Evening Star Newspaper, April 10, 1927, Page 4

11,29 MARINES ON FOREGN DUTY Corps on War-Time Basis, With Only 6,805 at Home Awaiting Call. Facing unusual peace-time condi- tions, the United States Marine Corps | is living up to its tradition as “Soldiers of the Sea,” with two-thirds of .its total enlisted strength on foreign duty at the present time. Out of a total strength of 18,000 | men, 11,205 are recorded at Marine | headquarters as being gned to | foreign duty, leaving 6,805 at home stations. With the number of men required for ultimate service in the Chinese emergency representing an unknown factor, it was declared that any future call for reinforcements in the Orient mnecessarily must drain further the rapidly diminishing force |, of Marines remaining in the United States. Virtually on War-time Basis. | The situation which confronts the | Marine Corps, the emergency di- | tionary force of the Government, is | unprecedented in the records of the past 25 years, except during the| World War. Placed virtually on a| rtime basis, though the United | States is officially at peace with the | world, the Marine Cor, s under orders to “stand b; v further call for armed forces in the Orient or_elsewhere. | Less than three months ago the Marine Corps faced the necessity, | under the limiting features of the | budget, of reducing i enlisted strength by more than 1,200 men. Al- most without debate Congress rect fled this and made provision for the full strength of 18,000 men. Without realizing at the time the tremendous drain that was to be made later on the man power of the corps, the wi dom of this action on the part of Congress has been justified by the events of the past two months. Men Now Encircle Globe. The 11,205 men of the Marine Corps assigned to foreign duty today wirtually encircle the globe. Of this number, it was explained at Marine headquarters, 5,600 are on Chinese pervice; 1,750 in Nicaraguan waters® 2,142 are “afloat,” and 1903 are at various foreign naval station. Approximately 1,455 men and T4 officers are assembling at San Diego under orders to embark for Shang- hai. This number, it was explained, is included in the 5,500 men on Chi- nese service, since they have been detached from service in the United States. Emergencies in Nicaragua and China, demanding protection of Amer- ican lives and property, have all but depleted the East Coast Expeditionary Force, the pick of the Marine Corps, centered at Quantico. From the Vir- ginia base were sent the 1,750 men of the famous 5th Regiment under com- mand of Brig. Gen. Logan Feland, vet- eran of the World War. Hardly had these man arrived on the scene and reported the “situation well in hand,” than Brig. Gen. Smedley D. Butler, whose fighting qualities won him two congressional medals of honor, was or- dered to Shanghai in command of the Marines hastily dispatehed there. Only 1,000 Left At Quantico. Since then drains on the Quantico force to augment the re-created 6th Regimert, sister regiment to the 5th during the World War, have left scarcely 1,000 men of the force of about 4,500 stationed at Quantico. The remaining 6,805 in the United States available for duty are at widely scattered posts' and naval stations. Anticipating another call from Ad- miral C. 8. Williams, commander-in- chief of the Asiatic fleet, Marine Corps headquarters has made a sur- vey of all detachments in the United States. While no specific orders have been issued, all units are in readiness for a call on short notice. This was demonstrated by .the rapidity with ‘which the 1,455 men of the 6th Regi- ment were assembled and started off for the Pacific Coast. The next call for reinforcements in China, should there be-one, will be met by a further depletion of the men stationed at homse posts. Under exist- ing conditions, it was said, no consid- eration is being given at this time to ‘the possibility of sending any of the 1,760 men in Nicaragua to China. It also is considered unlikely that any Yould be withdrawn from Haiti, the ‘Virgin Islands, or even the Philippines. Calls Met Quickly. ‘While the Marine Corps is facing this great peace-time demand on its mervices the ‘minute-man” policy uhder which the corps operates has served to meet these conditions with & minimum of delay and confusion. Considering the fact that the entire enlisted strength of the Marine Corps i8 no largeér than the war strength of a combat division, it has been pos- sible to concentrate in molding into shape a perfect fighting machine. Difficulties in the way of mobllization Me in the fact that the force in this mlry is scattered from coast to Thousands of miles of ocean sepa- rate the 1,903 men on duty at the various naval bases outside the United States from the Caribbean Sea to the outposts of the Pacific. These posts are located in Haiti, Guantanamo, Cuba, the Virgin Islands, Panama Canal Zone, Hawaii, Guam, Samoa and scattered through the Philippine Archipelago. Of these, it was stated, it would be hardly practicable to send any as reinforcements for service in China in event of a further demand. REED ATTACKS DAWES FOR APPOINTING FESS IN SLUSH FUND PROBE (Continued from First Page.) ate which has been investigating the campaign funds of Republican Sen- ators has, in my judgment, no au- thority whatever at the present time. Eloquent arguments have been pub- lshed recently to demonstrate that the Senate has power to continue such committees through the recess. ) one has doubted the existence of this power of the Senate. The plain fact is that the Senate has not exercissd its power to continue this particular committee. Cites Supreme Court Decision. “The recent decision of the United States Supreme Court in the Daugh- erty case did not decide that that com- mittes