Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1926, Page 30

30 PROBE OF COURT PRACTICES PLANNED IN CRIME INQUIRIES Study of Bail and VParole Systéms, Methods of Identifying Repeated Offenders and Other Problems Is Proposed. How: can the loopholes through which the confirmed criminal now escapes be effectively plugged up? The New York State Crime Com- mission is o to arork out an answer. BY LOU A sweeping investigation of the ju dicial system is under way in New York State as part of the effort for reforms in the methods of combating crime. Similar investigations are planned in New New Hamp nd other ew York 100,00 0to me Commission ded by Senator Newhurgh, took up its task rly in the vear. Experts have been intrer. viewed and visits have been made to Sing Sing and other State institutions. idney W. Brewster, warden of the vict prisons and of the House of Detention for Men in New York City, Anderson of Anti Sing Sing fame, who have appeared before the ¢ 1l n recently Mr. Brewste wd the opinion “Prohibizion is one of the major causes of erime today, both indirectiy and divectl Mr. A rson. Ny B various suggestions regarding prison administration and the passing of light sentences on confirmed crim inals. ature appro Chief Subject of Stud In a plan drawn up for the National Crime Commission Prof. Raymond G Moley of Columbia University outlined methods of procedure which will prob- ablv be followed in large part by the New York commission. This plan followed by the Cleveland Crime Com- mission, which studied 4,500 felonies and 4.000 misdemeanors in its survey of the crime situation in that eity. Among the questions Prof. Moley proposes as subjects of study for the commission are the following What percentage of cases which are fnitiated drop out in the preliminar hearing? In the prosecutor’s office” In the grand jury? In the trial court? How many are sentenced? Of these, how many escape punishment? What form do these dispositions take? How long does it take cases 1o pass through the various stages of the Judicial process? * How is the rate of progress affected by continuances? Is the outcome of the case affected by the length of time it takes in passing through the courts” Scientific P’ Moley testions for sion’s attention statistical basis he the com- mission will 1 e nswer defi nitely pertinent questions concerning the actual course of justice. The zathering of this material may als as a basis for reform propo: and will give a scientific background to the commission’s work [The commission will also make a study of the form and organization of police forces in the cities of the State. The selection, training and discipline of police officers, patrol methods and procedures in criminal investigation and identification and in crime pre vention will be surveyed. The sheriffs and constables of small towns will also be subjects of study for the commission. Having gathered material concerning the police activi ties, the question of prosecution will he taken un. The prosecutor’s powers, the fitness of for thelr work, the s of the prosecutor’s . the amount of work he must do and his compensation are among the things suggested for in quiry by Prof. Moley To Probe Bail System. The study of the State judiciary will inquire in particu into the bail bond situation to determine how fre quently, on what grounds and with what results bail is granted to per- sons accused of various offenses. The activities of professional hondsmen will be studied, their public and pri- vate connections may be invest and the business of surety comp: will also be taken up. ‘he jury svstem, which ¢ elaborate study by both the and the Missouri crime comn is stressed by the National Commission as an important factor in the crime situation. Among the ques tions recdmmended by Prof. Moley in thix respect are How many pleas of guilty are se- 1 in comparison with the number ses tried by jury? How are juries and in practice? epted in excus- service? If the names rom voting Jists, what effect does this have upon the number of those who vote? Is there a tendency to cease using the grand jury? peedure, sts these as typ nmis- this me in for To Test Adequacy of Records One of the deali with e o various branches of the judicial struc Just how correctly New York! records list_every step in a nd fix responsibility for its out come is not known. The filing methods of modern business will be applied to the cri nal records of the State. Criticism of the higher courts of the State re; rding appeals is also expec? ed to result from the investigation or this subject by the New York Crime sion The Missouri commis most important aspects pected to be that ice records of the made during | spected to prove val reorganizing the appeal sys jons. in p