Evening Star Newspaper, May 3, 1928, Page 8

at which former Mayor Hylan is ex- pected to declare\ his independent can- didacy for the mayoralty as champion of the five-cent rate. The intervention of the Federal Courlt was brought about through denial by the state rapid transit commission of THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor| the cempany's application for a higher — | tare. The company, claiming that the The Everting Star Newspaper Company | rate of fare was confiscatory, sought and TUh 81 A Penpapivania At obtained access to the United States New York Office: 110 Fast 43nd St. Court on the ground of a denial of Ear e S 4 Repent SLo London, | constitutional rights. The case now England. ! having entered the Federal jurisdiction, the way is open to appeal to the highest |court. Should that court sustain the | decision of the special court which has | | just ruled. the day of the five-cent fare | hen & Suadars) 3¢ per monih | rate in the United States may be re- O T o 1he dnd oF each month, | garded as closed. Other clties than be ecoi in by mail or lelephone. Ny York are, therefore, interested in i this contention. R ;The Appropriations Chairmanship. fTHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D.C. THURSDAY........May 3, 1928 x Rate by Car rier Within the City. oy _45¢ per month a: 60c per month in Advance. ginia. S9.00; 1 mo., 782 00} 1 ma’ e B Rate by Mail—Payab) Maryland and ) | Martin B. Madden, which | with shocking suddenness the chairmanship of the Ho mittee on appropriations, a po: ortance, passes c and merit to Representative Daniel R. Anthony. jr. of Kansas | Formal action to that effect will short- " | 1y be taken by the House committee on | | committees and the chairmanship win | be vested in Mr. Anthony. who how- | A Farm Bloc Defeat. ever. has been for some time in poor The House farm bloc suffered its first | nealth and unable to attend the sc defeat in two years yesterday Wwhen| sions of the House. It is not expected | the controversial equalization fee Was| that Mr. Anthony wiit be preseat in stricken from the McNary-Haugen | Washington during the remainder of | farm-relief measure on a motion to|the current session. Should he recover substitute the Aswell bill. The vote |from his iliness he will at the next ses- | was one hundred and forty-one to one | sion take the chair in *he sppropria- | hundred and twenty, but there are|tions committee, with whicn he has grave doubts &s to whether the defeat | been associated for several Congresses, | of the equalization principle is really |and on which he has rendered valuab significant, or whether it must be at-|service. Meanwhile the actual duties tributed to a temporary lapse on the | of this office will be discharged by Rep- part of its adherents which will be| resentative William R. Wocd of Indiana, | remedied later. Alfter the vote the dis- | next in seniority, and. by virtue of long | cussion indicated that some of the|service on the appropriations ccmmit- ‘members were not sure as to what they | tee, fully competent to carry on the | were voting on or what the effect of | Jate Mr. Madden's work in directing the the vote would be. The action was | activities of the committee. taken in committee of the whole House Mr. Wood. who in the event of the in- with two hundred and sixty-one out|ability of Mr. Anthony to return to| ©f the membership of four hundred and | active congressional service. will un- thirty-five present and voting. Several| doubtedly be continuxd as chairman at opportunities remain for the House 10! the next session, has been in Congress yeverse its action of yesterday before|now for thirteen years and during most occurzed | last week, e com- | tion of of A!l Other States and Canada. Daiiy and Sunday . er. $12.00: 1 mo. $1. Daiis ar T30 Sundas only .. pListas great Member of the Associated Press The Assoctatea P to the use for rel Patches credited 10 | 1 & | Italy last year an Italian ace flew for| With the death of Representative | ,,.' jpy at three hundred and fifty | dr! | propriate. and, coming at a time when {ment with steam-heated Winter high- THE EVENIT 1903, and screamed at the top of his voice, “They've done it! Danged if they ain't flew!” This first airplane was a wobbly af- | fair. It was propelled by a four-cyl- inder motor and the pilot was supported mainly by a small seat on a network of wires. Its greatest flight covered a distance of eight hundred and fifty-two ‘f!‘(‘! Little did the “crazy” brothers | realize what aviation was to become to {the world. They could have no con- ception of the forces that they set into motion In 1903 a veering, erratic flight of a little more than eight hun-| dred feet! In 1927 a flight from New York to Germany, straight as a die for | more than thirty-nine hundred miles! | [ In 1903 an altitude of perhaps a hun- dred feet! In 1927 man soared intc! the heavens to a ceiling of thirty-eight | thousand feet! And in 1903 a speed | of possibly fifty miles an hour! In miles an hour. It is a striking contrast. and the world, which in the enthusiasm for newer sensations is inclined to forget should consider well the beginning of it all. Wilbur Wright has passed on to a greater reward. Orville Wright is!