continued in power after the expiration of-the Congress, but merely decided that the Senate as a con- tinuing body had power to continue its committees. through the recess ‘when it saw fit to do so. The court i ‘So far as we are advised the se- lect committes having this investiga- tion in charge has neither made a final report nor been discharged; nor has it been continued by an affirma- tive order. Apparently its activities have been suspended pending the deci- sion of this case. But, be this as it may, it is certain that the committee may be continued or revived now by motion to that effect, and, if contin- ued or revived, will have all its orig- inal powers. ~“Apparently this language was_not ealled to the attention of the Vice President. Says Rule Would Be Meaningless. Chiang Kai-Shek Surrounded by Little of the Pomp Found in North. Chief of Military Forces Strict Follower of Party Program. BY JOHN McC. ROOPS. There are at least two qualities which distinguish Chiang Kai-Shek, commander-in-chief of the Cantonese vevolutionary army, from his rivals in north China. | The first i | al ch rn(‘lo!'lsllc‘ h is common to most of the young Nationalist officials implicity.” Not even in Soviet Bus- can one find a high public func- surrounded with less pomp rcumstance than the head of Nationalist forces. I was accustomed to the Mukden, Peking and Nanking, where interview arrangements in time of war are virtually impossible, and even in the off season must be made days ahead, where bands blare as one cuters the presence and files of braided soldiery stiffen to attention. So it was a very definite surprise, atter casually calling up on the phone in Canton one afternoon, only two days before the Cantonese first army left for its northern drive, to be told that their general would be glad to see me if I came right over. I jumped into a rickshaw outside the headquar- ters of the Russian advisory staff, and with one of the party secretaries as interpreter dashed off to the home of Chiang Kai-Shek. Headquarters Plain. A young officer met me on the steps of a small gray-brick house, glanced at my card, and smilingly beckoned me upstairs. We entered a small room, bare except for the table in the center, two pictures of Sun Yet-Sen over the mantel and a military map across the back wall, showing by little red flags the location of the Cantonese outposts in their northern advance, Chiang Kai-Shek was standing at the window, looking out, and turned vith @ quiet smile to shake hands. He dressed in plain khaki, without distinguishing marks of any kind. He is somewhat taller than the aver- age Canton type, being himself a na- tive of Chekiang Province. His hair is cropped short. He has a frank, open face, black eyes and an easy manner. He motioned me.to a seat, and we exchanged greetings in Chinese while lemonade and sliced watermelon were placed before us. Then, through the interpreter, we chatted briefly about his date of departure, already post- poned several days; the purposes of the expedition and his hopes of vic- tory. Not least among the latter, he said, was his faith in the devotion of the Christian general, Feng Yu- Hsiang, who was still in Moscow, and in the strength of his northwestern people’s army. Man of Few Words. Chiang is a man of few words, and In the short time available we did not go very deep. But what impressed me most was the modest yet direct way he had of stating his ideas. He scemed to personify, sitting there, the best in the attitude of the new China toward the world at large. He had a certain quiet positiveness—no aggres- sion, but not a hint of deferenca—so far removed alike from the haughty bigotry of the old Manchu; emperors as from the subservient tendency which followed China’s several defeats Ly the armies of the powers. Gone was the ancient contempt for the foreign “barbarian.” Gone, too, was the more recent fear of the for- eign “devil.” And in their place was a cool self-respect which looked neither up nor down, but stralght ahead. One of the members of the Political Bureau, chief government organ, had arrived for a short conference, and he was bowed in as I was bowed out. Before leaving I asked Gen. Chiang when he expected to be In my home town of Hankow, on the Yangtze River. He smiled and shook his head. How could he tell, he said. As events turned out, it took a trifle THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 10, 1927—PART 1.’ ARE HOPE ECLARES CANTONESE LEADER IS NOTE FOR SIMPLICITY AND LOYALTY GEN. CHIANG KAISHEK. more than a month. For in early September, having marched up from Canton over 800 miles of mountains and rice fields, half of the distance without any rail connections, his Na- tional revolutionary army walked into Hankow. And on October 10, fifteenth anniversary of the Chinese Republic, Wuchang, across the river and with it all of central China was in the hands of the south. The second unique characteristic of Chiang Kai-Shek is a result not of his own personality but of the revo- lutionary organization of which he is a part. In north China among the enemies of the Cantonese the word of the militarist is law for every one and at ail times. Alleglance is held, as in Kurope’s feudal days, to him alone. ‘With Chiang, as with most things Cantonese, it is very different. He may be a conquering general, but he is first of all a member of the Kuom- intang (People’s party), and is subject te party discipline like any other member. Party Is First Duty. This Kuomintang, founded by Sun Yat-Sen 20 years ago, is the core of the National revolutionary movement, and aims to unify China under a strong civilian rule. It runs the Na- tionaiist government much as the Soviet runs Russia, and, more signifi- cant still, it runs the army. Every