probation » studied by the New York com Durir 10 vears ex ! York State commuta lemency has been exercised ing the Smith has beer niore lenient duri was Gov. 1t s The 10 vears preceding. Gov Imost four vears s twe 1ses fc niency roles to Get Attention. Just how far the commission will in its study of parole is not yet known Prof. Moley's plan calls for an investi gation of a large number aroled cases to determine their or failure. A reconsideration of the tem has been sug gested to determine how parole offi- cers operate, what co-operation they get from police officials and what their aw Institute is now - study of the rules of 1l procedure in the various States and in the preparation of a amodel code of criminal procedure. The work has already made considers progress, and will probably b the disposal of the New York sion. The Nat has recommended that ate with the Americ in this study Mental Influences Studied. The Missouri Crime “Commission made a study of the mental aspects of crime by acquiring the services of a committes of the State Medical Asso- ciation. The influence of psychiatry in solving the problems of criminols oFy has proved important. The Missouri investigation showed Law Institute e as frequently | 1.000 per cent | that considerable progress had been made during recent vears in the prac- tical application of this branch of science. The study of me rela- tions and particularly of psychiatry | has been recommended by Prof. Moley in_his plan of procedure. The qualifications, methods and use- fulness of the coroner’s office may Iso be included in the study to be made, In Massachusetts and in some counties in New York the coroner’s office has dically reorganized as the result of similar investigations. Plans of the New York Crime Com- fssion also proposes a study of the anization as part of the crime | investigation’s proper field. The two contributions to the sym- { posium on erime conditions which fol- | iow are supplied by Alexander Konta, member of the New York State Board, and Robert Appleton, chairman of the prison committee of | seiation of Grand Jurors of | New York County. | Mr. Konta: | “Avallable statistics appear to show | that the parole system has aided in ! the reduttion of crime. Of th re- | teased from prison on parole. | first offenders and repeaters, recidivists, a small percentage only return to prison. They stick to their | promise to try to live a decent, self- | respecting life. | “Formerly released | have continued on the pathgof crime. By their present abstention trom new | eriminal acts they have helped to ve- | duce crime. In so far as the parole system has contributed to the rehabili | tation of these offenders, just so far | has the system demonstrated its {and achiéved the aims of its propo- | nents. “Any increase in crime is not due to ilure of reform methods, such as stem. The parole system convicts would e tence has been served, and cannot be called to account for the Rrowing | number of youthful firsi offender: “The system goes wrong only when | those who administer O Wrong. | Onlyconscience can prevent parole | boards or officers from going wrong | The subornation of officials by bribes | and promises of political preferment possible and often occurs. should the sins of the individual tem? Why should s shown its value of abuse and at- Suggests Changes. “The system, which is only a cen- tury old, is not perfect, but it has worked wonderfully well. and 1 would suggest several changes the system. ““The parole hoards should not be expected to ameliorate the con dition of alien criminals. Aliens who have abused the hospitality of our | country should be promptly deported after they pay their penalty to the State. “More than this, citizen who commits a crime should be deprived of his citizenship. To this desirable end the States should take concerted action to induce Congra to enact a new law giving the courts the right to cancel the citizenship of a naturalized citizen foreve “I favor the complete segregation of the first offender from prison com- panions more experienced in crime. Familiarity of the first offender with the repeater does not breed contempt but a leaning in the first offender to- ward a second offense. “Still_another suggestion is that a parole board should be made totally independent of the prison department. The men selected for parole commis sioners should be of the highest effi ciency and probity, with salaries at- tached to their office sufficlently large to prompt them to give much time to their dutles. the naturalized Urge State Supervision. “As the best incentive toward a thorough realization of the ideals of the parole system, the supervision of all paroled prisoners should be by the State and at the expense of the State. However well