling station on our block.” “There’s no stopping this futuristic art tendency,” said Mr, Dibbles, “Nations would be happler,” sald Hi Ho, the suge of Chinatown, “If It were as easy Lo moke peace as it is to make war" Gifts, Old Bl Bhakespeare wins applause, The same as good friend Banta Claus Each weary brain makes free (o quote The things that old Bill Shakespeare wrote | | “Don’t. complain about yoh friends" sald Uncle Eben. "Ev'ry man gits de kind o' friends he deserves,” pR syl ot 3t Chinese Strategy. From the New York Eveniog Post | The Nationalists have captured | Bhanumg snd now the only question | 16 whether they will continue thelr vancg or starl fighting one another B . - Everyhody's Risk Th From e Deteoit News It 15 seid umpires do not mind vork Ing In Chicago, because they feel us sife ns wnybody | Easier Times, From (he Bt Louls Daily Glabe Demoneat, Herr Keyserling says Amer| yet become {hinkers, thoi #till causes them n great f which, S which hins uadoubtedly cost considera- Wie money on hoth sides in the Repub- however, will be leas now Vst he has salled for home, " THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEW ELL. Napoleon Bonaparte is supposed to have written 30.000 letters during his lifetime. ~ This mass of correspondence, it must be remembered, was in addition to fnnumerable military orders, speeches and bulletins. Yet 1t is presumable that the Em- peror of the ch might have written three times that many letters if he had not early put in effect a scheme which may be partly recommended to this day. Bourlenne, his sceretary, n the sixth chapter of his memoirs gives the fol- lowing interesting account “During the time when the prelimi- narfes of Leoben suspended reply immediately to all letters. “He took a fancy to do not exactly as' o Cardinal Dubois did when he threw int the fire the letters he had reccived, ing, “There, my correspondents are an- swered,’ but something of the same kind too much and lost in trifling and useless answers valuable time he told me to open only the letters which came by extraordinary couriers and to leave ail the rest for three weeks in the basket. “At the end of that time it was un- necessary to reply to four-fifths of these communications. Some were themselves answers, some were acknowledgments of letters received, others contained re- quests for favors already granted but | of which intelligence had not been re- celved. “Many were filled with complaints respecting provisions, pay or clothing and orders had been issued upon all these points before the letters were written forcements, money. promotion, ete. By not opening their letters Bonaparte was spared the unpleasing office of refusing. “When the general-in-chief compared the very small number of letters which it was necessary to answer with the Iarge number which time alone had an- swered he laughed heartily at his whim- fcal fdea. “Would not this mode of proceeding | be preferable o that of causing letters to be opened by any one who may be employed and replying to them by a eir- cular to which it is only necessary to attach a date?” * ‘Thus it will be seen that Gen. Bona- o oxg military | operations Napoleon was not anxious to | “To satlsfy himself that people wrote | Some generals demanded rein- | | Napoleon before swallowing the great man’s methods “line, hook and sinker.” If one acts like Napoleon, he must be | Napoleon. | _Short ‘of that—and coupled with | Bonaparte's willingness to take the con- sequences—he had better stick to the great modern rule of utmost civility in | | letter writing. One of the charms of letters, when you stop to think about it, is how terri bly polite most of us are in our lette! to and fro. | Somehow the very act of sitting down to write puts the average man on his| dignity. One becomes very formal, and | in the majority of cases when one does that, to that extent at least, he becomes | a better person | Too much of the nastiness in life | | arises because of the informality of hu-| man_beings. certain forms with cach other. but it is} a common thing to see human beings utterly without respect for the privacy of body, mind or soul of others. This is why the mob is the worst | form of humanity. In a mob all sense | of privacy is lost, with a resultant lack of dignity. ‘There is nothing formal | about a human herd called a mob. It is the most. informal thing in the world. The dircct antithesis of a mob is a solitary human being writing a letter. Not ‘only have numbers shrunk to a number, physically considered, but