} still living and it must be a wonderful satisfaction to him to observe a devel-| opment of the contraption that was born at Kitty Hawk. The erection of the monument there is singularly ap- new deeds in the air are being ac- claimed, should serve to remind us all; that at that spot the idea became an actuality which made these deeds pos- sible. ————————— Steam-Heated Roads. With all States realizing the neces- ¥ of keeping the roads open, Winter and Summer, for the vital transporta- | tion needs of the Nation, it is interest- ing to note that Nevada is to experi- ways. A sixteen-mile stretch of road in that State, near Reno. is almost perpet- ually blocked during severe weather. A county commissioner, evidently a for- ward-looking man, has determined that snow shall no longer hamper this trans- portation artery, and a San Francisco heating engineer has been engaged to consider ways and means of installing pipes along the road to melt the white | price and the reputation, but in the ex- tha bill ¢~ its entirety is enacted. ~ = Wouse pursued the wise course in elminating the equalization fee. therefore, its action seems to have been more accidental than premeditated. In ithe opinion of many. elimination of the equalization fee and prompt enaction jof a farm-relief measure at thjs session ‘would indicate more than anything else ‘the sincere desire of Congress to do something for the farmer. From the ifirst the equalization principle has been oppesed by Secretary Jardine and by President Coolidge, and the latter has more than once reaffirmed his inten- ‘tion to veto the bill if it comes to him #n the form passed by the Senate, con- ‘taining the equalization fee. It has been repeatedly argued that while the lequalization fee is so controversial, and Bts effectiveness is left so much in Moubt by conflicting opinion, the wise Rhing to do would be to pass a farm- frelief measure without it; to experiment Hor a year or so to find whether it is, s argued by its proponents, vital and pecessary. If it is found necessary. a ter Congress may Temedy the de- As it is now, farm-relief legisiation any sort at this session remains in bt. If the House stands firm on its Bction yesterday in eliminating the ' tion fee, a great amount of will be consumed’ in reconciling stand with that of the Senate. I1f the bill contains the equalization fee when it reaches the President, there i little hope of its receiving his signature ¥t may pass over his veto, but the un- #xpected defeat of the McNary-Haugen- ftes in the House yesterday will raise Poubts that were never there before. Defeat of farm-relief legislation at this session would enable some gentle- men to go into the coming campaign With a fine issue. Approval of a farm- Pelie! measure without the equalization jee and as an experimental step in elping the farmer might assist agri- pulture, but would fail utterly as a re- Yot measure for politicians. st~ Ancient sentiment survives in the face #f cold, modern photography. There is o reason why the Prince of Wales phould be required to have his picture faken on or off horseback to contradict the admiring mental attitude of a loyal populace. - The Five-Cent Fare Decision. After a long fight, the Interborough Rapid Transit Co. of New York has won judicial decision against the contin- ance of the five-cent rate of fare. A tpecially constituted Federal Court has fuled in fevor of the company’s appli- pation 10 charge & seven- s subway and elevated lines lon being subject to review by Dnited States SBupreme Court. It pertzin that an appesl will be taken §nd that the whole question will be Te- terred o the hest court. This will invoive & complicated situation. 1f the Matutory eourt, which ruled yesterday Wgrs an order putting the seven-cen' fare inw effect st once, subject %o the 115 dect- the higher court’s ruling, the company must | five two-cent rebate siips with every which it sl er in case the five-cent rate b On the otber hand, if the court decrees that the fve- pent rate shall remsin pending review e city moust give bond for relmburse- ent W the company in case the ulti- pate docision 1s fsvorable 1o the latter fn the former case the passengers wii peceive s refund, end in the latter case | fre ety treasurer will pay the differ- pnor. It has been figured thet pacition of two cents W the fare rate cort the passcngers approxdmately | Bhould the ity be " $40.000.000 & year bonded. In the event that the five-cent Ppre remeine pending sppesl end the ap- 4l results in s decision favorable v {,. company, & hesvy burden will be Placed upon the municipelity unless e bopesl 15 upusually expedited A truce [ Bontingency. Smmedistely upon the vendering fie geciston yesterdsy, Mayor Welker $ho s stoutly resisted all moves fo $u sneresse in fares, sunounced thst b Woula stend for re-clection on u five fent fere platfonm » b conjunetion with reports that ove been made for & Qiuner nexl t rate on | || Howk, N €, on & wind-s the | | Wilbur Wright began the assembly of | sy be ervenged 1o ayvoid this This i Interesting ns sek, bursl into the vilisge on December 17, beln’ man's ‘best friend. " | of that time has been assigned to ap- | propriation committes duty. He is per- fectly familiar with the budgetary work | of Congress and thrcugh his nn'i(-usi | subcommittee assignments has become | acquainted in detail with all the bills. | His parliamentary equipment is excep- tional, and under his manavement, if it should continue, the expeditious andv effective enactment of these essential measures is assured. For the present session the greater part of the work has been accomplished, there remaining only the deficiency bill to be laid before the House, all others having been passed by that body, five having become laws. The District of Columbia is gratified that the chatrmanship of the appropri- ations committee, whether retained by Mr. Anthony, for whose recovery and return it prays, or by Mr. Wood in suc- cession, will be held by one who is an advocate of justice to the Capital com- munity in the matter of the fiscal re- lations between it and the United States. sl Egypt and Great Britain. The assurance by the Egyptian gov- ernment that it will not press the as- semblies bill for action at the present session of parliament, but will postpone it until the mext session, has been ac- cepted by Great Britain, but with the specific declaration that if the measure is to be revived or other measures are introduced presenting similarly danger- ous features, it will be “again obliged to intervene, as in the present instance, to prevent their enactment.” The Lon- don government goes further and says that it can enter into no discussion re- presenting the declaration of 1922, one of the consequences of which was to | entail upon England responsibility for the protection of foreign interests in Egypt. The British note says further: “It will be clear that this government is resolved at all times to insist upon the precise discharge of its terms.” Thus Egypt withdraws the bill temporarily and England withdraws