Evening Star Newspaper, December 24, 1926, Page 17

AIR FANS DESIRE TIMED PROGRAMS Suggestion Is Made That Major Features Start Right on the Hour. A majority of radio fans are like the person who comes into a theater late, blundering his way into the pro- gram and wondering what it's all about. It is helieved that this sort of thing could he eliminated by starting programs at certain defini'e times, allowing “stand-by"” periods to fill in ! the intervals between the end of one feature and the beginning of the next. Major programs could start on the hour, while features of lesser impor- tance might begin on the quarter hour. Borrowing the well known railroad phrashe, the radio listener would know that “every hour on the hour” he oould expect momething special. He then would be in time to hear the #nnouncement and know just what he was going to hear. Question of Clocks. With public utility companies de- veloping the electric clock idea, it will not be long before every household will know exactly and precisely what time it {s. Slow timepieces will be no excuse for being late for a program. The way things are handled at pres. ent, the average fan looks at his watch when he desires to hear a cer- tain feature he sees liste2 in the news- paper and finds that he is late or verhaps early. If late he has to re- main at sea regarding the name of | the selection he is hearing, or guess as to what the speaker said in his opening remarks, depending upon the nature of the program. Radio Like Theater. | Continuous programs are not par- | ticularly satisfactory. The public lkes to go to its entertainments at definite times. The continuous picture | or vaudeville show is never quite as enjoyable as the performance that has a definite beginning and a definite end. The latter always is more of an event, The same thing applies to radio. Fans are cutting in and cutting out in such a way that poor programs often gain more patronage than good ones. Paul A. Greene and Arthur Ains- worth, announcers of WSAI, Cincin- nati, have introduced the perfect con- tinuity announcement. Where form- erly Greene, at.the station’s studios in the plant of the owner, would an- nounce that the Hotel Sinton dance music would follow, and another an- nouncement would be made from the | hotel by Ainsworth immediately after- | ward, the announcement is now made thus: Green (at WSAD—You will next hear the dance music of Henry— Ainsworth (at hotel)—Theis rrum the Club Chatterbox at the Hotel Sinten. It's worked this way. Ainsworth ‘wears headphones at the hotel and at the word “Henry,” the control op- erator in a flash turns the program from 'WSAI to the Sinton, and Ains- worth continues the sentence with “Theis,” and unless the listener is especially alert he will not notice that lwotmen have made the announce- ment. Static, that huml\ou of radio recep- tion, played havoc last night with the offerings of the out-of-town broad- casters. Manifew to a slight degree | early in the evening, the atmos- | pherles inoreased in intensity and | frequency as the night wore on. Coupled with the usual interference | on the crowded wave lengths, we Bhl,ll record December 23 on our log .| just another bad radio night, and hope that Santa Claus will use his in- fluence to clear the ether ch(nnall for the new fans who will join us to- :m::-row night in the dial-twisting ents. Christmas music will have the right-of-way on the programs of vir tually all broadcasting stations to- night. WRC will offer a program pre- dominately flavored with carols and other appropriate music. The big fea- ture, however, will be the national concert and songfest, which WRC will broadcast locally. The largest chain of radio stations ever connected will take part in this novel event. The concert here will be broadcast | | under the auspices of The Kvening | Btar. In its issue today The Star carries the program and the words and music for all of the carols to enable those desiring to take part to foin their voices with the huge radio ohoir under the direction of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman and Dr. Henry Rowe Shelley. JOINS COX PAPERS. Nebraska Editor to Direct Policies of Ohio String. LINCOLN, Nebr.,, December 24 .—Walter L. Locke, assoclate edi- tor of the Nebraska State Journal, accepted the editorship of the Dayton, Ohlo, News, owned by James M. Cox, it was announced here last night. Mr. Locke will leave here shortly after tho first of the year. The position includes directing edi- torial pages of the Springfleld, Ohio, News and the Canton News. LocalRadioEntertainment Friday, Dec. 24, 1926 NAA—Naal Radio Station, Radi | Va. @385 Metersy e 9:66 p.m.—Time signals. 10:06 p.m. — Weather ports. WRHF—Washingtoh Radio Hospital Fund (256 Meters). i 11 to 12 noon—Current e\'ents police reports (dalily). Bureau re- ‘WRC—Radio Corporation of America (468.5 Meters). 