Evening Star Newspaper, August 11, 1927, Page 8

- THE EVENING STAR ~With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY . .. .. August 11, 1927 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Offlce: ant Pennavivania Ave New York Offie: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Ofice. Tower Building. European Office; 14 Regent St. London Eneland 11th St with the Sanday morn. | " sents e by ered by carriers with month: daily o rdave nt by m on is made Sun nday or All Othe and Sun Sun A.\\‘ i Daiv Daily Member of the Associated Press. sively entit a © 5 hersin are alen reser: Reprieve. r's grant Van- 1S action to a he regarded belief in tl weakening of his e law eir execu cetned adverse to the rs’ counsel for Iy scored the de- clemency he seve: lays that have occurred in the course | But in th present he contributes to another delay, for a reason that transcends all other consideratio As tom in last-m! have been made 10 the of execition and for veview. That is the rigat of legal repre- 3 d the 1 court to intervene, and have been fdenied on the ground of lack of Jjurisdiction They have sought from of the State Supreme Cou of error and he has denied them. They have asked fur- ther for a bill of exceptions to that decision to permit an appeal to the full bench of the court. Judge San- derson took the application under adv thus delaying decision until today. Had Gov. Fuller not granted re- prieve to permit the completion of | the final effort to secure reconsidera- | tion of the case by the State Supreme | Court, in full bench, he would have been in a position of refusing the final chance through the law for these men to secure another hearing. He would have strengthened the criticism now being aimed at the Judiclary and the executive of the State. ¥e would have intensified the bitterness felt by supporters of or sympathizers with Sacto and Van- zetti. 'The reprieve granted to the con- demned men to permit the fullest possible measure of appeal does not necessarily increase their chances of escape from death. The State Su- preme Court has already passed upon this case and there is no reason whatever to expect it to reverse itself upon a hearing by the full bench of the motion already denied by Judge | Sanderson for a writ of error. To the lay mind these are con- fusing motions in a case already extremely complicated. But they reduce to a simple formula after all. The claim of newly discovered evi- dence may always be made in a capital case as the basis of applica- tion for a rehearing. The fact that this so-called new evidence is trifling or inconclusive, which is a question for the courts alone to determine, does not lessen the right or the duty of the legal representatives of ac- cused men to exhaust every possi- bility of succor. It is the court’s duty on its side to consider these claims and to pass upon them in the light of all that has passed, the full record of the case, and it is the duty of the State’s executive to permit the final exhaustion of every chance for re- consideration or-retrial. It Sacco and Vanzettl are to go to their death upon the expiration of the present reprieve no harm will have been done by the delay. On the contrary, that delay will have demonstrated that no legal rights of the trial and appeals is such cases courts for stay their ts W ved. | ! | advantage of present conditions to re- York and New York needs no help. After a hectic afternoon behind the plate Mr. Rowland was greeted by a shower of paper cups, a few pop bot- tles, and one outraged fan tried to hit |him with a straw hat. He left the ball park to the hoots of an angry mob and accompanied by a detail of Tle probably slept fitfully last night, menaced in his dreams by de- | moniacal boos and groans. | se ball fan belleves Mr. Row- d deliberately in his deci- It was “one of those days.” : of the crowd yesterday who | | would ¢ have torn him limb from limb sitting “at their desks | today cowering under the eyes of the he The belligerent fellow of yes- terday afternoon who screamed | “Dirty cur!” and threw away his straw hat his rage, in all probability sneaked home last night and mum- | ed incoherent apologies for having | kept dinner waiting, explaining that | hat blew off in the street car and | {he was delayed in trying to find it.| The mob le of ¥ will be | found today wrapping up packages of lettuce and picl for the rocery customers and wilting under | |the lashing tongue of the lady who | accuses him of having given her short potatoes last week. 11 elevates the coward and ikes of him a bloodthirsty warrior. Rase bail d an inferiority | mplex and s for a few| iiden hours, a raucous voice and a | toned bellow. Such is base ball. | | The only good thing that can be said | about vesterday's mob demonstration is the fact that it will lack the cus- [tomary explanation. Certainly it can- {not be “blamed by police on the ac- tivities of Sacco-Vanzetti sympa- thizers. police. And thos ar of in der rday cc a —.—t Paying the Public Debt. Reduction of the public debt since | the Republican administration into power after the war has resulted | |in an annual saving of $200,000,000. | Refinancing at lower rates of interest | has brought about an additional sav- ing of $60,000,000. Undersecretary of | the Treasury Ogden Mills, speaking at the Institute of Public Affairs of the University of Virginia, laid par- ticular emphasis upon these reduc- tions in the tax burdens of the Amer- ican people—reductions made possible through the wise procedure of paying debts, The time to pay debts, either for a nation or for an individual, is when the money is in hand. The present administration has held firmly to this policy, although at the same time taking a lead in the matter of tax re- duction. Efforts have been made to stampede the administration into im- mediate and more drastic tax cuts, but President Coolidge and Secretary Mellon have kept their feet success- fully on the ground in this matter. Federal taxes have been lowered un- ‘til they are no longer an excessive burden. Millions of smaller incomes have been exempted from taxation, or the tax upon them so lowered as