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8 * EVENING STAR h Sunday Morni Edition. HE v WASHINGTODN, D. C. ‘HURSDAY. . March 18, 1926 I'HEODORE W. NOYES. . . . Editor e Evening Star Newspaner Company Oftice ¢ Penn-ylvania Ave. S i s Towar Buildine. nt st London, England, Sunaay m n The Evenin= Star. with th o < within Ing edition, 18 red by o he city ot 60 cents per monti 5 cents per monti. Sunday er month. — Ovde:s elephone Main £000 carrier at the end of each mon Rate hy Mail—Pavable in Advance. Mary'and and Virginia. arly and Sund L1 vr € a0 1mo Daily onle 3 v S0 a0 ] mo punday only 11383000 1mo A'l O'her States and Canada, aily and Sunday.1yr. $12 0001 mo aily onlv 1yr. SO0 1 mo punday only’ . S1.00: 1 mo.. Member of the Assoclated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the ne far renublication of all news dis A7ta L or not Arverwiss ered- < Waner and aler the losal news wblished heenin Al rights of oublicatton 2 special Alanatches Lerein are also reserved. The Geneva Collanse. Failure of the League of Nations ssembly in special session at Geneva o work out a plan of reorsanization pt the Leacue Council to carry out he stipulations of the Locarno trea ies and the postponement of the ques- fon of Germany's admlssion until the | egular meeting in September, will ead undoubtedly to peltical reper ussions in several coun Sir Ans- en Chamberlain, the British delegate- n-chief, is alreadv in trouble at Lon- hon, where his course in conmection th the futile effort to seat Germany | bn the council fs under severe criti- 4sm, with the possibility of an en- forced resignation from the post of foreign minister. Former Premier Briand of France, now foreign min- ster of the newly formed successor inistry, will find more troubles than hsual awalting him at Paris on his re- urn. The German ministry of Luther s under fire at Berlin. The Czecho- fiovakian cahinet has already quit. I'he Sandler government of Sweden is n trouble over the offer of Foreign finister Unden to resign Sweden's ouncil seat along with Czechoslovakia n order to give Poland a permanent eat on the council. The domestic re- ults of the intransigent attitude of he Spanish and Brazillan delegates hich blocked the move to seat Ger any are not vet in evidence, but dif- lculties are certain to develop in those ountries. The fallure of Poland to ecure 2 permanent council seat has Iready caused strains in the political ituation at Warsaw. So it would seem that the fiasco at neva will have a far-reaching effect. t is not, however, belleved that the joundations of the League of Natlons have been actually weakened. It is vident that the rule of unanimity re- arding council action cannot fail to ause difficulties in the future, and al- eady a movement is under way to ef- lect a change in that rule in order to ssen the likelthood of future block- ding maneuvers by single nations. Recriminatfons for the Geneva fail- re are bitter. Brazil is sharply at- acked for the obstructive position aken on the German election to a ouncil seat. Other South American | ountries have expressed themselves harply on this point. But it is hintea hat Brazil did not adopt the role of bstructionist solely on Its own re ponsibility. Intimation is made that Brazil was simply selected for this un- racious part in the cast of characters t Geneva by other and larger pow- rs, secretly secking to prevent the onsummation of the plan to seat Ger- nany. It 1s significant that Germany has een named a committee of the eague to study the revision of the ovenant respecting admissions to the | ounc It is further significant that he tepres.. tatives of all the govern- | hents « g to the Locarno ! reaties tent that those com- | pacts ected and carried | nto efiect despite the fatlure of the eague council to admit Germany as ember at this session. | 10 reason to fear the col- | apse of the league or the denuncia- ion of the Locarno treaties as a re- ult of this present misfortune at meva. Yet friends cf the League | f Nations and well wishers for the | ne have reason to re- this demonstration that tes. on 1y Jarge 1f not a determi he great dra g part in Blue here th pumber of olor blind. lnws full suspicion. we concerned a large veople Invariably prove und e S — The Condnit Boulevard. The N: Park Commission has plan for widening the Conduit road 0 121 f tween the Georgetown nd Dalecarlia veservoirs, with a cen- er parking space nineteen feet wide. ['hete is also the proposal that in some | ts of the course of the road the wo ariveways be at dificrent levels. 0 carry out the plan it must be ap- roved by the District Commissione; hnd the land required must he given | by abutting property owne By his plin. Condult road between the WO rescIvoirs ful drive and perhaps the most pop- | lar boulevard in Washington. It is!