8:30 to 5 p.m.—Concert by the United States Marine Band broadcast jointly with WEAF from the Marine Bar- racks. 5 p.m.—Mayflower Orchestra, 80 p.m. — Community Christmas uea celebration from Sherman Square. 30 p.m.—George F. Ross, pianist. 6:45_ p.m.—"“Book Reviews,” by Mrs. Nina Reed. 7 _p.m.—Hamjiton Orchestra. ¥:50 p.m. — Chimes from Grace @march, New York City. 8 p.m.—Carol service from Grace ©hurch, New York City. 9 pm.—Ice Cream Hour, from Z. 10 pm. — Anglo-Persians, from AF. 1030 p.m.—Christmas carol chorus, | with Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, from WEAF. 12:06 .m.—Midnight mass from the Bhrine of the Sacred Heart. Early Program Tomorrow. 11:65 a.m.—Arlington time signals, 13 noon—Organ recital. 1 p.m.—Mayflower Orchestra 3 p.m.—Mixed quartet from WEAF. 0 5. — Markel's Balalaika Or 10:00—Chicago: 10:30—Fort v' 4:00—New York: Betty Lee Detroit: News, ‘marke Yocal and 'piano solor ¢:30—New \ork Astor Concert Orchestra ‘and ‘weather reports; musical pro- THE EVENING STAR, —— e LONG RANGE RADIO ENTERTAINMENT FRIDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1926. Programs of Distant Stations Scheduled for Eastern Standard Time Stations. Meters. Miles. .WMCA 341 204 X 397 204 361.2 ey 204 204 18 4543 5 TO 6 P.M. $:00—New_York: Seville String Ensemble chestra ‘Crescent_Orchestr: Astor concert; market re] 510—New York: Police Teporis: orean: carnl T 6 TO T ; Dinner concert . " Goldket pemble Balimcre WAL Sandman i hm. u;,d Christmas eve carol service art s b aimner dance music - Bretton Hall StAng Quariet .. lelphia :_choru ches Pmlndeluhln Tajes by Hoily Berrs Bicago: Supperbell program: market Musi; K i ,1" = ldhleM fashion m'k “gan ket _report Alantie. News: :r‘in reoml l; WBALOrchiestra o 75- ot Onohestra w York Sohdents ucu‘un Orchestra icago: O Forest Hills Inn Or-m, gaasuus S E— Blaw o Do 5388809 PM. 0 $223 SEeS eaae =3 £2 ERNSEISES SHabi 3 & wo cowssosen i ce @d ommeiaRs police mneru ulk hesira si.mm, con'cert farm addresa: readint o Chatles. Dick: Carol. " by . " Rretton Hall string_ Quarte Lee's Orchestra Boston: Concert: tal Schenectady: Sunday s Rice. Vil olinist: music study w York ta; weather: tall % York: Catmbalgm recital: son "le\rlm}d Talk: studio program, mollaro Entertainers 7:30—Dallae: Power compa: adelphia any DrokT - Dance Orchestra 3 Il'r:’ll‘-‘ntnry chimes from Grace Church 8:00—Atlantic Clty: Searide Tric adelphia Lawrence P rlox 61 hr 'Phfludrlnhn e M Sylvania _Orchestra: “Chs in oS, AT, ORor sololst New York: I'éunflnlton ‘hour chenec o the et by W WGY Piavern Bowon: Hacves Quartet: radio Ny W\‘IACDP mw awark: Daca. PRisbureh - Kandy Andvs Toy Tim Springfield ‘musical program Atlantle Oity- Xew York: Treasureland Ensembl Chirago: Drake Concert. Ensemble ope New Yor] nnrau "l“rhllm Cincin 8:30—Dee Ntofnes; Ralieh Quintet. Chicago: Christ Sherma Aneele al program 3 Bmdlo concert lis: Farm lectare cert: Womi 0% Tk CoMistman progtam Symphony Orchestra: cital: dance orchestra: Moorman Friendly half hour orfi”“mflul 3 Pl-y review “Enow Your City'": Yocal and instrumental recital musical - program i Mysterious tenor: it Conn, By thmic Atlantie City; Dramati Pittsburgh time Newark : Orun m? S program 5 Paraphrase: ociet: nsem Wi Breyer hour, Fm Steters; WHAL 00 Orel St t hestra: vocal soloiste .. Lester Mather, Sprin “Beboon "LghY hour Orchestra : X8D. w Dallas: Symphony o1 % Orchestra singers: othi kit Oxhl‘ovd s mune [ Melody Mixers 9’70 10 PM. \ aartet ommRmas Aisoo {RgERsAs Fistiias caro] sérvice tmu‘:’ Grace ancantar Crlldren's Choris Christinas pariy Caaino Dance Orchesira: chal"' oméri's Collewe proeram i Barre ren ] a8 o o3 s cosmwonaas 23 guABRzReas S3 83333233 io mm M 28588 882888 233353 82332 o2 ow & 2 MouNIE WA ©o 10 -m ll P the Stocking 'We:thrr and misail ""'mf"'"'m. o o’ Pler Bismarck Orcllut‘rl Cbristmss muslc by mixeq WBBM ance Orchosira ‘eather: Bond Orchestra ndm lle and " Oreh Euterpean Club CDHM ‘l) i : Christmas le Nadman, WR. WEEL w-n?: Viol of the Road. program .. by }arm Flagers . 11 T0 12 MIDNIGHT. 11:00—Chicago: Sam and Hen -am rehestra e akbeche Char, Cleveland Pal Hartiord ews: *Christ Carols by Festivi " Conj Atlantic ‘City Newarl usical ~ program “Choras. quariet and orche York: Community sing t's Orcl l'ett ornm . w York: Sy tist Churel Los Anro Philadeiphia hoi ot St 12:00—New York: Sil Los Angel McATpin fl-urmw recital ki The Music Box: Bible reading: Emerson Gill's’ Orchestra ', New York: Joscha Guerwich's Symph New York: Frivolity Club Entertainer 111 “Club Mecker's' Orchestra: entertainers 'mphis 12:45—Raness City: Special Rrn al Chrlstmas service - Drogram lTO!:AIl. 1:00—Chicago: Hamm's Orchestra: entertaine Clos “Anceles: Feature program: Ambassador Orchesira . McDUFFIE HELD SANE. Former White House Policeman Wins Release. Paul