Evening Star Newspaper, July 26, 1926, Page 5

ZONE COMMISSION MAKES 6 CHANGES Reservoir Road and Far Northwest Action Put Off. Six Pleas Rejected. Acting upon the suggestion of the Commission of Fine Arts, Capt. Her- bert C. Whitehurst, assistant District Engineer Commissioner in charge of zoning, recommended-to the Zoning Commission at its executive session today that a uniform 90-foot-height area be established for all property within the vieinity of the Unlon Sta- tion. The commission will consider’ this proposal at its public hearing in Septembe: Shortly after the Fine Arts Commis- |* sion suggested that the buildings erected around the Union Station should be of a uniform height Capt. Whitehurst made a survey of the property involved and concurred . in the commission’s recommendation. As now zoned the property has a height area ranging from 55 to 90 feet. Capt. Whitehurst's recommendation for a 90-foot area concerns all property on the east side of Second street from Massachusetts avenue to F street, the south side of D strect from First to Second streets and . the intersection of _Massachusétts avenuew south side of Massachusetts avenue from the intersection of D street to Third street. 12 Proposals Acted On. Twelve of the 14 proposed changes in zoning considered by the Zoning Commission at its public hearing Thursday were disposed of at the executive session. The remaining two were continued and will be acted on at the August meeting of the com- mission. One proposed to change from residential A restricted to resi- dential B rescrited area property north of Reservoir road and east of Foxall road.. The other proposed to rezone from residential A restricted to residential A area a large section in North Cleveland Park bounded on T by Upton street, on the east ixth street and Reno road. on the north by Warren and Alton streets and oni the west by Thirty- Bighth street and Wisconsin avenue. The principal change approved rezoned the property in the rear of the southeast corner of Georgia avenue and Gallatin street from resi- dential B to first commercial C area, The change was requested by the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., which has planned to erect a new exchange on the site. Other changes approved. follow: Change/from second commercial D to industrial D lots Nos. 2 and 3, square | 3836, south of Irving street north- east, between Eighth street and Bal- | timorg & Ohio tracks. The original petition for this change also included lot No. 1, which the commission did ®ot approve in its action. Change from second comrercial D to residential C area the frontage on the east side of Fifteenth &treet | northeast hetween Isherwood and E streets, “hange from residential D to first commercial D area lots 1, 2 and 3, north of D street between Change from residential D 6+ first commercial area property at’ 722 Eighteenth street. E % Change from residential A restrin(-[ ed to residential A area property within the area bounded on the east | by Woodley road, on the west by Twenty-eighth. street, on the north by Calvert street and on the south by Rock Creek Park. Others Rejected. Six froposed changes in zoning | were rejected by the commission. They follow: A proposal to rezone from. resi- | dential - B to first commercial C property at the northeast corner of Beventeenth and A streets southeast. A proposal to rezone from resi- dential B to first commercwal C prop- erty along the north side of B street southeast between Eighteenth street | and the north and south public alley Bast thereof. A proposal to reszone from resi- dential B to first commercial B prem- sises at 538 First street southeast. The proposal to change from resi- dential C to first commercial C area | ses 303 to 309 P street. i osal to change from first commercial D to second commercial 1 area property on the south side of | 1. street between Fifteenth and Six-! .teenth streets. A proposal to rezone from residen- tial B to first commercial € premises at 1407 Thirty-fifth street. WARNER ON FLYING TOUR. Naval Aviation Head Goes to In- spect Hampton Roads Station. Assistant Secretary of tlie’ Navy, Warner, in charge of aviation, left Washington today by airplane for an fnspection of the naval air station at Fiampton Roads. Va. He will return ! Jate this afternoon and plans to de- part early tomorrow morning for a visit to the naval aircraft factory.at Philadelphia. E Lieut. George T. Cuddihy, engineer- officer of the local naval air sta- and thej ! The Timid Soul v Copr. 1526 (N. Y. World) Press Pub. Co. BY CHARLES A. BOSTON, Distinguished Lawyer, Author and Publicist. Is our civilization competent to deal with its problem of crime? I am not whoHRy without some .pre- conceived notion as I formulate this phrase. And