in- | formality has given place to formality, | unrestraint to dignity, crass boorishness | | to consideration. | | All this is true, even if the writer| meditates a fighting letter—a letter in which he intends to severely reprimand | enother. If he were personally face to face with the other, he might punch him in the jaw before three words had been exchanged ¥ * o K | See how nicely he conducts himself, | | however, now that he has pen in hand. | “My dear sir" he begins—oh, so ;mrmau_v. Face to face, he would say, “You sap, why did you do so and so Now nothing Jess than “My dear sir” | will do. The offender is far from dear, of course. -As a matter of fact, the | dictionary might be looked through for |a less appropriate word, in so far as actuality is concerned. The great point of the letter writing |art is ‘that more is- concerned than | actuality, at least a greater actuality Even the cattle observe & Judge Parker directed the attention | parte antedated Gen. Lord, director of | than Napoleon had in mind. Expedi- the budget, by more than a century in|ency is not everything, oh, spirit of his idea that letter writing in Govern- | Bonaparte! ment departments costs too much. ‘The conqueror wanted results. Cer- Napoleon evidently was the first “effi-| tain phases of human nature he either | ciency expert.” His efficiency, however, did not understand or did not care to| came about as the result of his im-|understand. Whatever may have been petuoeity. As a young man—he was| his greatnesses, he had his weaknesses, only 27 when he evolved the above scheme—he was too impatient to \\'fld!l The specimens of his letters left us through a stack of correspondence. | show that he wrote forcibly, to the He had the dictatorial nature which | point, but scarcely humanly in the finest made him say to himself, “Aw, shucks, | and best sense of the term. He left out | what's the good of going through all|of consideration the dignity of the | | too. these letters? If I let them alone, three-fourths of them will answer them- selves.” Any one who handles masses of cor- respondence week after week realizes that there is something to be said for the Napoleonic method. Such a system is, above all, & blow at routine Routine has its place, but it is ques- tionable whether its true place is in the epistolary art. Too often routine here spells “red tape,” an insufferable form of boredom, which hampers the indi- vidual as well as the group. PR The individual, however, will do well to make certain that he is another WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Sanguinary events in China are en- ging the vigllant attention of the %nlwd States, but there's no expectas tion that complications will aris> call- ing for any change in the attitude Uncle Sam has consistently matntained. We haye warships, marines and soldiers mn the trouble area for .h: srotection of American lives and property. 'To that task they will devote themselves exclusively. The actlon of Japan will be observed at Washington with lively interest, but without anxiety. When the Japanese decided some time ago to move troops into Shantung, Ambassa- dorg Matsudaira informed Secretary Kefbgg of his government's plans, It was represented that they were dis- patched purely for defense of endanger- ed Japanese lives. There is no beilef at Washington that Nippon contemplates another prolonged occupation of Shan- tung. Not only did she relinquish ull her claims there in the agreeni*nt with China, negotiated at the Washington Conference in 1922, but Japan on the same occasion also signed the Nine- Power Treaty which provides unquali- fiedly for Chinese territorial sovereignty. * ko x Col. Noble B. Judah, American Am- bassador to Cuba, is spending his first leave of absence from Havana iz this country. He conferred with the Pre-i- dent and the Secretary of State, and then proceeded to Chicago for a visit on home soll. Before returning to Cuba, Col. Judah will come back to Washington, Perhaps he will discuss Cuban-American relations with Seni- tor Borah's forelgn relations comm tee, The island republic has a real grievance with the United States in connection with Congress' faflure to re- new the parcel posts treaty between the two countries. Cubans are also bitterly aroused over what they consider un- warranted "interference” in their affairs by that inguisitorial body known as the United States Senate, Our stock at Havana was never so high as it was following the Pan-American Congre: But threatened Senate “Investigatl of thelr country are