A. McDuffie, former White House policeman, was adjudged sane vesterday by a jury before Justice Hoehling of the District Supreme Court. McDuffle was ordered released from St. Ellzabeth's Hospital, where he has been held since last July when he was declared insane following the filing of an indictment against him for an alleged assault on his wife, Norma McDuffie. He gave bail of $1,600 to answer the indictment and will spend Christmas in freedom. McDuffle is charged in the indict- ment with shooting at his wife at their home, 333 E street southeast. He is represented by Attorneys Wilton J. Lambert and Arthur Gorman Lam- bert. Tuberculosis In young children most frequently attacks the .. lymphatic glands of the neck. 2% WEXR .KNX PLANS SMOKE WAR. Fowler Increases Force to Halt Violations. Dr. William C. Fowler, District health officer, increased his force of smoke inspectors yesterday from one to six men, preparatory to inaugu- rating a drastic campaign against vio- lators of the anti-smoke law. “There is absolutely no excuse for ‘Washington being ravaged by smoke blots,” sald Dr. Fowler, “and I am going to do what I can to stop it. ‘There is a good quality of coal to be had this year, and people should use it. Most of the smoke comes from cheap coal.’ The anti-smoke ordinance prescribes a penalty of fines ranging from $10 to $100. Private residences, steam shovels, locomot! and steam rollers re excepted. —————— An automobile that can be run side- ways has been invented to make park- ing easter. Dr. RADIO RELIEF ACTS BEFORE CONGRESS Commerce Officials Await Necessary Laws for Clearing Chaos. Anticipating radio legislation to iron out a congested broadcasting situation which has seen a 20 per cent increase in the number of stations “on the air’ and brought numerous complaints from listeners of inabllity to separate stations and eliminate station inter- ference, the Commerce Department has prepared plans for bringing the present “chaos” of the air back to the approximate situation which pre- vailed before a Chicago judge ruled last Spring that the department had no authority over the ether channels. That the task will be a real job and may take considerable time 18 the prediction of W. D. Terrell, chief of the radio division of the department, to whom the job will fall if legislation placing control of the air under the Commerce Department is «passed. More than 140 new stations have en- tered the broadcasting field since July 1, according to Mr. Terrell, bringing the total number of stations up to nearly 650. The greatest number of new stations have been set up in areas which were already well supplied with broadcasters, notably around Chicago and New York. Up to last Tuesday, 11 new stations had been added to the alr tangle around Chicago, while more than a score of new broadcasters had taken over air channels around New York. Chicago had more than a score of big broadcasting stations before July 1, while New York was on the air with nearly that number. At the time of the Chicago court ruling and the opinion of the Attorney General hold- ing that the Commerce Department has no authority over unlimited use of the air there were more than 500 stations using the air channels, with some dividing thelr time and others having full-time wave bands. Secretary Hoover does not care to comment on the radio situation pend- ing disposition by Congress of the radlo legislation which is now before the law-making body, he said today. But in the meantime plans have gone quietly ahead for bringing order out of the ether chaos the Commerce Secre- tary predicted more than six months ago. The job will be a big one, since the question of public service and public Interest enters into the entire situation in general and in detail. The department has before it an application from the Columbia Uni- versity School, 1024 Eighth street, for a station to pe called WCUS and to go on the air to broadcast general programs and matters of interest to students. INDEMNITY CO. HELD FOR BOND OF $10,000 Court Orders Collection in Case of Liquor-Iaden Schooner That Violated Iaw. By the Associated Pre NORFOLK, Va., December 24.