this supervision is no: being performed by private organiza- tions, it can be done better by the ate if the number of supervisors is large enough and each is well paid to do his work well. “Until records are available ft be impossible to register success for the system demands an elaborate follow-up sys- tem of paroled convicts. At present a convict is practically lost sight of, and if he makes good little is heard of him “To prove the complete success of the system, as covering the future of all released prisoners, and the per centage of failure would require a thorough study of the life of every paroled prisoner, not only during the limited period of his parole but throughout his after life, even to his death.” Appleton Finds Reform Ov M Appleton: ““The punitive branch of the New York legal system has been suffering from an overdose of reform and leni- will rdone. Cafes, Guggenheim C “fol- | Lift Right Off with | Fingers - No Pain! | | Crime Commission | ! It is so easy. You'll laugh, really so simple—Why wai Drop “Freezone” on that old, bothersome corn. Instantly it stops hurting; then shortly you life that sore, touchy corn right off with your fingers—without any pain or sore- 100 per cent | To do this | EVENING ency. The prison committee of the | Association of Grand Jurors has ob- served that the law does not define in practical terms the resourceful and merciless underworld character who is representative of a dangerous crim- inal class. It ishe who willingly as- saults and kills in order to gain pos- session of valuables with which to gratify his tastes for an indolent, un- productive and fast lif “The sentencing laws of New York recognize the repeated felon and re- quire that when he is committed to a State prison a_definite sentence shall be imposed. The fourth conviction for a felony, for example, permits a life sentence. Guesswork as to a man’s past (record can be eliminated only by gathering proper records un- der fingerprint classification. “If the record of an individual charged with a serious crime shows a series of previous convictions for rob- bery, burglary, arson. dope peddling or other felonies, the law should clearly define such an individual as a confirmed criminal. Inflexible and standardized sentences should be pro- vided for such men and should not be subject to modification by financial in- fluence or political pressure. “In the case of confirmed criminals all buil, probation or parole should be denied.” While the probation svstem had merits when applied to casual first off profession: The record judges do reles show that certain e confirmed criminals on probation. The fact that identifi- cation by fingerprints h: not been permitted until after conviction and because there is no central bureau of fingerprint records in ‘the greater city gives the judge a good alibi. He can alway ay he did not see the man’s record until action had been taken. “If the criminal records are prop- erly organized so that a certified copy of & man’s record is always available. the bondsman and the tric criminal 1 r would lose the most lucrative parw of their business and society would then be protected. The profes- sional plunderer would have to face his trial and be sentenced as a profes- sional without benefit of mercy in- tended for the hapless casual offender. Welfare Work Wasted. Release on bail while awaiting trial, release on parole under a sus- pended sentence. and early release from prison under an indterminate sentence were intended for the casual offender. He is entitled to their bene- fits. Many confirmed criminals have been sentenced to State prisons under indeterminate sentences. The discov- ery of the past records occurs after the pris ches the prison. The ¢ law allowing for resentencing in such a great step forward. Social and charitable agencies en aged in the work of salvaging re ed prisoners have long been over- d with released definite-sentence who are obviously bad pa- The workers must devote their time to these men, who generally break their parole and eventually are reincarcerated. The casual offender who has been released on parole after serving part of an indeterminate sen- tence is consequently neglected, when it is just that type of man who most needs and will most benefit by the work of the welfare organization (Coyright. 