| striking proposal and ought to be arried throush There are some thoughts In connec- fon with the plan on which the en. | gineers do touch. One is that he Conduit voad might he widened rom Cabin John, with a new bridge peross the to the Anglers’ lub, where the present road leaves he line of the conduit and: turns north 10 the top of the ridge, past ational would become a heau- | not crer ty only. | | into the Potomac Valley. | transport j months. that rough way, now only passable by pedestrians, the conduit tunnels the ridge to Great Falls, but it would be easy engineering to blast a broad way and build the road to the falls. Such a road, with a stone parapet on the drop side, would be of Alpine jcharacter. Then this boulevard might | €ross the river at Great Falls and lead back alons the Virginia side to Little | Falls or the Key Bridge, following the crest of the ridge and bridging the deep vales of Difficult Run, Prospect Run and the other gorges that open to the river. Perhaps the Virginia part of this 1 would pass at different heights bove Lake Meigs, which would be i formed by the proposed dam at Little Falls and which would fill the bed of the Potomac to the foot of the rock gorge below Great Falls. This road would surely rank as one of the scenic ways of the world and would spen to millions of Americans a knowledge of up-river scenery which 3¢|1s only seen now by persons who go afoot. If the engineers were exceedingly ambitious they might build another part of the upriver boulevard from Great Fulls to Seneca, bridging the river there and bringing the road back to Great Falls along the Vir- ifa bluffs. Tt might come to be that finally the iine of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal could be transformed into motor way from Seneca to Cumberland. It would be one of the wonder roads of America and would connect with road systems in the Monocacy and Shenandonh Valleys and all the other valleys that debouch That would be conditioned on the abandonment of the canal and many would lament ts passing from the landscape. As time goes on the need for cheap of freight should grow and this canal, widened and 1d with enlarged viaducts leading from the Appa- lachian country and across the val- leys of the Piedmont to the head of tide of a wide river connecting with the sea, ought to be of high commer- cial value. ater ned oo Crime in New York. A joint committee has just reported to the New Yt Legislature at Al- bany after an investigation of crime in that State, with a number of rec- ommendations which look to the strangthening of the law and its en- forcement. A recital of the principal proposals for new legislation and statutory enactments presents a vivid picture of the faults of the system now in vogue in the prosecution and the punishment of offenders, faults which prevail in practically all jurisdictions in this country. These are the chief recommendations of the joint legisla- tive committee: The prompt collection of defaulted ball bonds; denial of bail in case of a previous criminal record; removal of the presumption which protects de- fendants who do not testify; additional punishment if the criminal has a weapon during the commission of crime; commitment of a defendant pleading insanity to an institution for thirty days for observation; re-sen- tencing of convicts discovered to be second offenders; increase the mini- mum of indeterminate sentences to two-thirds Instead of one-half of the maximum; abolish commutation and compensation in reduction of sen- tences; revise the eriminal case pro- cedure to speed trials, reduce cost and eliminate technicalities; revise sen- tences to make the punishment fit the crime; reform the jury system and lessen exemptions; modification, per- haps the abolition, of the grand jury system; requirement of appeal within thirty days as in civil cases, Instead of a year. In only a minority percentage of major crimes gre convictions secured in New York City, with consequent punishments. In a very large per- centage of homicide cases the average | punishment is for less than three vears' imprisonment. In numerous instances prisoners are released on bonds, with long criminal records against them, and it is known that they resume their criminal practices almost immediately while awaiting hearing. The bailing system has de- veloped to such a point that prisoners are sometimes actually met at the station houses by their bondsmen. In development of the principle of mercy on the theory that light pun- {shments are curative of criminal tend- encies, commutations and allowances for good behavior and the fixing of minimums hava cut down the average of actual incarceration to a low pcint. Habitual eriminals regard the chance of commitment the penitentiary with relative indiffer. They go to jail or prison, conduct themselves in strict accordance with the rules of the {nstitution, get the bLenefit of “‘good hehavior” allowances