—Fed- eral Judge D. Lawrence Groner yes- terday decided that the Government was entitled to recover from the Eagle Indemnity Co., a bond of $10,- 000 given as surety that the schooner G. H. Murray, which put in here in distress in 1924, would not land in the United States a cargo of liquor which she had aboard at the time. The vessel's name is sald to have been changed to the Arsene J., which recently attracted nation-wide atten- tion by escaping from the Coast Guard in the Gulf of Mexico with two prohibition agents aboard, land- ing them 10 days later in Mexico. ‘When the G. H. Murray came into Norfolk in 1924, her manifest show- ed she had aboard a cargo of liquor for St. Plerre, Miquelin, a French port. She was permitted to remain here for repairs after giving a bond of $10,000, furnished by the Eagle In- demnity Co., as guarantee that none of the liquor would be landed in the United States, having agreed, accord- ing to Government attorneys, to file a certificate within six months showing that the cargo had been delivered at a forelgn port. The Government con- tended that no such certificate had ever been produced, but admitted that it had no evidence to show that the liquor had been landed at any specific place in the United States. ———e BRAZIL PLANS STATION. Be at Manaos, Far Up Amazon River. Far up the Amazon River, in an iso- lated but commercially important region, the government of Brazil pro- poses to erect a l-kilowatt broadcast- ing station, with a wave lenth of 100 meters, and has already purchased apparatus from the Marconi Co. of London, according to advices just re- celved by the Department of Com- merce from G. E. Seltzer, vice consul at Manaos, Brazil. The station will be located at Manaos, and it is reported in Brazil that the government intends to install a radio outfit in a central location in every wil 04 | municipality within receiving range of the Manaos station. Commercial no- tices pertaining to market quotations in export products, exchange rates, stocks on hand, port movements and the like, will first be broadcast. Later it is expected that interest will be stimulated enough to make the region a good market for recelving sets for popular usage. Dr: Rudolph Schifman Dies. PASEDENA, Callf., December 24 (#)—Dr Rudolph Schiffman, mil- lionaire discoverer of an asthma pow- der, formerly of St. Paul, Minn,, died here early yesterday. RADIO’S BEST OFFERINGS TONIGHT. Community Christmas Tree Celebration =~ from Sherman Squarey WRC, 5:50 o'clock. Christmas program, WABC, 8:30 pm. to 1:30 am. Yuletide concert, WNYC, 9:30 to 10:30 o'clock. Chimes and carol service from Grace Church, New York City, WRC and WEAF, 7:50 to 9 o'clock. “Hanging the Novelty night, Y, 10:15 to 11 Stocking,” WR o'clock. Chrlsuuas carol chorus, with' S. Parkes Cadman, WRC nnd WEATF, 10:30 to 12 o'clock. Midnight seses from the Shrine o acred Heart Churchy 2:05 a.m. WASHINGTON, D.".C. - FRIDAY, Choir Leader CLINEDIMS MARY LOUISE SULLIVAN, Choir director and ol ist of the Shrine of the Sacred Heart Church, whose speclally Christmas music will by it by WRC during the midnight mass M the Church. EQUIPMENT OF NAA 1S BEING MOVED Washington Will Have Two Standard Frequency Sta- tions After Transfer. oo SRR Station NAA, operated by the United States Navy at Arlington, Is now occu- pled with removing its broadcast equipment across the Potomac River to the Navy Yard at Washington. Thereby, Navy officials hope to elim- inate code and other noises picked up by induction caused by nearby radio apparatus, and they hope also to im- prove the station’s modulation and quality. The transfer of station NAA from the Virginia shore gives Washington two of the standard frequency. sta- tions recently designated by the Bu- reau of Standards. Tested by bureau scientists 69 times during the last 13 months, NAA had not deviated from its assigned frequency of 690 kilo- cycles, or 434.5 meters, WRC Tested 160 Times. ‘WRC, which is operated by the Ra. dio Corporation of America, was tested 160 times during the past 35 months, and its deviation from its wave length of 640 Kkilocycles also was so slight that it was likewise listed as a stand- ard frequency station. In making known the list of stand- ard frequency stations, the Bureau of Standards calls attention to the fact that their transmitted frequencles have been so constant that they may be used as standards for calibrating frequency meters. All of the tests are on kilocycle frequencies, which are easlly translated into meters. These are the other standard fre- quency stations: KDKA, operated by the Westinghouse Electric & Manu- facturing Co., at East Pittsburgh, on 4,711 and 970 frequency kilocycles; WBZ, Westinghouse Co., at Spring- field, Mass., 900 kilocycles; WGY, Gen- eral Eleétric Co., at Schenectady, 790 kilocycles; WJZ, Radio Corporation of America, at Bound Brook, N. J., 660 kilocycles; WEAF, National Broad- casting Co., New York City, 610 kilo- cycles; WVA, United States Army, at Annapolis, 100 kilocycles, and NSS, United States Navy, at Annapolis, 17.50 kilocycles. Other low frequen- cies that are standard were the four stations of the Radlo Corporation of America—WII, New Brunswick, N. J., 21.80 frequency kilocycles; WGG, Tuckerton, No. 1, N. J., 18.86; WCI, 'I‘uckerlon. N. J., 17.95, and WSS, Rocky Point, N. Y., 18.60. The Arllnglol\ station is the only radio broadcasting station maintained by the Government for its own use. It is operated by the Navy for any Government department or activity re- quiring the transmission of official Government business. At present it is used net only for the three daily weather reports and time signals, but for lectures by the United States Pub- lic Health Service, the Department of Agriculture and the Civil Service Com- mission. GAS CZAR IS CHOSEN. New York Lawyer to Supervise Gotham’s Independents. NEW YORK, December 24 (#).