Evening Star Newspaper, January 16, 1927, Page 59

WASHINGTON OF LITERAT Mary Roberts Rinehart, Herbert Putnam' AS CENTER URE PRAISED and Dr. George F. Bowerman Discuss President’s ldeal for Capital. The World’s Greatest President Coolidge in his me: Ignge to_the Capital City 1 world id, “express the seat of his G cultured lic ought to symmetric architecture, patriotic pride “In the coming years Wa center of our own country. bt it should center all that is bes and in art.” The Su letters and and what must_be done to att: President Coolidge. he series begins with “\Wa Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Con librarian of the Public Library, an herewith give their views b which would the i day ar is ing s BY WILLIAM RUFUS SCOTT. | EVER before has a _presidential | declaration about Washington | evg d as much interest amo leaders in all lines as that pas sage in President Coolidge's annual message to Congress in I ember in which he challenged the ‘ation to make this city the greatest capital in the world. The most enthusiastic approval, nat come from leaders in the jewee, learning, letters and art, specifica ¢ the President as activities which he v pre-eminent in the . The fact that the President enlist the whole American peo- ple in the task of giving Washington hip is accorded especial emphasis. 1t is conceded that, architecturally, the new ‘ederal building program will put Washington far forward in world competition. The questions asked arc: What relative position does Washington hold now as a world apital in the four aspects of science, learning, letters and art? \What must be done to attain the leadership Pre dent Coolidge desires and what the people and their representat do to bring the ideal to realit Literary Aspect Surveyed. The first of the four subjects surveyed is Washington as a_ letters. Three outstanding Was ns were asked the foregoing questions. Herbert Putnam, librarian of the Library of Congress; Dr. George . Bowerman, librarian of the Public ry, and Mary Roberts Rinehart, world famous writer, unite in saying that Washington not only has made an admirable start, but is certain eventually to take the lead. The two librarians describe the literary sources here. for writers, while M Rinehart tells why she thinks Wash- ington is the ideal place of residence for a write! The Library has one of the three tions in the worl “titg two other seum, in London, Nationale, at P: the $1.250,000 branch librar m indorsed by the Gibson (su\:]l‘;- mittee of the House rict com- eittee s carried through,” says Dr. Bowerman, “with adequate admini trative financing, the Public Librar Will advance much closer to the goal hip mentioned.” inducement " says Rinehart. of en- vironment, the traditions of hospital- | fty and the stimulating eontacts—all provide an ideal background. Two Libraries Distinct. | 1t is becoming better understood in cm:gress and among the publiC that there is no rivalry or overlapping in the functions of the Library of Con- d the Public Library. They needs, sup- nd together re- rs. of Congress already largest collec- s Mr. Putna‘nl, being the British Mu- and the Biblio- i gress an fill separate and distinct plementing each other an . furnishing, with other libraries in \Washington, the finest literary aid writers and the public can find in this hemisphere. £ h!ivpreew:lmim Ernest W. Gibson of Vermont, chairman of the subcom- mittee investigating District affairs, in commenting on the magnificent public buildings soon to go up in YWashington, said at a hearing at- tended by Dr. Bowerman and others that the things of the mind and soul should not be overlooked by Congress n beautifying the National Capital. e and his subcommitteemen accord ingly showed keen interest in the e: panding plans of the Public Library. When the facilities now here and anticipated are surveyed, with Putnam and Dr. Bowerman as guides, one wonders how writers and investi- gators will be able henceforth to Ii or work anywhere else than in Wash- ington. For instance, the Library of Con- gress has a good start on a plan whereby it will give super-university wervice to the public through en-| lowed ‘“chairs” on various subjects, | <uch as American history, music, Semities and others. These chal as in universities. would be occupied by experts who would lecture on their subjects, as well as give assistance to patrons in utilizing the resources of the library. Endowments Are Sought. The plan is to encourage wealthy Americans to endow individual chairs, with $75,000 on an average, the in- come from which would supplement | the moderate salaries pald by the Government at the library, afid so at et the most capable men. It may eem novel for private citizens to| help a governmental institution, but | iL is “taking on” and will develop the library service in an unparalleled way. ‘The 11 branch library buildings which Dr. Bowerman asks for the | Public Library will take directly to| the people the facilities they need, | 1nd Congress is asked for the money 1o build them, because the Carnegie | corporation has discontinued furthér | ifts, Since Washingtol pei the bottom in the e cities in the number of its branch libr the distance to be traveled in this re. «pect to make Washington the center of®letters is manifest Along special lines « arch, it is interesting ssing that the National athedral has made a vhat is expected be iwrgest theological libra orld, with or more volumes, fhe first wing of the build now | completed, will house 20,000 volumes. | ries, study and 0 note in Episcopal | start toward | s in the Mr. Putnam’s Views. Elaborating on the idea of super-| iniversity service at the Library of | ongress, Mr, Putnam says it means | ‘hat. what ~New Yorkers have done | or - the Metropolitan Museum and | heir own public lil what Chi- | have done the Field | An citize ar 1« erican be o do tional Library Gifts of private collections, endow uts of chairs and funds for the ac- sition of ma sort t 't suitably be purc om the iblie funds-—alone can » the brary to the