the ultimatum, also temporarily. The issue is thus postponed. England is under notice by virtue of the Egyptian reply that it cannot recognize Great Britain's right to intervene in Egyptian legisla- | tion, and Egypt s under notice that | England regards herself as responsible {for the maintenance of order and the | protection of foreign lives and prop- | {erty in Egypt. The warships that were | {sent out from Malta the other dey under sealed orders have been recallcd, | the bill is pigeonholed and the status quo has been restored. But that is an | | unstable status quo and eventually, per- haps at the next session of the Egyptian parliament in November, its instability ly demonstrated. ———— { i l ’may be drama | Alr mail service for Washington, |D. €., marks another epoch in history. The aviator moves 80 fast that the chronicles of the time find difficulty in keeping up with him. | A Contrast in Aviation. While Washington was entertaining the two German fiyers and their Irish redecrnable bY U | opmpanion in celebration of their feat | {in crossing the Atlantic from east to | west, and while the greatest fiyer of | them all, Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, | who blazed the way across the ocean, was sssisting in the ceremonles, a sig- | nificant event was taking place at Kitty vept beach ‘There yesterday a modest monument | was unvelled, snd on it is inscribed {“On this spot, September 17th, 1900 the Wright Brothers’ first experimental glider which led to man's conquest of the wir. Erected by citizens of Kity | Mawk, North Carolins, 1926 A greater contrust In aviation cele | bration could hardly be imagined then the welcome 10 Ui oversens fiyers and e erection of & monument o the two | brothers who first mastered the laws Lot the air as relating to man-made ¢ | planes. Three years after that day | when Wilbur snd Orvilie Wright set up thelr Wnt W obegin work on thefr | driven plane. ping end from excitement, & We guard yew-angled” contrivance Orville made | the first successtul fight in & power- | Out of breath from rur- | flakes as soon as they fall. While the scheme may not prove fea- sible, it should at least serve as an ob- ject lessor: to certain localities which have not yet come to the realization that modern business demands year- round passable roads. Before the days of truck and passenger car transporta- tion in connection with the business ac- tivities of the Nation, little was thought about snow removal. When Winter came the roads were blocked, and that was all there was to it. Now, however, the city or State which does not promptiy clear its highways is derelict in its duty, and consequently Nevada's experiment next Winter will be watched with interest. ——— Prize ring contributes lectures on Shakespeare. This is generous. While Shakespeare showed interest in sword combats and even wrestling, he showed no interest in contests with the boxing gloves. e Theory is advanced that there are no real “bears” on Wall Street. What often seems a “bear” in excited imagi- nation is only an overworked and weary “bull.” B Convention pramoters insist that Gov. “Where in the world are you going with that beautiful big car?” yelled the taxicab driver as he slid his vehicle to a violent stop. It is needless to say that his words were not exactly as quoted above. For “world” the astute reader will substi- tute another and hotter place; for the adjectives he will ‘make the necessary modifications It experience enables him to do all this successfully, he will see that what the taxi driver roared at the man in th This 15 the astounding thing about the remarks that automobilists hurl at each other. Whether heard or not heard—and the relation is about 1 to| most of the remarks are picturesque. Evidently one of the joys of driving an automobile is this free expression of opinion concerning the character and \ving ability of other motarists. Other cars, too, must stand a great deal of ragging. No matter how fine a bus the other fellow is operating, it be- a “or a “wreck,” or some similar misfit” when it appears in the denunciations hurled by one driver at another. 10 * X KK We recall the case of two men whose curs almost met head-on at Fourteenth d K streets. This is a “bad corner.” anyway, in traffic parlance. The merits of the case are forgotten; what we re- member is the remark of the taxi driver. H> leaned out the side of his car and angrily confronted the driver of one of the finest automebiles in Wash- ington. It was a beautiful car, as shiny as the ones you see sitting proudly in the show windows. “Get that wreck out of my way!” chorused the taxicab driver in sublime | indifference to the reputation and price of the other car. He knew about the pressive manner of all hguage in reverse. Docs the power of the engine trans mit itself to the men at the wheel Does he feel that an ordinary recogni tion of facts is incompatible with 60 horsepower? This “running down” of the other fellow's car is the ordinary procedure with hundreds of motorisis, most whom by no means would stand on their two feet and similarly traduce the car owners themselves. ook ox Some motorists keep up & running fire of chatter against all their brother -—and sister—motorists. It is delightful to listen to one of them go on. “They ought to take that fellow's permit away from him!" exclaims our hero as he is forced to veer his car as much as a quarter of an inch. “Look at that boob drive! Why, he couldn't drive a threshing machine! They ought to stop giving permits to such fellows. “Watch him take that curve—the hog! road. There are too many like him in | this city. “Say, you fathead. where you going? | “Did you see that? That bozo would | take the right of way away from his grandmother. The next time I see him mall'green car was almost poetical. | automobile | awlers out” intentionally phrased his | of | He thinks he owns the whole| caught our eye. The other fellow is always wrong. Strangely enough, he usually is! This is the queer part of it. * oK ok % | 1t 15 probably a good thing that for | every remark that reaches the ears of an offender 10 do not, but remain en- | tirely