capable—the bans indicate—of undermining all the good will generated by President Cool- idge, Mr. Hughes et al. a few months ago, ok Another American diplomatic hen who has come home to roost at a psy- chological moment 15 William 8. Cul- bertson, minister to Rumania, who has arrived in WMhlnfmn on leave in the midst of the political crisis at Bucha- rest, He s, of course, able to throw first- hand light on the conditions which have brought about a show-down between the peasantry and the regenoy. The United Btates has no direct interest at stake In the ruction that has broken out in Rumanla. Secretary Mellon has a little item of $44.950,000 chalked up ngainst the baby King's government under the funding agreement signed in December, 1925, We would be concerned to thaf extent I through a peasant uprising or other volcanie causes the existing order should be upset and Rumania’s international arrangements dislocated, But there Is as yet no inkling of any contingeney 5o eatastrophic as that, Dr, Culbertson—Pennsylvanian by birth, Kansan by adoption and economist by profession-—hns_completed three diplo- matic years at Bucharest, He 1s highly esteemed by Rumanians. PR Washington in many a day has not listened to & more amazing tale than was unfolded before the Reed slush- fund commiftee yesterdny by Charles E. Fox, former district attorney of Phil- elphin, It was & graphic story of “eorrupl end contented” Pennsylvania polities My, Fox tesiified about the frauds which he prosecuted in six dif- ferent Philudelphin. wards, following the general election of 1026, They were com- mitted by voting officialy affillated vith the “organiation” of which the witness Identified Senntor-elect Willlam 8, ws (ho almighty head. Mr. Vare sat un- ruffled in the committee room while Mr. Fox reeled off his account of stuffed ballot-hoxes, fraudulent vegistrations, illegal vote-counts, forged tally-sheets dend men who voted, “voters” who wery hed-ridden In hospital on the days they were recorded as having been the polls, 10-year-ald girl ~ voters" and plher lrregularities commitled in the | individual. | He was himself a living contradiction, | the supreme individualist of perhaps | any age, yet one who at the same time had little regard for the individual. | Lacking this sense, how could he have |known anything about real courtesy, true dignity? | "In our letters, therefore, each one of us may excel in this one respect one of the greatest, if not the very greatest, | man that ever lived on this earth. | _To do so, however, we must be good | letter writers. with some knowledge at least of the inner necessities for com- | plete courtesy in every epistle, no mat- | ter what its trend. WILLIAM WILE. name of machine politics. Mr, Fox tes- tified that there had not been an hon- est election in Philadelphia during his quarter of a century in public life. * ok ok o% “Teamwork for prosperity” is the high | spot of this week's annual meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the United | States at Washington. The unemploy- ment situation naturally is coming in for a good deal of attention at the hands of the Nation's business leaders. They're | convinced it's a temporary phase. Er- nest T. Trigg, a Philadelphia manufac- turer and director of the national cham- ber, pointed out that about 30 per cent of existing unemployment is traceable to the introduction during the past 10 or 12 years of labor-saving devices of all sorts, “But who knows,” he asked, “what immeasurable new industrial de- velopment may not be just over the horizon?” Who could have imagined, 25 or 30 years ago, that industries like the automobile, motion picture, radio and alrcraft trades would today be among the foremost in the land? American in- genuity in the future, as in the s, will evolve ways and means for pumng its industrial talent to work.” L Representative Harold G. Hoffman, Republican, of New Jersey, one of th baby members of Congress—aged 32, and in his first term—says his busiest job all Winter and Spring was telling people about the Hall-Mills murder case. The cause celebre had its scene in Mr. Hoffman's district. He 15 one of the coming young men in Jersey poli- tics. Beginning life as a reporter, he degenerated into a banker after a bril- lant fighting record with the 29th Di- vision in the Meuse-Argonne region, ok ‘The narcotic division of the prohibi- tion service has a new worry, It's dis- covered that dope bootleggers are now using carrier pigeons for transport of drugs. A prosecution is under way in New