fullest breadth and listinction, ior such endowments a simple p cdure has been proyvided brary of Gengre L & Tru ind hington t to tell how Washington stands now | compri | the libraries of the | strong:: at of Railway Economic would not part with them, deficiency is being"met by obtaining facsimiles. i scripts and the printed rarities, which | will afford to the American scholar the substance, them. facsimil libraries and archive offices abroad of concern to the student of American history simile of medieval or ancient manu- scripts, and evéry procurable repro- ductjon of first editions of the raritie has already collections almost, if not ‘Guite, pre-eminent., stance, it has the greatest American collection of publicatio secleties; it has, through international exchange, the officiul publications of Chinese enlarged. single collection in the United States. | At the top of the new s ! and man of culture who has retired | Capital—A Challenge! ssage to Congress issued a chal- American people to make Washmgton the greatest ¢ soul of America. Whenever an overnment, however traveled and find a city of stately proportion, laid out and adorned with the best that there is in arouse his imagination and stir his uld be not only the art e art center of the world. Around n science, in learning, in letters, ome leaders in science, lcarning, ¢ n these respects the world leadership proposed by 1gton as a Literary Center,” and gress; Dr. George F. Bowerman, d Mary Roberts Rinehart. writer, created by Congress last yedr. 3 small body, headed by the f the Treasury, with all the powers necessary to enable it to take, hold and administer funds. With a completed “faculty” of scholarly men welcoming the investi- zator, imbued with his own spirit of esearch, speaking his language, eager to serve him, and having back of them this great mas material, the Library of Congress will develop a much broader usefulness to writers and the public. Great Collections Here. As for the scope uf the Library of Congress and of other libraries and collections here, Washington alread has libraries containing perhaps mos volumes in proportion to its popula- tion than any other city in the world. Apart from the Library of Congres: with its 3,500,000 volumes and its manuscripts, maps, music and prinf ing several millon other item: there are nearly 2,000,000 volumes in ederal depart It is Sccretary ments and bureaus. These collections are not merely certain of them (the library of the Surgeon General's Office and the library of the Department of | Agriculture) are almost pre-eminent in the special fields of science ] pecial flelds of sclence. with 1, %o nrate and distinet part which they deal. 2 important to an in-| vestigator is that, ociated with | them, are scientific workers actually | engaged in research, pure and ap- plied. It means for an investigator, instead of collections of inert ma- terial, a group of collections vitalized by the active use of experts. There are still other collections. In one field there is significant material Georgetown Univel nd in another, the remarkable Latin Amer- ican collection (Oliveira Lima) at the Catholic Univers There are the Pan-American Union and the Bureau the Carnegle Institution, the Bureau of Historical Research, to mention only some of the more notable. Copies of Originals. Certain original manuscripts are | ever likely to come to America. b use European and other capital but_this H The library is systematically secur-} ng substitutes for both the manu- if not the form, of It has, for instance, for years past been securing transcripts and s of manuseripts in the| it secures every published fac- In certain distinct fields the Library In science, for in- of learned foreign countries, as well as of the ! States. It has an enormous collection of serial publications, including files of newspapers. It has one of the! largest and richest collections of Ru sian books outside of Russia, and of literature outside of China. excellent basic collection of of Indica and of Scandi- It ha Hebraica, navica. Its collection of maps and charts i one of the largest and now one of tl most acti and is being constant Tts collection of prints numbers over 400,000 items, and of music (one of the most notable exist- ing) over a million items. In manu- script_sources for American history its collection is the most important All this may seem impressive, but it does not mean that the collections are yet what they should be for the N: tional Library of the United States. Privileges for Writers. Privileges and assistance are given writers and investigators at the Li- brary of Congress. It admits the in- vestigator directly to the shelves, as- signs him an alcove, where he may have his books and papers about him, or his stenographer and typewriter, and issues books to him for use out- side of the building. The effect has been to attract nu- merous scholars to Washington, if not to reside, at least to sojourn. They have already resulted in many a book produced within the walls of the Li- brary and many another incubated “here. It has becomie a habit of c tain authors to spend parts of each year there, and of many a professor in a university or college to spend there a semester or sabbatical year. k nearing completion there will be over 30 small rooms dedicated to them. Washington will increasingls to it, as it has notably alre not merely the scholar g gaged in research, but many a s draw from it, thus mospl. experience, Looking backward, Dr. Ainsworth Spofford in_a paper read before the Columbia_Historical Society in 1902, mentioned 176 authors identified with Washington. John Burroughs, for instance, wrote “Wake Robin" largely in the vaults of the Treasury Depart- Poets included I'rancis Scott John Howard Payne, Walt Whit- n and Joaquin Miller. Other _writers were John Hay, Frances Hodgson Burnett and Thomas son Page John Hay, once thought of the Capi as a “literary center,” answered that he thought “the great presses and publishing houses were the nucleus of literary workers, but that the ad- vantages_afforded, or to be afforded, by the National Library and other ermment facilities must of ne invite authors to Washington. Views of . Bowerman fere on my desk,” said Dr. Bower- man, “you will see a clipping of that vassige in the President’s message in which he nurges the creation of the premier Capital of the world. So far the Public Library is involved in n ked what he s possibilities | seize the opportunity to devote most THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. €. JANUARY 16, 1927—PART 2. 