Evening Star Newspaper, December 15, 1927, Page 8

= g 'THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. | THURSDAY. . .December 15, 1927 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor| The Evening Star Newspaper Company | Business Office: ] anta Ave d st | 11th St and Pennavlvania New York Office: 110 Eagt 32 Chicaga Office”. Tower ! European Office: 14 Rekent St.. London, England i The Evening Star with the Sunday morn Ine it I delivered by carriera within 1he &Tv'% 60 cents mor month: dais” only. | B dava Cnly. 2b conts er ‘month, b sent by mail o T 0 "Col110n 1 made by | carmier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. | Maryland and Virginia. ] e and Sunday....1 vr. $200: 1 mo Sy o1 e $3.00: 2 mo, s and Canada. £2.00 X E0n 100 All Other v and Su iy onls Sunday only 1 mo 1mo 1 mo Member of the Associated Press. The Ascoc Iy ent to the uss f news d atches ¢ radi fted 1o this 11 Dlighed he of Epecial e jated Pross 18 exclusit n ol all a a0t Dtnerwien cred paper and also the local news | e AN 1ithts 0f nuRi~acion \atches herein are also eeerved The “Lindbergh Story.” flies to Mexico City ple statement of remar feat. It thrills the reader of it almos as greatly as did the flashed news of the At stop from A sim. able t Lindbergh without Washington another the successful flight across lantic last Summer. continue thus to arouse the emotional reaction of millions to learn that this gallant young ace has scored another triumph over the air? Why is the | “Lindbergh story” just as grea now as it was nearly six mo: when he soared overseas alone It is because of the manner of man | a one hs ago, that Lindbergh is and the manner of | with deep concern that he is w ished | steps into starting fiying that he does. He his machine, saying, “I'm now,” and gives the word to let his plane go forward, steps on the gas, manipulates the controls and sails away without ceremony, whether for a short flight from one city to anoth- er, or for a long-distance overseas goal, or for a foreign capital on this same continent, across two thousand miles of country, including a high range of mountains. Tt is because, with all the success that he has achieved, Lindbergh is still modest and self-effacing, earnest, intent only upon the importance of the immediate task, concerned with the arousal of interest in aviation, always flying safely, without acro- batics or spectacular stunts, a unique example of the supreme specialist. 1t is because the people of this coun- try have formed a deep affection for this young man, admiring his techni- cal ability and his character, apprais- ing his performances both as a fiyer and as an unofficial diplomat. It is because there is an apprehension of disaster to him, a wish that he would stop flying, a fear lest his string of “luck” may snap at any moment, But Lindbergh's “luck” is not a matter of chance alone. For he takes small chances, if that can be said of any one who leaves the ground to ma- nipulate the air currents with a frail machine, He has proved himself m: ter of his plane and of the elements. He may, of course, encounter a storm, ba forced to land in adverse conditions, or crash through the collapse of some vital part of his ship. That is always a possibility. Yet here he is today, pioneering from Washington to Mexi- co City, a distance of 2,000 miles, in shorter time than was forecast, and striking his goal unerringly, though he had never before traversed the course. Truly, a remarkable man and truly the subject of continued, un- abated interest and enthusiasm and worthy of the biggest headlines and the fullest space of printed matter descriptive of his exploits. That is why the “Lindbergh story” remains the biggest in the news. —_—————————— There is one sure way for a diplo- mat abroad to call attention to the good will which always underlies the attitude of the American people. When in doubt, send for Lindbergh. —etne. Federal and Local Building Sites. A favorable report has been made te the House of Representatives on the Elliott bill, providing for the im- mediate and complete acquisition of the land within the Mall-Avenue tri- angle for public building purposes. This measure, which the House had passed at last session, failed of en- actment because of the Senate block- ade caused by the filibuster which marked the closing hours. its failure then, however, did not materially af- fect the Government's building pro- gram, and the bill as it now stands, with the approval of the House committee on public buildings and grounds, includes a square that was previously omitted from the pro slons, assuring the taking of all the space in the triangle. The square oc- cupied by the Southern Raflway offices is incorporated, whereas in the preced- ing bill it was omitted from the pro- gram of acquisitions. The passage of this bill at the pres- ent session may bhe re ded as as- sured, it is recognized that the Government must have a clear way 1o the grouping of its projected hous- ings in with the adopted plans. The taking of squares is a most costly proceeding As a mere matter of economy it would pay the United States to Buy the whole tract immediately and to utilize it as| specific building plans are developed Hed this policy been pursued twenty years ago, when the five-square tract at the western end of the triangle was bought, the total cost would have been less by several million dollars. The District has a direct interest in l}}\s matter, for the Government's plan contemplates the eventual utili- zation, though not necessarily the re- placement, of the present Municipal Building for Federal housing purposes. This, of course, entails its replacement in other quarters, and tentative plans are now in preparation for the estab- lishment of a municipal center on the north side of Pennsylvania avenue between Third and Sixth streets. It is urgent that this municipal cen- ter plan be formulated definitely and as accordance piecemeal ‘.n | question th to provide the first large unit of the proposed municipal center from the tme the first legislative move is made. Tt will probably take the form of an authorization for the prepara. tion of detailed plans and the acqui- sition of the Meanwhile the Government's will' be developing It would perhaps be advantageous site, own program | to