and return to r criminal practices in a few When caught in repeated crime the are bailed. They secure delays of trial, they take appeals and so protract the period of immunity. In short, the criminal laws and pro- cedurs vor the criminal rather than society. The present report of the joint legislative committee in New York will, it is expected, lead to im- mediate revision of the laws, to effect to | a change in this regard, making it harder for criminals to escape pun- jshment and between times to com- mit further depredations. N The dear old Shamrock stands for a i peautiful sentiment, but the prosaic dletitian continues to recommend spin- ach. s Protecting the Innocents. A fraud order has just been issued by the Post Office Department against a partieularly mean swindle. A so- called music-publishing corporation operating in New York has been barred from using the malls after having taken hundreds of thousands of dollars from the guileless writers and he old gold mine, and descends to he river at Great s. Instead of urning away from the river near the nglers’ Club, a new road might be ut in the side of the ridge and fol- low the course of the river at a con- piderable height from it. The course of such a road is already marked by e line of the conduit from the west end of the Condult road nearly to Great Fells. From the west end of composers throughout the country. This is the last, it is believed, of a group of these frauds that, it is estl- mated by the postal authorifies, have mulcted would-be song writers of more than $2,000,000 in the last ten years. The game that these swindling com- panles has played is a simple one based upon the public bellef that for- tunes are to be made in successful ! song writing. It ta true that certain composers have made enormous profits with “song hits.” But for each of these there are thousands of fallures. So stmple are the popular tunes, 8o elementary are the verses accompany- g them, that nearly everybody thinks that thelr composition is easy. Hence, alluring advertisements and circulars sent broadcast through the country have found many eager con- tributors. Fees of from $26 to $90 have ‘been charged for the examina- tion of manuscripts. It is computed by the postal authorities that over 50,000 persons have trusted their com- positions to these fraudulent firms, the last of which has just been put under the ban. From this number, all of which have been traced, only one song was ever accepted by a legiti- mate publisher, and it was not writ- ten by an amateur. The “get-rich-quick" craze is utilized by swindlers in many ways, in fake stock promotion, in real estate boom- ing, in moton picture scenario stimu lation, and, as this latest action of the Post Office Department Indicates, by song-writing temptation. Legitimate publishing hopses, both musical and literary, do nut require fees for the examination of manuscripts and do not advertise great prospective profits for successes. They have no lack of materfal for examination. They do not need to stlmulate competition for their approval. They are ju: keen to get worth-while stories and songs as ave the authors and composers to produce them and to secure publica- tion. Yet, “the woods are full"” of un- reasoning aspimnts for literary and musical honors—and profits—who are lured by frauds to submit thelr wares on a fee b The fraud orders of the Post Office Department are design- ed to protect these innocents. e —o—— In contemplating future possibilities the G. O. P. is always compelled to consider the fact that Charles E. Hughes is a man of varied experience with a mind well gronsded in the practice of politics as well as tne ideal- ism of statesmanship. ——rena — As an Instructor in journalism Trotsky will wield great influence if ideas into print in terms more lucid than he was himself competent to em- ploy After Berlin deliberations are con- cluded the question may arise whether Germany is to be admitted to the League of Nations or the League of Nations is to be admitted to Germany. R International sentiments have be- come so involved that nobody thinks of interviewing Sir Thomas Lipton about the prospects for another yacht race. o It becomes evident that as a means of suggesting practical reliet for the farmer the cow-milking contests among eminent statesmen, some time since, were failures. vt A Russian ballet {s always a gor- geous affair, although frankly disclos- ing the fact that it has not heard the latest dancing news from Charleston. - et Colleglate authorities are compelled to regret that an Oxford education does not necessarily go with “Oxford bags.” e Popular interest might cling more tenaciously if the U. S. Senate could make its Investigations shorter and more snappy. ————ra—— To & modern, practical mind the magnificent ancient Egyptian tomb suggests a warning against the hoard- ing habit. s