8 !BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR.] N THE days when kings and | queens reigned over their sub-| jects the gratification of the de- of those in high places was | regarded as of supreme moment; | {but in these days the selfish pursuit | of personal ends at the expense of | the group can and will no longer be | tolerated. Men are rapidly coming to see that | human life is of infinitely greater | {value than material wealth; that the | health, happiness and well being of | | the individual, however humble, is| Inot to be sacrificed to the selfish | aggrandizement of the more fortunate | {or more powerful. | Modern thought is placing less em phasis on material considerations. It is recognizing that the basis of na- tional progress, whether industrial or social, is the health, efficiency and spiritual developmbnt of the people. * was there a more profound ibelief in human life than today. | Whether men work with brain or Ibrawn, they are human beings, and re much alike in their cravings, their spirations, their hatreds and their | capacity for suffering and for enjoy- | ment The soundest industrial policy 1is that which has constantly in mind, | the welfare of emploves as well as'| the making of profits, and which, when human considerations demand it, subordinates profits to welfare. In- dustrial relations are essentially hu- man relations. It is, therefore; the duty of evel |one intrusted with industrial leade: | ship to do all in his power to improve the conditions under which men work and live. The day has passed when the co: ceptions of industry as chiefly a rev- enue-producing process can be main- tained. To cling to such a conception is only to arouse antagonisms and to court trouble. In the light of the present. every thoughtful man must concede that the purpose of industry is quite as {much the advancement of social well | being as the accumulation of wealth. It remains none the less true, how- ever, that to be successful, industry must not only serve the community and the workers adequately, but must also realize a just return on capital | invested | Never | | distributed among the other parties. It is frequently maintained that the parties to industry must necessarily be hostile and antagonistic. T am con- vinced that the opposite is true; that they are not enemies but partners; and that they have a common interest. Moreover, success cannot be brought about through the assumption by any one party of a position of dominance and arbitrary control; rather it is de- | pendenit upon the co-operation of all four. Partnership. not enmity,-is the * 4 industry are four {in number; they are capital, lmvan-‘“,u =ty agement, labor and the communlty. | "1t co.operation between the parties Capital is represented by the stock- |, ynqustry is sound business and good Lolders and s usually resarded 43| gocial economics, why is antgonism embracing manageme | sometimes found in its stead Management is, however, an entire | ey is revealed in a survey of the de i Dinceion i ‘essentiany’ au- | YolODIONEt Of Industry. i . Iy 4| "1y the early days of Industry the ministrative; it comprises the exer ". }fum‘,l(um; of capital and management tive officers, who bring to industry 5 were not infrequently combined in the technical skill and managerial expe-| no% 4iaual who was rience. He in turn was in Labor consists of the employes. i S Vi e e Labor, like capital, is an investor - 8 4 A formed a vital part of the community. in industry; but labor’s contributions, | FEHEC & P Bt O e frequent, and unlike that of capital, is not detach- e L e It insy | IPutuslicanpierics existed: When aif able from s it, since | ¢ Gioke & ANy aa- it is in the nature of physical effort ;3‘::‘1”“ foBe thby: weré qul and s a part of the worker’s strength and life. Here the The parties to dustry * ally ends. The | fourth party, namely, the community, whose interest is vital, and in the last analysls controlling, is too often ignored. The community’s right to represen- tation in the control of industry and in the shaping of the industrial poli- is similar to that of the other Were it not for the commun- ity’s contribution, in maintaining law and order, in providing agencies of transportation and communication, in furnishing systems of money and credit and in rendering other services— all involving continuous outlays—the operations of capital, management and labor would be enormously hampered, if not rendered well nigh impossible. W Ok W As industry developed, aggregations of capital were required larger than a single individual could provide nswer to this demand the cc tion, with its many stockholder: evolved. Countless workers took the place of the handiuls of employes of earlier days. Plants scattered all over the country superseded the single | plant in a given community Obviously this development rendered impossible the personal relations which had existed in industry and lessened the spirit of common’ inte: est and understanding. Thus the door was opened to suspicion and distrust, enmity crept in, antagonisms devel- oped. The parties to industry came to view each other as enemles instead of A as friends and partners, and to think The community, furthermore, of thejy interests as antagonist onsumer of the product of industry, |rather than common. and the money which it pays for the | The sense of isolation and detach product reimburses capital for its ad- [ment from the accomplishments of in- vances and ultimately provides the |dustry, which too often comes to the wages, salarles and profits t workers of today, can be overcome list u of December. Its armies, led by a man of authentic genius, Gen. Chang Kai Shek, the South China Republic had. extended i sway over all China south of the Yangtsze, except the northern part of Chekiang province. The great prov- inces of Yunnan and Szechuan had just adhered to BY HENRY W. BUNN about the first HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the en days ended January 1 Our Insignificant Planet.