inside the car. | Al the other fellow gets in most in- | stances is a glare, a facial distortion cxpressive of extreme disapproval. J. Henry Gearshift, charming who drives a small car of a popu- | e, smiles at all the traffic cops | and glares at all the motorists. | Her glare, by the way, is a rather | peculiar thing. half way between a smile and a frown, if you know what we mean, It is much better to be frowned at by | Mrs. Gearshift than not to be noticed at all, most acquaintances think. When she gets behind the wheel she | is on her way. Her opinions of other | drivers are not complimentary, if one | may judge from what she says about them And she says a plent: | “Get out of the w: she yells in her | dulcet soprano, which sounds like a brook trying to imitate a saxophone, or like a canary bird trying to emulate the strains of a violin. Her voice is the sort that carries, vet does it sweetly. Some voices are like that. | IR | The motorist does not have all the | fun by himself, however. | The pedestrian has something to say, 0. | Since all men are walkers at times| and upon occasion, there is a peculiar appeal in the remarks hurled at passed automobiles. We say “passed” because that is the |case. In 99 cases out of 100, by the time the indignant pedestrian has hurled forth his sentiments the offender | is half way down the block. | To be nearly cut down forever by some careless motorist who really doesn't care would be the crowning in- ult. And the only way to avoid such a| fate, as every one knows, is to be always |on guard. One steps off a curb only | to have his trouser leg fanned by a car | making a right-hand turn at 30 miles {an hour. “You ——!" roars the startled pedes- | trian. The reader here is entitled to fill out the blank according to his own senti- ments in the matter. If you are one of these motorists who believe that the motorist is always right, just leave it blank. Likewise, If you are a pedestrian who thinks that the motorist is always wrong. e Only once did we ever fail to express| loudly our private and public opinion of an offending motorist. | We had passed out between cars 1parktd on the north side of Pennsyl- vania avenue on our way to the car platform. As we got behind a car something We won't say what it was, but will say that it was not the Post Office Department Building. ‘While we were taking what is known in the vernacular as “a good look™ the man started to back his car out. He did it very gently, thank Heaven! I'm gonna bump him good.” So it goes. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL ¥ ‘There is a vast difference between)asked by Mr. “disarmament” and the Kellogg-Briand program for ‘“outlawing war.” With merely disarmament, as a national policy, not based on preliminary steps | to prevent attack upon our country,| danger increases; with a world pact outlawing war, danger decreases. Hence there should be no such befogging of | the question as would be certain to those who associate the project to make war abhorrent to the policy and method of all civilization, on the one hand, and the folly of destroying means of defense without first increasing the Al Smith may find Texas as reliable a Democratic stronghold as New York State. —————————— A dark horse is encouraged by ob- serving how frequently a “long shot” manages to win. et Effort is being made to establish the merger promoter in public attention as the real “ultimate consumer."” B The reckless driver continues to defy traffic authorities and clings to the motto, “Safety last.” .- SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Neighbors All The ocean stood ‘twixt you and me, O friend afar, across the sea, Until our words, serene or rash, Crossed in a swift, electric flash! And, next, with mighty wings we seek To span the skies and frankly speak, Exchanging, as we each draw near, New messages of faith or fear. They who seemed far are now at hand. There 15 no more & “foreign land.” He s, who once aloof must stay, A nelghbor, just across the way. Paradoxical Politics. “You must strive to give the people what they want.” “Prohibition out my way is strong as a matter of public policy,” answered | Benator Sorghum. “I am compelled to argue in favor of giving a large number of people what they don't care about.” The U. Con. No captain of finance is he. 1 He makes no market rumor, | His proud position s to be I ‘T'he Ultimate Consumer. Though prices rise or prices fall, In an uncertain humor, Here Is the hero, after all— * The Ultimate Consumer. | Jud Tunkins says regular marriage |15 & lottery, but companionate marriage 15 & game in which it 1s permissible to stack the cards. Facing a Fietlon. “The ladies are always with us,” said the Lonstmaster of the polite banquet, It tsn't trug muttered Mr. Growcher, “When I get home after midnight to meet wife and daughters Uil find, as usual, that the ladies are | | | ‘ugin us “Leaving & fool unhindered,” sald i Mo, the sage of Chinatown, “Is often & cruel manner of letting him work out his own punishment.” The Irrepressible John, John Barleycorn still plays his tricks, And holds & place potential, He sl rematns in polities, And 15 quite tnfiuential, security against attack. The crisis is| stupendous. Never has the world come so very close to the condition of peace throug! agreed methods of diplomacy and ar- bitration as it appears to be today, with | the imminence of adoption, not of the original proposed French treaty be- tween France and the United States, but of its enlarged plan as proposed by Secretary of State Kellogg to make the pact multilateral, so as to include all the strong powers upon an equal basis, binding all to submit all con- troversies to arbitration, and to refrain | from war except in national defense when actually attacked or in imminent danger of attack. Apparently France has the same desire to make the pro- peace method universal as has the United States, but with the cen- turies of precedent of France's wars, it | is not so easy for her to leap unreserv- edly into the new policy and trust to the good faith of the world. W . While France is hesitating to take the leap into arbitral