couple the Municipal Building proj ect with the pending bill for the pro curement of the entire Mall-Avenue that these two elements Capitalmaking plan may ad Inasmuch as providing the and ade establishment to obtain the these triangle. the vance simultaneously the first toward District quate will be step with administ an authorization joining of one measure a permanent ative site, the two propo ons would be log cal and in practical . et 5 A Safeguard for Lindy. e the whale world is acclaiming Lindbergh the flight Wh tha incomparahle on from City, a great still perturbed flying ambassa completion of his epochal Mexico is Washington tn part of the world over the fact that the dor United States does not carry a parachute on his remark le Although will of the journeys. none air vouthful col and none would wi the smallest feeling of fear to take the of self-confidence that is Lindbergh's el place the joyous nevertheless there Why does it|is a feeling that Lindy, with a hun- | dred million and fathers throughout the world all solicitous of his welfare, should greatest precaution in under takings, “Slim" is world. He one has ever occupied hefore, and it is mothers take the his hazardous dol of S v has place no A universal Godspeed every time he eps into his plane. If anything hap pened to Lindy, the crumpling of his ship or a dead motor over mountain ous country, it would be an interna- tional calamity. That is'why feeling will not down that to a certain degree the fiying colonel owes it to his pub- lic to use every care and every modern safeguard when he soars aloft. Lindy is a past master in parachute jumping. He has made four emer gency life-saving leaps from his ship, but since he bought the famous Spirit of St. Louis, which carried him to un dying fame across the ocean, he hi found that space limitations do not ratus. The Spirit of St. Louis has been a trusty vehicle. It never failed him yet. Its motor has hum- med sweetly over ocean, desert, moun tain and city. Its frame has stood the incessant vibration without apparent decay. Lindy has spent something like three hundred and fifty air hours has ship probably better than those who built it. But superfiyer that he is and good ship that the Spirit of St. Louis has proved to be, there is no teliing at what moment fate may intervene and plunge a world into sorrow. Perhaps the famous plane’'s cockpit can be changed so as to accommodate Lindy and a parachute. That would be a solution. But if Lindy cannot a chute when he gets into the Spirit of St. Louis then it should be re- luctantly abandoned by its owner to the end that a modern safeguard can be thrown about the life of one who has the world at his feet. Lindy should have the best and newest in plane and equipment, so that, regard- less of luck, he may continue to be the world's inspiration. B An enormous demand for carbonated water is reported as an acompaniment ot prohibition. There are cynics who refuse to regard this as evidence of a developing thirst for H:0 exclusively. ——————————— The Navy Program. The Navy building program sub- mitted to Congress yesterday with the approval of the administration calls for construction of about seventy-one new ships of war at an estimated cost of $725,000,000. It represents the sec- ond largest building program ever sub- mitted to Congress, exceeded only by that of 1916, the year preceding the entrance of the United States in the World War. It is, of course, subject to two interpretations. One that failure of the Geneva conference has spurred the United States to feverish activity in shipbuilding. The second is that the ships contemplated are is Navy to the standard required by a power occupying the position in the world held by the United States today. Although the program as a whole is not definite enough to permit minute comparison between the Amer- ican Navy as planned and the British Navy five years hence, it is interest- ing to compare the cruiser status of the two navies under the program sug- gested to Congress yesterday. Great Britain last Spring had fifty-seven cruisers built or building, thirteen of them being of the heavy, 10,000-ton class. At the same time the United States had in commission ten modern ing around 7.500 and §,000 tons, and eight of the 10,000-ton class appropri- ated for. The twenty-five cruisers asked by the Navy in its program gubmitted to Congress vesterday would bring the cruiser strength of the United States Navy to forty-three, ern, 10,000-ton class, the class of ships advocated by Navy cessary to patrol the far-flung coast line of the United States today. It can seen, therefore, that in strength the United States compare favorably with Great Britain it the bullding program suggested is {carried out. But this strength wouli be neither excessive nor threatening. Congress is left to decide whether the program submitted by the Navy yesterday is to be carried five vears. This program, in addition |to the twenty-five cruisers, contem- plates construction of nine destroyer leaders, thirty-two submarines and five aircraft carriers, is referred to as the five-year program, with the | thought that appropriations to make | it effective will be spread over the next half decade. In addition, there men as being nec would out over speedily and that early authorization be granted by Congress for its devel- opment. Upon conservative estimate, Aour it not five years will be required is the twenty-year Navy program, which has not been submitted to Con- | gress, but upon which the Navy has been working Rl’ some time. It con- \ judgment of the | permit him to wear the bulky appa-/ in the tiny cabin, and he knows his| those needed to bring the American ot | cruisers of the Memphis class, rang- | cruiser | THE EVE [ templates replacement of battleships and the construction of auxiliary ves- sels not included in the five-year pro- | gram submitted yesterday. J Speaker Longworth a few days ago |characterized the attitude of the | House toward Navy building as en- |thusiastic. And there is little doubt [but that the country will accept the | new program in the same way. The | position of the United States as a ’\\flfld power allows no further tem- | porizing with its first line of defense. | The has brought increased | responsibilities. The United States must be to shoulder