— ept for China, there has been little doing in the world during the past week requiring special notice. 1 therefore Cantonese columns Were being pushed northward into the provinces of IHonan and Aihwei, while the main Cantonese army, under |Chang Kai Shek, was advancing north through Chekiang toward Shanghai. Meantime, the northern Kuominchun (the army of the north- ern adherents of the Kuomintang, the great Nationalist party, of which the South China Republic is the child), recognized by Feng Yu. Hsiang, the hristlan general” in Kansu prov- ince, whither that army had retreated when driven from Chill last April by Wu Pei Fu, was moving eastward from Kansu through Shensi, with the aim of making Jjunction with the Cantonese forces moving northward through Honan and Anhwei, the com- bined forces to drive eastward and at the least prevent further succor to Shanghai while Chang Kal Shek should deal with the defenders of that town. An alliance of northern war lords had just been struck, including Chang Tso Lin, super tuchun of Man- huria; Chang Tsung Chang, tuchun of Shantung; Yen Hsi Shan, tuchun of Shens, and Sun Chuan Feng, the domain of the last named, which only @ few months ago embraced the five | Ereat provinces of Kiangsu, Anhwei, | Kiangsi, Fukien and Chekiang, now being reduced to Kiangsu and parts of Anhwei and Chekiang. But extréme doubt was generally felt as to the likelihood of effective o-operation between those allies. It was noted, for example, that whereas Chang Tsung Chang, tuchun of Shan- tung, was obviously in the best po- sition 1o give aid toward the defense of Shanghal, he hesitated to incur the danger of flank attack (ahove glanced at) or that of being ineluctably com- promised in.the fate of Shanghai. He has, moreover, an ancient feud with Sun Chuan Feng, which has not been safely composed. Moreover, the allies found themselves desperately i-m_h:‘er' ed with respect to Wu el Fu. of this article to China. ’ The recent senatorial elections in France very little affected Poincare’s position or prospects. For some three weeks now, through government in- fervention, the franc has been kept fairly pegged, with only insignificant fluctuations. = The world is waiting upon Poincare’s next move, but that | master of silence gives no hint. The German cabinet crisis con tinues. Dr. Curtius of the People’s party has just failed in an attempt Yo form a cabinet which should in- clude representatives of the Demo- crats, Centrists, Populists and Na- tlonals, with Nationalists predomi- nating, There is a_widespread feel- ing that general elections are not o ts, not without rea- Britain expec son, rapld recovery from the dismal effects of the strike. Spain is looking forware vening of tl\oh.\numm! promised for February. . Pl Scandinavian ~countries and Holland are thriving quietly, as usual. The rehabilitation of the Belglan economy proceeds without slacken- ing. Differing report: d to the con- Assembly, reach \:s as to sults from TItaly's deflation pro- s free “starting something” in ans Mussolini has been fairly quiet. We are waiting for :111 from that characteristic enterp: s:.‘ The new Lithuanian government ' “liquidating” dissaffection; stupidly to appearance. Poland con wishers by doubt as to her In Rumania the m messier 3 2 Teports from Russia, so conflicting, leave us all at sea as to economic con- Hitions. but Tussian hopes are high of a lethal blow to British trade and prestige by way of China. : Asia, China escepted, seems fairly quiescent; the same of Africa and South America. The European press is not neglecting the opportunity to break its wit and vent its spleen on the development of our policies anent Panama and Nicaragua; but these lit- tle attentions leave us ‘‘more than usual calm.” The secular disharmony between the United States and Mexico is in a phase of acute discord. It depends on one’s point of view how serlously one nsiders the changes of the past insignificant planet which dly spins round a second- 5 gram the Balki tinues to sadden her well behavior which deepens political capacit ess grows daily * That warrior, after his defeat by the Cantonese before Wuchang, re- tired in Honan with the remnant of his army. He is now in the neigh- borhood of Chen Chau, in northeast- ern Honan—tifat is, in a position to contest the eastward advance of the Kuominchun or the southern ad- vance of succor for Shanghal. He has not adhered to the northern alliance. We have no information as to the strength of his command, but no doubt it is sufficient (moreover, the marshal is probably the most skillful commander in the field) to be a_ welcome reinforcement to either of the grand groups. Had he been properly supported by the allies above mentioned. Wu Pei Fu would not have been beaten at Wu Chang. He has no reason to love either .group, but he is a great patriot and * % * % * ¥ cems probable that the historian of 2200 A. D., reviewing the course of the great Chinese revolution then about ended, will record that the most critical phase of that revolution hat ). we frankly have a_con (Continued on Fourteenth Dage.) 4 began towards the end of 1 Let us see what the situ: will mo doubt act accordingly. His decisiop is in many ways "A« tion was The an- | In| JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. PO R UIE U S S ot ol i & e v o SRES SERPE I SR | . only by contact with the other con- tributing parties. ‘Where such con- tact s not possible directly, it must be brought about indirectly through rep- resentation. In this way only