this notion is that with all our machinery and elaborate and expensive methods, crimes of violence appear to be increasing, and even more widespread—prevention appears impossible, detection is relatively rare, conviction is always doubtful, yet jalls are as full as ever; and with and paroles, penalties are what they seem. Cites Three Basic Facts. A professional friend of mine who has had probably as much experience in the prosecution of criminals as any other person in the United States, has expressed the following views to me: That there ars three basic facts which lie at the foundation of the in- adequacy of our methods of dealing with crime. We do not deal with ‘criminals early enough in life to pre- vent their development; the people are not sufficiently interested to make the suppression of crime possible and there fs not a proper organization of a State-wide detective force to deal with its discovery. In explanation of his first propo- sition he says that our reform schools are hot-beds for the training of con- firmed criminals, because the boys who are sent -there are confirmed criminals before they go. And his reason for this is that no magistrate is so harsh with youth that he will send a boy there until he is firmly es- tablished in crime. He first gives him every opportunity to develop his criminal tendencies before he goes to the reformatory, and then he meets other boys already steeped in crime. As for crime prevention, we seem to be wholly without useful machinery. Our- police force doubtless prevents some through a certain omnipresence ahd a certain foresight; but organized Surprises are as effectual as the strategy of war. Small Proportion Arrested. The 'warden of Sing Sing has lately heen quoted as saying that only two out of every hupdred are caught, and criminals look upon capture as the booby prize awarded to the incapable. A promipent editorial characterized this as reckless generalization; but as- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, g il e CITIZEN CONSTABULARY URGED AS WAY TO STAMP OUT CRIME Once Communities Are Penalized for Offenders, Says Noted Publicist, There Would Be an Incentive to Hunt Him Down. suming its truth, commented upon its implication, and suggested that as 9% per cent continue to go about their business, prisons are psychiatric hos- pitals for the treatment of those few criminals whose intelligence quotient renders them unfit for the pursuit of #n exacting occupation. Y. also sug- gested that public interest is bound to shift from thé 2 per cent to the 98 per cent. While the editorial was written in an incredulous and critical tone, it said what, in my opinion, is unquestionably true, that the crime problem is altered from a penal prob- lém to a police problem, and that the real question 1s enough policemen to run down the 49 who are loose for the one who is seized. In this connection, it is interesting to recall that at a recent meeting of the executive council of the American Bankers’ Association it was reported that the six months ended February 28, 1926, witnessed the sharpest re- ductlon in eriminal attcks on member banks in the history of the protective department; the advance in coping with bank eriminals is more rapid this year than since 1919. The reduction is attributed in a large measure to the introduction of vigilant methods. And now, it is stated that “town guards” have been organized in 1,000 towns in Tillnois, and in consequence it has been a banner year for freedom from bank robbers. Citizen Constabulary Urged. Though I have no certain solution and no panacea, I do wonder some- times whether we might not, under the regulation of law, utilize and de- velop a citizen constabulary, properly organized, properly officered, subject to call like a fire department, or a riot squad, answeradle for misuse of power, but endowed with some of the func- tions of a vigilance committee, and as quick in action as the hue and cry, to apprehend, if not to try. I recall that in prinitivé times it was the locality which was penalized for the offender; the immediate vicin- age was answerable for his offense. And after the lapse of ages we have accepted the view that the industry must bear the burden of the person injured in its activities. Perhaps we may reach the point once again when it will be the local duty to pay for crime, If it is not prevented and thus offer a_substantial incentive to hunt down the offender and deliver him up to justice. - . (Copyright. 