Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1926, Page 3

COOLIDGE INVOK ES 1776 SPIRIT IN SPEECH AT SESQUICENTENNIAL (Continued from F rst_Page.) real heart of the American Govern- ment depends upon the heart of the People * + r a svstem of popular govern- e will always be those who for political preferment by or reform. While there is this which is not sincere, large portion that is not formed. In my opinion very criticism can attach to and principles of our in- ore is far more danger there is hope of ol radical changes. We do need e anding and compre. on of them and better knowl- edge of the foundations of govern- ment in general.” Text of Speech. text of the very little there is well little of the stitu of har in any full President’s v Countrymen: et 1o celebrate the birthday a. The coming of a new ays exc our interest Although we know in the case of the individual that it has heen an infinite repetition reaching back beyond our vision, that only makes it the more wonderful. But how our interest and increase when we behold the miracle of the b 1 new natjon It is to pay our tribute of reverence and respect to those who partici in such a mighty event that we an- nually observe the 4th day of July Whatever may have been the fmpres sion created by the news which went out from_ this city on that Summer day in there can be no doubt as’ to the estimate which is now placed upon it. At the end of 150 vears the four cormers of the earth unite in coming t 2 as a holy shrine in grateful acknowledg t of so great, which here rendered to PRINCE IS ONLY ENVOY ABLE TO SPEAK SERBIAN By the Associated Prass. BELGRADE, Jugoslavia, July 5.— John D. Prince, Amerlcan Minister to Jugolslavia, is the only forefgn dip- lomat able to speak to the Serbs in their own tongue When the Min went to the royal palace to present his credentials to the King recently, he surprised the young Jugoslav monarch by address: ing him in his own tongue. u are the only diplomat from any foreign country who has ever conversed with me in pure Serbian,” £aid the King. “T felicitate you on your extraordinary linguistic ability.” Mr. Prince at one time was profes- £or of Slavonic languages at Columbia University, New York. He commands facile use of & other tongues, in cluding Turkish, Arabic, Hindustani, Armeniar k and all the Latin inavian languages. Also he mposer of the music for the On_ the Road to Mandalay,” on which he has been receiving roy- sltles for 2o v ELECTRIC Folse wired $83. Drop « G-ROOM fixtures, 25 15th st &e. 10° HOU! WIRING 30, 1926 following pro- s .t an lenear foot. one- against the New York ave. and €. block 66 3 and 1 jivision ek 11 s 11, hlock 17, . 11 and hlock " 1R ile- fieny ave.. 9, and 10 4.15.16. 17 rest suhdivisi 1516 1o 5 m subdy 'n!lxfi nd"10. s Sandvision: d Tots 16, 11721, Chaney's Fesubdivisic . biock 49 kst an estimated Jost of T f00t. the total cost of which he properties noted d 6 25: lots 1. 13, ibert’s gubdiy Lincoln_ave. 96, block ige ave ock Inert's subdi ¢ abutting lots 12, Hibdiided o treet . Codar ‘IU and 11, block & Tlock 86, and ur atimated cost at an . the to. wnst_the properts and council, at their cement of the Pres evening. July 19, i1l hear all partles herein _proposed DAVIS avor. 30926 interested ¥ ANT T DAY DRUDGERY * 2112, and lot Thrift Wash S TO PATRONS CO.. Yo ara Ovtical Co Ridg.. whe hw.. Colorado prescription iy now on file ased the stock, an pions of whe Huske NSMAN B(:S’TICAL €O0.. 705 ADDED_VANS CONSTANTLY RUNNING fween New York and Washington, also lo- ca]l moving: we 2o anywhers For estimates gall Columbia 7087, OK Motor ‘Transter ot Express. 2424 18t RN TOAD OF FURNE: NTE 3 ture from Philadelphia or Balu- e Yor m(gm SMITH'S TRANSFER ND STOR- PERHANGIN: A MAID- (Burleith). "~ Potomac = 1y18° A CEMENT. JAMES W. ANDERSON, ~—formerly with James TLinsk & Sons. hat opened for business an office’ and shoj lglfl Oth st. nw._ Painting, interior }CO- and ~ paperhanging. Office phone £17. “Residenco "phone ~ Columbla RUSTY ROOFS —will soon be leaky roofs 1 neglectad. Protec-Tin Roof Paint kMFl out rust for many years—gives the old roof a new Tet us apply ft! lease of lite. 119 3rd St. 5.W. Gear Cutting Shafting and cold rolled steel. Cast phospher-bronze bushings. General Machine Work H. C. Cragg Mig. Co., 228 K s.w. When You Need Printing—CONSULT This Million Dollar Pfln}l.nl' Plant The National Capital Press 210-1212 D ST_N.W. E DISAPPOINT " PRINTING IN A HURRY BYRON S. ADAMS h Grade, but not high priced. o Tith Street. LA CALL US NOW _ For WINDOW SCREENS ~—Don't put it off—get our estimates today on made-tomeasure screens; 4o KTEEBLATT ue 2 d_Screens. Phone Li EPENDABLE ROOF REPAIRERS —You can depend an our rooffers to do the kind of work you want. O or 27. Roofing Cos Sts. NE. AL NOTICE! ,COLUMDBI\ OPEICAL CO. 1410 & ST K.w. EDWIN B. @UCWER. President. _ . atin) ort ed | | humanity, that it is still the preemin- ent support of frce government throughout the world. | *“Although a century and a half ! measured in comparison with the length of human experience is but a short time, vet measured in the life of governments and nations it ranks | as a very respectable period. Certainly | enough time has clapsed to demon- | ness the value of our Institutions and their dependability as rules for the | regulation of human conduct and the advancement of clvilization. They have been in existence long enough to hecome very well seasoned. They have met, and met suczessfully, the test of experfence. Reaffirm Old Theories. “It is not o much then for the pur- pose of undertaking to proclaim new theories and principles that this an- nual celebration is maintained, hut ther to reaffirm and reestablish those old theories and principles whicia | time and the unerring logic of qvents have demonstrated to be sound. Amid lall the clash of conflicting interest {amid all the welter of partisan poli- ics, every Amerlcan can tarn for solace and consolation to the Declara | tion of Independence and the Consti tution of the United States with the surance and confidence that those reat charters of freedom and remain firm and unshaken | Whatever perils appear, whatever | dangers threaten, the Nation remains secure in the knowledge that the ulti- mate application of the law of the land will provide an adequate defense and protection. “It is little wonder that people at and abroad consider Inde- o s hallowed ground and iberty Bell as a sacred plle of bricks and mor- that mass of metal, might ap pear to the uninstructed as only the outgrown meeting place and the shat- tered bell of a former time, useles | now because of more modern con- ! veniences, but to those who know they have become consecrated by the use which men have made of them. They have long been Identified with |a great cause. " They are the frame. work of a spiritual event. ‘The world looks upon them, because of their as. soclations of 150 years ago, as it looks upon the Holy Land because of what took ulace there nineteen hundred vears ago. Through use for a righteous purpose they have become sanctified. “It is not here necessary to exam- ine in detail the causes which led to the American Revolution. In their im- mediate oceasion they were largely economic. The colonists objected to the navigation laws which interfered with their trade, they denied the power of Parliament to impose taxes which they were obliged to pay, and they therefore resisted the royal gov- ernors and the royal forces which were sent to secure obedience to these laws. But the conviction is inescap- ble that a new civilization had come, a new spirit had arisen on this side of the Atlantic more advanced and more developed in its regard for the rights of the individual than that which characterized the Old World. Life in a new and open country had pirations which could not be realized in any subordinate position. A sepa- rate establishment was ultimately in- evitable. Tt had been decreed by the very laws of human nature. Man everywhere has an unconquerable de- Sireto be the master of his own des- tiny. | Movement by People. “We are obliged to conclude that the Declaration of Independence rep resented the movement of a people. It was not. of course, a movement from the top. Revolutions do not come from that direction. It was not without support of many of the most respectable people in the Colonies, who were entitled to all the conside ation that is given to breeding, educa- tion and possessions. It had the sup- nort of another element of great sig- nificance and importance. to ich 1 shall later refer. But the preponder- ance of all those who occupled a sition which took on the aspect of ari: tocracy did not approve of the Revo- ‘ution and held toward it an attitude either of neutrality or open hostility. It was in no sense a rising of the op. pressed and downtrodden. It brought no scum to the surface, for the reason that colonial society had developed no scum. The great body of the people were accustomed to privations, but they were frea from depravity. If they had poverty it was not of the hopeless kind that afflicts great