can common purpose be kept-alive, indi- vidual interests safeguarded and the general welfare promcted. The question which now confronts the student of industrial problems is | how to re-establish personal relations nd_co-operation i spite of changed onditions. The answer is not doubt- |ful or questionable, but absolutely ear and unmistakable; it is through adequate representation of the four parties in the councils of industry. Various methods of representation in industry have been developed; con- | splcuous among them are those of labor union tions. * Labor unions have sccured for labor in general many advantages in hours, wages and standards of working con- ditions, A large proportion of the workers of the country, however, are outside of these organizations, and, unless somehow represented, are not in a position to bargain collectivel Therefore representation of labor, to be adequate, must be more compre- hnsive and all-inclusive than anything thus far attained through its unions. Representation on the employers' de has been developed through the stablishment of trade associations, the purpose of which is to discuss matters of common interest and to {act, in so far as is legally permissible and to the common advantage, along lines that are generally similar. But here also representation is inadequate. Many employers do not belong to em- ployers’ associations, A plan of representation which a number of American industries have adopted aims to overcome these diffi- cultfes. The plan begins with the elec- tion of representatives in a. single plant, and is capable of indefinite de- velopment to meet the complex needs of any industry and of wide extension %o as to include all industries. Equally applicable in industries where union or non-union labor or both are em- ployed, it seeks to provide full and There does not appear to have been puch fighting since early De- cembet. Apparently the Kuominchun has penetrated some way into north- west Ionan. Apparently advance troops of Chang Kai Shek have made contact with Sun Chuan Feng's forces near Hangchow. It is the geheral opinion that ere long the Cantonese will be in possession of hanghai _and so of the Yangtze Basin. But to return to early December: The personnel and machinery of the South China gov- ernment were in_process of transfer from Canton to Wuchang. The most important member of the govern- ment, Lugene Chen, the foreign min- ister, was installed at Wuchang. A scarcely less important personage, M. Borodin, Russlan adviser to the political bureau (more or less mod- eled on the Russian politburo), grand or of propaganda and agita- . and his choice crew, the flower ‘anton, whose native genius has received a polish and perfume by adaptation thereto of the Muscovite technique—those nice people had for some time been working at Hankow (across the river from Wuchang), organizing the proletariat of “the Chicago of China” into a labor union, “closely resembling Soviets,” making all ready for “Der Tag.” They announced a general strike and boycott against the British con- cession to commence December 4, but Miles Lampson, the new British minister to China (accredited to Peking), having announced his inten- tion to visit Hankow and his wish to confer with representatives of the ‘Wuchang government, the strike promoters, at, the instance of the government, postponed the strike pending the outcome of such confer- ences. * x It should de remarked here that the Kuomintang (the National Peo- ple’'s party), whereof the South Chinese Republic is the child, and to which all the adherents of that re- public belong, has two sections, mod- erates ande extremists. It is under- stood that the former are for a rea- sonable ,composition with the treaty powers, for achievement, if possible, of the Nationalist aims by amicable and gradual adjustment; that the latter re for immediate, brusque and com- pulsory measures. The moderate leaders distrust Russia and are dis- posed to regard as genuine the con- ciliatory gestures, of ‘Britain. They recognize that capital will be needed for achlevement of-their program for the rehabilitation of China, and’ that it is only obtainable from the ‘treaty powers. They recognize, too, that the new China of their dreams has need of that Western science and efficiency which Russia is unable to supply. ~ The extremist leaders, on the other hand, are blind fanatics; their minds have been inflamed by Borodin's Mongoloid adaptation’ of the gospel of Lenin; they see Red. Our information is nr"r:m pnun] as to the character of the Wuchang. Let us speak of “a governing )" "We' d:‘ n';n- lmovi-mc ‘hspegute pro- rates and extremists and employers' associa- | entire | 1 To Promote the Welfare of Mankind | fair representation to labor, capital land management, taking cognizance of the community. | * % K * Thus far it has developed a spirit | of co-operation amd good will which | commends it to both employer and | employe. The outstanding features of this| plan of industrial representation are as follows: Representatives chosen by the em- ployes, in_proportion to their number, from their fellow workers in each plant form the basis of the plan. Joint committees, composed of equal numbers of employes or thelr repre- sentatives and of officers of the cem- pany, are found in each plant or dis- trict These committees deal with all mat |ters pertaining to employment and | working and living conditions, includ- | ing questions of co-operation and con- {ciliation, safety and accident, sanita- tion, health and housing, recreation | and ‘education. |~ Joint conferences of representatives of employes and officers of the com- pany are held in the various districts several times each year. There is also an annual joint con- ference, at which reports from all dis. tricts are received and considered. Another important feature of the | plan is an officer known as the presi- | dent’s industrial representative, whose duty it is to visit the plants currently and confer with the employes’ repre- sentatives, as well as