Evening Star Newspaper, August 19, 1926, Page 8

THE EVENING S'[‘AR!"FDHI was off duty, which accounts With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.....August 19, 1926 THFEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustaecs OMce Mt Stoang Peonsyivenia Ave New Ver. Ofie 11 Chicagn OMe T Buronean Ofics 14 Rez Fpriand St London, The Evening st e emtion e “ith the S n1a per month A centa par month: Sundar only per month telephone Man €rrrier At the snd of - daily onls S0 rents Rate by Mail—Payable in Maryland and Virg Date and Sundas DALy anl ndas Advance, SH.00 £5 700 1 1 mo All Other States and Canada. and s e L1001 anlv <001 only $400 1 mo Pty Darly sunday Member of the The Assoctated Prose ix eclusivels en th the tse for reaahlicatio o 4l Tews dr Patshes credited to 1t 61 not GTREES se e ed in thin naner and the local news Bublished herein A1l 1= of publication of special dispatches harein are also reserted Associated Press, America and Disarmament. Kellogg's Platishurg vesterday address at Secretary was 4 timely prac limitation at a time preparatory in an Itaration of America’s for tiral, sane and substantial Dlex of armaments. Delive when Alsarmament appear 1o have the address will be rexd with keen in mintries as well as “ delegates to the commission Geneva reached passe, terast in foreign heve, tate not only of the United arms limita and the The Secretary of made clear the devatic States 10 the principle o tion and the elimination of dal international matter of land Armaments, hit he put a spike in the reports from abroad that the United States ence. Thers has heen a suspicion in America from the of the TLeagie of Nations arms conference in Cieneva that if it sihle 10 reconcile inter ences on limitation of armaments, an offort. would he made to place the blame on the United States. Secretary Kellogg's address. stating the position of this Government so clearly, should make any such effort ineffectual, even if it were attempted. Twa rocks over which the delegates tn the preparatory conference seem to have split are proposals that any for- mula for arms limitation shall include the Industrial and economic resources of & nation and that there shall he in auiries by international authorities to learn if hidden armaments and secret war preparations. Roth of Ahese proposals are repugnant to the American Government. Great Rritain and other have agreed with this country in thess matters, while France. the little entente and other enuntriex these pre posale. The delegates. wha first met in Geneva three months ago. and whose sole dutiss are 1o prepare an agenda, or program for an arms con fevence. are about to adjourn. it is re- ported. 1o meet again in Octobe America’s effort the conference has been from the first to keep the dis eussions down to practical of arms limitation. Rome not hnilt in a dav, nor is general limitation of armaments. or disarmament, to bhe achiaved in a single conference. The pstly in and & races and naval air was 1o quit the arms confer. inception found ational differ was impos. there he natiens have supported at was heginning was made in Washington in | 1822, when important agreements were anterad into hy the great naval pawers te limit their capital ships and aireraft carriers. America’s suggestion at the Geneva conference has heen that regional agreements he sought Arat in an effort the limita tion of land armaments —agreements that would fend to solve the difficulties presented by bristling guns and hayonate of neighboring nations and auspicions engendered throngh vears of strife in the past. The feeling has Deen that an attempt o find a formula which might the problems and at one stroke lop off the world's armaments wonld he futile. What the I'nited States urged is to build <olidly. from the ground up. slowly, it necessary The interest of the United States in Iimitation of land armaments in to start solve all has but surely. the athe this Government has heen earnest in Ite affarts to help others to which land armaments present a vital The Army af the 1Tnited States is al ready reduced ta such an extent that It wonld he far ANy reasonable International which might be adepted limita tian the greater problem helow ratio In naval armament United States has a Interest r he that wonld possible 1o extend placed on eapital ships to auxil- including eruisers, de and submavines. Secretary Kellngg has indicated cleariy, however that this ecanntry has no purpose to Araw from the present interna discussion of to naval limitation confer vernment aventnally it the limitation now Jary naval eraft arroyers away tianal meek a purely o armaments Rasignation rumors have he much 4 matter of habit in theuzht that no official ean expect serve conspienonsly without develop- Inz one or more of them a popular to The Hall Mills af the diffienity In the case is an example attaining privacy trend of civilization in present .—oe- Bury the Magazines! Another Government magazine has been destroyed afier a stroke of light- ning. A depot of small ar ammu nition at Portsmouth. Va.. exploded. fartunately without loss of life, and with no destruction of property be- aend the magazine itself.: Several heurs before the explosion occurred a heavy electrical storm passed over the depot and several boits of light- ning occurred. Whether any of these it the depot is net definitely stated. the theory is advanced that the magazine was struck and that a fire was started which. progressing nnoh wrved fnally reached the ammuni tieR. At the time of the fAre prac- tically the entire perser at tied | measures | nations is rathar academic, but | 11 has been the hope of this | ome so | for the lack of fatalities. Assuming that this explosion was | caused by lightning. the disaster fur- { nishes u, fresh proof of the dangerous risk of exposing ammunition in stor- age to the influence of atmospheric electricity, The catastrophe at Lake Denmark. N. L. undoubtedly ixed by a lightning stroke. It is the | zeneral helief that if the munitions { had heen stored in underground con- | tainers the explosion would not have | occurred. | In the light of these two accidents, | one terribly