1926.) tion, is piloting the Assistant Secre- tary in the UO land plane of Rear Admiral Moffett. The trip is in ac. cordance with the new Assistant Sec- retary’s plan to famillarize himself with naval aviation activities on ‘the Atlantic.Coast as soon as possible. e il ey "3 Afraid of Him. From the London Tid-Bits. ‘Whenan Edinburg councilor was traveling to London there was an old man in the same carriage to whom he apoke sevéral ‘times without getting a reply. Just as they neared the end of the journey the cld man leaned for- ard and asked, “Are we near King’s The councilor told the old man that he thought him very ill.mf:nnered for not replying when spoken to earlier in the day. Sald the aged traveler: “Man, I was feared to answer ye. Ye are awfu’ like a photygraph I saw in the paper of a murderer.” . Left-Handed Compliment. Froin the London Tid-Bits. A man complained bitierly of the conduct of his son. He related at length to an old friend all the young man’g eecapad ou. -nould‘:‘eu to him with firm- ness and recall him to-his duty,” sal the friend. “But he pays not the slightest at- tention to what I say. He listens only to the advice of fools. I wish vou would talk to him.” Contradicted Herself. From the Boston Trahecrivt. Little Jackie did his best but could not. succeed very well with his les- sons. 3 explained the er, 'Oh, Jackie, “can’t you do thess sums? I don't Jackle, ‘belleve you are really trying. ““Why, teacher,” returned 1 up reproachfully, ‘‘yesterday vou told me § was the most trying boy in school.” MANY ATTEND PARISH ANNIVERSARY EVENT Christ Espicopal Church, Rockville, Scene of Ceremonies in Charge of Rector, Dr. Minnick. Special Dispatch to The Star. ROCKVILLE, Md., July 26.—The 200th anniversary of the establish- ment of Prince Georges parish which now comprises . but two churches —Christ Church, Rockville, and Ascension Church, Gaithersburg, but which originally embraced all of what is now the District of Co- lumbia ' and _Prince Georges, Mont- gomery, Frederick, Washington, Garrett and Alleghany counties and a part of Carroll County, was cele- brated in Christ Episcopal Church here yesterday in the presence of many present and former members of the parish and others. The. Right Rev. James E. Freefhan, Bishop of Washington, in a letter from Maine, where be is: Summering, expressed regret at his inability to. attend, congratulated the parish and extended his blessing to rector and people. The exercises were: in charge of Rev. Dr. Millard F. Minnick, rector of Christ Church, and included holy communion at 7:30 a.m. and services at 11 a.m. and § p.m. Dr. Minnick gave e historical sketch of Prince Georges parish. He stated that the territory embraced within the original parish was 90 miles long and told how it had grad- ually. been reduced in size by carv- ing out of it other parishes. ‘Willlam H. Baden of Christ Church vestry followed Dr. Minnick in an address dealing chiefly with events of world-wide character during the 200 years. He stated that the vestry had authorized the erection. of parish hall, and that such a build- ing, on a site adjoining Christ Church, would be a reality soon. - At the evening service addresses were delivered .by Rev. Charles T. Warner and Rev. Enoch Magruder Thompson, former members of the parish. f AT RAINIER TAX RATE SAME. Greater Revenue Promised, How- ever, Due to Growth. Special Dispatch to The Star. MOUNT RAINIER, Md:, July 2 The mayor and town council of Mount Rainier has set 40 cents on each $100 assessed valuation of real estate and improvements as the town tax rate for the year beginning August 1. This is the same rate as now prevalls, but the revenue will be somewhat larger. t! ensuing year, since the assessable basis has been increased to $2,250,000 over the present of around $2,- 000,000. Practically all the increase is, due to new construction. 0il Land Applicants Warned. Persons filing applications in draw- | ings for oil.and gas permits on public lands in the future must state whether they are filing in good faith for thelr own benefit or in behalf of other per- sons or corporations, under an Inte- rior Department ruling today. Any applicant who fails to disclose any and | all interests other than his own which shall tend to give an advantage in the drawing, the ruling said, will forfeit any claim to a return or repayment of money tendered with his application and subject his permit to cancellation for fraud. P s ar s u!n the past year buflding permits JOHNSON DEMANDS U.5. DESERT COURT Senator Sees Europe’s “Hatred” as Reason for Abandoning Tribunal. Declaring “hatred of the United States” is the only thing in which the nations of Europe are ‘“‘united,” Sen- ator Hiram Johnson, Republican, of California, asserted in a statement yesterday that in the face of this con- dition the United States should with- draw without delay its proposal for entry into the World Court. Laying this *hatred” to the debt question, Senator Johnson declared that in spite of it, a “part of our citi- zenship is so