to be avallable always for conference at the request of the representative: Thus the employes, through their representatives chosen from among themselves, are in constant touch and conference with the management and representatives of the stockholders in regard to matters pertaining to their common interést. A further feature of the plan is what may be termed the employes’ Dill of rights. This covers such mat- ters as the right to caution and sus- pension before discharge except for such serious offenses as are posted; the right to hold meetings at appro priate places outside of working hours; The right without discrimination to membership or non-membership in any soclety, fraternity or union, and the right of appeal. The employe's right of appeal is a third outstanding feature of the plan, Any employe with a grievance, real or imagina may go with it at once to_his representatives. The fepresentatives not infrequent- Iy find there fs no ground for the grievance and are able so to convince | the employe. | "But if a grievance does exist, or | dissatisfaction on the part of the em- ploye continues, the matter is carried to the local boss, foreman or super- {ntendent, with whom in the majority Iof cases it is amicably and satlsfac- torily settled Further appeal is open to the ab- grieved employe, either in person or through his representatives, to the higher officers and to the president. 1t satisfaction is not to be had from the company, the court of last appeal may- be the Industrial Commissian of the State, the State Labor Board or a committee of arbitration. ® X Kk K Under its operation the participants | in industry are being convinced of the soundness of the proposition that they are fundamentally friends and not enemles; that their interests are common, not opposed. Moreover, pros- perity, good will and happiness are resulting. Based gs the plan is upon principles of justice to all, its success can be counted on so long as it is carried out in a spirit of sincerity and fair play. Here, then would seem to be method of providing representaticn which is just, which is effective, which is applicable to all employes, whether organized or unorganized; to all em- ployers, whether in associations or not; which does not compete or in. terfere with exlsting organizations or associations, and which, while devel- oped in a single industrial corporation as a unit, ma: be expanded to include all corporations in the same industry and ultimately all industries. (Covyright. 1927.) | | | in that group. We are told, however, | that Eugene Chen is a moderate. Well, at any rate, the strike and | boycott, threatened for December 4, | were postponed pending the outcome | of a_conference at Hankow between | Mr. Lampson, the British Minister to | Peking, and representatives of the ! Wuchang government. That con- ference took place in mid-December | and lasted some days. We have no | definite official information concern- ing it, except that it did not result | in a satisfactory understanding. 1| cite the following from unofficial | sources as plausible: That Mr. | Lampson offered on behalf of the | British government provisional | recognition, on certain conditions, of | the Wuchang government as the de facto governmeént of the territory | actually swayed by it, and that he | declined to recognize the claim of | that governmdnt to be the central government of all China. But we don’t know. We only know that an understanding Was not reached and that upon the break-up of the con- ference the extremist agitators got busy. * * Meantime (i. e, while the Hankow conversations were still in process) the British charge d'affaires at Peking had submitted to the diplo- matic corps there an_ important memorandum. We havé only very imperfect summaries of that docu- main recommendations are lows: (1) “That the ' interested powers notify to China immediate and un- conditional going into effect of the customs increases, conditionally promised by the Washington confer- ence; the surplus beyond what is now pledged to the service of for- eign loans to be turned over to the provincial authorities. (2) That the said powers pledge their willingness to negotiate with a view to just revision of the present treaties upon the basis of recognition of full Chinese sovereignty as soon as fol- as | by_spiritual friendliness. | would do well to cut the League ment to go upon, but apparently its | RADIOPHONE BY SIR PHILIP GIBBS | EVERAL events during the past | week have directed the atten- tion of European observers and especially British public opin- jon to the world policy of the United States. Although widely di-| vided in importance and subject. cer tain facts are linked together in European minds as bringing America more closely, for good or evil, into the sphere of international problems and policles which cannot be isolated in_this modern world. I will give this strange, disconnected list of events. Iirst come those wire- less telephone conversations between New York and London. Second is William Randolph Hearst's manifesto to the editors of his newspapers pro claiming that the time is ripe for some pact of co-operation between ail English-speaking nations in order to preserve peace among themselves and as far as possible to secure the peace of the world. Third is America’s po- litical control of Nicaragua and its consequences in Mexico. Fourth is the American policy or lack of policy in China. Fifth is President Cool- idge’s action regarding the mew cruiser program. Sixth, now, tomor- row and henceforth, is the com- mercial and financial relations of the United States with Europe and thelr own internal prosperity at the beginning this new year of history. Now, all these things which do not seem to have much relation with each other have set many tongues to wag- ging, many pens to seribbling, many typewriters to clicking in Iurope. Broadly speaking, Europe is aware that these United States is not nearl so aloof from other peoples’ busine: and political ples as we or they imagine. What Effect