them The United States has no motives to Tt ha world position prepared 1& made them known to Navy, onceal the not | | | the | of the quilding up to attain supremacy seas, but to protect our position on the seas, is & necessity founded on com mon sense, - Discretion. Oskar Omdal of Norway He lik the time | Lieut hates inaction thing all plane pilot and mechanic to be doing Omdal He has been with Amundsen North Pole airplane expeditions, and is to go with i Byrd on the proposed South | Pole trip next Summer. He is in this country on two vears' leave from the \Nq\l’\\l‘;"l“ Navy so that he may | company the Byrd party on its next | venture. But Lieut.Omdal is not satis- | fied to sit idly until Byrd | starts, and has signed up for the nice her job” of piloting Mrs. plane \cross the ocean this Winter. s som is an air- on two Comdr. ac to aronnd warm w Frances Dawn With all due credit to Mrs. Grayson and the her ship, It wonld appear that Lieut. Omdal might hetter save his energies for the Byrd scientific expedition than to dissipat. them on what the world has coms tn look upan s a publicity attempt. Mrs. Grayson. with has al ready made three false starts in her heavily laden plane to span the Atlan- tic. Twice it was necessary to dump gasoline in a hurry to avoid forced | landings, and third time trouble developed some four hundred miles out, and the ship barely limped | back into port. | Furthermore, with all the difficulties attendant on an Atlantic flight, it seems almost suicidal to add the further obsthcle of bitter cold weather, when ice and sleet cling to the plane |and make an additional burden for | the engines to support. So, enterpris- ing and active as the young Nor- { wegian lieutenant may be, it certainly | appears to be the part of discretion to wait as patiently as possible for Comdr. Byrd to give the word for the start to the South Pole. M- Irish statesmen who think of bor- rowing a million dollars to start a newspaper can rely on a plentiful sup- | ply of editorial talent. A discreet and enterprising business manager may not be so easy to find. e Grayson's amphibian capabilities of another pilot, the motor A number of gentlemen who do not choose to be a candidate for the presi- dency show a certain constraint, ow- ing to the fact that they have not yet been seriously urged in the matter. e The public has at least admitted that old friend Santa Claus is a myth. There will be no necessity to take the matter up in a senatorial investiga- | tion. b ——a—— Writing the songs of a nation was classically regarded as an important responsibility. ~ Writing the school of a nation is now becoming a subject for some mental agitation. ———— As governor general of the Philip- pines former Secretary of War Stim- son will no doubt find opportunity to utilize the genial talents which served him so well in Washington, D. C. RS- SHOOTING STARS. | bool BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Foregathering. Everybody shakin' hands An’ sayin' howdydo! Lots o' music where the hands Will play the whole night through. Glad to greet each long-lost friend In a jovial style— Yet the gayety must end | 1n a little while, | Soon they'll talk of Senate rules Or of dry and wet; Call detective folk to To make people fret { How w~e’ll miss those happy bands, Whom joyously we Knew, | When every one was shakin’' hands | An’ sayin' howdydo! Poor But Happy. “You have heen coming to Washing: ton & great many years.” Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “And I have shown my love of coun- try in doing so.” “You mean fices?” 'Well, T don't exactly say a Gov- ernment is ungrateful, but it doesn't measure up to a big corporation in ixnak:nz up a liberal pay roll.” tools vou have made sacri- Colossal Salesmanship. | 014 santa is a good and generous elf. | In every window he asserts himself. One glance at him—your purse will { open fail! | He is the greatest salesman of them | all. Jud Tunkins says a man who is thirty-three of them heing of the mod- | thoroughly satisfled with himself is | | most generally right easy pleased. Compunetion. | "Did you have mince pie on Thanks- | giving?" | *Yes top. | “And T suppose you will have more | on Christma: “I don't think so. T have about decided it ain't right to adulterate g00d liquor with dough.” Uncle Bill Bottle- answered “He who forgets a favor.” said Hi Ho. the sage of Chinatown, “is liable to find that his business suffers be- cause he has mislaid a friend.” Leisurely Yuletide. This early shopping helps the fun. It pids us rest with duty done, And lets the postman, good and true, Enjoy a bit of Christmas, too. “De man dat brags 'hout what he's gineter do,"” said Uncle Eben, “is liable to be de same one dat’s 'splainin’ why he ala’ done nuffin’ yet.” £ G _STAR. WASHINGTON, |are no authentic records of their his- THIS AN Why = the strange syllable “aw universally used by mother to pre fix the call of their little ones? Aw, Janie!” shrieks Mother. stand- ing on the front steps, anxiously scan- ning the landscape. “Aw, Janie! Aw, Janie!” Now it would be far easier, and more productive of results, to bellow simply the little girl's nanie. va-a-anie!” There is a_cry that might over a whole neighborhood, able to inform Miss Jane, at no matter what | distance, that Mother wishes her home | instantly, or even quicker, if that is | possible. | Mother, however, seems to feel that | it wonld not meet the approval of the [ neizhbors if she thus called her child. "here seems to he some inner com- pulsion about the use of “aw’ that in- | one to delve into its origin, and subsequent use Notice the calls of the mothers. and |let 1= know if von ever hear one with- | lout the preliminary “aw." R hardly word fear resound trigues | history of the he a “awe telt contraction meaning for the Divine 1t can the good | reverential | Being. | Mother is not telling Johnnie that | he must be filled with awe, when she | calls from the back porch, | John-ceee!” Mrs. Templeton Jones, making the welkin ring for young Temp Jones, does not believe that there is anything particularly awful about herself, as she shouts ‘Aw, Junior?” There must be What can it be? After all, mothers are not so much linguistic students as practical users of the mother tongue. It is true that middle FEnglish had the forms, owen, awen, for