Cantonese officer is first a party man; second, a fighter. His duty is pri- marily to his party, only secondary to his general as the representative of the party. ‘Whether or not this theory will con- tinue to work, in view of the increas- ing success and power of the military organization, remains to be n. Chiang Kal-Shek has always professed obedience to party discipline. He has usually succeeded in working with his colleagues in the political denart- ments of the government. But all tkat Nationalist leaders would say to me in Canton before Chiang started north last July was that they were “hoping for the best.” At least there is an even chance that this quiet, unassuming young generalissimo of 38, with a back- ground of experience in Japan, Russia and his native China quite beyond his years, may prove to be a real “soldier in politics” rather than just another “strong man.” (Copyright. 1027, in United States, Great gfl‘tlln apq_all other countries by Nortl Amorican Newspaper Alliance.) If this special investigating commit- tee were considered also to be a ‘standing’ committee, the rules of the Senate become meaningless. It has been the practice of the Senate throughout its existence to regard these special committees as dying with the Congress in which they were appointed, unless the Senate shall affirmatively provide otherwise. “If this is not the rule, then hun- dreds of special committees appointed in the past are still in existence and our Vice Presidents have been remiss in not keeping their membership filled. This, in my judgment, illustrates the unsoundness of the contention which is now made by those who would like to see this Campaign Funds Com- mittee continue its attacks upon Re- publican Senators. Criticizes Democratic Position. “The strenuous, but unsuccessful, efforts made by Democratic Senators to pass the resolution continuing this special committee and their willing- ness to sacrifice the appropriations bill and the public buildings bill in the contest testify eloquently to their real thought. They knew that the com- CAMPAIGN SIGNS, 14 MONTHS EARLY, APPEAR IN CAPITAL (Continued from First Page.) that made him so formidable a power in the Madison Square Garden con- vention three years ago, his sup- porters have widened their activities constantly, particularly in the South. The 4atest of the Southern leaders 1o publicly discuss his avallability is Senator Glass of Virginia, who said Smith’s membership in the Roman Catholic Church would not alone make him unacceptable to Southern Demo- crats, but added that if the party un- dertook to follow the governor's anti- Volstead inclination, it would be un- done, As this discussion goes on, Willlam G. McAdoo, who as Smith’s chief op- ponent at Madison Square Garden drew a great part of his strength from the South, remains in the background. If the McAdoo people n are seek- mittee would expire if it ‘was not afirmatively continued. It is useless now to argue that the Senate has power to continue its committees; the power is unquestioned, but it was not exercised. “The whole question is now up for a judiclal decision. In my judgment all parties concerned should await that decision before attempting further action. “If, as seems clear, the committee is dead, then there are no vacancles to be filled by the Vice President. But even if the committee were still in existence, the Senate has not given authority to the Vice President to do more than designate the original five members of the committee. Vacancles Filled by Election. “Under the rules of the Senaté, any vacancies must be fllled by election o | by the Senate itself. Furthermore, the presiding officer of the Senate must not when presiding at a Senate ses- sion. When the Senate is not in ses- sion he has no authority whatever. Therefore 1 regard the attempted ap- pointment of Senator Fess as a nullity.” The opinion is expressed here that ei*her the Reed committee or a simi- ing delegates they are doing it with- out the customary brass band. Few political develoments in re- cent months have attracted so much attention in Washington as the pros- pect of a statement from Gov. Smith dealing directly with the tenets of the church of which he is a member. Recently in an open letter published in the Atlantic Monthly, Charles C. Marshall, a New York lawyer, quoted from the precepts of the church and asked the governor whether in his opinion these precepts would prevent a Catholic from performing the con- stitutional duties of the ‘presidency. The reply will be published two weeks hence, There have been reports in Wash- ington that Gov. Smith might also take occasion soon to «outline - the policy he would pursue toward pro- hibition if he sat in the White House. Some political observers believe an effort will be made to induce him to make such a statement in reply to Senator Glass. Others, however, think he will do nothing just now to attract the prohibition spotlight away from the Republican troubles upon ich it was centered by last night's debate in Boston between Senator lar committee of the Senate will be authorized during the next session to keep in touch with and investigate any charges that may arise in connec- tion with the elections of 1928. In all probability an effort will be made at the next session to amend the Corrupt Practice Act, fixing certain limitations upon expenditures in primary elec- tions as well as genera] elections to Congress. . ROME IS SILENT. No Comment Made on Death Sen- tence of Countrymen. ROME, April 9 (®). — Pronounce- ment of the death sentence against Nicolo Sacco and Bartolomeo Van- zettl caused no stir here today. The newspapers have not even commented on the prospect of their execution. A “The Senate has 33 ‘standing’ com- * ‘mitteos and it has ordained that these & tees shall continue with full throuehout all adiournments Since the breaking up of soclalist and commuri{st organizations In Italy, agitation in favor of the two men has censed. SRS — Borah, a dry, and Nicholas Murray Butler, who wants a prohibition re- peal plank in the 1928 Republican platform. This debate stirred up many echoes in Wi lngton, but no one professed conversion. The wets still said prohibition should be an issue next year, and the drys said it shouldn’t, DENIES MISSIONARY WAS DRAWING GUN Nanking Shooting Witness Claims Dr. Williams Slain by Robbers. By the Associated Pr SHANGHAI, April 9.