Phone Talks? In England these telephone conver- sations between New York and Lon- don or London and Los Angeles have thrilled popular imagination. The old herring pond seems to have shrunk to a mere rivulet. Three thousand miles have been bridged by a whisper over a wire and through the air between English lips and American_ears and the other way about. Undoubtedly we have been brought closer to the United States by this v invention. Imaginative writers have let themselves go on the subject of closer sympathy and un- derstanding that must follow this rapid communication. T do not think that this is the in- evitable result. France and Ger- many have been close nelghbors for a long time. Letters have been de- livered quickly between Paris and Berlin. That has not made them love one another. All this speeding up of communication will not make for closer sympathy unless it is attended It is for that reason that Mr. Hearst's note to his editors is really more important than & transatlantic wireless conversation, if its idea is developed with sincerity. The Hearst press has not been famous for its friendliness to Great Britain. Mr. Hearst's editors, and especially, per- haps, Mr. Brisbane, have enjoyed good sport in twisting the lion's tail and tweaking John Bull's nose. Po- litical cartoons in Hearst's new. papers undid much of the attempt by intellectual leaders on both sides of the Atlantic to create: friendly feelings. Would Not Ignore Proposal. In many cases, no doubt, Great Brit- ain was an easy target for this kind of sport, but between two great na- tlons speaking the same and largely responsible for civiliza- tion this politcial bullyragging is re- grettable. Because Mr. Hearst's news- papers reach millions of American | readers who are seldom influenced by other written or spoken words it is profoundly important to my mind that he should make this gesture of friendship and co-operation. England will be foolish to ignore or despise. So far the comment has been mixed. Mr. Hearst's sincerity bas been questioned. In England cynics say, “What's his little game?” His disbelief in the League of Nations as an effective instrument to world peace is taken as suggesting th Great Britain and her sister mnat ons and form a group of English-speaking na- tions with the United States That is impossible. Great Britain | is a part of the Kuropean s Her people guarantee peace between | France and Germany by the Locarno treaty. She is up to her neck in the League and its responsibilities. But 1| see«no reason why this should pre-| vent English-speaking nations from | co-operating language | AS SYMBOL OF PEACE IS QUESTIONED Bringing Nations Closer Together Excel- lent, Provided Friendliness Goes With It, Says Observer. in a separate pact preserva peace among themselvés ay use their combined influence to safe. guard world peace as far as possibie I agree with Mr. Hearst that the time is ripe for this co-operation betwee: English-speaking nations. I cannot and need not disguise tha European opinion is somewhat turbed by recent American tendencink and acts. For some time floods of idealism reaching Europe from th United States seemed to rebuke us for the national rivalries, commercia. aggression and imperialistic ambitions which plunged us into the Worll War and prepared other bloody con flicts for future history. We were taught to belleve the United Sta'es stood pledged in its soul to peace, « bitration and disinterested action wit all other nations. Scofferssee in this Nicaraguan treaty sométhing like Eu ropean methods of foreign policy and In private houses I hear re suggesting that American bis will drag the United States into a war with Mexico, not for civ lization but for commercial interests There is also ironical comment about that American cruiser program at a time when European disarma ment is being ardently advocated b- American idealists. Again, public opinion in England is becoming slightly perturbed about American action in China. Does ths United States, it is asked, stand alo side Great Britain in defending for eign quarters at Hankow and else where, or are they secretly pleasc that British trade is being seriousiy ' damaged by these attacks, inspircd purely by bolshevik influence? D American people support Britishi pledges to concede many clalms mads on behalf of Chinese national pr and independence, or are they i favor of some separate policy? Tha is to say, do the United States ar Great Britain stand together in 1! Chinese affalr, or are they pulli against each other for different vantages? Urges Official Statement AlL this is popular talk, based mair on ignorance. I, for one, cannot swer those questions, but T think t1 ought to be answered by an authorit\ in high office and in editorial chairs It is not only right but necessar that there should be a loyal pledse of co-operation and common poli these world problems between us Eng lish-speaking peoples, hecause events are hurrying apace and our combined influence is wanted novw. Those transatlantic | phone talks will not they merely have mentione tele | wireless avail much uss the weather. I ast upon my list of subjects which bring the United States into European conversation eir immense finan 1 pros ity That, of course, is always pregent in the mass-mind of Europe. It is rather but there is a_growing feel ing among forelgn observers that American prosperity is mot likely tos last in its present magnificence and security without a financlal crisis first magnitude. I am too little of a economist to understand the eviden upon which this idea Is based, but Seems to be suggested that the people of the United States are living too much on the deferrred paymept sys tem and their banks are giving foo much credit without security. Be that as it may, I know something about how the present financial and * | industrial supremacy of the United | States is regamled as a new menace to the world by nations like France who owe money which they have repay, and by Germany, who sin the war has borrowed enormously develop