disastrous and the lather fortunately costing only the value of the destroyed ammunition, the Government should at once adopt policy of subter | dangerons material of this characte In the long run 1 | was =0 the burial of maga- zines will be an economy. For far less thin the cost of the Lake Denmar explosion underground storage facili ties conld be provided for the ammu- nition reserves of both branches of the ldefense service, Army ports these he on two happenings will submitted ngress should be inst determine not the feasibility, for it is | perfectly practicable, but the economy as well ax the public security of under- | &round storage for all stocks of high explosives, tdouhtless o and a survey —oee The President's Economic Survey. Interviews White House are taking place at e Camp, the Summer White between the sident and rep- resentatives of business, industry and agriculture as well as Government of- ficials who are In touch with economic The pu pose of these talks is to acquaint the Chief Executive with the state of af airs in the United Siates. Aceording ty is prevalent and conditions in this country. to reports prospe progressive Thix midsummer of the na tional sitnation is in the way of a tak ing of stock. The President in relieved of routine of administrative business. Congress is not in session, ind hence legislative matters are in It is in order, therefore, to ascertain the condition of the country at large. and this is being accom- plished by means of the contacts that survey much abeyance. the heads of large establishménts, mercantile and manufacturing, with spokesmen for the farmers, with exec- ntiver who have a clear view of the general situation. Thus far the President has learned of nothing but good times, of a high percentage dant crops, of capacity production and of lively trade. There is every indica- tion, furthermore, of the continuance of these conditions. No evidence ap- pears of a siackening in any impor- tant line of business. On the contrary, there is plain indication that the pace is quickening. For instance, reports just made public by the Bureau of Railvay FEconomics show that the movement of freight by the steam rail ronds during the first half of the vear et a record for this countr 1,632,421.000 net ton miles, or tenths of one per cent greater than the record set in the first half of 1923 and 6.9 per cent over the same period last year. Railway frelght movements consti- tute a dependable index of trade and business. They are a positive showing not only of goods manufactured, but of goods sold. They are a reflex of the buying capaeity of the people, and, what 1 more significant, of the buy- ing disposition. So long as the people of the country there is likelihood of continued prosperity they will purchase. The moment their con- fidence Ix shaken they hegin to cur. tail axpenditures. That is not happen- ing today. Rusiness failures are at a low point at this time in all lines. That signi fies that not only is trada large, but that accounts are be. ing promptly. Credit is not overextended, and vet the greatel part of transactions is on the credit bhasis. Reports from the agricultural West are reassuring. Good crops are heing grown and harvested. There have heen no unfavorable conditions to lessen the soil production or to inter- fere with the reaping and marketing of the crops. Labor distribution has helieve that settled agement has assured sufficient car- | riers for the movement of the crops to points of distribution Taken aitogether, the President's v of the national condition yields {an assurance not merely of a sound situation, but of an advance In pros. perity which only a disaster can check. sury When the farmers have large crops, down. When crops are small, prices go up. A vstem which will produce large prices for large c would benefit the agricultural worker, hut wouid contradict the law »f supply and demand In a w culated to arouse further prot prices go eal from the long-suffering ulumate consumer. | —.es The Air Tragedy in England. Two are dead and others are ex- pected to succumb to injuries received vesterday when a French air liner from Paris to London crashed fnto a barn on the English shore during a fog. There were thirteen per- heavy sons aboard beside the pilot and me- | chanic. Those who escaped death are reported to he seriously injured. Frag- mentary details state that the big plane, after negotiating safely the turbulent and wind swept channel, ran into & heavy mist on reaching the Knglish side ! the ground in order 1o keep his bear- ings, attempted to turn the ship, but | side-swiped a‘barn in the maneuver. The resulant crash wrecked the plane and pinned the helpless and terror- stricken passengers underneath it. Atd was promptly supplied by farmers in the vicinity. who rushed the victims to the nearest hospitals. To those who have flown the Chan- nel a tragedy of this kind has a pecul- iar and shocking significance. To all | wha read of the accident a milder sen } atinn of sorrow and sympathy comes. Rut ane factor stands out to hoth thnse whn have had the experience a uted to | are occurring from day to day with| of employment, of abun- | the volume of hesen thus far effected and good man- | Che pilot. fiving close to | THE EVENING the deadly enemy of successful desti- nation fiving. Channel crossing by air has come to be regarded as both reasonably sate and vndoubtedly comfortable. Two com - nies, one French and one Eng- lish, .perate the lines and use the same terminals outside of London and Paris. Every effort is made to safe- guard the flights. Telephonlc connec- tions are constant between the two airdromes for reporting the last-min- ute weather conditions, and pilots, dur- ing the trip, are in radio communica- tion with both stations. Frequently, however, when the report is “clear and favorable.” conditions change before the end of the journey, and that evi- dently ix what happened inasmuch as the pilot attempted to land just after crossing the Channel, making no attempt to reach the air- drome at Croydon. There should be nothing in this Jat- est accident, shocking as it is, to dis- cournge Channel crossing