—Allegations that Dr. J. E, Williams, vice president of Nanking University, had a re- volver in his hand when he was killed in the anti-foreign outbreak at Nanking March 24 are false, Dr. A. J. Bowen, president of the university, told The Assoclated Press today. Dr. Bowen, wfi“ formerly resided at Kankakee, Ill.. but has spent 30 years in China, slaying of Dr. William “Dr. Willlams had no weapon of any kind," declared Dr. Bowen. “I don't belleve he ever owned a gun In his life and he did not know how to use one, if he had.” Dr. Bowen described in detail how seven or eight Cantonese soldiers rounded up a group of six Americans on Nanking University campus. Shot During Robbery. “They first searched us thoroughly for weapons,” he recalled. ‘“'They found none. Then they lined us up and began to take our watches and &0 through our pockets for money, I pulled out my $2 watch and gave it to my searchers. “Another was taking Dr. Willilams’ watch, Dr, Williams was arguing mildly in Chinese, saying, ‘You don't want that,’ when his searcher or another soldier standing by shot Dr. Willlams in the head with a rifie at close range. “Dr. Willlams fell and died im- mediately. The soldiers continued to search him as he lay on his back, and then walked off unconcernedly as if they merely had shot a doy James M, Speers, jr., a teacher in Nanking University, gave The Associ- ated Press the following account of the search and the shooting: No Resistance Offered. “None of us resisted, but when a soldier took hold of Dr. Williams' watch, Dr. Willlams, without touch- Ing the watch or the man, told the man it was his mother’s watch and that the man didn’t want it. Another soldler, standing beside the first, poked his rifle into Dr. Willlams' face and fired, the bullet going in near the eye and coming out near the ear. The two soldiers immediately went through Dr. Willlame' pockets as he lay on the ground, then un- concernedly strolled off, occasionaily firing their rifles in the air. Harry Clemons, librarian of Nan- king University, described how the soldiers searched the group of foreign- ers for arms just before the shooting occurred. They found no arms. This led to the search for valuables, which Dr. Willlams was killed. The statement that' Dr. Williams was drawing a revolver when he was shot was contained in a dispatch trom G. A. Kennedy at Shanghal to the Nation of New York. in a8 an eyewitness of the | LIBERALS STARVIN INNICARAGUA HILLS Diaz Forces Look for Cessa- tion of Hostilities in Two Days. | By the Associated Press. MANAGUA, Nicaragua, April 9.— With insufficient food and supplies of ammunitions dwindling, the approx- imately 800 Liberal troops, under Gen. Moncada, are said to be continuing their desperate stand in the desolate foothills in the region near Matiguas, which recently had been Moncada's | headquarters. . The Conservatives were said to be | preparing today for another concen: trated attack on the Liberal forces and hopeful that the next two days would see a cessation of warfare on a wholesale scale so that the nation might fittingly observe holy week. Diaz Gains Reported. Yesterday and today the Diaz Con- servative troops are reported to have gained advantageous positions on the remaining high hills, except one, and virtually were surrounding the Lib- erals, Aviators report that white flags are flown whenever they fly over in- habited places. Conservative President Diaz today received reports from Gen. Viquez saying that several Liberals threw down their arms last night and en- tered the Conservative camp. It was #aid the, Liberals claimed to have had no food, water, medicines or ammuni- tion, nor a sufficient number of men. 400 Dead, 300 Wounded. It was estimated today that the total casualties on both sides in re- cent fighting was 400 dead and 300 wounded. Rear Admiral Latimer of the Amer- ican naval forces has been in Mana- gua for the past few days coaferring with ‘Minister ‘Eberhardt and Brig. Gen. Feland, commander of the American Marines. He will return to Corinto tomorrow prepared to receive Henry L. Stimson, personal repre- sentative of President Coolidge. FORTY-NINER DIES. John Isham Shappell Was Oldest Citizen of Waterford, Conn. NEW LONDON, Conn., April 9 (®). ~John Isham Chappell, 96 years old, oldest resident of the town of Water- ford and a veteran of the gold rush of '49, died today. He made the trip to California via the Isthmus of Panama and squatted on a tract now a portion of the city of Sacramento. Later he accumulated a sizeable for- tune operating ox teams out of Sacra- mento to the gold mines and as a res- taurant proprietor in the gold area. SOVIET CHARGE AT PEKING RECALLED IN PROTEST OF RAID (Continued from First Page.) nese protest demonstration is planned, One hundred French troops have ar- rived to reinforce the 200 British troops already there. Forelgn Warships on Guard. Shameen has been inclosed by barbed wire barricades on three sides, with only the bund open and that protected by two American, five Brit- ish, one Japanese and three French warships. The troops in the British concession are