York, Involving a narcotic ring which has put birds In the fllicit trade. | (Copyright, 1028} UNITED STATE: IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. Spirit of retallation flames In the American Army because of the German barbarity In bayoneting the American doughboys after they had killed them. Every man is imbued with a do-or-die spirit to defeat CGermany, and do it quickly, * * * American casualty list today contains 75 names. ,Ten {"l(‘fl ne captain a prisoner, * * ument agents il ing for and arresting dodgers throughout country. Secretary Baker announces that Goy- | ernment. has made arrangements with United Btates Steel Corporation to build, through Government, a monster ord- nance plant to turn out cannon of largest caliber and heavy projectiles in large quantities. * * ¢ A large Ger- * | De Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. Thirteen of the 17 States which hold presidential preferential primaries have completed their polls and it has been demonstrated that of all the candidates in both Republican and Democrati camps two stand out in popular favor They are Herbert Hoover of California on the Republican side and Alfred E. Smith of New York on the Democratic. The five States which remain to hold primaries are New Jersey, May 15 Oregon. May 18; South Dakota, May | 22; West Virginia, May 29, and Florida, June 5. West Virginia is the only one of these States that offers a real con- test, with Gov. Smith of New York opposed to Senator “Jim” Reed of Mis- souri and Herbert Hoover opposed to Senator Goff, favorite son candidate. Al Smith Is slated to get the prefercnce vote of both New Jersey and South Dakota and he is likely to win in Oregon nd West Virginia. Mr. Hoover has a hard fight in West Virginia against the favorite son, but in New Jersey and Oregon he is slated to clean up practi- cally without opposition. ~There is Hoover support in Florida, too. Frank O. Lowden of Iilinols will have the South Dakota preference on the Repub- lican side. Mr. Lowden has not entered the West Virginia primary. There it will be the field, behind a favorite son, in the effort to halt Mr. Hoover. i Of the primary States which have already concluded thelr presidential polls, Smith hes won in California, Ilii- nois. Massachusetts, Michigan. 'New Hampshire, North Dakota and Wiscon- sin. Hoover has won in California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, »w Hampshire and Ohio. Mr. Lowden has won in Iilinois and North Dakota In Pennsylvania, the most populous | Stats of ail those holding primarics, there were no entries in the presidential | preference primaries, but large numbers of voters wrote mn the names of both Al Smith and Herbert Hoover. Gov. Ritchie of Maryland is slated to have the entire delegation from his State as first choice, but the delegation is ex- pected to swing to Smith at the psy- chological moment. Indiana has given its preference vote on the Democratic side to Evans Woollen, a favorite son, and on the Republican side apparently to Senator “Jim" Watson, a favorite son candidate. Nebraska is lined up for Senator Norris, Republican progra sive, and for former Senator Hitchco both favorite sons. In the end, Hoover is likely to have six or seven of the Nebraska delegation, and most of the Democratic delegation is likely to swing to Smith. PR Indiana Democrats have watched the ' H. fight in the Republican ranks of their State with the keenest interest. Ap- parently the Republican organization, some of whose members have been im- plicated in the many scandals and prosecutions involving public men_in that State, is still in the saddle. The Democra! elicve they will be able to “clean up” in the November election with their candidates for governor and | for United States Senator. Indiana has gone Democratic in the past, though in recent years it has been found pretty consistently in the Republican column. Some of the Democratic leaders fear that_the nomination of Gov. Al Smith for President will injure their chances to carry the State. The State is strong- ly dry and has been in the past a stronghold of the Ku Klux Klan, though that organizatiod has been in bad odor for months there. The presidential electors and the State officers are all placed on_the same ballot in Indiana, which makes it difficult to “split” the ticket. Nevertheless, the Indiana Dem- ocrats are hopeful of putting their State ticket through this year. * kK K In a number of States the ecandi- dates for election to the House have been named by both parties. In