our pr ent owe. The monosyllable “aw."” too, is given in some of the large diction aries as obsolete for “awe. Yet AMother does not hother busy and pretty head about that, but goes after results. She finds it help. ful to prefix son’s name with “aw. Again one asks why? Knowing womsn to he intensely practical, let us look in the direction of use. For all their love of nice things, women are horn utilitarians. They believe in cause and effect. They look to the consequences, keep their eye on the main chance, watch out for the sequel. It mother invariably chooses to pre- fix junior's correct first name by such a strange sound as “‘aw.” much in the same manner that we use that equaily queer term, “Mr.” hefore Dad- dy’s last name, then one is right in supposing that she must have some mighty good reason for it. | * % k% The real reason must be this That the preliminary exclamation is BACKGROUND “AW, some other reason her The Republic of Suomi has just| celebrated its tenth anniversary of | independence. To outsiders the name | “Finland” ‘s more familiar, but to natives “Suomi” is the legal and proper name. It is the most north- | ern republic in the world, and per- | haps the least known to the world. | Sometimes it is called “The Land of A Thousand Islands”; sometimes “The Land of a Thousand Lakes. Both names are forms of “emphasis by understatement,” for it contains ten thousand islands and ten thou- sand lakes, Its chief asset is iis scenery of mountains and valleys and its nightless Summers and da less Winters, It lies partly within the Arctic region, being inclosed be- tween the 60th and the 70th degrees of latitude—just as iz Alaska—one- third of it being within the Arctic, and its southern boundary being farther north than Sitka. 1t has a population of 3.366.507, and for 10 vears it has maintained its independence as a republic, rec- ognized by the allies of the World War, although its independence achieved only hy the aid of Ger- many. in the midst of the war. After the World War it retained its na tionhood against a civil war, hrought on by Russian Rolshevik leadership. Germany would have absorbed Suomi it Germany had won the kaiser's conquest of the world L The story of Suomi is that of cen turies of subordination to Sweden and of tyranny by Russia throughout the last century, and of almost incradible Aevelopment of consciousness of na- tionality, even while bearing the yoke | of hard taskmasters and oppressors. Suomi had never been an independent 1ation until she became one, December 6. 1917, when her population was prac- tically ‘as great as that of the United States of America at the time of our Declaration of Independenc: 2% % x Archeology declares that the region of Suomi bears proof that it has beer inhabited since 4.000 years B.C which coincides with some chronicles of the time when Adam and Eve left he Garden of Eden to earn their bread by the sweat of their brows. There tory prior to the twelfth century A.D., when King Eric of Sweden, ac- companied by an Englishman, Bishop Henry, of Uppsala. Sweden, at the in- stigation of the Pope, invaded that country for the purpose of converting the barbarians to Christianity. A cen- tury later, Sweden took over the con- trol of the whole peninsula. and found that the “harbarians,” for the most part, were Christians. Later, they all developed into Lutherans, with no my{ erance for Catholicism. Swedes were all free men and they recognized individual freedom for the Finns, Sweden and Russia fought sev. eral wars, and as Finland lay between the two enemies. its territory was fre- quently ravished by battles in which the Finns were not especially inter- ested, except that many of them fought loyally for Sweden. x ok Bk Tn February, 1808, the Russians, be- ing again at war with Sweden, fought a battle at Cravais, Finland, defeating the Swedish-Finnish forces, and, as a result, Finland was taken from Swe- den and attached to Russia. How- |ever, Czar Alexander I w wise | enough to know the limits of his | power to suhdue the Finns into com- plete subjection to Russia, so, instead of absorbing the conquered territory as a part of Russia, he announced that it should retain its autonomy in local government, with himself as Grand| Duke of Finland, as well as Emperor | or Lzar of Russia. Finland had been made a duchy of | Sweden in the sixteenth century, with | John, the son of Gustavus Vasa, asi first grand duke. When Alexander I, Czar of Russia, announced himself the Grand Duke of Finland, he was not disturbing Finland's fundamental laws. The grand dukedom had been similarly attached to the Swedish| throne for 300 years. The Czar-Grand Duke Al turther pledged to the Finns: “Providence having placed us in possession of the Grand Duchy of Fin- land, we have desired by the present act to confirm and ratify the religion and fundamental laws of the land, as} well a8 the privileges and rights which | each class in the said grand duch in particular, and all the inhabitants in general, be their position high orl low, have hitherto enjoyed under the constitution. We promise to main- tain all these benefits and laws firm and unbroken in their full force.” * & ¥ % Thus the autocrat of all the Russias became the lmited grand duke of lexander e 0 | eatile | aiming to ring the bell of memory BY PAUL V. D THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. tantamount to the ‘“one to mak ready,” which sonny uses hefore he e claims wo to go— and jumps. “Aw" gives Mother a vocal starting point. It acts as a sort of modified spring- ing board which catapults “Janie” or “Mary” or “Johnnie” into the ether with crushing effect. Restricted to mere Mother feels the resistance of the itmosphere. She has heard how much air pressure amounts to, and feels her utter weakness to impinge upon much crude weight Poor Mother! How must submit to the gui Daddy as he helps her (to make a good impression on the naighbors), when all the time she is strong enough to toss Daddy from one side of the street to the other Maother, with womanly intuition enses the ridiculous situation she puts herselt into when she suddenly emerges in her neat house dress call the cattle home, John. and eall the cattle home, John, and call the home, John, across the sinds “Janiececeae!" derly she g arm of up the curb of