equipped with artillery. Shameen is the main spot of refuge for for- eigners in the south, and missionaries and others are arriving there from the interior. The latest incident in the intermit- tent warfare between foreign war- ships and Chinese along the Yangtze involved the British destroyer Vet- eran, which was fired on with shrap- nel and rifles yesterday near Chin- kiang. The Veteran replied with her main armament, consisting of four 4.7-inch guns, and reports the de- struction of a gun emplacement and Chinese barracks. It is not stated which Chinese faction was respon- sible for the affair. Two Americans Released. Word was recelved from Peking today of the release of Mrs. Mildred Mitchell and Wilbur Burton, Ameri- cans, whose journalistic activities, allegedly in behalf of the Cantonese movement, brought their detention by agents of Marshal Chang Tso-Lin, the Northern commander. They were not arrested, and were released after a hearing conducted by an American consular official. Agitation hy radicals continues in Shanghal, Aroused by the distribu- tion of pamphlets among the British troops, police and military today searched the China University, in- cluding the dormitories. Consider- able inflammatory literature was found. Many Chinese residents of the in- ternational settlement, particularly those ot the poorer classes, are de- parting for other towns. Police re- ports show that over 20,000 left dur- ing the last seven days. Predicts Control by Moderates. The moderates are in the majority in the Cantonese political party and are bound to win, Quo Talichi, Can- tonese commissioner for foreign af- fairs in the Shanghal district, told the Assoclated Press today in a frank dis- cussion of the aims, methods, prob- lems and present operations of the revolutionary movement. ‘When the moderate victory comes, he said, Michael Borodin, the Russian, who has been advising the Cantonese government at Hankow, must go, and many Red Russian ideas will have to be discarded by the Cantonese. The western world should not be hysterical over the Chinese situation, he said. The battle against reaction in China has been won and the fu- ture contest is against the ultra- radicals within the Kuomintang (Can- tonese political party). Defeat of the radicals, however, he pointed out, would not mean discard ing of all the ideas given to the world by Russia or scrapping of the major policies of the late Sun Yat Sen, founder of the Cantonese govern- ment. The present conflict was large- ly between the Shanghai group and the radicals within the central execu- tive committee at Hankow. Quo is admittedly high in the coun- cils of the Kuomintang and is acting chief aide to Chiang Kai Shek, the Cantonese military commander. He is a graduate of the University of Penn: Both sides would welcome more light on this subject, however, just as both of the opposing coalitions on the farm relief question would like to know more definitely what the folks back home are thinking about the Mc- Nary-Haugen bill, passed by Congress with the support of Lowden an Dawes, and vetoed by the President. Very shortly President Coolidge's close friend, former Senator Butler, who is chairman of the Republican national committee, will make a trip across the McNary-Haugen country, and a little later the President himself plans to go West for his Summer vaca- tion. There is much speculation here Whether these two develoj nts may be expected to contribute’th any way to Mr. Cool decislon regarding 1928, But he sylvania. 1,500 MARINES SAIL TUESDAY. By the Associated Press. ‘The third group of 1,500 Marines to d | reinforce American forces in China will sail from San Diego Tuesday, or as soon thereafter as possible, aboard the Dollar Line Grant, it was announced yesterday. The Marines are now en route to that port. The President Grant, employed be- cause neither the Navy nor Army has transports availuble, will take the en. tire 1,500 Marines and their equip- ment. It is hoped by the Navy De. partment that equipment left behind by the second Marine contingent when it salled a few days ago also may be stowed aboard the President Grant. Six observation airplanes comprised most of the material for which no place could be found on the transport Henderson. Under the urging of Mr. MacMurray Americans all over north China are moving toward Peking lest they be caught in a flame of anti-foreignism like that which raged at Nanking. Many of them are passing through Peking, continuing on to Tientsin, selected as the concentration center In anticipation of arrival of the South- ern Army with its advance guard of propagandists and agitators. From Peking itself numbers of women and children are being evacuated for Tientsin, although so far as is known here Minister MacMurray has not yet advised fllght from the capital. Conflicting reports from Paris and London_concerning the status of the allied demands resulting from the Nanking and other outbreaks failed to produce an explanation of the course the Washington Government will take. It appears, however, that the bur- den of the American negotiations ap- pears to have shifted almost com- pletely to the hands of Minister Mac- Murr Through correspondence he understands the desires of the Wash- ington administration, and is said to be about ready to act. Possibility ex- ists, however, that he may find it necessary to confer with Washington again in the event his Peking min- isterial colleagues differ radically as to the best means of procedure. Cantonese Reported Retiring. Meager reports yesterday of the military” situation along the Yangtze River indicated that the southerners have lost tg the northerners in a battle in the Chinkiang sector. The destroyer Paul Jones advised the Navy that large numbers of Canton- ese troops were retiring to the south bank of the Yangtze from the north shore and from Silver Island. No detalls were given except that Na- tionalist flags in the area were being hauled down and that during the night three crulsers belonging to the northern faction had appeared at Silver Island. Complete evacuation by Americans at Changsha on the Yangtze was re. ported by the gunboat Palos, which saild it had sailed for Hankow with the American consul aboard. It added that the manager of Young Brothers’ bank at Ichang had been dragged through the streets of the city 'and beaten because he refused demands by labor leaders and strikers. The dispatch gave no details. 