industrial activities. States England's Position. England, who is paying up its debr painfully, has not this particular com- ¢ plex about the United States, but I will be frank in saying England alw is not certain that the United States is to be relied upon in all parts of the - world to stand side by side with other ¢ English-speaking nations when her , own national interests and commercial ambitions seem to dictate a policy of competition or diplomatic rivglry No doubt the people of the United , tates have exactly the same feelin about Great Britain, amoanting some times to busifess suspicion or ironi cal comment. It is for this reason that one would , like those telephone conversations to be heart-to-heart talks, and Mr ' Hearst's idea is to be put into action Quick communication will not b blessing unless it helps the Englis speaking people to understand each other’s spirit, and more so when they ring each other up by wireless (Copsright. 1927, New Naval Parley Here Held Unlikely Because U. S. Offers No Inducement threaten any European country, while the spectacle of American ~mone: | sunk in warships would delight E rope. ‘Any British proposal to_reduce cruiser strength would instantly evoke violent Australian protest and would probably be equally unpopular in Canada. The British Navy is the single guarantee of a white Australia. The Australlans are not interested in how many or few cruisers the United States may have, but in how many the British possess. The enormous expense_incident to the constru of the Singapore base is the best ev dence of this feeling. As for the Japanese, they are not concerned with any American agita- tion; for them the Washington con- ference was a huge victory. They suc- ceeded in establishing a_prohibition to_any American fortification of in- Jar _possessions beyond Ha mob inf Hankow, Kiukiang and else- where along the Yangtze. On January 3 the populace swarmed into the British concession at Han- kow. A mere handful of British police, bluejackets and marines held them off with clubbed weapons for a Chinese government competent so to mnegotiate has been . established; that .the powers declare recognition “in_principle” of Chinese tariff #uton- omy and promise &cquiescence in tariff legislation enacted by competent national authority. (3) That the powers promise imme- diate action toward revision of extra- territorial arrangements, with a view to_abolition. of extraterritoriality as rapidly as possible. (4) That the powers solemnly and jointly announce renunciation by them of the idea of foreign tutelage over China, political or economic. Did “sweet reasonableness” prevail, in China, a it nouncement the powers to | effects might have a cel ory influence. the powers _tencell? by 1of foreigners and the greater inter- ‘concerned. But no such joint pronouncement by | has ‘possil four hours until a detachment of Can- tonese soldiery arrived. Eugene Chen having represented to the Brit- ish authorities that unless all armed British should be withdrawn to the ships he could not answer for conse- quences, the women and children in the concession (including 60 Ameri- cans) were put aboard shipping for Shanghal 2nd the great concession was in effect’ surrendered to the Wu- chang authorities. Similar scenes were enacted at Kiukiang, Ichang and Wuhi, appar- ently with greater violence and more complete purgation of foreigners; but the Hankow affalr overshadows the others because of the larger number | eats . Putting it in a large way, one may properly say that China resymed her own throughout the Ydngtze Basin, with the important of Shanghai. What, then, of_probabilities at Shanghai? But I must make a stop, proposing for next week further discussion of thd ‘grand’ Teatutes' of this magnificent | feel that th | countries They ceuld take the Philippines a any moment. They will not reduce . their cruiser strength because thers is nothing which we could offer ir return. In point of fact the United States was ‘“traded out” at the Washington * conference. All that we had that in- terested any one we disposed of. We g gave up potential naval supremacy in the battle-line. That satisfled the | British. We abandoned the right to fortify our insular possessions and that satisfidl the Japanese. We have nothing to offer now. The French hey were badly treated and no temptation to be caught 3 between the two Anglo-Saxon : Mussolini is seeking in all | ways to expand his navy as a detail in the new Roman Italy. = There is, then, little or no reason why any European country should come to Washington. There are, ob- viously, many reasons why all should * refuse. There is no naval problem in Europe. All European states ar willing to let the question stand as it . So are the Japanese. There is no political question, save the debts. which might be made the basis for trading. If the Coolidge administration i prepared to promise a reduction ir Suropean debts commensurate with saving in American naval expendi ture, there might be at least a pass ing consideration for the project, but not otherwise. The basis of all inter national conferences is the ordinary - basis of trade. The countries must have something which they want t buy or sell. We had potential battle- * ship superiority in 1921. We sold it Britain _now_ has actual cruiser superiority. Possibly we might buy it. But not for a mere paper agree- * ment. - Politically, today we have exactly 4 one thing which interests Europe and , that is the debt. To get rid of that ™ Europe would come to a conference. Conversely, while we refuse .to con- sider the debt as open to reduction. ., Europe has no interest in any Ameri- can project and not the smailest rea- son for trying to meet the wishes of « the Coolidge administration. , That 1s ., why the threat to build 10 or 20 cruisers is an empty threat. If they * were built they would not change the Furopean political situation, for < they would not be a factor there. The European point of view in utshéll is, ““Build and be v (Coprright, 1927.) ve gain ®