— Benjamin A. Jarvitz, general counsel for the Petroleum Merchants, Inc., of New York, has been named “czar” of 95 per cent of the inde- pendent gasoline distributors oper- ating in the metropolitan district, he announced. As impartial arbiter at their head, it will be his duty to supervise the maintenance of standard quality and the elimination of ‘“bootleg” gaso- line, he said. The new policy has been in effect for about two months, Mr. Javitz sald, and already has produced gratifying standardization of qual- ity in the gasoline 'sold by inde- pendents. ‘'Oh, come with us to Lake Tahoe,” my boon companions said; “in our own car we plan to go, our wagon painted red. It is the back-to-nature goods that makes men young again; we'll have a campfire in the woods, and there we'll broil a hen. Unhappy is the luckless wight who has not seen Tahoe; it is indeed a wondrous sight, as all good tourists know. So break away from easy chalr, from this, your resting place, and get some sandburs in your hair, and freckles om “your face.” I made reply, “Full well I know that lake's with charms replete; I've read some 50 books or so about the grand retreat. Mark Twain em- balmed the place in words that move a man to tears; and the other nobly gifted birds have boosted it for years. I have a picture in my mind that I would keep intact; and if I went there I would find the lake a frost, in fact. ‘Whene'er I meet celebrities, be“they the hufan brand, or merely-land- scapes, lakes or trees, I disappolnted stand. They never live up to their tame; they all seem gone to seed; so play your back- to-nature game, and I'll stay home and read.” When they re- turned it was to croak of hardships black and dour; they ran against some poison oak which made their blood turn sour. Some hunters filled their legs with shot, mistaking them for deer, and everywhere they went they fought misfortunes strange and queer. And while they scrapped with every foe that misery could spring, I sat and read of Lake Tahoe, and sipped a Volstead sling. I haVe'no scars, I do not ache, I do not itch birn; and I know more about that mn they will ever lnrn ALT \lA‘!oH. |conymm xezl DEC EMBER 24, 1926. FUNGUS SEXUAL HYBRIDS PRODUCED Development at Plant Indus- try Bureau Called First Succesgful Test. Spores of a hybrid fungus fruit body have been developed at a labo- ratory of the Bureau of Plant Indus- try here by Df. C. L. Sheare and Dr. B. 0. Dodge. They are believed by Washington botanists to be the first true sexual hybrids between distinct fungi species ever produced experimentally. The work promises to throw much new light on the origin of new strains of fungus disease in plants, such a rusts and molds, which may have a far-reaching effect on agriculture. It frequently happens that the De- partment of Agriculture is called upon to fight a hitherto unknown mosaic or rust which is wiping out of {a crop which has been considered im- mune. Such a disease may seem dlifferent than any previously encoun- tered anywhere in the world and will seem to have dropped out of a clear sky. The experiments tend to show that these new parasites really have resulted from combinations of forms long known to science. With their origin and life history determined, it will be much, easier to devise means of combating them. Classification of Fungl. The classification of the fungi in- cludes a large group of parasitic plant forms ranging from gilant toadstools to microscoplc forms such as produce wheat rust, black spot on rose leaves and mold on jellies and bread. They are closely allled with the bacteria, although not of the same family. Propagation of fungi has been gen- erally by asexual spores. That is, the distribution apparently has been provided for and the life of the race continued by spores shot forth by individuals and, of course, continues indefinitely of the same variety and specles. There has been no cross fertilization of spores. The same type of wheat rust or jelly mold has continued through countless generations. Most of the higher varieties of plant life continually are producing new varieties by hybridi zation, but in the fungl new form: although suspected, have not actu- ally been demonstrated to have arisen by crossing two different species. The present experiments, which were described before the Botanical Society of Washington meeting at the Cosmos Club Tuesday night by Dr. Sheare and Dr. Dodge, were made in the course of an investiga- tion of the life history of a red bread