by alr. It is the quickest and least tiresome method of making a tedious journey. Until fog is conquered fiying will al- | wavs be hazardous. The same, how- bhe held true in the case of an travel by hoat. There is one thing, though, that many air Channel crossers ardently de- | sire before they take another trip of this kind, and that is the substitution of amphibian planes for the present land planes. The Channeel is a wicked- looking bedy of water to fly over, es- pecially with the thought that engine trouble will cause a forced landing, with little prospect of staying on the surface. This move will undoubtedly be made in time, and Channel fiving will become even more popular than it is at present. aver, may o is a ———— | Paris cabarets sell champagne to Americans who have the price and the appetite. Parisians who have the { appetite but not the price resent the | publie drinking by foreigners and may | vet force the introduction of the hip flask as an incident of French gayvety. Circumstances have of late been strangely favorable to the introduc- | tion of American customs the world over. It would be unfortunate to find even our bad habits meeting with | suave encouragement. = .o L Anybody who thinks Gertrude Kderle was helped by adjacent boats can compete with her as a Channel swimmer, under equal conditions. She is willing to cross the Atlantic to win as often as yachts christened Shamrock crossed it to lose. The spirit of sport is sStrong Aamong English-speaking people and the dis- tinction enjoyed by this plucky girl is not likely to remain long unchal- lenged. r————— Canton, Ohio, has claimed attention as a crime center. The merry villager is no longer safe in innocent seclu- sion. Urban lite has expanded throughout the land, and its tempta- tions as well as its advantages are present wherever there are telephones | and trolleys. RES The Chinese are still fighting in their own exclusive way without seek- ing as vet the ambitious distinction of inspiring a world war. s SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSO A Career. With fifty cents he started out And got himself employment. Said he, “In thrift, beyond a deubt, I'll find a great emjoyment. If T avoid, all well behaved, The spendthrift crowd that hollers, Perhaps, in time, I shall have saved At least a thousand dollars.” | He got his little thousand seon; A hundred thousand later. But, like the child who wants the moon, He found his wish still greater. He dwelt far from the paths of fame As an obscure civilian, And kept on toiling, j the same, Till he had several million. | The million swiftly muitiplied, ‘While he grew bald and puffy. He, like his ledgers, dwelt with pride | In quarters fine, but stuffy. | BEach day he sadly asks anew This question —which funny—— What in creation shall T do With all this bunch of money* sounds Great Knowledge. “Who was the greatest of Ameri- can statesmen?” “George Washington,” answered Senator Sorghum, without a moment’s hesitation. “You must admit that he had won derful advisers.” “What made him great the fact that he knew where to look for advice and how to take it.” Misery’'s Measurements. The hot wave, so cheerless, revealed me a chump. Next.year, in the Summertime test, I'll throw my thermometer out on the dump And try to imagine the hest, | was, Jud Tunkins says Philadelphia always doing something to educate the world. She is now educatisg a whole lot of people to the fact that a Sesquicentennial is not some kind of an animal, but a date. ck,” sald Hi Ho, the Chinese | philosopher. often but the ill for {tune of others by which we chance to |benefit. Therefore, when luck is ours let us learn with it to sympathize.” Swaying Public Opinion. “Are they still fighting about evolu- tion in your town?" No. An organgrinder came along with & monkey who was so sociable and entertaining that the fundamen- talists have sort o' weakened.” Developing Mystery. A case seemed almost plain as day. We knew just what to do with it. It was no ‘‘mystery,” they say, Till legal lights got through with it. “Economy,” said Tncle Eben. “would he easier to practice if de landlord or de hutcher rould make hisse'f as intertainin’ as a base ball of the and those who have not, fog s still game or a hose rac [ 4] vesterday, | STAR. ASHINGTON, What would one have to do to live up to the expectations of the pester- ing store clerk? A ‘“pestering store,” as previously pointed out, is an establishment wherein the clerks are allowed to an- noy customers by asking them, after the purchase is made,”if they do not want something else. We fear that it we so acted as to merit the hearty approval of the cigar atore clerk, for instance, we would find ourselves the proud possessor of some hundreds of pipes before long. “How about a pipe?” is his usual greeting, after he hus handed you vour package of the favorite mixture. Certainly he expects you to buy an- other pipe! How else can you win his warm regard? If you do not purchase a pipe with every packet of tobacco, the good clerk mentally puts you down as a “tightwad,” a species of triple-plated “nut,” and a most undesirable cus tomer, from all standpoints—especial- Iy from his. Of course, the fine fellow does not say it in so many words. He says it with glances. His contempt for the man who has only one pipe is wither- ing. Kven the poor have 10 pipes apiece, vs he. Here is the way the tobacco store scene would work out, if one were to he ascribed as an Al customer by the pestering clerk: “Give me a package of Club Mixture,” you declare. Sullenly the clerk hands the tobacco over, then brightens, as he savs: “How about a nice pipe?" x ok ok ok “Got 10 pipes now,” you say. i A man can never have too many Dpipes. Mister That so? Well Here is the very latest thing,” he replies, seeing you weaken. “Latest spoon-feed, right from London—" “Well, wrap it up."” “Thank you,” says he, all smiles. His commission would be large today. A pipe every five minutes, with a $10 one every hour, would make any tobacco clerk rich. No wonder he smiles. You rejoiced to help the fellow out The Mohawk Club lasted for two days, at the expiration of which you presented yourself again, and demand- ed a new package. “How wbout a pipe, Mister?” asks the clerk, frowning at your cinchy purchase of a mere package of 1o- bacco. “I got one last time from you." “That so?’ He seems to doubt vour word, but goes on biithel A man can never have too many pipes—"' So you hought a new pipe every time you purchased a package of to- bacco. Three packages of tobacro a week, at cents a throw, and three pipes every seven days, at from 50 cents to $10 apiece made your tobacco bill something extensive b: the end of the year. i You had 172 pipes of lengths, all briars, some labeled “Italian bruyere,” others “London, England,” others with strange circles, squares and triangles on bowl and stem. Yo Mohawk assocted _You had put in some $200 on those pipes® just to please the store clerk You were his hest customer. He actually recognized you when you entered! ¥ “Give Club, ing. “How about a nice pipe today?” Ah, how he smile me a you package of Mohawk said one beautiful morn. | 1t is reported in dispatches from | Furope that GGermany is seeking to | enter the TLeague of Nations. with the object, primarily, of reclaiming her lost colonies. Germany, like Ttaly and Japan and some other countries, is said to feel overpopulation cramp- ing her growth, and especially to suf- fer industrially by the fact that she jcannot produce raw aterials under her own dominion to supply her home industries. She complains that the world put up a tariff to protect its own industries against the finished products of Germany's manufactories, and that therefore she must produce raw materfals under her own flag Yet there is no conntry which charges any export tariff on the exported raw materials, hence the argument is a | bit confused. TR In the Versailles treaty. the World War was settled with Ger many, article 119 provided as fol- lows “Germany renounces in favor of the principal allied and associated pow ers all her rights and titles to her | overseas possessions.’ There was no string to that cession: | it was one of the conditions precedent to silencing the guns and to the pre vention of the forward march to Ber lin. Before victory had come to the allies and associates, all the colonies | of Germany had been, by secret agree- | { ments hetween the principal allies parceled out to such of the powers as wanted colonies. The United States refused 1o accept any mandates or colonies whatever. It may he that politicianx in Germany today are feeding their constituents with talk of reclaiming her lost colonies, but the | talk is not taken serfously outside of the German Republie. i The League of Nations has no sov. ereignty over colonies which have bheen intrusted to the respective pow- {ers. unless the power holding a man- | date fails to comply with its terms {or voluntarily relinquishes its hold- ings. As France is maintaining wa vria, and until recently also in Africa, to assert her rights over man- dated territory, and has invested many millions ‘of golden franes in such maintenance, she could hard he expected to relinquish the man- dates without resistance, simply upon {request of her enemy. * ok ok % by which | Will Relgium . relinqu Urandi in Africa? Or zive up Cameroon, Togo. Tanganyika or Mauru lIsland? She divides Cam eroon and Toge with France: will those two powers hasten in consent- ing to hand the land back to Ger. many? When sh Ruanda- ireat Britain will Japan give hack the Caroline Islands. Ladrone and Mar- shall Islands? Japan, too, is over. crowded. New Zealand holds 10 Western Samoa: Australia has the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea | and Solomon Island. Most of these lands, and certain others. are held not by mandates but by final cessiop. “Japan holds a mandate over cer tain lands and cities in China which Germany had seized when a Chinese mob had killed a German missionary * ok ox X It has been set up by Germans that the mandate powers are abusing the natives and are therefore liable to have their mandates declared for- feited. By what court not controlled by the powers accused can Germany be the plaintiff? x ok % % Article 122 of the Versailles treaty says: “The government exercising au thority er such territories may make such provision as it thinke fit with reference to the repatriation | history | under the control of the empir | tent Jot D. C., THURSDAY. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “I have 172 pipes now somewhat taken aback. enough for one man to have?” ‘The clerk smiled. He had read a book on salesman- ship, and had an answer for every objection of the prospect. ‘A man can never have too many pipes— * ok ok % Suppose one acceded to every re- quest of the men's wear store, in which the clerk was an expert pes- terer? Visualize the scene: A gentleman has just bought a pair of garters, a necessary though pro- saic purchase. Bigger and better garters—such is the cry of the maker. The clerk wrapped up the articles, and smiled his best deft smile. “Thank you,” he said. “How about collars?” s ““Here is the very latest model, built on the low streamline plan, with a long_wheel base—— “Well. give me_half a dozen.” “Thank you. = IHow about neckties— “I don't need——" A man can never have too many neckties.” The customer wondered if the man was insinuating that he was only a one-necktie man. The finest fellow he ever knew wore only one tie at a time, ~steadily, until it wore out, ut—— The clerk seemed to findicate that the purchase of a necktie would re- habilitate the customer in his, the clerk’s, eyes. Well,” said the vietim, that blue one there.” “Thank you, very much,” Ingra- tiated the clerk. “Let me show you these new shirts. Just in from Lon- don. Surely you need a shirt or two.” He looked suspicinusly at the one the customer had on. It was fresh that morning, but—— 0 man can have too many shirts went on the salesman. The customer wondered how many of anything a man ought to have to satisfy scme clerks—but—— “I'll take that blue striped on: he said. “You like blue, don't you?" said the clerk, throwing a paper around the shirt in double-quick time. *TLet me show You these new blue serge suits that have just come in.” Everything seems to, have “just come in,” moaned the vittim to him- self. If T had arrived here yesterdav perhaps they wouldn't have had any- thing to sell me! “Yon look fine. prosperous, in that,” said the clerk, glving the coat a slap or two on the customer's shoul- ders. o The latter saw that the only way to make the clgfk belleve that he was a prosperous citizen was to purchase the suit, so he did so. Now, he thought to himself, I have hought everything. “How ahout a nice overcoat to go with the suit?” checked up the clerk. “An overcoat—in_Summer?”’ mur- mured the Timid Soul, ‘as Webster would have called him. “Ah, the very hest time to huy an overcoat. $10 cheaper and just as good: We will keep it for you until wanted, of course “You' will keep it for me?” the cus- tomer asked. in doubt “Yes, until wanted"" smiled the clerk. But the worm had turned at some “give me 1 ou go to ———-" said the cus- tomer, naming a_place where over- coats are not needed. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. from them of German nationals and (o _the condition upon which German | subjects of Kuropean origin shall. or shall not, be allowed to reside, hold property, trade or exercise a profes- sion in them.” Part 1V, article 118, of the Versailles treaty say “In territory outside her European frontiers as fixed hy the present treaty, Germany renounces all rights, titles and privileges whatever in or over territory which belonged to her or to her allies, and all rights, titles and privileges. whatever thelr origin, which she held as against the allied and associated power; ““Germany hereby undertakes to rec- ognize and to conform to the measures which may be taken now or in the future by the principal allied and as- soclated powers, in agreement with third powers, in order to carry the above stipulation into effect.” * ke 1t will be recalied by students that until 1884 Germany no colonfes, and wanted none. That was the policy during the first 15 vears of the empire founded in 1871, though article 4 of the constitution provided that in case the empire ever held colonies, all regulations should he and not of the respective provinces or kingdoms, indicating a. possibility of a future change of policy For 15 vears Bismarck opposed all plans of organized emigration or colo nization. He held that “any German who would leave the Fatherland was not worth retaining as a subject, and was counted lost to the empire.” Rismarck was ever ready to nphold the rights of German subjects in for- eign langs, so long as they remained subjects’ of the empire, and he ap- proved German enterprises abroad. but all attempts to induce the govern- ment to take over protectorates faled. German political sentiment was di- vided, however, on that issue, for it was noted that thousands emigrated annnally. In two vears, 1881-83, Ger- many lost 600,000, which was about 4 per cent of her population. Even when, in 1884, Rismarck agreed, under pressure, to a colonial policy. he declared that the intention was “‘not to found provinces but merely business enterprises.”” Later he announced that German colonies would he supported only when they gave evidences of success. but the government would not send out of- ficials and military support so long as the necessity was not recognized by the whole nation. He would favor fol lowing the English policy with the Kast India Compan: leaving to the colonies self-government, bit with protection against aggressive out siders, had ¥ Tt i well known that Kaiser Wil helm 11 did not follow Bismarck in all his policies, but that one colony after inother was added. most of which have never proved profitable to the empire, but a costly burden, even to the ex of having to make up deficits the respective ‘‘business enter. prises. For a generation prior to the union of the empire, theorists. professors and political scientists urged colonial ex- pansion. Chief in influence was Prof. Treitschke, who, 60 vears ago, taught Pan-Germanism and that “'the coloniz: ing impulse has become a vital qui tion for every great natio He openly advocated that “Germany should prepare for the eventual seiz- ure of British colonies, that Tutonic influence should be supreme,” adding that the British colonization of Cape of Good Hope had not been fortunate, for the civilization there was Teu. tonic—Dutch—and he declared, “If our nation had the courage to con- struct with determination, construct an independent colonial empire, a col lision of our interests and thos of England would he unavnidable, 1226, by Paul V. Colline.) A (Copyrigint AUGUST 19, 1926. wanson at Geneva irginia Senator in Position to Explain Court Reservations. By William Rufus Scott Senator Claude A. Swanson of Vir- ginia, sponsor of the reservations to{ the resolution of American adherence to the World Court, is in Geneva, Switzerland, and will be there on Sep- tember 1 when the members of the League of Nations meet to pass judg- ment upon the question of admitting the United States to the court on the terms specified. The significance of the coincidence of Senator Swanson’s visit and the League meeting becomes clear when it is remembered that the council of the League invited the United States last Winter to send a representative to Geneva in September to explain just what the reservations mean. At that time President Coolidge de- clared that the invitation would not be accepted, taking the ground that the reservations speak for themselves; nor did he care to undertake to say what the Senate had in mind. How- ever, Senator Swanson, whose name the reservations bear, will be on hand and, presumabl; will be able to answer questions in Geneva. EE 1t is not to be inferred that Senator Swanson's visit there is in any degree official. ~ President Coolldge has not changed his position that no expla- nation would be furnished by the Gov- ernment, nor has the Senate_itself authorized an explanation. Yet it would not be possible to select any one more qualified to explain the res ervations than Senator Swanson un- less it were Senator Ienroot, joint leader in the Senate with Mr. Swan- son in the tight for adoption of the resolution of adherence, The visit