e The “first robin” is in most cases the last of the myths with which Im- agination strives to relleve the Winter- time monotony. ———————————— Much depends evidently on whether the League of Nations is to be con- trolled by the peacemakers or the politicians. r————————— Ending the anthracite strike was difficult; yet apparently easier than re- suming the supply of first-class fuel. .o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Peage. We're seeking Peace on every hand, On every sea and every land. Upon some method we'll decide Whereby no crime wave can abide. No gunman shall shoot up the street; No bootleg salesman we will meet. The jewel robber's trade will cease— And not till then will we have Peace. Restraint. “Your dry constituents demand more enthuslasm in yvour speeches.” “It's a matter for discretion,” sald Senator Sorghum. “If I venture on an enthusiasm that verges on great hilarity, they'll think I'm engaging in secret communion with the wets.” Belated Spring. St. Patrick's day came to an end; _ We feel a joy serene, Although on dyestuffs we depend For “Wearin' of the Green.” Jud Tunkins says everybody except hisself thinks he could run the Gov- ernment much better if he had a chance. Jud says, “What's the use o' deliberately huntin' out the hardest job in the world?" Language Fails. T halt with a respect intens The motor cop says “Go” or “Stop.” Nobody has the eloquence To argue with a motor cop. The Lamb’s Revenge. “March may go out like a lion.” “It may,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But that won't prevent Spring lamb from costing seventy cents a pound.” Human Deceptions. A man assumes a manner rough— ‘Which shows he’s a good-natured bluff. A man assumes a manner kind ‘Which masks a cruelty refined. “An ostrich seekin’ shelter,” said Uncle Eben, “puts his head in de sand, but leaves his feathers exposed; thus provin’ dat even in de desert de hous- he can instruct his pupils to put his | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A new sort of Pandora's box, filled with beautiful gifts to mankind, in- stead of evil, was brought to the door by the parcel post man. It was an ordinary-looking box, wrapped in the usual sort of pape) securely tied with heavy cord, prop- erly stamped and canceled according to the rules and regulations of the Post Office Department. Looking at it one could get little, if any, idea of what it held, of all the beauty concealed within, of the tints and shades lying there, packed se- curely away. T If a beholder had been gifted with X-ray eyes” he could have seen little more, for those strange gifts of beauty were doubly sealed from the eyes of man by the immutable decrees of nature Upon opening this new Pandora's box one saw only a very ordinary pastebo air, beneath the lid of which wa sawdust. Surely it was a st ndora's box! Investigation proved the container to be filled with closely packed bags, such as children acquire when they purch: a nivkel's worth of candy at the corner grocery. Ea bag was queerly folded at the open end, so that it was deftly sealed against the loss of contents in transit or the introduction of sawdust, which [vus packed around each and every hag. Just how so many bags were packed into so small a box, probably a fo~t square, only the sender knows. ko Fach gladiolus bulb—for such waus the gift of Pandora’s box—Ilay like a gnome at the bottom of its paper bag. Each bulb represented Life, Force, Growth. The miracle which s Life was stored up here, in this slightly pinkish bulb, or corm, the first to be taken from its envelope. What a strange thing it is, this bulb, with its shiny, thin coat, holding all the possibilities of Life, Power and Growth! Here is something which man ecan- not make as yvet. Here is something which, given the right conditions, will put forth a stalk, then flowers of sur- passing beaut This particular one, we know from "3 name, will resu’, after some 80 days in the ground, In gorgeous flame-pink flowers, of a shade which only those well acquainted with col- ors will be able to appreciate, One of the commonest mistakes in this world is to suppose, because one {is healthy, able to make money and a good fellow, that he is also a judge in any matter whatsoever. The world is so full of a number of things that it is impossible for any one of us to make adequate judgments upon every tople; yet this is the very thing most of us attempt to do. Gladioli” We don’t like them! symphony? It bores me! Universal pea Now I believe that to be all the “bunk Cat. 1 rible, sneaking creatures! Dogs? Noisy brutes! 