mold, and it is hoped that they will result in the development of new forms of the fungi by crosses. Causes Fruit Decay. This red mold has appeared in bakeries in varlous countries in the world and it also causes fruit decay. Unless the dough is heated to an unusual degree in baking, this red mold appears in a day or so and renders the loaf unfit for sale or for the table. Ordinary baking does not kill the mold, which soon in- fects the whoje loaf. The fungus responsible was isolated and named early in the present cen- tury in France, but no effort was made to trace it ahy further. Later a fungus of similar type was found on trunks of burned trees in Japan and Brazil, but it wos not at first connected with the bread mold. It was not until the experiments were undertaken here that the sexual and asexual types were brought together. Then it was found that when the two forms are grown together they unite, producing spores of a different type— black instead of red. ‘This In itself was not new. Fungus varieties have been crossed in the past and produced a type which lasted for one generation, but which has not been proved capable of reproducing itself. The spores simply would burst into powder as soon as they were shot forth, and that would be the end of that type. But in this case the hybrid seems to be producing perfect spores, thus assuring the new family of perpetua- tion. It'is not merely a new variety, say Dr. Sheare and ,Dr. Dodge, has all the earmarks of a new species in the fungi group. Progress Far Apart. Here were two species of plant life which had continued their progress in the world far apart for thousands of generations. - Nelther had been known to have shown the slightest inclina-} tion to mate with any of the numertus forms with which they must have come in contact in nature. Suddenly they are brought together and recog- nize each other at once as destined mates for whom they have been seek- ing through the countless centurles. It is a botanical love romance, say the botanists, which deserves to become a classic. If these things happen in the lab- oratory, it is held, they must also happen in nature when favorable circumstances arise. It may fllustrate a curious working of evolution in re- lation to the law of survival. An ex- ample citéd was that of two pear trees growing side by side. One is of a varfety which is subject to some rust disease which soon strips it of its leaves, and, of course, renders it worthless. The other pear tree is of an immune variety. But with all the leaves off the first tree the fungi have nothing to live on. A new type must be produced ca. pable of llving on the other pear tree or they will perish. And quite fre- quently, to the mystification of science, such a new varfety does ap- pear suddenly and the supposedly im- mune pear tree becomes as worthless as the other. It has become a prey to a new enemy called forth from the reservoir 5f fungus life by the exi- gencles of the occasion. CORPORATION TO BUY TWO 0IL COMPANIES $3,500,000 Transfer Involves 680 Acres of Land Leased From Government. By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, Calif., December 24—Negotiations have been closed by the General Petroleum Corporation for the purchase of the assets of the Boston Paclfic Ol Co., and the Balboa , aggregating more than $3,- ‘The announcement was made sterday by officials of the pur- chasing company. The deals are sub- ject to the approval of stockholders of the two lellln‘ companies next ‘week. The Bosfon compmy holds 200 acres on a’Government lease in the Midwat Field, with 15 wells producing 1,000 barrels of oil daily. The Balboa has a Government lease on 480 acres in the Buena Vista Fileld of Kern County, with a production of 1,500 barrels daily. Lack of Work Kills Most. NDICOTT, N. Y., December 24 ). —“More Joan, dh from lack of ‘work rerwork,” 18- the adverse cmn son, head%of the extensive En Johnson Shoe Co upon the proposed five-day week. MEN AND MONEY By M. S. Rukeyser. (Covyrizht. 1926.) Bankers in overalls are symbols of the heightened prosperity of the Amer- ican workingman. After the war, the organized toiler was no longer satisfled with the full dinner pail; he also came to want a safe deposit box filled with murlues Accordingly, in the last six years, State and natlonal banks. awned nd managed by labor. have sprung into existence. As one of the labor leaders, J. S. Potofsky, a young man ef 30, who used to be a pants maker, and who is now vice president of the Amalga- mated Bank in New York City, the first labor bank at the Nation's fore- most citadel of capital, characterized the movement: 'The days when labor was satisfied with just bread and butter are gone. Today labor justly requires leisure, beauty, culture and things that it could not have unless it asserted it- self by assuming power and