to be almost negligible. There have been signs recently that insistent demands will be made at the next Congress for large reductions in the tax rates. Some of the Democrats may seek to out-Coolidge Coolidge in slashing taxes. Certain business in- terests, more selfish in their demands came {than far-seeing for the country, are|, intent also upon taking the fullest duce taxes. The public debt, still running into many billions of dollars, is being paid with astonishing rapidity through the financial administration of the Gov- ernment.” It is being paid at a time when the country has been enormously prosperous. It is being paid by the wealth of the country, and properly so. Mr. Mills disclosed in his Char- lottesville addresses the plans for the retirement of the second Liberty loan bonds, amounting to $1,276,000,000. These bonds are to be retired by No- vember 15 through funds obtained from the sale of obligations which will be made to mature on future quarterly tax payment dates. The whole program looks to the actual re- payment of the loan and also to the substitution of obligations bearing a lower rate of interest for part of the bonds. President Coolidge has been ac- cused by the Democrats in the past of thholding tax reductions, which might have been made immediately, until. the eve of an election, so that he and his party might benefit at the have been denied them. Another re- prieve, assuming the negative acuoni of the State Supreme Court upon the | pending motion, is not to be expected. ; It is indeed, in view of all the facts, | tmprobable. | ———e-- | Admirers are hopeful that Lind-| bergh will make enough from his ook | to pay for storage for all the presents | he has received. ————— “One of Those Days.” Umpire Rowland had “one of those | days” vyesterday. Everybody them. In the case of the private in dividual “one of those daya" begins and sses with failure of the alarm k to go off, tepld coff burnt toast, crowded street cars, rival at the office coincident with the discovery that keys and pocketbook have Leen left at home, a runin with the boss, a set-to with the stenog pher, impudence from the office boy and return home in the evening to receive news from headquarters that the cook left in a huff and the children have broken the parlor lamp and punched holes'in the screen door. Umpire Rowland's vesterday was even more tragic. If he called ball a strike there were cries for his blood from the fans and rough, couth remarks from the ball pl If he called a ball were more insistent demands for h carcass from the fans and low, pain- ful howls of anguish from the play- ers. He banished two Washington players from the game. He refused | the estimable Mr. Bluege —a quiet, | prog ar e a strike there has | un. | polls. This was their plaint at the last session of Congress, when the ad- ministration wisely refrained from lowering tax rates until it should have fuller information regarding the oper- ation of the tax law of 1926, Now that Mr. Coolidge has withdrawn himself from the presidential race in 1928, this line of attack upon him falls to the | ground. He cannot be accused of ipm;-mg personal politics in this mat- |ter by the widest stretch of the im- { agination, —————————— | Many literary critics have not ex- | pressed high admiration for the poetic {,,u:.my of Kipling's verses entitled { “If.” Nevertheless, the present s @ | time when many men concerned in | public affairs may do well to study, them carefully and take them to heart. e Sacco-Vanzetti Hysteria. | Tn the cco-Vanzetti excitement | manifest in this country and abroad | there is an clement of hysteria which | must be taken into account in judsing lof the seriousness of the protest against the condemnation and execu- tion of the prisoners. Probably not {one in a thousand in the crowds that | have gathered for demonstrations has 1 the story of the case or has le himselt acquainted with the erits of the question that is being 5o wldely discussed. The reports of { the proceedings printed in the prole- tarlat papers are all that many of |them have seen. These reports are, of course, highly colored, prejudiced and misleading. Speakers at demon- Te m: THE EVENING pertaining to organized government. In Chicago yesterday a girl of six- teen led a mob in a manifestation of hostility and precipitated a riot, which, fortunately, was suppressed before damage was done. She declared her- self to be an anarchist and the daugh- ter of an anarchist. A flaming figure of dissent, she swayed the passions of the crowd by her intrepldity. It may be asked what conceivable knowledge of the real merits of the Sacco-Van- zettl matter this child could have had. With an ancestry of anarchism, she was simply a firebrand without rea- son, and the mob responded to her as does the tinder to the flame of a match. 1t does not argue that there is deep- seated discontent with social condi- tions prevalent in the United States because a few thousand in the large centers of population can be swayed in this manner by hot-headed or coldly calculating agitators. Agamst the comparative few who rage and storm in “demonstration” are hundreds of thousands—millions, indeed—of sober- minded people who, whether they reason out or not, are satisfied that justice prevails; who, if they are dis- contented with the proceedings of jus- tice, are critics of its failure to meet the needs of society in safeguarding it against crime and violence and rad- fcalism. Hysteria, a factor in any state or community. It It did so in France nearly a hundred and forty years ago. It has done so on other occasions. when nations have been shaken and society has deeply But there were real grievances at those times and there Is no real griev- ance now. It is, for example, no grievance to the people of London or s or of Moscow that American processes are operating for- mally and normally to the end of the execution of two men accused of crime and convicted after a protracted trial and the fullest possible chance to prove their innocence. A false issue has been raised, an issue that ill be perhaps productive of r.uch disorder and maybe at some time a conflict, but the