5 Bobbed halr? Going out—all women should wear their hair long, as the Bible advises! * k * Appreciation of the gladiolus, then, does not ordinagly come without some time, work and money belng spent upon its cultivation. To say, “Very pretty,” and then Congress is asking the State Depart- ment to submat for its information, *“if not incompatible with public interest,” all correspondence with Mexico re- {garding recent alleged expulsions of American citizens and confiscatory action regarding American invest- ments in that country. It is understood that the correspond- ence will be sent to the Senate within a few days. In the meanwhile, Presi- dent Calles of Mexico continues to en- force the constitution by sending out of the country Catholic priests and nuns. No Protestant missionaries have yet been molested, although the constitution makes no exception in their behalf. * ok k x Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer of the board of foreign missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who has just re- turned from Mexico, appeals to our Government not to intervene in Mex ico’s present policies. “What Mexico needs,” he says, “is the friendly help of America rather than any embar- rassment of the present government by withdrawal, and intervention should be the farthest from thought. We (Methodists) have assured the government that we intend to obey the law." Since the expelled priests and nuns claim that they, too, have obeyed the laws, the question arises as to what are the laws which the Calles govern- ment claims to be enforeing. Do those apply to other religious teachers than Catholic? Have the laws origi- nated under the present administra- tion? Does President Calles incline to favor the Protestant churches? * ok x K Ninety per cent of the Mexican popu- lation, according to Mexican authority, are Roman Catholic, nd that has been true at all times since the Cortez conquest, 400 v Tho Republic of Mex declared in 1810 and confirmed in vie- tory and independence from Spain in 1821, has always been more or less antagonistic to the Catholic Church, as represenetd by Spanish priesthood. Tn 1855 Ignacio Comonfort was elected President, and when a clerical upris- ing ensued, led by the Franciscans, Comonfort suppressed the uprising and then set out to adopt a new con- stitution—that of 1857, That constitution was in force until a more radical one was adopted in 1917. The former one (1857) in its pre- amble used this acknowledgment of Deity: “In the name of God and by authority of the Mexican people.” The constitution of 1917 does not open with any preamble, and, al- though the longest constitution ever written (30,000 words), it nowhere men- 1, article 3, it Vo religious corporation nor minis- ter of any creed shall establish or di- rect schools of primary instruetion.” To belong to “the eccleslastical state” or to “be a minister of any religious creed” disqualifies even a native from becoming President. Article 130 provides: ‘“The federal authorities shall have power to exer- cise in matters of religious worship and outward ecclesiastical forms such intervention as by law authorized. All other officials shall act as auxiliaries of the federal authorities. “The law recognizes no juridical per- sonality in the religious institutions known as churches. Ministers of reli- gious creeds shall be considered as persons exercising a profession, and shall be directly subject to the laws enacted on the matter. “The state legislatures shall have the exclusive power~to determine the maximum number of ministers of rell- glous creeds, according to the needs of each locality. Only a Mexican by birth may be a minister of any religious creed in Mexico. “No ministers of religious creeds shall, either in public or private meet- ings, or in acts of worship or religious propaganda, criticize the fundamental laws of the country, the authorities in particular, or the government in gen- eral. They shall have no vote, nor be turn away, when confronted with one of these glorious gifts of God, is to lose much. To ‘“get your money's worth,” in every sense of that much-abused phrase, means to study, to work, to preside at the opening of the latest purchase of bulbs, to store them away | in a cool place until planting time, to be afraid the stalks will put forth be- fore the time to plant, to dig the ground at last, to put in the bulbs, to cover them over to a depth of 4 or § inches, to wait for the life, power, growth stored away to function. 