responsi- bility. It is to the credit of the labor movement that it has made its ap- proach to the problem of labor bank- ing without Utopian dreams and scho- lastic formulae. Its practical applica- tion has assured its success.” Movement in Infancy. The movement is still apparently in ity early stages, and statistics become obsolete as soon as they are compiled. Many new labor banks have been pro- jected. The best available estimate places the resources of the 37 labor banks at more than $120,000,000 in the aggregate, with those of individual in- stitutions ranging from $200,000 to $27,000,000. Most of these banks are less than three years old, and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers National Bank of Cleveland, the first commercial bank established by labor, folowingthe opening of a labor-owned savings bank jn Washington, was launched in November, 1920, under the guldance of the late Warren S. Stone, the leading personality in the new la- bor capitalism. It is significant that what Mr. Stone's conservative union initiated was followed not only by other brotherhoods afid by unions af- fillated with the American Federation of Labor, but also by the radical Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. In an address before the Academy of Political Science, Sidney Hillman, head of the Amalgamated, disclosed the underlying motives, saying: “La- bor’s interest in banking is a product of the post-war attitude of crganized labor toward the general problems of industry and of political and social life, Organized labor today is looking be- yond the formula of a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. It exhibits a growing tendency to become a con- structive and positive force. It i€ looking for a way to use its economic power to its own advantage. Labor seeks to assume responsibility for management, to obtain greater securi- ty for its members, to extend fits sphere of influence in all directions and to receive whatever benefits may come from accepting these respon- sibilities.” Some Paying Dividends. At least five of the banks are paying dividends. Most of them have shown surprising growth, and traditional banks for the most part have been friendly to them. The Bm&harhood Bank of Cleveland made history forming a syndicate with the Nl(lvnll City Company, bond subsidiary of New York's largest bank, to purchase a block of railroad securities, and is now regularly invited to participate in ‘Wall Street syndicates which bring out new stock and bond offerings. For the most part, the labor banks have been conservatively managed. And yet, like ordinary banks, each institu- tlon must be judged on its own mer- its. Only one of the labor banks—Iin Philadelphia—has thus far run into a serious snag, and there were special circumstances operating. The bank has since been taken over by a group of capitalists. The distinguishing marks of a labor bank are widely diffused ownership of the stock, limited transferability of shares, and lmitation of dividends, usually to 10 per cent. The Amalgamnted in New York. for example, has pioneered in fighting loan sharks by making character loans to individuals at a gross rate of 8 per cent. The bank has also made it pos- sible for immigrants to send dollar re- mittances to relatives in Russia and other Eastern European countries, ob- viating the extravagant charges which a specious group of so-called private bankers used to make. As a general rule, the bank avoids loans to em- ployes in the clothing industry in or- der to obviate complications in case of a strike. However, the bank is glad to make ordinary commercial loans to business men outside the clothing trade, although it purperts to avoid making loans for anti-social and non- essential purposes. Diffusion of Wealth. Labor banks will succeed to the extent that they concentrate on mak- ing safe loans and conservative in- vestments. They are playing an im- portant social role in the movement which Prof. T. N. Carver of Harvard University describes as the “present economic revolution in the United Btates” in which laborers are becom- ing capitalists. The labor banking movement {s closely related to the phenomena associated with the sale of securities to employes of corpora- tions and to customers.+ The late Warren Stone once told me that, if workingmen saved their money, they could control the rail- roads as owners in 10 years. The diffusion of wealth is swelling QERHAPS ‘you do not ed First Trust Note at care of in 12 equal 1415 K Street. by Goom P, John- 2 17 the ranks of the “haves” and depleting the ranks of the “have-nots.” These tendencies are constructive, but the millennium has not yet come. The capitalistic exploits of labor are con ducted by unions representing 10 pe: cent of all labor groups. Willlam E. Knox, former president of the American Bankers’ Association. states that if the life insurance and savings of the country were dis tributed among all Americans evenly, there would be less than $3,000 of protection for each family and hardly more than $1,000 of funds saved up in the banks. 