121 Americans at Chefoo. From Chefoo the destroyer William B. Preston reported quiet in that are: although Nationalls feeling was growing. Americans numbering 121 have been assembled there, compris- ing all in the district, and British the message added, had di- rected their nationals to congregate ;: Chefdo or Wei Hai Wei by yester- . Transfer of approximately 285 ed by Consul Alexander G. Swaney at Tsinan, who added that about 70 Americans rei s district, but most of them were en route to the seacoast. With the exception of six members of the Catholic mission, he said, only filve American men re- mained at Tsinanfu, capltal of Tsinan province. All American women and children and most of the men in the provinces of Shansl and South Chihli now are en route to or have arrived at Tient- sin, Consul David C. Berger at Tient- sin reported. He added that Ameri- cans from Shensi and Kansu prov- inces also were en route to Tientsin. PROTEST REPORTED READY. LONDON, April 9 (#).—After a fort night of negotiations the identic five. power protest against the recent out- rages at Nanking in which a number of foreigners were killed, among them Dr. J. E. Williams, American vice president of king University, are about to be pi ted to the Canton- ese authorities, to authori: tative tion in London, CONSERVATIVES 1 Dr. T. Z. Koo Addresses Members of National Press Club. China Are Not Anti- American. “China’s hope is centered on the Moderates, who form the bulk of the Nationalist party,” Dr. T. Z Koo, Chinese scholar and_statesman, told the National Press Club Wednesday. Dr. Koo has recently come to this country as a representative of many organizations in China to explain to the Americans the situation in China today. “In every struggle thére are mod erate as well as radical elemehts and the Nationalist movement in China is no exception,” Dr. Koo sald. “Our tuture nation builders will come from the ranks of the Moderates. A keen struggle is now on between these two sections for leadership in the party. Much will depend upon the outcome of this struggle. Deplores Nanking Incident. As a cltizen of China, and a repre- sentative of the federation of com- mercial and Industrial organizations in Shanghai, 1 can find no words strong enough to condemn the un- called-for destruction of life and prop- erty as that. which happened at Nan- king. I know my fellow countrymen will be with me when I take this opportunity to express to the Ameri- can people our sincere regret and sorrow over such acts and our ex- pectation that proper reparation will be made by our authorities when the facts of the case are established. “The struggle now going on in China is a three-fold one: Firstly, it is a struggle to bring about the political unity of China under the authority of a national government based upon ths will of the people. The establishment of such a govern- ment is the prerequisite of any recon- structive work in China. “The main obstruction to the at- tainment of this political unity is the existence of a group of rapacious military chiefs who have been a curse to the Chinese people during the past ten vears. The civil”war now waged in China is for the purpose of elimi- nating these war lords. Struggle is Economic, ‘“‘Secondly, the struggle is an eco- nomic.one. 'China is passing from an agricultural to an industrial state. This transformation is attended with all the manifestations of labor unrest and social changes which character- ized the industrial revolutions in the West. The driving power behind this struggle, however, is not communism, but the elemental human desire to place life as far above the starvation point as possible. “Thirdly, the struggle is one of re- covering China’s status:of equality in the family of nations. In the past 50 years Western nations have, through various means, acquired terri- tory and special rights in China, and their natural desire is to keep these as long as possible. The Chinese peo- ple, on the other hand, now realize that certain territory and special rights have been forcibly taken from them in the past, and their natural desire is to recover these things as soon as possible. Here, in a word, OF CHINA, SCHOLAR D Says Bulk of Nationalists in | DR T. are the two basic forces behind the drama now enacted between China and the Western nations. There can be no peace in the Far East until these opposing forces are somehow brought into a working relationship. “Each one of these three phases in our struggle is great enough to engage he whole attention and energy of the hinese people. Our misfortune is that we are obliged to undergo all three phases at the same time, thus adding considerably to the complexity and difficulty of our problems. It 1s_inevitable that in timeés of such great upheaval in China irresponsible persons here and there will cause re- grettable incidents to happen. Most Are Not Aati-Foreign. “The marvel so far is that so few incidents of this nature have happend ed.” The reason for this is because the bulk of the Chinése people are not anti-foreign and certainly not