of Senator Swanson his own affair and made without offi- cial appointment or drain upon ‘Treasury funds, even if, from the viewpoint of the members of the League, he will be as qualified to analyze' the reservations as if he had all_the paraphernalia and pomp of minister plenipptentiary. He will not, o far as available information here goes, attend the meetings of the League members on the reservations, since he is not an official representa- tive, and any counsel he may give seems likely to be in a private con- sultative capacity as a United States Senator happening to be on the spot, equipped with complete information on the subject. * X ok X On leaving the United States early this month Senator Swanson ex pressed conviction that the League members would accept the reserva- tions ultimately. He took occasion to reply to one of the principal objec- tions to the reservations, stated by M. Politis, Greek minister to Paris, in a speech at the Institute of Politics, in ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Hotv long does it take to make a cake of ice by submerging a re- ceptacle in brine?>—B. W. A. With good circulation of brine it takes about 10 hours, and with slow circulation about 24 hours. Q. What is meant by “The Family of Nations"?—J. H. A. In international law the phrase refers to an assemblage of states claiming a common civilization and a political and moral equality: specifi- cally, the nations of Christendom in Europe and the New World, also the Ottoman Empire (since the Treaty of Paris in 1856)gind, more recently Japan. ' Q. What solulion does an storage batter W. H. A. The Bureau of Standards says that the Ldison storage battery uses either a solution of potassium hy droxide or sedium hydroxide and water. Edison Q. What became of the Wilkins-De- troit Arctic expedition? E. B. C. A. The Wilkins-Detroit Arctic ex- pedition was believed missing first on April 16, It was missing for 12 davs, but returned to Fairbanks on April 30 with its plane in good condition. The radio of the plane had falled and Comdr. Wilkins was unable to get in touch with Fairbanks. The expedi- tion started out again on May 10, but bad weather and the failure of the afrplane to function properlv caused the return from Point Barrow for complete overhauling and a series of conferences to determine the course of procedure. During these conferences it was decided that the fog over the Aretic would make other expeditious useless and Wilkins returned to Fair- banks June 5 with two planes wreck- ed and no food supply Q. What shade of blue is used in the biue room of the White House What tints in the other rooms’—A. M. B. A. The White House savs that the shade of blue at present in the biue room may be best described as a. soft azure, approximately a gravish sky blue. The tint has changed slightly with different decorations through dif fevent administrations. At the pres- ent time the parlors and halls of the White House are being redecorated in an ivory color. The bedrooms, how- ever, are not belng redecorated. The bedrooms are in light colors, such as pink, biue, gray and yellow. Q. What is the size of a prize ring?” -W. T. C. A. The size of the average ring is 18 feet square. Q. Why do cats have fits?> S, A. The Department of Agriculture says that worms in the stomach and intestines cause fite. The worms cause Williamstown, Mass,, to the effect that Reservation No. would _be found the stumbling, block. This reservation declares that the council of the League shall not ask for any advisory opinion from the World | Court In which the United States has, | or claims, an interest, without the consent of the United States. Senator Swanson answered that this reservation does not give the United States unique veto power over the council’s function in seeking advisory opinions, because such veto power al ready is possessed by the ten mem- bers represented on the council, either in permanent or non-permanent seats. The league covenant provides that requests by the councll for advisory opinions shall be by unanimous vote in the council; hence, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan as the per- manent members, and any one of the six non-permanent members, could block & move for an advisory opiniop by a single negative vote. Reserv tion No. 5, Senator Swanson sald. merely puts the United States on an equality with these nations in stipulating that the United States must give its consent to any request for an opinion in which it is interested or claims an interest. * ok ok x What, therefore, the Teague mem bers on September 1 will have to de- cide, apparently, is whether to admit the United States to the World Court with privileges equal to the members of the council of the League. As there are 34 members of the Teague (Brazil having sent in her resignation, reducing the number from 53) and only 10 members on the counell ag now constituted, Reserva- tion No. 5 will in fact give the United States a privilege which some 44 League members not on the council will not have if all League members were members of the World Court. Forty-eight nations are now members of the World Court, or fewer than belong to the leagnue. It is recognized. however, that the United States as a firstelass power conld not be asked to accept less privi- leges then the other first-class power: belonging to the court, and so an in- teresting discussion is anticipated at eneva, with a result not predictahle at this time. | ok The meeting will assemble with the knowledge of the fact that President Coolidge has not modified his stand in favor of American adherence to the court. As late as August 3, on the occasion of the beginning of his fourth vear in the presidency, Mr. Coolidge, in reviewing his three vears in office, pointed to the resolution to Join the World Court as one of the outstanding achievements of his re. sime. The irritability in Europe over the war debt question seemingly had not shaken President Coolfdge's faith in the principle of arbitration and ad { judication of international dispute His stand is believed to colncide with the view of other advocates of the World Court, namely, that emotional