cities, but the inspiring kind that marks the spirit of the pioneer. The American Revolution represented the informed and mature convictions of a great mass of {ndependent, liberty-loving, God-fearing people who knew thelr rights and possessed the courage to d: to maintain them. ““The Continental Congress was not only composed of great men, but it represented a great people, While its members did not fail to exercise a re- markable leadership,they were equally observant of their representative ca- pacity. They were industrious in en- couraging their constituents to in- struct them to support independence. But until such instructions were given they were inclined to withhold action. “While North Carolina has the honor of first authorizing its delegates to concur with other Colonies in de- claring independence, it was quickly followed by South Carolina and Geor- gia, which also gave general instruc- tions broad enough to include such action. But the first instructions which unconditionally directed its dele- gates to declare for independence came from the great Commonwealth of Virginia. These were immediately 'URELY, there are 100,000 ‘Washingtonians who will gladly send one dollar or more to honor the living and the dead of the 26,000 from the District of Columbia who served their country in the armed forces in the Great War. Send to John Poole, ‘Treasurer, District of Colum- bia Memorial Commission, Federal-American National Bank. Deed Restrictions it Vst Assures Future Desirability Select Your Home Site NOW! Hedges & Middleton, Inc. REALTORS 1412 Eye St. N.W, Franklin 9503 strate with a great deal of thorough. | i sachusetts, while the other Colonies, with the exception of New York, soon adopted a like course. Result of Mature Thought. “This obedience of the delegates to the wishes of their constituents, which {in some cases caused them to modify their previous positions, is a matter of great significance. It reveals an order- ly process of government in the first place; but more than that, it demon- strates that the Declaration of In- dependence was the result of the sea- soned and deliberate thought of the dominant portion of the people of the Colontes. Adopted after long_ discus- on and as the result of the duly au- thorized expression of the preponder- ance of public opinion, it did not par- take of dark intrigue or hidden con- piracy. It was well advised. It had bout it nothing of the lawless and disordered nature of riotous insurrec tion. It was maintained on a plane which rises above the ordinary con ception of rebellion. It was in no sense a radical movement, but took on the dignity of a resistance to illegal usurpations. It was conservative and represented the action of the Colonists to maintain their constitutional rights which from time immemorial had been guaranteed to them under the law of the land. “When we come to examine the ac- fion of the Continental Congress in dopting the Declaration of Independ- ence in the light of what was set out in that great document and in the light of succeeding events, we cannot escape the conclusion that it had a much broader and deeper significance than a mere secession of territory and the establishment or a new mation Events of that nature have been tak- ing place since the dawn of history. One empire after another has arisen, only to crumble away as its constitu- ent parts separated from each other and set up independent governments ? their own. Such actions long ago became commonplace. They have oc curred too often to hold the attention of the world and command the ad- miration and reverence of humanity There is something beyond the estab- lishment of a new nation, great as that event would be, in the Declara- tion of Independence which has ever since caused it to be regarded as one of the great charters that not onl was to liberate America, but w everywheres to ennoble humanity. It was not because it was pro- posed to establish a new nation, but because it was proposed to establish a nation on new principles, that July 4, 1776, has come to be regarded as one of the greatest days in history. Great ideas do not burst upon the world un announced. They are reached by a gradual development over a length of time usually proportionate to their importance. This is especially true of the principles laid down in the Dec. laration. of Independence. Three vel definite propositions were set out in its preamble regarding the nature of mankind and, therefore, of govern ment. These were the doctrine that all men are created equal, that they