peace, her tra- ditional enemy. Germany, is ready to| accept the Kellogg plan with great en- thusiasm, A leading German paper, the Boerson Courier, says “A more positive reply than Ger- many's to Kellogg’s proposal would be impossible. The note is dictated by the conviction that this is the only way to a lasting peace. Stresemann’s reply 1s solely addressed to the United Stales, not to Prance or any other nation.” ‘Theodore Wolf!, in the Berliner Tage- blatt, says: “Germany could not do anything but express honest sympathy for the Ameri- can move and demand that Kellogg's lans be realized in their pure form ut still we ask, what will come of it? England will undoubtedly try to act as mediator between Parls and Washing- ton. Before anything can be done long negotfations among England, France and other powers will take place.” The German Nationalists, from & partisan standpoint, are secking to play polities with the situation, by demand- ing the impossible condition that no anti-war pact be concluded until all nations first disarm, declaring that “a pact to outlaw war 14 foolish while most of the nations surrounding Ger- many are armed to the teeth.” they would go around the same old viclous circle, arguing for universnl disarmament before suppressing the policy and practice of war, the sole canse for defensive armament, Chan- llor Marx, however, is far more logl- for he writes that “the next result of the aceord proposed by Kellogg must be general disarmament.” That is the only succeeding stép that common sense could imagine, Just s soon A8 the cause of armaments censes to exist prms will become atrophled, and grad ually dle. But that result cannot pre- cede the eause, nor can it come about immediately; 1t must follow in the nat- ural way of all useless things. Day before yesterday, In Russia, there was & parade of a million men under wrms. 1t developed unlimited enthu- slusm among the milllons of spectators. ‘The boasted rulll'y of the Boviel govern- ment Is to #tir up strife in other coun- tries, and eventually so weaken thely governments that the conguest of civl- Jization by the Communist will be ensy While that cannot affect the Kellogg- Hriand plan to Induce the civilized powers 10 abhor and dijcard War as a of settlement of disputes between nselves, 1L polts Lo prudent states- the unavoldable necessity of re- strong means of self-defense threntening Russia. In fact, thut menace and wll other menaces of attack make the retalning of armles and navies essential to the enforcement of that very Kollogg pi i T ing Agalng A hoss race,” sald Uncle Eben, “has spolled many & hoss' vefjutation foh o Forelgn Ministor lmwm-m\ of Cer- many says: “The Cerman reply to the question | connection with the League of Nations And we didn't have the heart to say a thing. ’. COLLINS. Kellogg could not be clearer. Germany’s standpoint is that the American proposal does not con- flict with the League of Nations' cove- nant and the Locarno treaty, the only two_international engagements the re- public has. This is the main point, and it must be pointed out that the unqualified acceptance of the sugges- tion for a compact is not solely based on judicial considerations, but also on principles of practical politics. Ger- many considers that the right of na- tional defense against a treaty partner breaking the accord is self-evident.” What Herr Stresemann refers to in | is the agree- nation defles the other nations by going to war. all the other nations shall boycott the of- fending one, and shall even unite in war against . That is a pact for war rather than for peace, well reminding of the old declaration, “We will have peace if we have to fight for 1t.” X xn In Great Britain there Is manifested public impatience at the delay of the government in fully adopting the Kel- logg pact. This public demand is even voiced by the London Times, which criticizes Sir Austen Chamberlain’s re- cent speech at Birmingham, in which the secretary for foreign affairs inti- over old friends to gain new ones.” Chamberlain apparently assumed that since Waterloo France had been closer to Great Britain than had the Ameri- can republic after the British burning of our White House The Times protests that that “did not | represent the British view,” adding: “It can be assumed, and has already been shown, that British opinion in this country and the Dominions is very strongly in favor of the general prin- ciples of the American proposal. * * * 1f, other things being in the way to settlement, the matter be considered as between the British Empire and Amer- ica, how do we stand? The opportunity of formally and solemnly renouncing war as an instrument of policy in deal- ings between the republic and the em- pire cannot be missed.” ok ok K The outstanding differences between the Briand and the Kellogg plans may be summed up in the statement that the Briand offer of April 6, 1927, was limited to a proposed agreement that as between France and the United States, war would be wholly renounced and all disputes should be settled “by pacific means.” ‘The full text of the Briand offer was not published until 1928, and Secretary Kellogg did not reply until December 27, 1928, In that first Kellogg reply, he Insisted that such a treaty should not be confined to France and the United States alone, and that it should com- pletely outlaw war among all signa- tories. Mr. Briand replied that such a complete_renunciation of war could be made only between two nations which had had the long and iraditional friend- ship such as bad existed between France und the United States. He lgnored the fact that our first war, after the end of our War of Independence, was with the French, 5o that the century and a \dship between the Fi vica 18 not so extraor that it cannot be duplicated as to other countries L B B In the negotlations, Mr. Briand lald down three points: That not only the leading powers, but all nations, must firat aecept the paet before 1t would be come effective; that if one nation then violated its obligations of* peace, that would release all nations so far as con- cerned that particular culprit nation, and third, that the