outcome cannot be doubted. Government will be sus- tained and the law justified despite the clamors of those who are now seeking to utilize this affair as a means to the end of a proletarian rev- olution. however, is « may cause trouble. been ) Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney will endeavor to hate each other as much as possible, in spite of the fact that the terms of a prizefight look more or less like a gentlemen's agrde- ment. N If the Anti-Cigarette League retains any influence it may contribute some support to Mr. Dawes, in view of his custom of appearing in public with a pipe. ——————— President Coolidge wears his new “war bonnet” with serene dignity and permits no inference that he is going on the warpath in connection with a candidacy. s e In addition to being a recognized center of culture, Boston retains a great deal of prestige as a trouble starter. —— et The phrase “I do not choose” has released to public attention a number of distinguished statesmen who are perfectly willing to be chosen. - Apparently any political importance retained by Trotsky depends on recol- lection of the fact that he was once associated with Lenin —————— Cynical opinions may doubt whether Mr. Tex Rickard owes his pecuniary success to his pugilists as much as to his ad writers. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Prophecy and Procrastination. Friend Katydid! Friend Katydid! You bring a promise gay That Summer stress will be forbid— So, wherefore the delay? Of fruits that hang upon the tree, Though blossoms fade away; Of these you tell in rhythmic glee. But, wherefore the delay? Friend Katydid, your tunes are rare, Kind words they strive to say E Of frost that soon must touch the alr— But, wherefore the delay? Situation and Job. “What do you think of the political situation?” “Iam concerned about it,” answered Senator Sorghum. “But I am even more concerned about my own politi- cal job.” Choosing. About your record all men will en- thuse. Your reputation—none will dare to play with it, If you can simply say, “I do not choose,” And, having made the statement, get away with it. Jud Tunkins v§ & man who abso- lutely refuses to take advice is very foolish, "specially if his wife is the one who is giving it. “Some traditions,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “are like our an- clent eggs. The longer they are pre- served, the less acceptable they be- come.” Honest Preference. “I don’t pretend to know much about art,” said the lady who remem- bers something and thinks she origi- nated ft, “but I know what T like.” “I'm that way, too,’ sald Miss Cayenne. “And I'm frank enough to say that at an artistic reception the things I really like are chicken salad, ice cream and fudge.” Superabundance. In Summer, as in hope we dream ‘STAR, ingerous | disturbed. | Jim the pup had forméd the bad habit of chasing automobiles. Once a dog gets the taste for this dangerous sport, there can buv but one ‘end to it—sooner or later inthe morn- ing, afternoon or evening, a car will get him. It is a game no dog should play, because the cards are stacked against him from the beginning. But how was Jim to krow that? He was just a little yellow dog, happy, friendly, frisky, who somehow got the idea that it was great fun to chase after the cars that sped along his block. He did not know that speed, as gen- erated by gasoline engines, mounted on four rolling wheels, is utterly out- side the knowledge of the canine race. Dogs grew up side by side with men when a horse, or several horses hitched to a chariot, wos the fastest thing known. A dog today is still (hinking in speed terms of thousands of years ago when he chases after an auto- mobile, running sideways. curving his neck and barking at the peak of his lungs. He is enjoying himself, but he is dancing on the brink of oblivion. He thinks he is chasing a bear or some- thing which does not dare to turn and devour him. This monster, however, has but to swerve its near wheel ever so slightly to cut him down forever. * el It was so with Jim. Late one afternoon he was playing on the sidewalk, his bright eyes on the lookout for cars. Every effort had been made to break him of the habit. but without avail. Jim insisted on | chasing them. A car came along at a good speed making the small dog stretch his legs to their utmost to keep up with it. Frantically he barked, curving his head almost beneath the right front wheel. Then it happened. Just how ft oe- curred no one knew, but when the car had passed there was poor Jim Iying inert in the street. He had not uttered a sound, efther as the car struck him or as it sped away without lts occupants so much as_looking back. He lay there in the dusty concrete strect, his bark stilled forever, his legs outstretched, his chest and shoul- der crushed, his head thrown back. They gathered around him and felt for his heart, but it was not heating. Jim, the friendly little fellow, was gone. All that lay there was some- thing that could be taken up by its legs, like a sack of meal, and carted off. Jim, the friend, had gone away. ¥ oW | Only a week or so earlier a lady had knocked down and killed another dog in the neighborhood. This dog, according to reports, had dashed out between parked cars and had run squarely into the vehicle. The woman, jumping out of her car before it had stopped, left the door swinging wide and ran over to the dog. The car ran several feet before it _stopped moving. The driver was much moved by the fate of the dog, her sentunent being in It was fitting that the dedication of the bridge between Canada and the United States should have occurred on Sunday; it marked the continuance of peace and friendship between two great nations. It was fitting that the gray ribbon across the bridge which typified the boundary line between the two nations should be simultaneously cut with golden scissors by the wife of the Vice President of the United States and the wife of the lieutenant governor of Ontario, each represent- ing the womanhood of the neighborly peoples. This great bridge between Buffalo and “International City” has a capacity of 3,500 automobiles per hour