are endowed with certain inallenable rights and that, therefore, the source of the just powers of government must be derived from the consent of the governed. Consent of Governed. “If no one is to be accounted as born into a superior station, if there is to be no ruling class, and if all pos- sess rights which can neither be bar- tered away nor taken from them by any earthly power, it follows as a matter of course that the practical authority of the government has to rest on the consent of the governed. While these principles were not alto- gether new in political action, and were very far from new in political specu- lation, they had never been assembled before and declared in such a combi natfon. But remarkable as this ma. be, it is not the:chief distinction of the Declaration of Independencc. The importance of political speculation s not to be underestimated, as I shall presently disclose. Until the idea is developed and the plan made there can_be no action “It was the fact that our Declara- tion of Independence containing these fmmortal truths was the political ac- tion of a duly authorized and consti- tuted representative public body In its sovereign capacity, supported by the force of general opinion and by the armies of Washington already in the field, which makes it the most impor- tant civil document in the world. It was not only the prineiples declared, but the fact that therewith a new Nation was born which was to be founded upon those principles, and which from that time forth in its de velopment has actually maintained those principles, that makes this pro- nouncement an incomparable event in the history of government. It was an assertion that a people had arisen de- termined to make every necessary sacrifice for the support of these truths, and by their practical applica- tion bring the War of Independence to a successful conclusion and adopt the Constitution of the United Stat L2 BOOKS BOUGHT ‘& “Bring Them In” or Phone Fr. 5416 PEARLMAN'S, 933 G St. NW. rnew, MAIN 5380 § Dupont Pharmacy 1905 Mass. Ave. NW. Is a Star Branch When you have a want, a Star Classified Ad will put you in touch with someone who can supply it. You don’t need to come *way down to the main office, just leave the ad. with The Star Branch in your neigh- borhood and it will re- ceive prompt atten- tion. b The Star prints MORE Classified ads every day than all the other papers here combined—for which there is a reason— RESULTS. “Around the Corner” is a Star Branch Office. with all that tion. b “The idea that the people have a right to choose their own rulers was not new in political history. It was the foundetion of every popular at- tempt to depose an undesirable king. This right was set out with a good deal of detail by the Dutch when as early as July 26, 1581, they declared their independence of Philip of Spain. In their long struggle with the Stu arts the British people asserted the same principles, which finally culmi- nated in the BIll of Rights, deposing the last of that house and placing Willlam and Mary on the throne. In each of these cases soverelgnty through divine right was displaced by sovereignty through the consent of the people. Running through the same documents, though expressed in different terms, is the clear inference of inalienable rights. But we should search these charters in vain for an assertion of the doctrine of equality. ‘This principle had not hefore appeared as an official political declaration of any nation. It was profoundly revo- lutionary. It is one of the corner stones of American {nstitutions. Early Origin of Ideal. “Dut if these truths to which the declaration refers have not before been adopted in their combined en- tirety by national authority, it is a fact that they had been long pondered and often expressed in political specu- lation. It is generally assumed that I'rench thought had some effect upon ar public mind during Revolution. days. This may have been true. it the principles of our declaration hiad been under, discussion in the Colo- es for neariy ‘two generations before the wdvent of the French political phtiosophy that characterized the mid- dle of the elghteenth century. In fact, they come from an earlier date. A very positive echo of what the Dutch had done in 1581, and what the English were preparing to do, appears in the assertion of the Rev. Thomas Hooker of Connecticut as early as 1638, when he said in a sermon before the General Court that— *‘“The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people. **‘The choice of public