blind, a paft so weak and flabby, that they would take this hated creditor nation into a world court dominated by its hating cred- itors.” Few Accept Reservations. “It comes to us from various sources that our reservations will be accepted by no great nations of Europe, but three small nations have acquiesced in them,” sald Senator Johnson. "““We may be saved from ourselves by those ‘who hate us most; but it would be in- finitely better, with the knowlege ex- isting in the State Department today, and with the knowlege that has been conveyed to eur people by the daily news dispatches, that, without delay, we withdraw our proposal for entry.” The greatest of the English news- papers are denouncing us without stint; the French press is ablaze in its bitterness against us; the Italian papers emulate those of other coun- tries in applying opprobrious epithets to us. One of them shrieks at us: “‘But there is one thing to be re- membered outside of Europe in the world, there is Asia —— and in Asia there is Japan.' Anti-American Feeling. “Well dressed crowds of Frenchmen in the streets of Paris hiss and hoot | and mob Americans. “In our leading international news- paper, the New York Times, we read today from its Paris correspondent, who always volces the foreign view that what is occurring has the po- tentiality of trouble. “The United States is the pariah among nations, openely accused of being a money bag and a shylock, hated and despised by all. And ap- parently the cause of it all is because the United States is seeking to collect a portion, and only a small portion, of the promissory notes given to the United States by foreign nations. “We have just learned from Mr. Mellon for the first time that in the case of France we forgave all the money we loaned during the war and collected but half of that loaned after the war, and we learned .this despite the fact that until now Mr. Mellon and his spokesmen in and out of the Congress insisted we were collecting every dollar of the principal due us.” Pays Fine in Pennies. Magistrate J. H. Kefauver of Mid- dleton, Md., had to count 2,657 pen- nies with which a. penny-in-the-slot vending machine collector paid a speeding fine. The magistrate count- ed by easy stages. He found himself 12 pennies “long” of the fine and said he would return them. ' MORRIS PLAN BANK _Under Supervision V. 8. Treasury 1408 H ST. N. W. 2 SRR ken out in Canada higher than In any like period for six years. . D. G, DWYER RUM CASE ISGIVENTOJURY $40,000,000 Liquor Ring Trial Ends Afler Sensa- tional Testimony. By the Assoclated Press. NEW YORK, July 26.—The case of Willlam V. Dwyer and seven others, accused of operating a $40,000,000 | rum ring, went to the jury in Federal | Court today. The trial was featured by testimony : of former coast guardsmen that while | In the Government service they ran liquor to port from Dwyer's boats in rum row in the United States cutters. | The defense concentrated on attempts | to show that these Government wit- nesses were not to be believed even under oath. Charles Augustus Smith, the prin- cipal Government witness, was ac- cused of perjury and wife desertion by defense counsel. He was arrested and the charge of perjury formally placed against him. Government counsel, in summing up, admitted that Smith had been proven a llar in regard to his wife and a second enlistment in the Navy, but pointed out that his testimony relative to running liquor for Dwyer had been borne out by that of other witnesses. : The figure of A. Bruce Blelaski, Government “‘under-cover” man, loomed large during the trial. On the stand he said that he received a salary of $1,100 a month as special personal representative in New York of Gen. Lincoln C. Andrews, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in charge of prohibition enforcement. An in- vestigation of this salary was ordered by the Attorney General's office in ‘Washington. e e L A NEW DRY WEAPON PROVIDED BY COURT Decision, Basis of Drive to Issue Liquor Permits Only to “Fit” Persons. A new campaign against illegal venders of legal liquor, including druggists, operators of denaturing plants and others, is under way. Fitness of persons to hold such lquer permits under the national pro- hibition act, officials of the Treasury admitted, to be rigorously tested under a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. As an indication of the new cam- paign, the Treasury published today the syllabus of a decision of the Fed- eral court in Massachusetts in favor of the Government against a druggist. The Massachusetts court cited the Su- preme Court decision in the case of Ma-King Products Co. of June 1 of this year. One Treasury official indicated that the principle in the Ma-King case, that the commissioner