pact should not de- prive the slgnatories of the right of self- defense. By consent of France and Ameriea the paet was submitted, through the Ame cun Ambassadors i the respective coun tries, on April 19, 1928, W Great Brit- aln, Germany, Italy and Japan, and in that submission the French “points,” as suggested by Briand, were omitted. A wepk later, April 20, & counter proposal mitted o the same natlons e, neluding the thres points of Hrland's veservations. Those reser- | vations were not In the orlginal proposal from Briand when that pact was firal submitted, to apply_only between the United States and nee, and Hocre- tary Kellogy the VG STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €. THURSDAY, MAY 3, 1928 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK For two delightful days I have lounged and laughed and adventured in fer worlds of thought and fancy with that most delightful of living Irishmen, George W. Russell, even better known as AE. He is a perfect house guest, with all the charm and none of the caprice of genius. Despite the Arfel quality of his mind, his physical wants are Spartan in their simplicity, his social habits about the house as normal as the habits of a Maine farmer. He is a kind of Irish Leonardo da Vinci, a man whose spirit has refused to become the prisoner of any special- ism. Leonardo da Vinci, it will be remem- bered, was many men in one. Here are a few of the things he was: Sculptor. Poet. Epigrammatist. Engineer. Statesman. Soldier. Musician. The central tragedy of our time is that we can neither create nor compre- hend such men. We moderns are at best but superspectalists. But in this time, blindly devoted to the limited efficiencies of the specialis AE has contrived to recapture some- thing of the spirit of Leonardo. Like Leonardo—who as artist took the trouble to dissect 10 cadavers to follow the course of a few veins—AE is no mere dabbler in the superficialities of the arf the seiences and the social explorations of his time. Whatever this graclous Irishman turns his hand to, he does well, although he does it with that disguised thorough- ness, that seeming effortlessmess of the artist, that the plodding specialist will never quite understand. In all his varied roles—as poet painter, critic, journalist, editor of the Irish Statesman, unofficial political seer and organizer of co-operatives among Irish farmers—AE maintains what Paul Valery calls that “central attitude from which all the enterprises of learning and ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ‘What do you need to know? Is there some point about your business or per- sonal life that puzzles you? Is there | something you want to know without | delay? Submit your question to Frederic J. Haskin, director of our| Washington Information Bureau. He | is employed to help you, Address your inquiry to The Evening Star, Informa- tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, directo Washington, D. C., and inclose 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Q. How does the amount of mone spent in a year on public libraries com- pare with the amount spent on the movies?—C. 8. A. It is estimated that $37094.303 was spent in one year on public lbriaries and $800,000,000 on movies. Q. How may snowshoes be kept dur- | ing the Summer?—R. N. A. Snowshoes may be kept in good condition during the Summer by thoroughly oiling with any good oil be- fore putting away. Q. Which tires on an automobile wi wear first, all things being_equal, the front or the rear ones?—E. J. D. A. It is generally conceded that the back tires of an automobile wear first because of traction and the str them from the brake: Q. F\yhaz is the meaning of Mahatma? —JP.I A. Mahatma tn Hindu means great- souled one. It is also the name of the | high prl of theosophi or w leader the Q. How many people travel in Pull- mans in a year’—R. A. T | "A. During the year ended Decel jb(‘r 31, 1927, there was a total of 3. 197.178 revenue passengers traveling |on Pullmaps. For the past five years | the number of such passengers has been between 34,000,000 and 36,000,000 each year. | Q. Is Edmund Shaftesb | thor’s real name, and, if n | he happen to adopt it?—P. R. E. A. Edmund Shaftesbury is a pseudo- the au- how did science and all the operations of art are | nym, being his maternal ancestral name equally possible.” as to the final part and also ancestral If I may steal two of AE's own|name as to the first part. The avay phrases, in his ministry to the spirit and | the name Edmund Shaf! government of modern Ireland, the poli- about is this: When 15 years of ag tics of time and the politics of eternity |and in high school, he published some meet in a mystical union from which a | uncopyrighted books, of the success of singularly practical progeny springs. I commend to those American writers who write of the American scene AE's little book called “The National Bein Some Thoughts on an Irish Polif We wait for some one to think crea- tively in this manner about the Ameri- can future. (Gopyright, McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) | UNITED STATES IN WORLD W Ten Years Ago Today. R War Department plans contemplate having 130,000 officers and 2,168,000 men in the field and in camps by July 1 and approximately another million to be placed in the field before July 1. 