and many thousands of pedestrians, International City is a new industrial area with 400 square miles on the American side and 300 square miles on the Canadian side, linked by this International Pedce Bridge 5,800 feet —a little over a mile in length. * kK X An editorial in a certain anti-British publication, calling itself American, is so preposterous as to appear comical in its presentation of the case of the century of peace between Canada and the United States. It s quoted as a sample of hyphenated journalism going to extremes to such an extent as to show itself more concerned in European politics than in affairs of the Western Hemisphere. No real American reads such an unfriendly sneer at our neighbor without disgust —or ridicule. “Is a general dislike for war on the part of the people f the United States and Canada responsible for more than a century of peace? Is there no other reason? Is not the disparity in population responsible In a large measure for this long - continued peace? The population of Canada, ac- cording to the census of 1921, was 8,788,493. That of the United States, 105,710,620, The population of New York, one of the 48 States of the United States, in 1921, was 10,385,227, or 1,596,734 more than that of the whole of Canada. “It would not be reasonable to ex- pect that a country with a population of less than 9,000,000 would care to attack a neighboring State having a population of over 105,000,000. Such a step would be very similar to the féolhardiness of the dwarf who at- tacked a giant.” Why not reverse the absurdity and suggest that with our own population of 105,000,000 the most rcasonable act imaginable would be to pick a quarrel with the 9,000,000—if we are bullies? It is about 75 years since the cam- paign cry rallied the jingoes with “Fifty-four-forty-or-fight,” in the dis- pute over the Oregon boundary. We neither got the boundary shoved up to 54 degrees 40 minutes nor did we fight. Yet we retained our self-respect far better than by swinging the shillaly. Verily, the will to peace is effective between neighbors when it is evenly distributed on both sides of an “International Bridge of Peace,” or an imaginary boundary line. Numbers don’t count where good will prevails. * ok K K Prime Minister King referred to the peace of more than a century which has existed between Canada and the United States; he might have gone rther and spoken of the fact that never have Canada and the United States, upon their own authority and governmental action, fired a single hostile shot across that international boundary. Every hostile act—all more than a century ago—has been at the dictation of European powers—France and England—which then controlled the destinies of their American colo- nies. Since Canada has been autono- mous and sinco the United States has been a Natlon, every question be- tween the two has been amicably de- commissions of WASHINGTON, D. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS, marked contrast to the attitude of the party that ran over Jim. Sometimes it would seem as if the prevalli method of chronicling automobile cidents were in error. “John Jones was struck by a car driven by Henry Smith,” etc, or “Samuel Green was run over and killed today by an automobile while attempting to cross Pennsylvania avenue.” Now, the car, while it undoubtedly does the actual hitting, is only the agent of the real hitter—the driver. Suppose the above were phrased in this way: “John Jones was struck by Henry Smith"; “Samuel Green was run over and killed today by Alfred Brown.” After all, it does not make much difference whether one is killed with a little instrument called a pistol or a large one called an automobile. Both are in the control of the killer, and neither deserves the distinction of be- ing called the actual assailant. Such accidents bring home to all dog lovers the absolute nécessity for making a pet dog mind. “Spare the rod and spoil the child” might better he phrased “Spare the switch and spoil the dog.” There is no medicine in the world quite so good for a dog as a taste of the switch. The happy part of its use is that the dog loves vou all the more for giving him a few cuts with it now and then as needed. He yields to your master judgment as to what i8 ‘good for him. Even | were you cruel to him, he would love | you the more for it. | There i no necessity, however, for even an approach to cruelty. Cruelty is in the mind, not in the switch. In house-breaking a dog and in breaking him of the habit of chasing after automobiles there is nothing in the world that will take the place of a small, keen switch, either of the leather variety or one cut from a bush. A few well applied cuts on the posterior of the animal, just above the tail, shortly teach him ‘what he may and what he may not do. If this training is begun early enough, all bad habits are nipped in the bud in puppyhood, so that by the time a dog gets grown and inclined to be headstrong a mere look toward the whip is sufficient to restrain him. A switch of witch hazel or some other shrub is a thousand times more efficacious than a stick or piece of hoard. Through hundreds of years of | training, dogs have come to realize that when their master switches them he is doing it for thelr own good. Anything else they fail to understand, A dog, to be a satisfactory pet and companion, especially in the city, must mind its owner. The modern dog daily faces changed living conditions with which it unaided is unable to cope. Many human beings find it takes constant vigilance to guard their own safety. ~To make your dog mind, thereforo, is not cruelty to the animal, but the best sort of kindness, and one for which he will thank you with many vears of happy lite. i “Spare the switch and lose yo dog™ is the alternative. Yo of an international tunnel connecting the “tight little isle” with the Euro- pean continent, lest it prove a snare and danger point in case of war, it is typical of the difference between America and Europe that on neither side does such an idea disturb the cordiality with which this great bridge Is installed between nations. L ‘What is the nation to our north which 