anti- American. We have drawn so much of our inspiration for our National movement from America and so many of our leaders are trained in American universities that I cannot believe my people will ever hold any feelings against the American people except those of admiration and affection. “In every struggle there is moder- ate as well as radical elements and the Nationalist movement in China is no exception. China's hope is cen- tered on the moderates who form the bulk of the Nationalist party. Our future nation-bullders wili come from the ranks of the moderates. A keen struggle is now on between these two sections for leadership in the party. Much will depend. upon the outcome of this struggle. d “Today we are makers of history on both sides of the Pacific. Seme are close to the scene and others are more distant. But, consciously or unconsciously, we are all having a hand in shaping the destiny of a great nation in these days. Shall the forces of oppression and greed in this world be allowed to perpetuate a great wrong in China, which can only be rectified by generations of suffering and turmoil? Or shall this priceless opportunity now before us to create a new order of peace and prosperity in China be seized and through patience, sympathy and foresight made to succeed? This is the real question.” SACCO-VANZETTI WARNING FLASHED TO ALL U. S. ENVOYS (Continued from First Page.) is the same words you pronounced seven years ago. You condemn two innocent men.” With the imposing of the death sentence there remained possible two courses by which the condemned men might continue their fight for life. One is an application to the United States Supreme Court on a writ of certiorari, the other an appeal to Gov. Fuller to exercise executive clemency. The latter course will be taken immediate- Iy by the supporters of the men, their counsel, William G. Thompson and Herbert G. Ehrmann, announced tonight. Has Open Mind. In the absence of a statement from the governor, who was not at his home In Boston today, it was re- called he previously had stated that the evidence in the case had not been submitted to him and that conse- Fuenuy he had not formed any opin on, Although special precautions had been taken to guard against violence or digorder In connection with the sen- tencing of the two men, there were no demonstrations either while the prisoners were being escorted to the courthouse and to the Norfolk County Jail, or during the proceedings In the courtroom. ‘The proceedings took less than an hour. After Judge Thayer had opened court at 10:05, District Attorney Win- fleld M. Wilbar immediately moved for sentence. The clerk of the court then asked Saco if he had “anything to say why sentence of death should not be passed upon you?” Accuses Court of Cruelty. ““Yes, sir,” Sacco replied, rising be- side Vanzetti in the prisoner’s cage, explaining that Vanzetti would speak longer, he went on: “I never knew, never heard, even read in history anything so cruel as this court. After seven years' prose- his life “to eliminate crime from the earth.” Contending that he had no need to commit crime to get money, Vanzetti told of his father in Italy, who he sald “would have welcomed me every time with open arms,” and who could have given him a position in busi- ness had he returned to him. He, too, launched into an exposi- tion of his principles, declaring that not only had he opposed crime, but be had “refused myself the commodity or glory of life, the pride of life of a good position, because in my con- sideration it is not right to exploit man."” Holds Judge Prejudiced. A dog that killed chickens, Vanzetti declared, would not have victed by an American jury “w proof that the commonwealth has produced against us.” | Men “of understanding,” through- out the world, he said, had stuck with them—*"the flower of mankind of Eu- rope, the better writers, the greatest thinkers of Europe. “We have proved,” he said, “that there could not have ceen another judge on the face of the earth more prejudiced and more cruel than you have been against us. Before you see us you already know that we were radicals, that we were under- dogs, that we were the enemy of the institution. “We were tried during a time that has now passed into history. I mean by that, a time when there was a hysteria of resentment and hate against the people of our principles, against the foreigner, against slack- ers, and it seems to me—rather I am positive of it—that both you and Mr. Katzman (district attorney in the orig- inal trial) have done all that it was in your power in order to work out, in order to agitate still more the pas- sion of the juror, the prejudice of the Juror against us.” Judge Thayer, before sentencing the two men, pointed out that the question of guilty was one for the Jury and he added, “The court has absolutely nothing to do with that question.” The Supreme Court, he said, had examined the record and upheld the verdict, and ‘“that being true, there cuting they still consider us guilty. And these gentle people here are ar- rayed with us in this country today.” o paused and then went on to out- line his radical principles; setting the “‘oppressed class and the rich class” opposite each other. Tyranny Is Charged. ““We fraternize the people with the books, with the literature,” he went on. “You persecute the people, tyr- annize over them and kill them. We try the education of people always. You try to put a path between us and some other nationality that hates each other. That is why I am here today on this bench, for having been the oppressed class. Well, you are the oppressor. 