Dee. Think of the humiliation blurting out suddenly to the world “Sam-u-ellNN" She wants to let the community down easy She will give it a preliminary blast as it were, a vocal harbinger, a herald of what 0 she clamation of is coming ‘winds up” with the good ex “aw!” PEEE Tet no misguided snippishly assert that what mother really uses is M. Mother knows better. “Oh' is too mueh like in the use which Junior U master No, mother used “aw” and She uses it with to “Susie 0, of is pe uses “aw, always will use awe. almost pitch “Johnnie’ into the clear \lways has "W as she gels ready Mahel” or mosphere of the dusk Mothe or with lower pitch syvllable reserves as hefitting such universal curr Aw" issues from Mother's lips sweetly, gently, like the Pennsylvania Limited slippinz out of Union Station for Pittsburgh and points West. Mother reserves big_train, the c and consonants which name of the best boy world Afte Mother ney. her steam for the mbination vowels pell for her tha or girl in the “aw" seeps through the ether vaises her head, opens her mouth wide, in an excellent imitatio of a grand opera soprano taking high note, and lets the waiting world have it full in the ear “Jaa-a-a-nie! It rings through the streets, ove the houses, into homes, seekins searching, probing for two small ears to flash on the board the fateful words “Dinner is read OF EVENTS COLLINS. the Sweden. a_ limited conquered territory taken from Misliberality in setting up constitutional government alongside of the unlimited monarchy of Russia was destined to rankle in the hearts of his successors, but Alex ander retained his good faith through out his reign. Later governments of Russia sought to override Alexander’s pledge and absorb Finland into Rus. ia as a province to be ruled by Rus- sian autocrats. The nineteenth century was a bitter experience for the Finns in_con quence of the efforts of the Russian aristocrats. Throughout the nine- teenth century the successive (z Grand Dukes ruled Finland, without once calling into session the Finnish Diet, from 1808 until 1863. Then it { was only for the purpose of amending the constitution so as to sive more arbitrary power to the Russian throne. All through the years the Russian pol- fey was to suppress nationalism among the Finns and absorb them into Russia, but such a course was firmly resisted. That resistance was led by a patriot named Arvidsen, whose declaration became the key 1o Finnish patriotism: “Swedish we are not: Russians we do not want to be come; therefore we must he Finnish.” Finland, the constitutional grand duchy, prospered far more than did the Czar's empire, Russia, and the Russian advisers of the throme in duced the Czar, Nicholas II. in 1899 | to =uspend the constitution and send a Russian governor general, Bobrikoff, to rule Finland Gen. Bobrikoff was assassinated in 1904 by a young Finn, Eugen Schau- man, who immediately committed sui- cide. Other assassinations of Finnish oppressors followed in 1905. Still the Russification policy was supported in St. Petersburg, and the Finnish resist- ance grew more and more desperate, together with her appeals to all civili- zation for moral aid against tyranny. * ¥ X X When Nicholas 1T was dethroned hy Kerensky he ceased 1o be, de fac, the Grand Duke of Finland, and the Finns thereupon_ refused to recognize any Russian authority as his succes- sor. In May, 1917, the Finnish Diet adopted a_resolution of independence from St. Petershurg’s control, and on December 6, 1917, a complete’ dec tion of independence was adopte tained by German arms against Rus- sia, which was followed by the four months of civil war. So grateful were the Finns for the German aid against Russia that they invited Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-inlaw of Kaiser Wil- helm, 'to hecome King of Finland, al- though they had originally (1917) adopted a ' republican ~ constitution. This act led to the withdrawal of rec. ognition by the allies and to the stop-: page of delivery of a great cargo of wheat from the United States, pur- chased and paid for. to feed starving Finns, whose supplies from Russia had ceased. A terrible famine ensued during and following the civil war. That war was hrought on by Russian reds, seeking to spread holshevism, but with the aid of Germany the reds were defeated, and by the aid of the allies Germany’s scheme to fake pos- session of Finland was also defeated, s0 that Frederick Charles never be came the King of Finland. Tt is the December, 1917, declara- tion of independence and the estab- lishment of the republic which have | just been commemorated. During the decade the Finnish republic has been in peace and prosperity. It hoasts of a greater development of co-operative enterprises than exists anywhere else in the world (Convright 1927 by Pau) V. o He Will Be Excused. From the Reno Eveninz Gazette. It was right for the controller gen- eral tell the Secretary of War during the Mississippl flood relief measures that there was no authority to divert two millions of dollars from unallotted river and harbor funds It was equally right for the Secre- tary, since there was such urgent de- mand for the money, to cut the offi- cial red tape in an. v he could de- vise. His annual report to the Presi- denf shows that it was done by checking the §2,000,000 against Mis- sissippi_navigation, Nobody will find fault with Secre- tary Davis of the War Department for his action. There are times when it is the duty of an official to act quic Iy on his own responsibility, and this was one of them. It will be recalled that similar steps had to he taken at the time of the San Franciscu earthquake and five to provide funds Colline.) to THURSDAY, DECEMBER al | we 15, 1927. PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK The least practical thing about the American university is the practical courses it gives | T have just talked with the father of |a son who is slated for a business oo, He doubts the wisdom of | sending the son to a university for training in Its school of commerc “Why, I've had graduates of schools | of commerce come into my business, he said, “who couldn't manipulate a comptometer. Their heads were full of a lot of impractical economic bunk but they had learned nothing prac tical Wouldn't they have been better off it they had plunged