factors in International affairs would not unduly sway the World Court, any more than emotion swayve na- tional courts, and that just as judges are named here irrespective of their personal or pojtical opinions, and are expected t8 and do give impartial de. ions, so would the judges of the World Court function. The views of Secretary Kellogg, whose conduct of the Department of State has this week had the ap- proval of President Coolidge. are similar to the President'’s on the ‘World Court, from all apparent evi- dence. The question of admitting the United States, consequently, can | be approached by the league mem- bers without any altered official status on the part of the United States, however public opinion in this country may for the time heing he assaved. ! | | ok ok ¥ The meeting September 1 open in Geneva with a poor showing of acceptances of the American reservations, as only five natians have done so, namely,®Alhania, Cuba, Greece, Liberia and Uruguay. It would be a mistake, nevertheless, to assume that this showing is a fair measure of the situation, inasmuch as the decision to hold a meeting naturally worked to delay accept- ances. It is belleved that most of the 54 nations in the league favor admitting the United States with the reservations, but the trouble lies in the fact that only 1 of the 54 may bar such admissjon. Nor is it evident now how large the Geneva meeting will be, since on the last published report only 21 na- tioms had accepted the invitation to the meeting. But as all the 52 na-i tions will he represented in Geneva for the regular leagne of Nations' meeting a day or so later, the faet that more formal Acceptances fo the special meeting have not been will | discloses { continues fof an auditor, | can he settled in transmit- system gastrie f{rritation, which ted to the central nervoy Q. Why is a road called a pike” G. D. 8. A. It was first called a turnpike. Turnpike is another name for 1 gate, and the name wam applied to roads upon which tolls were collected. Q. How many persons have heen successful in swimming the English Channel’—S. P. R. A. The following have swum the Channei: Capt. Webb, Thomas Wii- |liam Burgess, Henry Sullivan, Sebas- tian Tiraboschi, Charles Toth and Gertrude Ederle. Q. What does it mean when a per. | son says his fingers are all thumbs? - |P. R. R. A. It is meant that he uses his | hands awkwardly. Q. What were the religlous aflia- tions of most of the early settlers of Virginia? —E. D. A. By far the greater portion of tha | settlers of Virginia were either mem | bers of the Church of England (Kpis | copal) or Presbyterian, Q. When do caterpillars spin their cocoons?—R. H. A. There are many kinds of butte fiies and moths, all of which develop from caterpillars, and these have varying habits and times of spinning thelr cocoons. Q. What Is a finnsko”- L. B | A. It is a boot made of birch-tanned {reindeer skin with the hair on, and i< worn stuffed with dry grass and over Iheavy stockings. This footgear very serviceable In Arctle travel when | kept dry Q. Did the negroes make brave so die B A. More than 400,000 negro soldiers | participated in the recent wa |1y one-half of that number went over meas. 'There were four entire ne; regiments brigaded with the Fren! troops who were awarded tha de guerre aside from many individn citations fo~ valor Stop a minute and think about thi fact: You can ask The Erening Star Information Bureaw any question fact and get the answer hack " personal letter. It is a preat educa tional idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent people in the world—American newspaper readers It is a part of that best purpose of u newspaper—service. There s charge except © cents in stamps for return postage. Get the habit of ask ing questions. Address nour letter fo The Evening Star Information Ru reau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Tacenty-first and € strects northiwest Washington, D. C. Clemenceau Letter a Puzzle To Average American Citizen Georges Clemenceau’s letter to Pres ident Coolidge protesting against America’s terms for settlement of the French war debt was something of a puzzie to the average citizen of this country and comment in the press various impressions of its purpose and probable effect. Mar observers conclude that the “Tige wrote chiefly for home consumption, although his impassioned plea. was ad dressed to the President of the United States. “\We admire Clemenceau for his vi tality and his spunk,” savs the Hart ford Times (independent Democratic). “vet we feel that advancing vears have diminished his discretion. There is more bitterness and temper than honest frankness in his talk.” The Chicago Daily News (independent) re marks that “lemenceau, having fin ished a philosophical work on human history, and having drawn the con clusion’that the greatest political and social virtue is tolerance, might have exemplified that admirable gospel in his tardy contribution to the French debt question.” The South Bend Tribune (independ ent Republican) is impressed by the possibility that “he may have what the psychologists call a grandeur com plex. which has hecome exaggerated | as the years tell on him. However, the Tribune, “the premier of France knows an insult when he sees one. If he should call the Tiger off he would improve feeling on this side of the water considerably.” e “The letter was vigorous and sensa- tional; the desperate brief of a suf fering people.” admits the Savannah Press (Democratic), with the com ment, howeve that “Clemencean is an old man and is entitled to the charity of our eriticism. This time there is no smile upon the face of the Tiger'." adds the Press. “He harks back to the days of Verdun and the Marne. He doesn’t use the language bhut invokes the pas- slong of ihe war premier. not the terms in which this matter The Racine Journal News (Republican) advises that “while there may be justification for a tart reply, ft Will he hetter for us to treat France as a sick child, petulant he cause she has heen down so low and her morale has heen sadly under- mined “Clemencean, now as in other days.’ according to the Omaha World-Herald (independent), “is a spectacle to com mand the wondering, though not the affectionate regard of humanity. More than any other Frenchman, he 18 responsinle for the post-w qif. flculties under which France and the rest of Kurope are so desperately truggling. The war, when victory had crowned it, hecame to Georges Clemencean a war for gold and loot and land and peoples. vielding insistence that made nity- N and wicked materialism of Versailles. The Rirmingham News (independent Democratic) also asserts that his “pretty dramatics carry no force and conviction. They are not based on fairness and justice. Thev have a certain strength and a certain power, continues the News, ‘“hut that strength and that powar and that ap. peal to the emotions cannot, of course, alter the determination of tha I'nited States to treat all of the European powers fairly and justly, without re gard to whether or not they have elo- | quent spokesmen " * o ok K The letter is described by the These are | It was his un- the DPeace a peace of conquest and indem- that submerged the idealism of Ison and of America in the gross Butte that M. Clemenceau is very, very oli and has the reputation of a figer o maintain.” The letter “will hein France not at all,” in the judgment of the Worcester Telegram (Repuh liean). The Harrgsburg Teiegraph (e publican) suspects a “drive agains the new French cabinet.” and ihe As hury Park Press (independent Deme |cratic) also sees “some riovement | looking toward the bringing of & new set of men into power.” In defense of the Tiger. the Des Moines Kvening Tribune (independent | Republican) suggests that “so great jare the forces of trade and finance inevitably in the Sclosely knit indus trial world of today -that even the | Rreatest political powers wonder if | their sovereignties are real” The Greenshoro Record (independent Dem ocratic) holds that “he has placed this country In a light which we frankly do not like. vet can wa deny the justice of his characterization or ‘vh- logic of his argument”' The Bangor Commercial (independent) he lieves “it s unfortunate that he did not speak earlier hefore the agree ment was made,”” and “if Fr re fuses to ratify, another effart may he made for new terms, and the appeal of Clemencean may he given the favorable consideration that sa man: Americans wonld he glad to xee @ tended to it.” The Indianapolis Ne (independent) adds that “we have doubt that our people wouid he en tirely willing, if a reasonabla neces sity should be shown, to make what ever further concessions might seen advisable.” “Clemencean’s appeal.” states Charlotte Observer (Democratic), placed almost in the light of coming from a sorrowful old father seeking 1o restore peaca and fellowship hetwean his quarreling children and the ch | dren of an old neighhor. The note bearing the marks of almost forgottan statesmanship, is strangely different from others of recent date coming from the politicians of France. It re calls the daye of Wison and Lioyvd George and the ‘Big Four' at Ver | sailles. There is all of the old anima tion characterizing the vounger Cle menceau. It exploits the henefits from peace among nations and forgets a most entirely such things as prineipal and interest he Muskegon Chroni cle (independent), admitting that ‘probably the Tiger has dona | country’s cause no good.” ot remarks that “mayhe he unaware of the segment of sentiment in this cannirs that regards our deht settlement with France in mueh the same light ' he does,” The Milwaukee fent) offers the | Americans today question the moral | position of their country in a warll | that elsewhera is suffering. There is 14 sense of moral values in the United | States that can he appealed ta. Rut | Americans do not want their Presi jdent scolded from abroad.” The R leigh News and Observer (Demo. | eratic) adds: “\We may not be able Ito grant in full measure the settle {ment " that Clemencean wishes. but every trie American will read his lat ter with memories of nohie days, and | with a desire that his country fn ail its dealings with France will put tha ! nation in ‘the mosi favored mation I status. the | Tournal comment (independ Mant * % o % As fro Spokahe pendent the existing terma, Spokesman-Review Republican) declar not true that the deht settlemen:s wers by us ‘regarded as purely a matter for the cashier's departmen' Other considerations were generoisi the (inde “ft i : Dafly Post (Republican) as “a tedious | taKen into account. Why don't French mingling of whines and threats,” the “needlessly provocative tone” im presses the New Orleans Item (inde pendent Democratic) as “‘merely manner of emphasis upon the fact received is not to the interest American adherence to the court. taken as an index Should the result be favorable to no In- deed, no such decision could be ac- since admitting the United States, Joint action will be undertaken. cepted by the United States, the Senate provided that each na- tion concerned must notify the State Department of its acceptance direct- ly and individually. meeting was designed to giving the leagie members an oppor- funity to get together and talk over the reservations their respectiv hefore formulating replies. t in the subject of The = Geneva facilitate admission of the United States by and | erities, like Clemenceau, reply to the - |authoritative statements of Secretars Mellon and others, that in the settle a|ment with France we actually ean | celed the debt that existed before the armistice was signed”’ The Bloon |Ington Pantagraph (ndependent) i« calls that "even now some factions |1n and out of the American Congress are saying that our Government was ‘too easy’ with France, and with Italy, and even with Great Britain The Lynchburg News (Democratic) holds that “there Is not much intrin sie merit in the Frenchman's appeal and If it is listened to with respect and not a little sympathy, it does not convince. “It is fmpossible to agree with the major premises of the veteran states man’s position.”” contends the Kansas City Journal (Republican), while the Passaic Herald (independent) heliev that “the French debt funding terms are not exfortionate but are lenfent and liberal.”