18 so nearly American that it appears like one of our own family? It is larger in area than continental United States, and is peopled by folks so nearly like the United States peo- ple, In character, in aspirations and in experiences. that they cannot be distinguished from us half so readily as can a Welshman, Scotchman or Irishman be differentiated from an Englishman. In the last monthly commercial let- ter of the Canadian Bank of Com- merce, Toronto, a review was given of Canada’s progress and future. From that are taken a few outstanding points. “Sixty years ago, when Canada be- came a commonwealth, she was of comparatively small area. Even the added territory of more recent vears was but a vast area of arable but un- developed farm land and mountain ranges. ., Now she produces annual tarm rébenues amounting to $1,740,- 000,000, created by 700,000 farmers. The Canadian farmers suffered hard- ships of deflation, as did our own, following the war's artificial inflation, But today they are prosperous and content.” The bank letter continues: *“Adja- cent to our forests, several thousand mills have been erected which provide annually lumber worth about $125,- 000,000. About 80 per cent of the lumber used throughout the world is of soft wood, 90 per cent of which is found in North America, Northern Europe and Siberia. The forests of Russia, S8weden, Norway and Finland furnish a large supply of soft wood, but further development is hampered by lack of transportation and of other mechanical equipment necessary for profitable operations. Consequently, North America possesses the forest area of greatest economic value, and nearly half of it is in Canadian terri- tory. £ we turn to the pulp and paper industry, we find that Canada now contributes nearly 40 per cent of the world’s hews print, and that there are still available larger quantities than elsewhere of the two main requisites for paper making—suitable timber and water. It has been estimated that the value of the products of this industry in 1926 was §225,000,000.” It might have been added that the press of the United States buys from Canada some $100,000,000 of news print annually, and is almost wholly depend- ent upon that country for the paper on which all daily publications are printed. The bank statement adds: “Prac- tically all of Canada’s land is under- laid with mineralized rock and earth. In comparatively small sections are mined most of the nickel and asbes- tos used throughout the world; gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc_ form most of the notable properties discov- ered in recent years and coal from seams that comprise 16 per cent of the world’s known reserves, * ¢ * “Half the fresh water of the globe is within Canadian territory; this country is the watershed of North America. That being the case, it is impossible that all the watersites in the Dominion should have been lo- cated and measured, but those already examined are, for the most part, nat- ural falls and reservoirs, which would permit of a turbine installation of over 40,000,000 horsepower, capable of developing a cheap hydro-electric en- ergy, second only,to that of the United States. * * * Yet only 11 per cent of our supply of water power is ! the right ‘word and the right O, THURSDAY, AUGUST 11, 1927. Joseph Conrad, who caught the music and the madness of the sea in his imperishable prose, and in whose tales the sea sings with its joys and sobs with its griefs until it ceases to be a body of water and becomes a human thing, has a word-sense that ap- proaches wizardry, It is not a surprise, therefore, to find him an apostle of the omnipo- tence of words. 1In the delicate and delightful preface | to a little volume of intimately per- sonal memories, Conrad tells how he came to write it. “As a general rule,” he says, “we do not want ™uch encouragement to talk about ourselves; yet this little book is the result of a friendly suggestion, and even of a little friendly pressure. 1 defend myself with some split; but, with characteristic tenacity, the friendly volce insisted, ‘You know, you really must.” " And then Conrad plays with the effect the tiny word “must” had upon him. - “Tt was not an argument,” he says, “hut 1 submitted at once. If one must! . . . b e who wants to persuade says, commenting upon the kinglike command of this word, “should put his trust not in the right argument, but in the right word. The power of sound has always heen greater than the power of sense. I don't say this by way of disparagement. 1t Is better for mankind to be impressionable than re- flective. Nothing humanly great, T mean, as affecting a whole mass of lives—has come from reflec: tio words as glory, for instance, or pity. Shouted with perseverance, with ardor. with conviction, these two by their sound alone have set whole nations in motion and upheaved the dr: ground on which rests our W cial fabric.” hole so- k to me of your Achime- he concludes. “Give me ccent and 1 will move the world.” There is good counsel here, if it Is taken with the right amount of salt. Words have precipitated revolutions | and phrases have sent nations into war, and the right selection of the words, the aptness of phrasing, and the accent of speaking them have had much to do with their power to mov men to action; but these magic words have made history not by their own power alone, but because the soil had been prepared for their reception in the hearts of men either by the drift of affairs or by the design of leaders. ‘Words are magic when the stag set for them: but they fall powerless on unprepared hearts. The phrase about making the world safe for democracy would fall on deaf ears in 1927; it fanned the spirit of mankind into a flame in 1917. But the phrases that have leader- ehip packed into them are not the product of word-carpentry, but of a subtle word-sense. And some day we may 8o recast our methods of studying and teaching literature‘that something of the cultivation of this word-sense may be achieved. (Copyright. 