immediately into busine B Tere is the great American illusion —that early and excinsive special; i tion in the mastery of practical tech niques makes practical men. 1 call to the witness stand the dis- tinguished English Prof. Karl Pearson. whose a8 Sin: gularly free from romantic about education. “I have heen en A for 16 vears helping tra he and those of my old pupils who are now comi to the front in life are not those who stuck to facts and formulae, and only for what they thought would be ‘ugeful to them in_their profession. “On the contrary, the lads who paid attention to method, who thought more of proofs than of formulae, who accepted even the specialized branches of their training as a means of de- veloping habits of observation rather than of collecting ‘useful facts'—the: lads have developed. into men who are succeeding in life. “And the reason of this | me. when considéring their individual | cases, to be that they could adapt | themselves to an environment more | or less different from that of the exist- ing profession; they could go bevond its procedures, its formulae and its fact< and develop new ones. “Their knowled of method and their powers of ohservation enabled » supply new needs 11 when there was 1 knowledge, but for seientist mind w ag [ | engineer | =aid, seems to | them to the « 2 demand | not for « "he of technical edi tion the nation ought to trouble about 1s teaching people “What we want are trained brains, scouts in all fields, and not a knowl- only sort into wider range of untrained minds.” It we want onr effective in pract leave colle we must make our liberal education { more real, rather than coaching our | sons from the start in the manipula- | tion of comptometers. | (Cosright. McClure Newspaper Syndi | i [Presidency Is Called Office Managership To the Editor of The Star: The American people have a wrong conception of the office and duties of the President. Instead of appointing {to the exalted office of the presidency {men who would be real rulers, leaders 1and shepherds of the people, we ap- point men who are and can be little more than glorified general office man- agers. One may capitalize the words and write them down “General Office Managers,” but that makes little dif- | ference as regards the office. | A general manager of a small or a | larze office has a ranking superior; and while a President of the United States has no ranking superfor, the very nature of the multifarious petty details and small practical business matters that Presidents now attend to, and the time that they spend upon this petty routine work, prevent them from concentrating their attention upon weighty problems of policy and action. As a consequence, some other man, or men who have morg time and leisure to devote to a thought- ful consideration of the problems that confront the country, and whose thought and study fit them to grapple with_such problems, step in and rob sur Presidents of the glory that should be theirs. One way to change this state of af- fairs ix to elect Presidents capacity and strength of mind would be great enough (o enable them to cut through the Gordian knot of red tape and detail, and who would, perforce. take time for that study, thoukht and meditation that Presidents must en gage in if they would make wise and just decisions. If such heroic action on ihe part of Presidents would be re- garded as a usurpation of power or au- thority, then a Federal commission, or perhaps an unofficial commission of men. should be formed—men who would have no partisan prejudices, who would set about to devise ways and means to free our Presidents from petty detailed work and red tape. A President should not be like a lumberjack who does the actual work of cutting down timber and hauling logs. He should be the timber cruiser who surveys a stand of timber, the man who determines what timber shall he cut and what left standing. A President should he a thinker. a scholar, a man of books as well as of experience of life. A practical states- man. no matter how trained and ex- pert he may be, is not fit to lead a great people if he does not love books. Such a statesman has no survey of the past, no knowledge of life as a whole, no broad philosophy of life, no_settled policy, no mature wisdom and theught to enable him to take the right steps and measures in any and every matter affecting the welfare of the neople A President should have these three areat qualities: 1. The ability to read character; to know whether a man he cood or evil, wise oc foolish, well informed or ill informed; 2, the abili- ty to devise wise policies in relation to the welfare of the people the ability to know the right road to take when two roads are bafore him and ho must take one of them. Abilities like these are of more value to a President than a knowledge of tariff schedules, finances and parliamentary procedure. Above all, our Presidents should he good men—men of moral in- tegrity like President Coolidge. CHARLES HOOPER. Coeur d’Alene, Tdaho, December 7, 1 ——om——— aming of Boulevard For Lindbergh Favored To the Editor of The Star: have bestowed praise and un- stinted applanse on our great hero, Col. Lindbergh. He is acclaimed the greatest discoverer since the time of | Columbus, Col. Lindbergh is coverer, but exempli gratia in dar ing_and courage—unlike Columbus, he flew into the inky darkness—just “We" between the clouds with the heavens ahove and the mighty ocedn beneath, cleared thousands of miles alone! The potentates of urope, quick to | note the moral courage and stoic | character, tempered with modest ap- preciation of the great value rendered his country, lavishly, enthusiastically acknowledged our hero youth and heralded to the world the fact that sentiment and love for the beautiful are honored and lauded the same as of yore. As a fitting testimonial T feel Wash ington, as the Capital of these United tates, could immortalize our hero, Col. Lindbergh, by naming the new boulevard about to be constructed | from the Union Station through the Capitol grounds, “Lindhergh Le Triomphal.” ~ H. M. O'CONNELL. Pl ARG Good-by, Lid! From the Dallas News to he more action after they es and ate.) not only a dis- ense to answer | trained | to see and think. | edge of facts and processes crammed | universities, | whose | | matter of candidates where the con. | vention: the keynote of D What was code”—E. Let fi fall.” Q. Justin| 7 | heavens Q. Ts the use of paint in building | bird houses ohjectionable?’