Mary- land, for example, John Philip Hill, former member of the House, a wet Re- ublican and leader of the wet forces fn the House. has been renominated without opposition. Mr. Hill has been successful in a Baltimore district in the past and may come back this year. He ran for the nomination for the Sen- ate in a bitter factional fight in 1926, against former Senator Weller, and was defeated. The Weller faction had the small end of the stick in the primaries in Maryland on Monday. Another vet- eran of the House, David J. Lewis, Democrat, is seeking to stage a come- back, too. Mr. Lewis is to run against Representative Zihiman, Republican, at present chairman of the House district committee. Elmer H. Burkett, who was & Senator from Nebraska years ago, has been nominated for the House by the Republicans in the first distriet of that State, which is now represented by a Democrat, Representative J. H Morehead. * ok ok % A great many of the candidates for House and for the Senate have still to be named, the primaries and con- ventions which will select them coming at dates later than the Republican and Democratic national conventions. The House stands likely to have at least one additional woman member in the next Congress. Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick, widow of Senator Medill McCormick and daughter of the late Mark Hanna of Ohlo, has been nominated for Repre- sentative at large in Illinols, defeating Representative Yates. Mr. Yates was formerly governor of the State and is the son of a governor. Mrs. McCormick rode Into the nontnation on the wave of reform which swept politiczl old lines aside in the recent primaries in Illinols. ook ok ‘Two years ago the Republicans were on the defensive to a far greater ex- tent than the Democrats in the sena- tortal elections. Of the one-third of the Senate membership then up for election only a handful were Democr: and most of those in Southern States where a Democratic nominatfon is tan- tamount to election. But this year the boot is on the other Yeg. The Demo- Crats must re-elect some 20 sitting Sen- ators and the Republicans a dozen. There is one vacancy in the Senate from Illinois. Frank L. Smith, Repub- lHean, was denfed a seat in that body. resigned and sought renomination, but was defeated. Illinols is so strongly Republican that it is likely the Repub- liean nominee will win that State. ‘The case of Senator-elact Willlam 8. Vare of Pennsylvania, Republican, is stll to be declded. He, like Col. Smith of Tlinols, was denled the privilege of being seated when the Senate met last eccember, But his Democratic oppo- Willlam B. Wilson, former Ssere- tary of Labor, flled a contest agalost fum, charging fraud in the eleetion, and the ballots cast are now being counted, With practically no prospect of the case being decided at the present session of Congress. This will leave Pennsylvania With one Senator probably for the best part of another year Louis Ludlow, for many years Wash- man patrol attempted to rush the American positions on the Picardy front Inst night, but was driven off, ‘The roar of heavy artillery continues day and night in this sector, * * * British under Halg take offensive In area north of Kemmel and Germans lose the gains they made yesterday. ‘The Britlsh re- establish thelr lines completely in their old positions, Foe veslsts vigorously, but the dogged spirit of the British all through the night and into the morn- ing finally prevalls. * * * At Albert the Germans are nrrnulnf ahead despite heavy losses, occupying the Britlsh po- sitlons on a front of about 150 yards. . ‘- Not All Give From tha 8L Lauls Post Dispateh The Borah fund has proved that con= solence does not necessarily make givers of us all. —— No Barrier, : Prom the Haprishure ) s can keep & I on the back, Not_even the m man from patting him} ngton correspondent for Ohlo and other newspapers, apparently has won the Democratic nomination for the House In the seventh Indiana distriot, which is located In Indiana) . Representative Updike, & Republican, is ineums bent. Louls Ludlow was formerly pres- ident of the National Press Olub and s widely known to leaders in both parties He has a real fight on his hands to win the seventh district against a Ropub- lean opponent next November. LR ‘The retirement of Senator Thomas J Walsh of Montana frop the presiden- tal race after his defeat by Gov. Al Smith of New York i the California prima Wil be regretied by many Demacratie udmivers of the Montana Honator, He s an outstanding figure