2 Schemes to Beat the Market. The deep-seated human yearning fo easy money has long provided = market for the outpourings of tip: sters. Innocents are perpetually coming to Wall Street in search of some secret formula or clever plan for beating the stock marl They belleve that there is some magio key which will open the door to great stores of riches for them. ‘The quest for @& mechanical plan for making a killing in the stock market goes endlessly on. Hopeful men invent mechanical schemes which are intended to obviate the need of thought in attempting to judge cur- rent developments at the security market places, Such schemes see predestined to faflure because they ignore the fundamental fact that speculation is based on individual judgment. No mechanical system has yet been devised which records all the subtle influences that affect prices and which reliably measures the hu man element in speculation. Mechanical Schemes Useful. Mechanical schemes such as sta tistical charts are useful if employed as a supplement to rather than as a substitute for independent thinking The chief misuse that is made of charts springs from the assumption that the curves which record price changes in the future will touow the same patterns as in the past. Each business cycle, it is true, likely in general form to resembl~ those of the past, yet each has its unique characteristics and these c: be determined only by careful analy: of the current facts about the bus! ness situation. Another scheme widely used is the so-called stop-loss order, which is used in order to sell stock at the ma: ket when it price declines to a. apoculr figure. The stop loss order has a useful place in speculative technique. but is by no means foolproof. In a panicky market it is difficult to sell steck anywhere near the figure contemplated in the stop loss order. and, on the other hand, in minor re actions in a major upward movement. a stock will frequently dip down t the stop loss order figure and then continue its upward movement after shaking out those who employed this device. Scale orders average, the use of puts and calls, are other devices which have been used by successful specu- lators, but which used by others un linked to sound individual judgment on market values leads but to wulti mate loss. More Plans to Come. Irrespective of what critics may say about the fallacy of mechanical £chemes for beating the market, the production and sale of them will con- tinue. There is a type of mind which demands them. It is similar to the search for a perpetual motion ma- chine. In recent years, on the other hand. there has been very marked improve- ment in the United States in the char- acter of business and financial sta tistics. Along with the development of factual material there has come a new and better technique of express- ing these widespread data in simple statistical tables and charts. Such material which enables business men and speculators and investors to carry on their operations in line with facts instead of on the basis of guesswork is not to be confused with objection- able schemes which purport to elimi- nate the need of individual discrimi- nation. The new statistical data con- stitute a “judicious routine"—to use the phrase suggested by Walter Bage- hot. Much of the st material of this kind is prepared not by statistical associations alone, which charge high fees for their services, but by the statistical departments of banks which are glad to send the results of their findings in monthly reports free of charge to those who are interested. Among the best of these are the monthly Jetters prepared by the Fed- eral Reserve agents at the 12 Federal Reserve Banks throughout the coun- try, each of which will place on its’ mailing list any individual who ex- presses a desire to get the material Help Some 01}: to Save a $100 gift to every member of your family; we can’t all give gifts of that value. E]I) you ever think of the benefit that would accrue to the recipient by your making the first payment on a McKeever & Goss Register- whom you make such a gift is given an incentive to save. The effort made by you in coming to this office will be repaid with interest—at 61,%! WWENTY per cent is all that is required as a down payment of any of our Notes; the de- nominations are convenient ones. We have Notes at $100, $250, $500, $1,000 and up. 'HE balance unpaid on any note can be taken Two Receivers in O OARROH: TATRUS 40 ™o OU'LL BE GLAD YOU SAVED YOUR MONEY! When Vacation Time Comes FEDERAL-AMERICAN feel that you can afford The one to 61%4%? amounts next year.