1027.) B Urges Forlorn Pets Be Saved from Death To the Editor of The Star: While reading the advertisement of the Rescue League in your paper Monday evening I came upon this paragraph relating to the leaving of | animals as familles went away to their Summer homes and the calling up of the league by some “kind” neighbor to come for them, it occurred to me to wonder just how many people would think so far as to Interpret the mean- ing of “kind.” If a little child were left helpless and alone, crying for food, would it be ‘kindness” in a neighbor to call up a wagon to come for it to be chloro- formed? Would not kindness be in feeding the child and ministering o its needs? And if that were not pos- sible by the individual, te find some home that would give it shelter? Even if none among the thousands of citi- zéns had heart in the matter, it still might be sent to a charitable institu- tion ready for just such protection, Does a poor animal not feel and think and remember? Why kill it to prevent the suffering? Has no one a heart to relleve suf- fering by food and shelter in some really kind home? If not, there is the Maryland farm for just such waifs. Is it “kindness” to Kkill? There is even a protest in some quarters against putting to death a murderer now, the taking of life for a crime. Has the poor little abandoned animal committed a crime? Are we living in the days of Roman barbarism or in a civilized land where gentleness and mercy find play? Did not Christ ask what man there was who would not pull a sheep out of a Dpit even on the Sabbath day? Did he refer to killing it or sending it to be killed? The taking of the life of a person is called murder. Why should the taking of life of an animal be so glossed over with ver- biage as to call it “putting to sleep” and the people “kind” who further the killing? There is always fright and struggle for breath and the last flerce fight for self-preservation. Kill it, and prevent its suffering? . Why not find the heart of kindness in helping it to food and care? M. E. WOODWARD, N ) Collateral for Traffic Violations Inadequat To the Editor of The Star: Your editorial on the ridiculous in- adequacy of many of the amounts of collateral proposed in the Bureau of Efficiency schedule is quite to the point. The figures of $10 for driving through an occupied safety zone and $5 for fhilure to grant the right of way to a pedestrian on a crosswalk are quite in keeping with the light regard the public authorities of Washington have for the welfare of the pedes- trian. I belleve, however, you miss another important point. The committee on en- forcement of the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety, while advocating traffic violations bureaus, strongly condemned the privilege of depositing and forfeiting collateral without trial. The essential difference is that with violations bureaus prop- erly set up the offender, in order to escape trial, must appear at or send & representative to the bureau and plead guilty, and the offense is re- corded against him. He cannot mer ly pay his collgteral and nonchalantly charge it to operating expenses as he would a supply of gas or a new inner tube. In keeping with this plan, the sched- ule of rates increases with second and third offenses, and for more seri- ous violations second or third offenses must go to trial. -Of eourse, first of- fenses for the most serious violations, such as driving while intoxicated, should go to trial. e great— | On the other hand, you cannot faii | to see the power of mere words; such | v, hard | o Q. Is Bernt Balchen an American citizen?—H. H. H. A. Baichen, who has been much in the putblic eye as an intrepid aviator, associated with many of the impor- tant flights, is a Norwegian by birth. He has lately taken out his first Amer- fcan citizenship papers, | Q. Where are the largest sugar fac- tories”—E. A. H. A. The largest beet sugar manufac- turing establishment Is at Spreckels, | Calif., and the plant has a rated ca- | pacity of 4,500 tons of beets per 24 hours. The largest cane sugar manu- facturing mills appear to be the two mills_in Cuba, “Delicious” and “Ma- napl,” both of which have a rated ca- pacity of 1,000,000 bags of sugar per season. One bag of sugar is equal to 325 pounds. The largest sugar refin- cry is one located at Crockett, Calif., which has a daily melting capacity of 15,000,000 pounds of raw sugar. While | these are the largest capacities, it does not necessarily follow that they pro- duce that amount of sugar or that | they produce more than any other { mill or refinery. | Q. What was the first commercial submarine to cross the Atlantic?—A. G. M. The Deutschland was the first submarine to make the commercial | transatlantic trip, reaching the United States in 1916, Q. 'What metals d magnet attract?—A. A. The Bureau of Standards says | that iron, nickel and cobalt are metals | that the ordinary horseshoe magnets attract. the horseshoé B. Q. Is Marcus Garvey a white man or a negro?—J. K. A. Marcus Garvey is a Jamaican negro, who came to the United States lin 1916 for the purpose of co-ordinat- ing all societies and movements for | the improvement of the African people in America and other countries into eat federation of the African | one_ g | peopte. | | Q ay or disappears, B 1s it true that a jackass wanders | aw: not dying a nat- | ural death?—J. 8. B. | A. The National Zoological | says that the jackass dles a natural h. The sfory of its mysterious sappearance has no foundation. e microscope Is used —W. P. R. ureau of Chemistry says { that ordinarily a microscope which magnifies 500 times is used to see bacteria, | Q. 1s a person at 30 too oldeto {learn a foreign language?—A. Prof. Thorndyke says that ex- tensive experiments with adults learn- ing algebra, science, foreign languages and the like in evening classes, and | with adults learning typewriting ani shorthand in secretarial schools, sup- port the general conclusion that abil- ity to learn rises till about 20, and then, perhaps after a stationary period of some years, slowly declines. The decline is so slow (it may roughly be thought of as 1 per cent per year) that persons under 50 should seldom be deterred from trying to learn any- thing which they really need to learn by the fear that they are too old. And to a lesser degree this is true after 50 also. Q. Does a small electric fan con- sume more electricity than a large one Park | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. age and setting, the curregt used with a small electric fan is the same as used in the large one. The speeds are not equal. Q. What is the meaning of A. P. A as used in “Able’s Irish Rose"?