In the party toda; chief investigator of the oll scandals, as a legislator and as permanent chalrman of the stormy Demooratio natlonal convention in Mad. ison Square Carden four years Whot&;r other n:‘:\‘wummr: ld:lm“ on nomina W follow the Sonator b A withdraw, loaving the B to Sumit, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS This is a special department devoted to the handling of inquiries. You have at your disposal an extensive organiza- tion in Washington to serve you in any capacity that relates to information Write your question, your name and your address clearly, and_inclose a 2 cent stamp for reply. Send to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin director, Washing- ton, D. C. Q. Whose statues are to be unveiled in the Hall of Fame?—H. F. A. On May 10, 1928, busts of Louls 5 Rufus Choate, John Paul Jones, Finley Breese Morse and John Greenleaf Whittier are to be unveiled | at the colonnade of the Hall of Fame at University Helghts, New York City. Q. What is the coast-to-coast high- | way that passes through the beautiful | blue grass region of Kentucky?—L. M. A. United States highway Nos. 40, 50, 31, 11, 70, 67 and 80. The route | is: Atlantic’ City. Baitimore, Hagers- | town, Staunton, White Sulphur Springs, Charleston (W. Va.), Lexington (Ky.), Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, Little Rock; Dallas, Fort Worth, El Paso, Phoenx, San Diego and Los Angeles. Q. Is most food required by man, woman or child’>—C. 8. D. A. According to Prof. V. H. Mottram, an adult woman needs but 2,500 calo- ries a day. An adult man engaged in| sedentary occupation requires 3,000 ca ories daily. A man doing hard work should have 5,000 calories. The phy ological reason given is that the femi- | nine_organism utilizes food mor. eco- nomically than man. A child’s food | should not be proportioned according to his age, as he roquires more than half the food of an aduit. Boys and girls of 14 are to be considered as adults in food utilization. Q. 1s Ambrose Bierce still living?— C. J. C. R. *Whelh-r or not Ambrose Blerce is still living is a matter of conjecture, Many of his friends are confident that he died in Mexico. He entered that country in January, 1914, and was never heard from again. If still living, he would now be almost 86 years old. Q. Are the clams found in the rivers | of Wisconsin good to eat?—C. W. A. They are chiefly used for the com- mercial production "of pearl buttons These are large clams and are not edible. They are also used for com- mercial clam meal. Q. When was the groined vault with projecting ribs first used in Italy?— D. "A. S. Reinach says this style of vault was first used in Italy after the eighth century by the Lombard architects. How many foreign loans has the United States made?—E. C. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | cent gasoline by weight. will operate satisfactoril ter economy on mixture: much as 94 per cent a velop less power than with the richer mixture. The engine will not operate satisfactorily on a mixture containing more than 95 per cent air by weight. Q. TIs 1t better for a child to take a half-hour music lesson or an hour | lesson?—F. T. | ~A. The Etude says that the half-hour | lesson, or one only slightly longer, is | satisfactory for most puplle. | Q. whatis the franc A. By the stabilization of the franc is meant the establishment of French money on a gold basis. During the war France was forced to issue a great deal of paper currency when it did not sufficient gold reserve to back this cur- rency. Hence inflation resulted and | the value of the franc went down. The French government is now attempting to raise the value of the franc to a cer- | tain lev t the present time the paper franc is worth in gold almost one- fifth of the par value of the franc, which is 19.30 cents. The French gov ernment is trying to maintain the value | on this basis, hoping that in the future | the value of the franc may be as France becomes more prosp | Q. Are the stamped or penc A. An authc part is s.amped d. The engine meant by stabilization ot* & n were 20-cent plece coined from ¢ phrase “dogs or war” A. The expression “dogs of war” is probably based on the actual practice | of the ancients of using dogs in wa | fare. Both the Greeks and the Rom | used them for defensive and offensiv | purposes and for maintaining comr | nication on the field of battle. War | dogs are mentioned by Plutarch and Pliny, and Strabo describes how in Gaul dogs were armed with coats of mail. It is recorded that in 630 B.C. the Greeks of Ionia made use of dogs against . Cimmerians to aid Ardys, the son Gyges. These were probably wolf-liks creatures, which not only chased seized and tore their human p Q. In what States does a criminal have a choice of hanging or shootin; when he is to be executed’—M. 8. G. A. This choice is granted in Utah Q. Why does the sun shine on tk north side of bulldings in the Summe; time in the temperate zone when the sun never comes north of 23!, degrees latitude?