magistrates belongs to the people by God's own allowance." “This doctrine found wide accept- ance among the non-conformigt clergy who later made up the Congrega- tional Church. The great apostle of this movement was the Rev. John Wise of Massachusetts. He was one of the leaders of the revolt against the royal governor Andros in 1687, for which he suffered imprisonment. He was a liberal in ecclesiastical con- troversies. He appears to have been familiar with the writings of the po- litical scientist, Samuel Péfendorf, who was born in Saxony In 1632, Wise published a treatise, entitled “The Church’'s Quarrel Espoused,’ in 1710, which was amplified in_another publication in 1717 In it he dealt with the principles of civil govern- ment. His works were reprinted in 1772 and have been declared to have been nothing less than a textbook of liberty for our Revolutionary fathers. Aided by Church Meetings. “While the written word was the foundation, it apparent that the spoken word was the vehicle for con- vineing the people. This came with great force and wide range from the successors of Hooker and Wise. It was carried on with a missionary spirit_ which did not fail to reach the Seotch-Irish of North Carolina, show- ing its influence by significantly mak ing that Colony the first to give in- structions to its delegates looking to independence. This preaching reach- ed the neighborhood of Thomas Jeffer- son, who acknowledged that his ‘best ideas of democracy’ had been secured at_church meetings That these ideas were prevalent in Virginia is further revealed by the Declaration of Rights, which was | prepared by George Mason and pre sented to the General Assembly on | May 27, 1776. This dooument assert- ed popular soverelgnty and inherent natural rights, but confined the doc- | trine of equality to the assertion that | ‘All men are created equally free and independent.’ It can scarcely be imagined that Jefferson was unac- quainted with what had been done in his own Commonwealth of Virginia | when he took up the task of drafting | the Declaration of Independence. But | these thoughts can very largely be traced back to what John Wise was writing in 1710. He said: ‘Every man | must be acknowledged equal to every man.’ Again, ‘The end of all good government is to_ cultivate humanity and promote the happiness of all and the good of every man in all his rights, his life, liberty, estate, honor, and so Toath ¢ B “And again, ‘For as they have a power every man in his natural state, so upon combination they can and do bequeath this power to others and settle it accordingly as their united discretion shall determine.’ And still it has meant to civiliza- again, ‘Democracy is Christ's govern R 2 T e 272222 27277y ISOLATED FROM TRAFFIC But Only Fifteen Minutes From Downtown WOODLEY PARK A limited offering of exclusive homes with very definite social and realty values. 2,500 CASH—$125 MONTHLY $16,500 and $17,500 Other homes in this area, built and building $28,500—$32,500—$55,000 72227, T 2 22 T 22 LT 7T T 277272, Exhibit House—2907 Open Sundays and 1430 K St. N.W. JARDMAN ment in church and state.’ Here was the doctrine of equality, popular sov- | erelgnty, and the substance of the theory of inalienable rights clearly asserted by Wise at the opening of the eighteenth century, just as we have the principle of the consent of the governed stated by Hooker as early as 1638, References to God. “When we take all these circum- stances into consideration it is but natural that the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence should open with a reference to na- ture’s God and should close in the final paragraphs with an appeal to the Supreme Judge of the world and an assertion of a firm rellance on Divine Providence. Coming from these sources, having as it did this background, it is no wonder that Samuel Adams could say, ‘The people seem to recognize this resolution as though it were a decree promulgated from heaven.' “No one can examine this record and escape the conclusion that in the great outline of its principles the Declaration was the result of the re-. ligious teachings of the preceding period. The profound philosophy which Jonathan Edwards applied to theology, the popular preaching of George Whitefield, had aroused the thought and stirred the people of the Colonies in preparation for this great event. No doubt the speculations which had been going on in England, and especially on the Continent, lent their influence to the general senti- ment of the times. Of course, the world is always influenced