—J. M. A. The abbreviation A. P, A. stands | for American Protective Assoeiation Q. Are medical examinations re quired when entering a college or university?—R. E. V. A. The Bureau of Education made a study of 182 representative colleges and unlversities in this respect ard found that 70 per cent of that num ber required a medical examination upon entering. This examination fs prescribed in order to find out tho exact physical condition of the various vital organs of the body, includir eyes, ears, nose, throat, heart ar lungs. If any condition isfound n ing medical attention, it is urged !n mediately. Q. 1Is the use of brush in growin sters a new inventfon?—S. This method was known 0, b to the Q. Expressed in rs, o did the following ages last ia Carboniferous, Reptilian, Mammaliar and age of man to the present’—p. H A. The periods of the geological time, as adopted by the International cal Congress, are as followa: the age of mammals, began | approximately 40,000,000 years ago « extends to the present time: Mesozoic the age of reptiles, about 140,000,009 yvears ago; Paleozoic, which includes the Silurian and Carboniferous | riods, began about 360,000,000 years ago. Scientists generally believe that man existed at the end of the ( period. - The earliest appearance actual man, the genus Hom, riad probably 230,000 years a i mate being based on the antiquity of the Heidelberg man, the oldest known type. how 1 Q. What is meant in law by nc | tion?—o0. A. The word “novation Latin word meaning “new.’ and use in legal phraseology means a = stitution of a new obligation, indehi. | edness, creditor, etc., for an existing one. a- is from the ity Q. What real estate entitled to call themselves “r LW, The National Association of Real Estate Boards and its member boards in 657 cities claim the exclusive right to the use of the membership designa- tion “realtor,” coined for the associa- tion to indicate active members of its constituént boards in good standing. Q. What ship is the flagship of the United States Lines’—W. B. A. The Leviathan. Any reader can get the answer to any question by writing The Evening Star Information Burcau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington. D. C. This offer applies strictly to informa- tion, The burcaw cannot give advice on legal, medical and financial ot ters. It does mot atlempt to seitle domestic troudles nor undertake ez- haustive research on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and addrcss and inclose 2 cents in stamps for re- turn postage. The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. during_the space of an hour?—L. G. A. With the same motor and Volit- Haskin, director, Washington, D. 'Press Approves Interest and general approval are {evident in comment on the Federal | Trade Commission’s decision to in- quire into any relationship of the United States Steel Corporation, the | Gieneral Motors and the Du Pont in- terests. The purchase of steel shares by the Du Pont Co., which already had bought largely of General Motors stock, gives rise to a feeling that the Government ought to be fully in- formed even though the public nowa- days is not disposed to condemn out of hand all big business mergers and combinations. - “It is just as well to know what Is going oh when, with the mutual at- traction of great bodies for each other, such concerns as these show symptoms of growing together,” says the Duluth Herald, as it quotes “rumor” to the effect that “it means a sort of marriage of the octopl is going on, and that these three large concerns are growing so closely united through common ownership of stock that presently they may be function- ing virtually as one.” ~The point of view of the Richmond News-Leader is that “if there be in prospect a merger or even an understanding that will affect the Du Ponts, General Motors and the Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation, then obviously the | Department of Justice should be on | the alert. But if the matter is simply | one of acquiring a minority stock in- erest,” the Virginia paper asks, what can the Government do about it, and why should it do anything?” “The nature of any lnking of the capital of two great corporations such as the Du Porit and the Steel Corporation does not by any means solely concern thesa companies and their owners,” Daily Eagle, which further declares | that “these concerns have much to mx; with the course of the steel industry | and, through Du Pont interest in Gen- | eral Motors, with the motor-vehicle | industry as’ well. In hoth respects | they touch the welfare of a very large hody of consumers, direct and indi- rect.” Stating that “the policy of the United States has been for upward of 10 years to prevent monopoly” for the 200d of the people, the Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette says: “It may not be heside the point to observe again that the sole end of this big experiment in democracy is not to foster business. There were in the beginning some nolitical objects. It might be well to keep them in mind.” * Xk Kk & The Providence Evening Bulletin considers that “the necesaity for in- telligent and reasonable public regula- |tlon” is becoming greater with the |vears” and that it is “as fmportant that public regulatory laws shall keep pace with the expansion of American industry as it is that abundant capi- tal and an adequate supply of raw materials be always at hand. In the opinion of the Atlanta Con- stitution, ny notion that these three great combinations might amalgamate to form a supercombination is a prod-! uct of ill-informed imagination. Mer- gers are necessal They comport to the fundamental principles of prog- ress, but this particular apprehension {8 out of reason.” The fact is, con- tinues the Constitution, “such