—H. F. A Where a rustic finish is not sought, paint i3 unebjectionable and greatly enhances the weathering qual- ties of bird houses. Such tones as brown, gray, or dull green are gener ally be preferred. Martin houses and others that are placed in exposed situations, however., may L painted white to reflect heat '\ | | 1 Where in England is the church known as the “Round Church €. M. L | pulchre, a church in Car n {1ana, commonly _called Rour Church, Tt is a Norman building dat from 1101, Tt is the oldest of the cireular churches gland to St ige probabl So | four surviving i | B o cotton? How can one tell wool k, and P.B W A Wool and silk ar e cotton is a vegetable fiber lon ix artificially manufactured of the simples tests to distinguish ar mal from vegetable fiber is to burn a small portion of the material. If a charred bead remains at the burned end and if there is given off an odor | similar to that of burning hair, there |is animal fiber present. Animal fibers are much more soluble in alkaline s lutions than are vegetable fibers. Con- sequently a boiling solution. made of parts of caustic soda or lye in 100 parts of water, will completely dis | solve all wool and silk in a few min- ute leaving behind cotton or other vegetable fiber. Artificial silk may be of vegetable origin and can be dis nguished from the natural silk either v burni the caustic soda test just & animal fibe test or by describes From what is buttermilk made D. 1 Strictly riet Q A the mildly ules of churned i Ruttermilk buttermilk is after the fat speaking acid Tiquid left milk or cream to butter and removed however, is also manufac- tured by ripening pasteurized skim milk with lactic acid ecnltures and then so stirring the curd that it | broken up into fine particles, just as by churning What Cuban industry imporiance in the island? E The tobacco indus! is of sec A. | Q ond BY A the or- in New | @ How many men are in chestra at the Roxy Theater York?—T. D. P. A. There are 110 musicians in this orchestra. | | Q. Did Nevin have a_different name ?— A. Ethelbert Nevin's “Rosary” |bears on the manuscript the title, | “Love’s Rosary.” It wa decided upon publication to call the composition “The Ros: 5 Q. How bring into H. A. R A. Each person arriving from Cuba | may bring in, duty free, 50 cigars or 300 cigarettes, Q Rosary’ originally L G B much tobacco the States from may one Cuba?— Do students teach in the Har- the | tice be done though the | have heen | is | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. vard Graduate —S. A H A. Apprentice training has alwavs hien a part of the cou tne School of Education Jut a new plan h operation with the placing students as apprentice Places will be found to meet ual needs of students who ha training in all departments of o tion work | @ was electric lamps’~ A. Cotton batting carbon was used as f lectric lamps. silk served the s School of Educatiog> Harv put s just beer hac How 7 B N. F ned lamer Bamhoo, Q. Are animals o ever affected with rab A. Horses, sheep chickens and an wolves, foxes contract mals of prey badgers and rabies d be rabid animals larly to rabid when a ave q Who was the Man of F A. This a | English Puritans t Q. Are Rotary foreign countries?— A. Rotary Clubs e lished in 42 countries ¢ In 1927 the clubs Q. How tall wis a name F f th is Al h -| does he weigh?—F. « | A Gov. Smith is 5 feet 7 and weighs 165 pounds Q. Are dolls with li hair preferred by children’—rF A. Four times as many dar dolls are sold. Many of the d have bobbed ha Q. How long has the chin, bit been known in America A. The chinchilla rabbi paratively recent origin and appearance first in Franece in England. About 1315 the hree brought to America, where | come increasingly popular and vigorous, it develops rapidls birth to maturity, and can be breq | successfully in aimost any climate | Although attractive and exhibited ex tensively as a show animal, the chin. chilla is essentially a utility rabbit | and is raised primarily for meat an | tur. I was Hardy from | @ What is Hero's Fount A. This is a pneumatic appafatus, named for its inventor, Hero of Alex- | andria, in which a vertical jet of | water is produced by the pressure of | condensed air. | | a | celsis How long has “Gloria in Ex- " been sung’—L. S | "A. It is one of the oldest Christian | doxologies, Eastern in origin and in | use for more than 1.500 years. Did you ever write a letter to Fred- eric J. Haskin? You can ask him any | question of fact and get the ansier in a personal letter. Here is a great edu- cational idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent people in the world—American newspaper readers It is a part of that best purpose of @ newspaper—service. There is no charge cxcept 2 cents in stamps for yeturn postage. Address Frederic J. Haskin, | director, The Evening Star Informa- | tion Bureau, Washington, D. €. Compromise Se The selection of Kansas City for the 1928 national convention of the Repub- lican party is accepted by the country at large as a comprom cities of four great sections seeking | the honor and as a gesture of friend liness to the Corn Belt. | “One who would discover any con- siderable strategic advantage to any candidate, avowed or prospective, or to | any faction or bloc within the part; | itself in the decision to hold the con- vention in that city” must search in vain, according to the Christian Sci- enca Monitor (independent). “There is seen in the selection, howevar, a \l'vmsielvnt recognition of the increas- inz political strength of the party in the Middle West, although national conventions have frequently been held in cities beyond the Mississippi. But it is realized, as a study of the history of past gatherings of the kind shows, that the fortunes of aspirants for hon- ors at the hands of national conven tions seldom, if ever, are dependent unon_ the location of the convention city.” The Chicago Tribune (Republican) thinks “Kansas City appealed to the committeemen as having political ex- pediency,” and adds: “The party wishes to reveal the warmth of its heart for the Midwest, and Kansas City can hardly do less than respond with the warmth of the Missouri bot- tom lands.’ The Canton Daily News (independent Democratic) sees “a pleas ant smile for the farmer,” and the Fort Worth Record-Telegram (Demo cratic remarks: “When the shot struck Kansas City it was not at all because it was the farget. It merely happened to be close to the ‘bull'seye’ of the Middle West.” The Kalamazoo Ga- zette (independent), with a similar point of view, adds that “on the whole Kansas City should prove advanta- geous from a geographical as well as a political standpoini “While the choice may be a little disappointing to Far Westerners,” suggests the Salt TLake Deseret News (independent), “it will not be more <o to them than to those in the far East. The selection from a sectional viewpoint seems to he the nature of a compromise and will probably prove to be quite agree- able all round.” * % k¥ The Utica Observer-Dispatch (inde- pendent) observes: “As for political or advantages, there really doesn't to be any choice whatever Cities are jealous of each other and they seek the honor, the advertising. the distinction of being chosen as mieeting places. Hence they make a great fuss and talk rather loosely | about what will be done if they ave | | ‘turned down’ in the struggle for| choice. But that is about all it} amounts to." ““The bid for Western good will made by selecting Kansas City,” in opinion of the Fort Wayne Gazette (Demoeratic) “may or may not | be realized. That will depend aimost wholly upon what may be done ahout farm relief this session of Congres The Rytte Daily Post (Republic thus states Montana's view: choice was made as the finish of a te. lious contention in which a good many | cities were in rivalry. Montana's Re- publicans were passive; as soon Kan. | sas City as San Franci as far as) they are concerned, except that this State’s delegates must see to it that they are equipped with the thinnest | of Summer clothes for convention-hall uses in middle July in the Missouri city “It may makes the well be doubted that it, ightest difference in the| s are held,” says the Charles- ton ening Post (independent Dem- ocratic), although this paper thinks it possible that the selection of Kan- sas City “may be to the disadvantage of Mr. Hoover.” The Beloit Daily Vews (Republican) also holds that, 'a California convention might have had interesting effects on the can- didacy of Herbert Hoover of that State, who, with former Gov. Lowden and Vice President Dawes of Illinois, Our view is that if Chicago should until Congress could authorize the use of public money. ever put the lid on, it would be good- by, ldl e among the | in | | members en in Choice gathering next year in the center of the Western agricultural region may or may not give a definite advantage to the embattled corn-belters. More probably merely crossing the Miss! sippi_will mean no drastic crossing of tne Rubicon for the party platform and ticket.” * kK % Tt is agreed by the San Franaisen Bulletin (Republican) that “Kansas City had the pull as a farming center |at a time when both Republicans and | Democrats were making plans for cap- | turing the farming vote.” and"the Bul- letin _ wishes “good luck to Kansas City.” Of Philadelphia’'s loss, the Evening Bulletin of that city (in dependent Republican) suggests: “I° is inevitable that the Republican p: in the next campaign will be chat | with the onus of Smith-Vare campaig’ fund scandals, and the national mittee is not seeking avoidabl trouble.” The attitude of San Antonio made a bid for the convention. is pre sented by the San Antoniv Express (independent Democratic), which says “The choice evidently was a compro mise among the sections, althouzh the West was favored from the outset as against the East (represented by Phila delphia) and the South (for which San Antonio was a bidder). Party feaders today recognize the West's importance in a presidential campaign. h it took the reversal of the verdict which the East had rendered in 1916 to im- |p his lesson upon the political m “Such advantages as having the convention in a favor atmosphere,” says the St. Paul P Press, “will be with the Weastern d gates in their efforts to ndidate satisfactory to them | write a platform which does to the important claims of ag | The importance of not have forgotten the farmer no doubt one of the considerations which | inclined the national committ to t selection of Kansas Citv.” The Wich ita Beacon adds that “It was time t | recognize the Middle West and the | psychological opportunity was p | Iy and cleverly seized by Kansas ( | The Omaha World-Herald { pendent) suggests: “With the Repub- | lican party looking westward, let it | see a resoiute West, courageous sisting upon its equal rights then can we hope for any gain to | from the westward look. “A debt of gratitude to the ers of the Republican committee” is acknowledged Kansas (it Journal (F l which states that “‘the victor sas City after the long fight considerable degree due to the whicl there mee d to Iture. 1 in in onl m& nationa by the slican). of Kan UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Yeo Agzo Today War Department announces plan to spend $90,000,000 to build explosive plants to supplement output of Pr vate firms. * * * Gen. Pershing ar ranges for soldiers’ graves. Resis tration service is organized and land for cemeteries, given by France. IS plotted. * ¢ = Eplistments close in Regular Army for draft-age men With a total of 337,247 men obtained. 153, 349 more than war strength. * * Secretary Baker announces the forma tion of a Military War Council to be composed of the Secretary of War and his assistant and five high ranking of- ficers of the Regular Army. Will devote itself to problems of supply for American forces in the fleld and may also act as a sort of supergeneral staff in matters of stratesy. * * * Col. House and members of the American Mission arrive secretly and unexpectedly on _transport at an American port. Claim complete Suc- cess of Mission's work for co-ordina- tion, but decline to comment on any military or maval matter. * * * T tal- now looms as a leading candidate for the nomination.” The News, how- ever, adds that “holding the party e lans holding firmly on their northern battle line against 1,200,000 Austro. Germans. Austrian losses are heavy, ’ Of City for G. O. P. Convention ' s il