of internal revenue has wide discretionary powers in denying permits where the appli- cant is shown not to be “fit,” will be used throughout the country in put- ting a stop to bootlegging of licensed liquor from denaturing plants, drug uinres and other places of legal sup- ply. & Publication of the Massachusetts decision against John J. O'Rourke was interpreted today as information not only to Government agents con- cerned, but to the public at large that the new war is on. Explaining the far-reaching effect of the decision, one official sald it gave the commissioner of internal reve- nue wide discretionary power in de- termining the moral qualifications and the intellectual competency of appli- cants for permits. —— e GIRL ACCUSES TAXI MAN. Sarah Boyard, 15 years old, of 1244 Eleventh street, reported to the po- lice last night that while she was walking home from Tweifth and N streets, a taxicab driver tried to force her into his cab. She said he was frightened away by another automo- bile. She described the driver.to the police. —_— 182 Liquor Arrests. Arrests for offenses resulting from the handling and drinking of intoxi- cants during the 48 hours ended at 8 o'clock this morning totaled 182. There were 134 arrests for intoxica- tion, 39 for sale, possession, trans- porting and manufacturing intoxi- cants and 7 for driving automobiles while intoxicated. Seizures during the two days included 620 quarts of whisky, 240 bottles of home brew, two quarts of rum and one automo- bile. Lieut. Davidson Resigns. The President has accepted the resignation of Second Lieut. James A. Davidson, jr., Field Artillery, recently stationed at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, to take effect, August 1. &, - Itallans -refuse to become patriotic over perfumed soap, preferring that made in othercountries to the home 'MONDAY, JULY 26. 1926. Jiggs Feels Better Sergt. Maj. Jiggs of the U. S. Marines and Sergt. Eisenberg, who has him in charge. Sergt. . Jiggs is re- covering from too much mess. FRANC RECOVERING GROUND STEADILY IN PARIS AFTER LOSSES (Continued from First Page.) the question of a forced loan was dis- cussed at the cabinet council today, but its application appears difficult; many of the ministers pointed out that the experiences along this line at- tempted by other countries were very discouraging. The payments which the Poincare ministry must meet before August 25 are very heavy. They include 500,000, 000 francs July 31 for salaries of state employes; 68,000,000 interest on treas- ury bonds of August 15, .and on August 16, 235,000,000 francs' interest on 5 per cent renters. Ten million dollars is due the United States on August 1, and £3,000,000 is due Great Eritain between August 18 and 25. The cabinet is convinced that the pay ments falling due within & month can be met without further inflation. Press Reports U. S. View. Special inducements will be extended to taxpayers settling their 1926 taxes before the lapse of 60 days. The entire French press comments at length on the expressions of satis- faction with which the new cabinet has been received by the United States, Great Britain, Italy, Spain and Germany. The newspapers are almost unani- mous in rebuking recent anti-Ameri- can demonstrations, or rather demon- strations against tourists who are sup- posed to come from nations the ex- change of which is unfavorable to France because of the low-level of the franc. A few of the newspapers, how- ever, continue to print all sorts of far- fetched stories which, it is considered, are calculated to encourage feelings against foreigners. Most of the papers tell the French people it 18 not the fault of individual Americans or Englishmen in France if they receive an excessive number of francs for their dollars or pounds sterling, curiously enough, although Spain's exchange rate is high, very little is heard about the peseta, as compared with the dollar and the pound. The papers remind the French peo- ple that they did not hesitate to take advantage of the high rate of ex- change when it favored them in the days when they were abile to buy bar- gains in Germany owing to the col- lapse of the mark. Tbey say that in- numerable articles, from high-powered field glasses to costly fur céoats, found their y to France at that time and at low cost. e —— Transferred to Infantry. Maj. Charles W. Mason, Chemical Warfare Service, at Omaha, Neb., has been transferred to the Infantry and assigned to the 34th Regiment, at Fort Eustis, Va. —_— Shanghai, Chin: spurt in_spite of has had a bullding o war. SPECIAL JULY and AUGUST SALE OF Pittfib,ur.g AUTOMATIC GAS WATER HEATERS puts one in your home . immediately Balance Easy Terms THERE 1S A SIZE FOR EVERY HOME EDGAR MORRIS SALES CO. ' Factory