by all the experience and all the thought of the past. But when we come to a con- templation of the immediate concep- tion of the principles of human rela- tionship which went into the Declara- tion of Independence, we are not re quired to extend our search beyond our own shores. They are found in the texts, the sermons and the writ- ings of the early colonial clergy who ! were earnestly undertaking to instruct their congregations in the great m: tery of how to live. They preached cqnality because they believed in the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood »f man. They justified freedom by the text that we are all created in the divine image, all partakers of the divine spirit. “Placing every man on a plane where he acknowledged no superiors, where no one possessed any right to rule over him, he must inevitably choose his own rulers through a sys. tem of self-government. This was their theory of democracy. In those days such doctrines would scarcely have been permitted to flourish and spread in any other country. This was the purpose which the fathers cherished. In order that they might have freedom to express these thoughts and opportunity to put them into action, whole congregations with their pastors had migrated to the colonies. These great truths were in the alr that our people breathed. Whatever else we may say of it, the Declaration of Independence was pro- foundly American. Great Spiritual Document. “If this apprehension of the fact be correct, and the documentary evi- dence would appear to verify it, then certain conclusions are bound to fol- low. A spring will cease to flow if its source be dried up; a tree will wither if_its roots be destroved. In its main Magnificent 16th Street Corner Residence In Vicinity of Exclusive Neigh- borhood of Hendarson Castle An ideal home_for entertaining pur- poses. containing 7 _maater bedrooms and 4 bathe on upper floors. Main floor has Jarge dining_room with open fireplace. lassed-in hreakfast room or sun parlor, tler's Kitchen. large living room and large reception Foom with built-in book- ases Firet floor has entrance hall with Winding atairway. 2 reception rooms. toi- let_and kitchen ' There is & 2-car brick ¥arage. Owner has reduced price and will make unusually attractive terms to ef- fect immediate sale W. H. WEST CO. 916 15th St. Every 30 Minutes on the hour and half hour Cathedral Ave. N.W. Daily Until 9 P.M. Main 3830 L2 2T 7 T T 2T 222722277 2. L e 7, SEE THEM TONIGHT BARGAINS $500 CASH Monthly Payments 3rd &4th & T & U Sts. N.E. Overloeking the | other conclusion. Governments do not features the Declaration of Independ- ence is a great spiritual document. It is a declaration not of material, but of spiritual conceptions. Equality, lib- erty, popular sovereignty, the rights of man—these are not elements which we can see and touch. They are ideals. They have their source and their roots in the religious convictions. They be- long to the unseen world. Unless the faith of the American people in these religious convictions is to endure, the principles of our Declaration will perish. We cannot continue to enjoy the result if we neglect and abandon the cause. ‘“We are too prone to overlook an- make ‘ideals, but ideals make govern- ments. This is both historically and logically true. Of course, the govern- ment can help to sustain ideals and can create institutions through which they can be the better observed, but their source by their very nature ix in the people. The people have t> bear their own responsibilities. There is no method by which that burden | can be shifted to the government. 1t 1s not the enactment, but the observ- ance of laws, that creates the char- acter of a nation. - “About the Declaration there is a finality that is exceedingly restful. Tt is often asserted that the world has made a great deal of progress since | 1776, that we have had new thoughts | and new experiences which have given us a great advance over the peopl of that day, and that we may there fore very well discard their conclu- | |l sions for something more modern. But that reasoning cannot be applied to | this great charter. If all men are created_equal that is final. If they | o endowed with inalienable rights, | that is final. If governments derive their just powers from the consent of (Continued on_Page 4 T FLAT TIRE? MAIN 500 LEETH BROTHERS In Virginia “Fifteen Minutes From F Street” Aren’t You Tired of Living in Some One's Else Home? TELEPHONE M. 7343 Telephone 0! 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