1926.) (Continued tomorrow - s of church members in a inc ased 800,000 dur 9 Method led the increase There are now 46,883.000 church mem- bers of a population of 116,000,000. Dont buy a asepCAr until youfave seen WARDMAN Thurcday.Friday,Saturdgy, 101 ELEVENTH STNW NORTH 599 | \ ! l \ e e i s ) ASTES differ usually—but there’s something about the flavor of National Ginger Ale that just Suits everybody. It’s the real gingerness. Made that the made same it famous. way By case or bottle at grocers or Served at and Fountains. delicatessens. Clubs 209 Eleventh St. Main 7637 ness. It works like a charm, every time. A tiny bottle of “Freezone” costs only a few cents at any drug store, suffident. to rid your feet gf every hard corn, soft corn and corn be- tween the toes and calluses—Try it! BREAD Large 13¢ Small 9¢ Pure Smoked b, ... l 9C 523,‘{,’,“3»5‘,"{:.,2 8C NUTMARGARINE call for butter. And nothing equals good butter, yet with butter prices such as they are, the use of butter is greatly curtailed. When you feel that butter is too expensive to use in cooking or baking, why not try Nutmargarine. It will give you surprisingly good satisfaction, and at present price costs you less than one- half the price of good butter. “FIRST PRIZE"” Nutmar- garine is the kihd you can rely upon. ‘Per Lb. Carton Z 5C Cheese, Ib. l Wisconsin Sun Many cooking recipe Per Can Sosp For L 10c Swift’s Cleanser 5¢ The Great Household Aid IVORY A Store Near Every Home 33c Brite i 20c Sausage and Bacon Cool mornings call for “more breakfast” Cook’s Cake Small Size, Each 25¢ all our stores: Flakes 24c -5 Or! ausage C .Kingan’s Sliced Bacon 1.Lb. Pkg., 28¢ on 55¢ Crisco Per bb.. .. 25C Loffler’s Bacon 4Lb. . Loffler’s All-Pork Sausage Meat Per Lb.. . .. request half smoked can be you—same price Direct deliveries to our stores enable us to offer you these two highly popular items within a few steps of vour home. In a few days all the following will be available at . I8 - 35 link and secured for green our Famos GREEN BAG COFFEE 'per . 39c¢ Evaporated Milk Why Pay More?—Try a Can VAN CAMP’S Large Tin ........]1 Q¢ Evaporated Milk Small Tin ........ 5¢C “PINK” Salmon Many advertisements have been run this past Summer in this newspaper, telling you of the merits of “Pink” Salmon. A large increase in sales have resulted. and you, too, will buy pink salmon for at least part of your household uses once you have tried a can. 17 Chicken a la King Marmalad College Inn Brand | ej Wonderfully good 30c Very fine 5 ‘Glen Rosa” brand [T S C |« catifornia product Land O’Lakes Brand Cans for 3 All other vari Price is comparatively low, and the brand of “Pink” we sell is top notch in this line. Per Can Small Wheatena Wheat Malt Bfst. Pettijohn’s None Better Made, Ib.. ... 550 BUTTER A Word About Pineapple For a number of years we have offered you “Honey Dew” Brand Ripe Hawaiian Pineapple Each year shows a big increade in sale—very good evidence to us of the merit of this brand. The canners advise us that the pineapple they pack in the large size cans is the finest of all the pack on the islands. You will readily appreciate this when you try it. In addition to offering you the finest grade packed, we offer it to you at a remark- ably low price. No. 23 Size Tin Special$ for This Week Duz Sc Rice Flakes 27¢31c Heinz Rice Flakes—as only Heinz can make them The wonder washing product. It duz” the work quickly. Pkgs. for Virginia Sweet Pk 10c A fine pancake flour—and a low price “Lux” Toilet Form An exceptionally fine toilet soap. At Cakes 25 this price you should buy a dozen cakes. for Per Dozen Cakes, 75¢ Pickling time is here Buy your vinegar now Gallon Jugs for P 95¢ Campbell’s TOMATO SOU Soups sell for Ten Cents per can. RAW CEREALS Cream of Wheat Earge. .......- Cream of Wheat Ralston’s Whole Quaker Oats . ..... Armour’s Oats .....10c ESc eties of Campbell's .24c .14c .24c .23c .20c 11c Food. .. Corn Peas ... Tomatoes Beans Asparagus Succotash Spaghetti Prunes Beets Vegetables Cut Stringless Shriver’s Ready to eat Cut beets soup “Sanitary” Brand The ever popular red carton, lb..5 20 Tall Round Can Ungraded stalks Cordova Brand It's real good Franco-American Sunnyside No. 1 Tin Silver Lake No. 3 Tins Mixed for Moderate Priced Canned Foods Shriver’s Blue Ridge The old reliable brand Shriver’s Silver Label the-heart of the Blue Ridge . Standard Grade No. 3 size tins 10c 10c 12%c 10c 17¢ 12%¢ 10c 15¢ 12}¢ 12Y¢ “Peter Pan”’ Inderrieden famous brand known to tens of thousands of our patrons. When you are in doubt, say “*Peter Pan” and you'll secure the finest quality corn and peas. A trial convinces. 25¢ = Clogc = 20c White Potatoes Sweet Potatoes Cabbage Peaches Cooking Apples Peas 10 Ibs., 39c /10 Ibs., 35¢ lor 5 lbs., 18¢ perlb, 3c Onions, 2 Ibs., 9¢c; or 4 Ibs., 19¢ Iceberg Lettuce, 2 heads, 25¢ Green String Beans, 3 lbs., 25¢ 4 lbs., 25¢ Winter Banana Apples, 3 lbs., 25¢ Grimes Golden Apples, 3 lbs., 25¢ 7 lbs., 25¢ Lemons, 2 for 5¢; per doz., 25¢ Tokay Grapes Vinegar Per gallon jug, 48¢ O R A No. 1 Size ~60c We NGES You may buy oranges in less than dozen lots at the same price per dozen. “Valencia” oranges the flavored of all. 2 lbs for 19c¢ consider these variety finest No. 2 Size 50c