'You know it, Judge Thayer—vou know all my life, you know why I have been here—and aftér seven years that you have been persecuting me and my poor wife and you still today sentence us to death. ‘Vanzett! he referred to as the “man kind to all the children,” the man whom, he said, Judge Thayer twice had sentenced, although, he told the is innocent. he concluded, “Judge Thayer knows all my life and he knows that I am never guilty, ;ll er—not yesterday nor today nor forever. Protests His Innocence. As he sat down, the clerk addressed the same question to Vanzetti. What I say is that I am innocent, not only of the Braintree crime (the murder for which he was sentenced today), but also of the Bridgewater crime (the Mttémpted. robbery charge on which has been serving a sen- tence). That I am not only innocent of these t#Wo but in all my fe stole and I have. never have never spilled is only one thing that this .court can do—to pronounce sentence. Assigned to 7th Cavalry. elah R. H. Tompkins, U. S. at Camp Stanley, Tex., has CHIK AWAKENIG BULLARD DECARES Possibilities of Moderniza-’ “tion, Exemplified by Radio, Being Seen, He Says. By the Associated Press. | _SAN FRANCISCO, April 9= Wrapped for ages in serene retrospect and veneration for the departed, the mind of China today is awakening to | the possibilities of modernization aw exemplified by radio, achlevement of the white man. Such was the message from a San Francisco station by Rear ) Admiral W. H. G. Bullard, who re- cently returned from China. He lef¢ tonight for Washington, to arswie his new duties of chairman of.iae Federal Radio Commission At the present time a Ch gov- ernment edict has gone out against the importation of radio equipment, high government officials regarding radio as contraband and a weapon ef | war. The Oriental, Admiral Bullard | said, fears the radio as transmitting | medium of false military information. They have set up a rigid censorship. Only Two Broadcasters, In the vast Republic of China there are only two broadcasting sta- tions. Rapld communication with the interior, where telegraph facilities are unknown, depends entirely upon the_operation of thése two stations. One is located in the International settlement in Shanghai und the other in Harbin, Manchoria The mysteries of radio, Admiral Bullard said, are regarded with awe by the Oriental. He fails to com- prehend the operating principles. But with the return of students from colleges of the United States and other countries and their persistent | attempts to enlighten their country- men, radio 1is being gradually developed. CANADIAN HOUSE DEADLOCKED. troadcast » Demand for Control of 12 Stations Blocks Reciprocity Move. OTTAWA, Ontario, April 9 (®.—" Possibility of ity between United States and Canada to control radio broadcasting in North America was deadlocked today when the House of Commons was told by the minister of marine and fisheries of the Dominfon's need for exclusive control of 12 high-power stations, with partial control of an additional 14_stations. The Federal Radio Commission at Washington has conceded to give the Canadians exclusive control of . 6 high-power stations, with part con- trol of 6 others, but the Canadians have not departed from their original demand for exclusive control of 12 statfons and part rights in 14 more. In a conference held at Washington the Canadians definitely outlined their demands, but negotiations were suddenly dropped off without settle-” ment. 42 ON CANADIAN RANGE. U. 8. Stations Must Find New Wave Length at Once. NEW' YORK, April 9 (®).—Forty- two broadcasting stations in the United States are within the 10 kilo- cycle range of wave lengths used by the Canadian stations and must find other waves before the new radio law becomes effective April 24, 0. H. Cald. well of the Federal Radio Commi=sion said here today. “These stations have been ordered to find channels between 199.9 meters and 220.4 meters,” he said explain- ing that there is only one station to four wave lengths in this wave band at present. which he thought would leave plent; of room for the 42 sta- tions. The list of conflicting stations re- ¢ leased by Mr, Caldweil follow KGDX, Shreveport: KFWC, San Bernardino, Calif.; KBKN, Brooklyn; WMBY, Bloominaton, - Il.: WOCH, Oriando. Fla.. KWKH, Shreveport; WAFD, Detroit; KGRC, San Antonio: WJAZ, Mount Prospect, Iil.: WFRL, Brookiyn; KGEQ, _ Mmneapolis: KGCB, Oklahoma City; WLBG, Petersburg, Va.; WNBY, Leroy, N. Y.; KOLO, Durango, Colo.; WFHH, Clearwater, Fla.: WFIW, Hopkins- ville, Ky.; WOAN, Tenn.; WNBI, Peru, las, Tex,; WEW, St. WMBS, 'Harrisburg, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; town, Ohio; W. WMBK, Hamilton, Ferndale, Mich.: W N. Y.; WOK, Homewood, 1l..: WMBL, Lakeland, Fla.; WABF, Pringleboro, Pa.; WRCW, Chicago: KFCR. Santa Barbara, Calif.; KFXF. Denver; KWLC, Decorah, La.; KFKB, Mi ford, Kans.; KGCH, Wayne, Neb. WJAY, Cleveland: WFLA, Boca Raton, Fla. and KRLO, Los Angeles. MOSCOW MAKES APPEAL. “"OSCOW, April 9 (#).—The sen- tencing to death at Dedham, Mass., of Sacco and Vanzetti has caused the Red prisoner relief to make a new ap- peal to world toilers and the Intelli- gentsia to protest against “this new , crime of the American Bourgeoisie.” The way. of protest which the ap- peal urges, .says the organization, “mus’ oblige the narrow-headed and coarse American judges to cancel their verdict.” The appeal rehearses . the alleged innocence of the con- demned men, contradictions developed during their trial and “their inhuman suffering during seven years awaiting death.” Transit Survey in New York. NEW YORK, April 9 (#).—Charles E. Smith, consulting engineer, of St. Louls, has been engaged to make & general transit survey in this city, the city finance department announced § 7th Cavalry, at Fort Bliss, Tex. today. He will begin his work here Wednesday. 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