—H. A. H. A. The latest record of foreign bonds| A. During the time that the sun’s {sold in the American market deals with | declination is north, which is from 400 ssues in more than 30 geographical | about March 21 to September 22, the | divisions, of which Germany leads with | sun rises at a point on the horizon 85 loans. | north of east and sets at a point north | of west, as seen from any point on the Q. Can you advise method of mirror and prism arrangement in the con- struction of a periscope’—E. G. K. A. A simple periscope consists of reflecting mirrors or prisms at opposite ends of a tube, with the reflecting sur- face parallel and at right angles of 45 degrees with the tube's axis. Q. If steam Is invisible, what is the white vapor we see coming from the exhaust of a steam engine?—C. C. K. A Steam Is water in a gaseous con- dition. It is invisible. The white cloud of vapor commonly called steam is vapor composed of minute particles of water suspended in the air and formed by the condensation of the true steam gas coming in contact with the cool air. used?—W. W. R. A. Daylight saving is observed in all or part of the cities of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. Q. What percentage of air does the average automobile consume with the gasoline?—D. F. H. A. The Bureau of Standards says/ that the average car when developing its maximum power uses & mixture of about 92! per cent air and T'» per| Q. Where is daylight saving beinlI earth's surface, aithough it always | crosses the meridian south of the zenith of places north of 2313 north latitude. For this period of six months, therefore, the sun at rising and setting will shine on the north side of build- ings set due east and west. Q. Will a 50-mile gale uproot trees nd damage houses’—R. C. A. Winds of 40 to 50 miles an hour should not damage well built houses nor |uproot trees having proper root sys- tems, particularly if they are devoid of | foliage. Q. What American college first played modern foot ball>—T. M. A. This sport was first introduced | into our colleges by Harvard. Q. When was forestry introduced into this country —F. G. A. The first example of professional management in the United States was started in 1891 on the Biltmore estate, near Asheville, N. C. Q How many standing committees | are there in both houses of Congress?— M. A. In the Senate there are 34 and in the House 45 standing committees. It is usually the case that every member shall be placed on one or more com- mittees. | | a ¥ As Great Loss John Bassett Moore's resignation from the Permanent Court of International Justice is regarded by the Ameflunl press as a great loss to that tribunal, although in some quarters it is assumed | that the celebrated jurist will make an| even greater contribution to world law | by completing his treatise, which is expected to run into some 75 volumes, and which is awaited with interest by both legal and literary circles. ‘Whether his successor will be a citizen of the United States, in view of the fact that this country still is outside the court, is the subject of considerable speculation. | “There was general agreement.” says the Pittsburgh Post-Gagette, hat the selection of Mr. Moore as a member of | tha original bench was particularly fit-| ting, in view of his standing as an authority on international law and his| wide experience in matters of states. mlmhl[;‘. having served several times as| an Assistant Secretary of State or as| counselor of the department. But now Justice Moore has resigned from the/ court to devote his entire time to com- | pleting an extensive treatise on inter- | national law. There will be general| regret on his leaving the tribunal, but his valuable service to international law will, of course, be continued in his writ n~ on the subject. With the recogni- tion given this country in the appoint-, ment of Mr. Moore to the international, bench, the Ameritan people naturaily! will now look upon it as a precedent to be kept up.” “As & courtesy member of the Perma- nent Court of International