1919. * * * All Army camps and can- tonments will be enlarged and if trans- portation facilities continue to improve as they have in recent months the { United States will have close to 1.500,~ 000 men in France by the end of the year. * * * Five American airplanes engage in spectacular battle with five German planes over the American sector this morning with even honors. After one American plane was shot down in flames and one German plane fell the rest of the enemy retired within their own lines. * * * Gigantic opera- tions are going on back of the American lines. Three hundred and fifty thou- sand tons of materials were handled by the transportation department in April. Huge storage facilities almost completed and big docks and railroads are nearly finished. * * * eight casualties in today's list. * * ¢ French and British push forward in the Amiens sector. Gen. Petain wins south of the Avre and occuples Hill 82, | near Castel, and the wood along the river. Heavy artillery combats went on last night and continue today in region between Hangard and Villers-Breton- neux, in some of which the French have the advantage. PEESRRAREERER T T Laments Inability To Find Any Drunks. To the Editor of The Star: I hear a lot about drunks, but some- how I hardly ever am fortunate enough or unfortunate enough to see any. I wonder if it is all just talk. interested to read the following state- ment by Mr. H. G. Hubbard in the Outlook : “A short time ago I made a three- day visit to Pittsburgh. On my arrival I was assured by a friend that there was more whisky sold in Pittsburgh than ever. I went all over looking for somebddy drunk. I did not find any one. I was told to come out Saturday night on a train called ‘“The Bummer,’ | and I could find plenty of drunks. So I took ‘The Bummer' at night. In the depot there were several hundred men, but not a drunk. ‘The Bummer' was crowded. I went through v car, found not one drunk. et Pittsburgh is said to be the wettest city in Pennsylvania.” 'ORGE F. WELLS, —— ettt No Comfort. From the Nashville Bann The world's automobile speed record has been raised again, which is nothing for the pedestrian to cheer about. B Ideal of the Pacifist. From the Nashyille Tounossean The ideal of pacifists seems to be & navy hig enough to scare everything, but not big enough to lick anybody. inal pact applicable to all nations, the same as Mr. Briand proposed first for only the United States and France. Last January, when Ambassador Claudel, on behalf of Premier Briand, proposed to sign the pact between the United States and France alone, he modified it by defining “war” to mean only a “war of aggression.” Secretary Kellogg objected to slgning before submitting it to the other pow= ers, und especially did he object to lim- iting it to apply only o “wars of ag- | since that would leave the tter open to evasion as to constituted a “war of aggres- slon.” He insisted that it must apply to all wars except purely defensive meas- ures in case of attack LR While this question of “outlawing war has been pending a new treaty of arbitration between France and the United States was signed February 6, 1928, This succeeds the expired Root treaty of 1908, which was lmited to 20 years, Tt provides that the Perma- nent Court of Arbitration should decide the interpretations of treaties in dispute and questions of a legal nature. 1t also supersedes what are known as the Hryan conciliation treaties, which re- quired that before vesorting (o hostill- tles over disputes the subject of dispute should be submitted to an international commisston —of investigation, which should have one year to wather facts The new Kellogg treaty with France embodies the prinelples of both the Koot and Bryan troatles, yet war might AUl ensue after the year's investigation and arbitration, 1t 1s to prevent that that the pending pact wholly abandons ing war as a national polley and bind- g the siznatory powers to settle every- thing “hy clfic measures” 1y now amed at W France refuse to go as far aa Germany toward world peace? (Cobyiight, 1028, Wy PFaul V. Colias. ) Eighty- | 1 was| near mid- | | which he was uncertain, and he felt | sensitive about being known in case of | failure, hence he took two of his Eng- |lish ancestral names, making the | pseudonym. Having a passion for writ- ing, and meeting some patronage, he | continued the use of the name. | real name is Edgerly Webster. What is the Perkin Warbeck | groat>—J. M. 8. A. It is now established that the so-| | | called Perkin Warbeck groat, which has | been termed by some writers as the irst English coin with a date, is neither | English nor a coin. This silver jeton, or token, was minted at Tournay, in Flan- | ders, the native town of the young pre- | tender to the throne of England. It is | presumed that Warbeck (or Werbecque) | carried with him several thousand of these pieces to the British Isles, intendd ing to distribute them among the ac- | claiming crowds had he succeeded in de- posing Henry VIIL In view of the great rarity of the plece today. it is probable that the agents of the British govern- | His | BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. ment seized and destroyed all the spect- mens they could lay their hands upen. Q. How far can the largest phono- graph te heard’—G. H. D. A. A phonograph 31': feet high, 20 feet 8 inches wide and 16 feet deep, which has been ced on the roof of the Victor Tal in Camden est in the blocks awa Where is the best flannel made? ales from the of 50,000 vards e how to to get more bu! ge stool sh be separated as can be made Care should as ing to mal Q. Wi i o put the Cor nto form which nder Ham- Rufus King. did Columbus B four voyages to 1492 he landed at 493 he s, Jam: ded at Trini- 1 Manteneno Caribbean Islande e total value of the A. Up to 1890, when it began sharply to decline, the total yield of the Com- tock lode from its discovery in 1859 was approximately $340.000,000. This is a compound fissure lode. in Nevada, rich in both gold and silver. Q. How did the International Cor- respondence School originate?—L. T. A. In “American Colleges and Uni- versities,” by David Allen Robertson, we find the following statement relative to the inception of the International Correspondence School: In an effort to help coal miners in a district of Penn- y) their own greater the International Correspondence 1. gri School k is the tangerine sometimes ;:e!esn:d to as a kid-glove orange?