an argues the Brooklyn | Inve'stigation of Big Industrial Alliances United States heading into an era of “industrial feudalism,” the most “menacing” feature of which is the fact that “the public at large has been lulled into acquiescence by a relative srosperity,” pictures the day when eventually, the industries of the United States will center in even fewer hands than today. control will be completely interlocking, policies, methods and the destiny of all in- voived dictated from a central com- mand and even the Government over- shadowed.” * X x X That “the public is in a state of un- certainty our anti- trust laws,” i ement of the Baltimore Sun, which says of the pub- lie, “It is not wholly convinced that the economies brought about by well conducted combinations are a con ple answer to elimination of competition, but it seems willing to be shown.” As the Memphis Commercial Appeal sees the situation, “We are in‘a day when mergers are put to the necessity of showing only that their objects and methods will be —ood for the people as a whole. In other words, it is now established that there can be good trusts as well as bad trusts, a thing that was hardly possible to conceive 20 vears ago and I *‘As the Du Ponts, manufacturers of chemicals, the General Motors and the Steel Corporation are engaged in non-competitive business, the alliance does not appear to be one of mono ly,” according to the Utica Obser atch, while the Canton News calls it a “vertical trus - plaining that such a trust “isn’t nec- in the monopoly sense a trust > but is “.a orgamization which necessarily at control of ny t, but at the production of 1l the main articles entering into its et a a final produ Speakin Miami Daily News rem Ford is all by hims {rust.’ He has made himself, in a self-contained economic unit. an arrangement of Mr. Ford's great competitor, the group of indusiries clustering about General Motors and the Du Pont com pany,” concludes the News. UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ag‘o Today Liner sinks U-boat with three direct hits. German crew wave white hand kerchiefs as their vessel begins dive to the bottom. * * Second Platts- burg camp will open August 25. * s+ pr army experts arrive in to help drill our men and give them modern training in our cantonments. * * * Army eritics praise results of training undertaken at Plattsburg as a bold experiment and call it a model school and a big suce Nearly 0 out of 4,600 men have qualified and been comm: sloned. * * ¢ Allies to confer on naval action and develop more ag gressive sea policy. * * * Draft law framed for the Nation, not for the this countr amalgamation would be contrary to the laws of present-day corporate power and interest.” Although such expansion as has taken place in the activities of the individual, Crowder declares, in warn ing against evasio * % Federal Trade Commission warns coal dealers that an increase of more than 10 cents a ton on anthracite September 1 cided by friendly peace. Secretary of State Kellogg, who represented President Coolidge on behalf of the United States at the bridge ceremonies, praised the work of the international commissions which have settled all difficulties that, from stration meetings have told their sto- | vies of the affair in the same man- but inflamed perhaps. ced upon the prejudices artfully working is unwarranted. * * * Senator in- Jtroduces a resolution (tending to in duce Congress to take an attitude for early peace) asking this Government to define its war purposes and calling for a reaffirmation of the terms upon which the allies would accept peace. conscientious worker—a free trip to first b although Mr. Bl tully designated time and exact spot where the pitched ball had atruck him. V’ uged. ¢ * @ have passed the stage of fron- tier life. We have reached a high and enviable position in the world's economic organization, we have living Du Pont interests does not seem to “result in any immediate tendency toward monopoly, nor does it, so far as one can see, conflict with the law,” the New York Journal of Commerce thinks “it does, nevertheless, suggest Of Winter, with its frosty gleam, The snowflake, falling from afar, Seems like a tiny frozen star. CHARLES W. STARK. R ) No Chance. ' From the Detroit Free Press, ner, T more oy have pl hoit In beauty it will gently pass If his decisions had bee hearers, ony % Batieath, s hrasnt g gloie conditions that suit all classes of peo York and for Washin, would have been over- | locked. I would have heen regarded | #s a discerning man, permitting no hokum. But the sad thing about it! all was that his decisions helped New against N ton all thi | them up to a pitch of passion. Per- of these speakers have been convinced that an injustice has been done or is about to done. They have the slant of mind that :cea,@lqufi})‘ in everything haps most themselves It does not make so great a hit When, with its kind, you shovel it. “De man dat talks de loudest,” said Uncle Eben, “is liable to drown out time to time, have arisen between the two countries, and warmly commend- ed the recent exchange of ministers between Ottawa and Washington— “an innovation which is proving vast- ly_successful.” ! ., in view of Ensland’s lops: 1495 = coopmiait 1o8Tge Tou V. | ple, even those of tho most fastidious taste It Canada prospered and developed her resources with 90,000,000 popula- tion, instead of 9,000,000, she would be 10 times as valuable & nelghbor of the United States. Golling) ~ P~y The greatest boon Congress could give the country this year would be a session in which it would conscien- tlously consider the affairs and wel- fare ‘::‘ the Nation without ren.nl to polit! Unfortunately, t! not o chanos that the United teg will recelve that blsssiom . the possibility of a sort of financial dominance that, if permitted to pro- gress unchecked, might some day pro- duce a type of superbusiness control, of which the present leaders of big ve enjoyed only & foretaste.” o Durhgm sun. i e i * * * Suffragettes lose two more banners when angry crowds in front of the Whi W . ‘l urged in the Senate to of I. W. W. agi- House destroy flags to Vilson.” *