Justice, having no official sanction, because this Nation has not entered the court.” cording to the Brooklyn Daily le, “Prof. John Bassett Moore has had a record highly creditable to the scholarly standing of Ameriea in the feld of) international law, and his personality| has commanded the tespectful apprecia- tion of his colleagues. He has been a plain American at The Hague, just as| he was a plain Ameriean i his work | at Columbia University.” ' %N “The successor to Judge Moore.” it is pointed out by the Roanoke World- ews, “will be chosen by the Couneil. and the Councll and the Assembly of the League of Nations, of which the United States is not a member. But it seems to be taken for granted that an American will be chosen, both to give welght to the declsions of the court and 10 have our viewpoint re) ted. The! Jaot ARG Joht Teaeatt Moare Das mrved for seven years demonstrates that it is not necessary that the judges of the court come from the member nations, but rather that they represent the broader views of world statesmanship. ¢ % Bul" says the Vieginta paper, it the United States I8 s0 mueh inter ested In having an American named on | the court, y 18 it so little interested i continuing the corvespondence on ! the Swanson reservations, under whioh I8 A matter of eonjecture, Senator James A, Reed of Missourd, so far, has showi no signs of weakent It may narrow largely (0 & contest between ‘m\h In the Houston con- that dry ta AN s ve lle;.“.ll ths 1t (&:flm‘d n onths ago 1t was @ MoA m I ooral for fo" ARrow thet vather than to see Resignation of Moore Viewed to World Court this country proposed to become = member? The ation, as viewed by the San Prancisco Bulletin, “is a double blow to that tribunal. It means the loss of a distinguished jurist who had made in ternational law his life study, and also it raises the question of American rep- resentation. * * ¢ As for the nomi- nation of his successor, the main ques- tion to be considered is whether Moore’s membership in the World Court in any way_restricted American independence in the matter of foreign policy. That does not appear to have been the case. His membership did not mean our na tional membership. It was a friend! gesture to name a distinguished Amer can jurist for a seat on the Court of International Justice, and it was friend- 1y without being committal.” Referring to Judge Moore as “the outstanding authority on internation: law in this country,” and to Mr. Root participation in creation of the cou the New York Evening Post calls it unusual paradox that America has ma such distinctive contributions to cause of international arbitration and conciliation, and at the same time has shown & perverse unwillingness to ensos the fruits of the institutions it has helped to establish.” Favoring the se- lection of another American, that paper holds that “even though our nationa membership may still be postponed be cause of the vagaries of both nation and international politics, 1t would be unfortunate to have our one connection with the World Court dissalved. *ox owow Yet the Buffalo Evening News, while recognizing that “a large group withi the League may desire to see Moore's place filled by an American, suggests that “the League members, having seen the court grow in strengtht and prestige despite American aloofness mav decide not to truckle any further 10 American opinjon.” The Newark Evening News, however observes: “When the League and the Council meet W September to elec Judge Moore's successor we shall prob ably be no nearer membership than we are now, Still it would be shortsighted of them nbt to continue American resentation among the judges, ¢ * The situation 13 pathetio, because the United States is keenly n favor of this institution. The American want to be in it, and are kept out daly by the partisan pigheadedness of the Senate ” ““The court loses ane of fts most inftu- enttal members in tion of Judge Moore," states the Rirmingham News. “No Amerioan now on his coun- try's horizon approximates fn qualifica- tlons this learned and gracious yet un- vielding figure. It is & fine fame that @ has won--a fame that is Mkely to widen and heighten with the vner the Ghi- of the suns. “Mr Moore's acceptance.” cagn Daily Tribune coftends, “had no sanction from American n, A while it was quite within rights & an individual, 1t placed him\ in & sitia- tion subject to misintes 3&& and nseparable from a sel ¥ We are sure that Mr, ter emy in the u& Honal law and s:n o peace nations B e i B Place uun" o W) eo adhere et