— A. Because of the ease with which the skin may be separated from the pulp. the tangerine. the satsuma. and the mandarin are popularly known as kid-glove oranges. | | primaries are tabulated, the press gen- erally, of all political complexions, is discussing more and more freely Her- bert Hoover and Gov. Al Smith as the probable stardard bearers in the 1928 presidential campaign. The Chicago Daily News (independ- ent), linking the two candidates, rec- ognizes that Secretary Hoover has won notable victories, and refers Smith as “the only Democratic candi- date for President who has caught the imagination of his party’s rank and file.” The St. Louis Times (Republi- can) observes that these primaries “add greatly to the number of delegates pledged to the galloping steeds which whirl the chariot of Gov. Smith of New York, and they seem to bear imposing aid and comfort to Secretary Hoover.” | “The Smith movement is seeming | developing into a prairie fire,” ren the Minneapolis Tribune (Republican), | with the further comment that “the fact that Mr. Hoover could not only| { hold his own. but do considerably more than hold his own, against the field proves that he is unmistakably in the race- for the Republican nomination.” | The Charleston Evening Post (independ- ent Democratic) holds that the Re- publicans “are basing their whole strat- egy on the question of who is the man who can succeed against Smith,” an adds that “Smith, if nominated, will arouse & personal enthusiasm among Democrats throughout the country t has not been felt for a candidate since Wilson and for few others before him. “The average Democrat in this State.” | as viewed by the Roanoke Times (inde- pendent Democratic), “is not enthusi- :Islh‘a\ll{‘ for Smith, but he is willing to accept him as the party's candidate and to concede the fact that he is the only | candidate who stands a real chance of leading the party to victory in the November electian.” ! The New Orleans (independent Democratic) offers this estimate of the situation “On the | Democratic side Gov. Smith seems to be leading by a greater margin than is enjoyed by Secretary Hoover on the Re- | publican side. There is visible as yvet | no coalition of the anti-Smith folk be- {hind any rival candidate, whe | Hoover must contend with the | formidable Lowden following and wit | the ‘dark horse’ movements that may | develop dangerous proportio: | Vice President Dawes or some prospective rival" e Protesting, however, against the Smith | clatms, the Lynchburg News (Dem cratic) says The Smith adheren will go to Houston full of confidence | The wavering will begin to consider the advisability of climbing aboard with the winner. The frst ballot will be taken, and, behold, instead of .wo-thirds the delegates, instead of a majority of the | delegates, insted® of a near majority | Smith has what in the light of claims will appear to be a paltry number, prob | ably mot more than 300, possibly not | that many! Ballot after ballot follows. and the majority still is not in sight What is the possible effect? Confidence | begins to_ wane, the waverers begin to { wonder which is really the band wagon | the ith opponents will pluck up | cour g On dianapolis Times-Picayune Age 1 the Republican situation the In- News (independent) affers the opinion he conviction that the | candidate 1o be classed definitely as | qualified to run well and to serve well must come from the Middle West is deflating the Hoover boom. It seems | 10 be generally sdmitted that the candt- | |date must be able to command not | merely the party strength in these| | States, but enough following on his per- sonal record (o bring W the independent | vote and stimulate party workers. S | far Roover has oftered nothing that ap- | peals 0 this vast Republican strong- {hold. Me lost Ohio's farm vote ™ | The demonstrated leadership of Smith in the Democratie race and that of Hoover I the Republivan race are ac- copted, #s Tesults of the primavies, by such papers as the Davenport Democrat (Demoeratie), Syracuse Herald inde ! pendent), Albany Evening News inde- peudent Republican), Asheville ‘Tunes | (ndependent Democratio), Utiea Ob- | v-Dispggoh tindependent). Roek Island Argfly independent), Oplumbla Reoard (o As the political conventions approach | and the effects of State preferential fald to Gov.| Smith-Hoover Line-Up Gains Freer Discussion by Press Herald (independent), Bellingham Her- (independent Republican), Provi- ce Journal (independent) snd St. eph News-Press (independent). The lobe - Democrat (independ- ent) sugge: “If. the advantage gained bv Mr. Hoover and Mr. Smith red as due in no small part to nce of a centered effort in be- any one candidate opposed to t may be asked if & similar con- may not prevail in the coaven- As to the character of the campaign that is in prospect. the Buffalo Evening News (Republican) states, “If Repab- licans have any reason to fear the elec- tion of Sm! he o xt Fall. it is not because he forces that oppase Hoover in the Middle West, but because a failure to nominate Hoover might turn to Smith a heavy independent vote that 's candidacy will hold to the Re- * x = The Baltimo! Sun Democratic) Jooks forward a st gle and a collision™ between these two on election day in November “that will take rank among the epochal campaigns of the Nation.” “A reawt its duties and responsibilities™ is served by the Cleveland News (indepe: ent Republican), while the Col Ohio State Journal (Republican) Hoover showing in ORio as & sive and the Smith resuit as * significant demonstrati; To the Youngstown Vind: the Hoover and Gov. Sm rengthened b ab. nd- s candidacy " The Cinetn- ¢ Hoover “an_ast The New York Wor s Mr. Hoover's cl improved.” The result to the Hoover managers [ to stampede the Republ tion. gratifying to note Hoover is winning support the land by sheer me s d Kan: prospect of victory there. Denial of significance in the Ohio vote comes from the Charleston Eventag Post (independent Democratic) and from the Birmingham News (Demo- that Mr. Hoover will cted delegates in or- 1S nomination, and the independent Rt s with more v need to have der to a The White House you m noble dwel Rings would hold you tawns whete monarchy Above the lesser fowers. 1 see fty, towering ar mes 0f men of Kingly soul PPear Upon your portals, graved - deltoly human tenderly mem'ties of lnger here. Qreathess and beauty you have roum, S0 long remembered W elms tn leaty trees and beauty As glory: and still ‘The falr women 4 Jackion: Lincoln smiliug i his pain, both i tme's perceptive Targer loom Dally Madison: and, ah, the glow OL loveliness entering with Harrlet Lane! R J. QUINN. Who Sweet