Distributors 1305 G St. N. W. \ Main 1032-1033 KeeP in Touch with Washington through The Star You will return from your vacation posted on all that has occurred in Washington during your absence if you arrange before you go to have The Star—Evening and [l Sunday—sent to you. i No matter how often you change your address, The Star will follow you upon di- rection, ; Rates by Mail—Postage Paid Payable in Advance Maryland and Virginia — One month... One week.... All other States— One month. .ccceeerestinessess $1.00 75¢ M“i:slnd Sunday ~ Evening Sunday .75 80c 25¢ 25¢ 15¢ 10c 35¢ One Week..coseecomssnsmvesens 30 25¢ 10c MARINES' MASCOT LEAVES HOSPITAL Sergt. Maj. Jiggs, 7 Years » 0id, Recovers From Eating Too Much. ! Sergt. Maj. Jiggs, United States Marine Corps, ear-old veteran Eng- ish bulldog mascot, has just left his luxurious quarters at a local animal hospital after undergoing a week’s treatment for intestinal ipdigestion due to gourmandizing. He will rejoin the marines base ball team at the Ses- q\;!,l‘?nlenniul exposition in Philadel- phia. Jiggs was rushed by airplane from Quantico to Anacostia recently when he was threatened with internal dis- orders brought on by riotous living at the marine mess, and was regally lodged in a veterinary suite de luxe of marble, glass and tile, fitted with eiderdown mattress and pillow—for nothing’s too good for the pride of the Devil Dogs. - ‘The prize dog is a fine specimen of ine physique and weighs in at 75 pounds ringside. He'ls pure white and despite the professionally fero- clous countenance, adores children, and only vents his wrath upon oppos- ing athletic teams, of marines victory. Jiggs swanks two complete uniforms, dress and fatigue, consisting of brass studded collar, har- ness, muzzle and leash. He enlisted as a puppy when he was presented to the Marine Corps by Gen. Butler, and was promoted from sergeant to sergeant major by former Secretary of the Navy Denby two years ago, who indorsed his regu- lation service and health record, which is filed away with those of his buddies. Jiggs is just completing his second “cruise” in the service. While he was at the hospital he was reluctantly re- stricted to-a malted milk and egg diet, but now he feels his former vivacious self—yes sirree. Sergt. 1. E. Eisenberg, athletic mess caterer, is escorting Jiggs to Philadelphia to encourage the marine nine in their three scheduled games there before going to Durham, N. H to join the foot ball squad in training there. The mascot is a seasoned a sure harbinger | e 5 ORDERS ICE WEIGHED. Warrants Out for 8 Dealers Who Failed to Use Scales. A campaign against fce dealers whd violate the welghts and measures regus lations, through failure to weigh ica before making a delivery, was started | the District. Warrants already have been issued for the arrest of eight icé dealers, and others are expected t6 follow. Mr. Roberts sald his department would continue its campalgn until the illegal practice. is completely aban- doned. m&ue Will Censor Films. , * Because of the interchange of mo- tion picture films among the various countries of the world, and the dif- ference of conventional standards to be met with in the audiences as a re- sult, the League of Nations has under- taken to protect children from the un- desirable films. A central censorship board in the member countries will endeavor to regulate .the exchange, weeding out those films which, while permissible in some countries, would be held de- ' grading or undesirable in another where living standards are different. PERPETUAL BUILDING ASSOCIATION PAYS 5% Compounded Semi-Annually Commencing January 1, 1926 Assets Over $12,000,000 Surplus, $1,000,000 Cor. 11th & E Sts. N.W. ‘emporary location during construe- tion of our new bidg.: 1004 E St. JAMES BERRY, President JOSHUA W. CARR, Sec'y traveler and has a host of friends all over the country D. J. KAUFMANc 1005 Pa. Ave. 1724 Pa. Ave. . Home of the “2-Pants” Suit A “Ten-Day Drive” for 500 new customers. with 500 Super-Value Blue Serg‘e 2-Pants Suits (The World’s Greatest Value)' Sold regularly at $40 & $45 —14-Ounce Australian Wool " —Guaranteed Absolutely Sunproof —Hand-Tailored Throughout —Superbly Trimmed and Draped —Men’s and Young Men's Models —Single and Double Breasted —Regulars, Shorts, Longs and Stouts —No Charge for Alterations —Every Suit With 2 Pairs Pants desummer C‘learance Sales : Palm Beaches reduced to $13.75 Silky Mohairs reduced to $16.75 Tropical Worsteds reduced to $23.75 $2.50 Straws reduced to $1.65 _$2.00 White B(oadcloth Shirts, $1.39 $1.00 Fancy Silk Hose . . . $1.00 Knee Union Suits « . 50c Fiber Silk Hose . ... 35c Wash Ties . . .o e oo —Charge Accounts Invited M oney’;v Worth or Money Back D. J. KAUFMAN e 1005 pa_. Ave. 1724 Pa. Av v