1old one of these bulbs in the hand, and let the power of wonder develop, for here is one of the strangest things in the world. It has no life or motion, and yet it lives, or at least will live, and will move upward and outward. Who can say it does not think? Surely, it must share in the univer- sal Intelligence, which takes such strange shapes and forms, not the least strange of which must be man, judging from the universal! * K k% 1t is a strange thought, in this im- patient age, to know that no man whosoever can hurry the flowering of this bulb a jot from its appointed time. As far as memory goes, even Jesus performed no such miracle as this. He never made a gladiolus bloom spon- taneously The Creator has set certain bounds to this bulb which it must recognize. This one flowers in 48 days, thiz one in 72, this one in 90, and all your plety and wit cannot blot out a day of it! In His good time, not yours, each bulb will send up its flower spike and then unfold its blooms, opening one after another. Tyrant cannot tyrannize here: power has no power; harsh words will not avail. It will do no good to threaten a gladiolus with a whip, to attempt to bully it or persuade it. All in its good time it will grow and bloom. Be paticnt, then; put the bulbs away in a cool place; wait for Spring. What have we here? Even some of the bulbs are impatient! From tb center of this one there is springing up a tender white.green shoot, as if the power of growth were longing to “do its stuft.” May we not be forgiven for being impatient, if Nature itself, as exempli- fied in this gladiolus bulb, is likewlse in haste? Thus Spring urges Life on. Every warm day in Winter recalls to us the joyous time to come. Each sunshiny hour whispers to us stories of growing things, rising sap, green- ing grass, violets blue, strange wild flowers, nodding in nooks in the wood. Memory transposes us in a flash to distant forests, where we wandered with Gr: Manual in hand, tryving to d{scover the names of flowers, when we had better have thrown the volume away and given full sway to our own particular nature, which is one of ad- miration of beauty, rather than that of scient classification. Spring! Spring! If we were a poet we might indite to you a few lines, as we stand here lookink at our new sort of Pandora's box, filled with brown bulbs which later will change into every color of the rainbow. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. eligible to office, nor shall they be en- titled to assemble for political pur- poses.” The same article provides in detafl for offictal control of all churches, of whatever creed, and prohibits in con- nection with any church—Catholic or Protestant —any school devoted to training ministers of religion. It also provides against freedom of the reli- gious press: “No periodical publication which, ef- ther by reason of its program, its title or merely its general tendencies, is of a religious character, shall comment upon any political affairs of the na- tion, nor publish any information re- garding the acts of the authoritles of the country or of private {ndividuals, in s0 far as the latter have to do with public affairs, It prohibits all political assemblies within churches, as well as all reli- glous acts of worship outside of churches, and prohibits inheritance of property by ministers from ministers of their own denominations, and ex- acts that "No trial by jury shall ever be granted for the infraction of any of the preceding provisions. Tt will be noted that these are con- stitutional provisions dating from 1917, and not originating under the Calles administration. They are more con- spicuously enforced by Calles in con- formity with the general soclalistic tendencies. * ok K In May, 1915, Dr. John W. Butler, dean of Protestant missionarfes in Mexico, wrote in the New York Post: “All church property was confis- cated under the constitution of 1857, and now the church cannot legally hold property as an investment. Mexican history makes clear why such drastic measures were incorpo- rated into the constitution and em- phasized by the reform laws of 1859. It was because the church had be- come a very prominent factor in politics and could upset and estab- lish governments at its pleasure, fomenting many revolutions. * ¢ ¢ Reports of the confiscation of church property in these days is a mistake —such confiscation occurred nearly §0 years ago (1857). As to the destruc- tion of convents, it I8 only necessary to say that no such convents have existed for over 50 years.” In answer to Dr. Butler's article, Senor I. C. Enrques, a Mexican, wrote to the Post “as a faithful Catholic and Mexican revolutionist,” indorsing all that Dr. Butler, the Methodist, had sald, and addin; “The true condition of the Catholic Church is that it is composed of wealthy, foreign, high clergymen and of poor priests who are native Mex- icans and Indians. These native priests have a complete understand- ing of the hopes, aims and desires of the poor people.” * ok kK In a speech made in 1916 by Hon. Luis Cabrera, minister of finance, he said: “During the long government of Gen. Diaz the Catholic clergy, creeping on from point to point in concealed form, recovered much of its tem- roral power and rebuilt part of its fortune” ¢ * * “The Mexican revolution was nothing more than the insurrection of the Mexican people against a very reprossive and wealthy regime, represented by Gen, Diaz. * * * Madero compromised with the Diaz regime. * * * The log- ical sequence was that Madero had to fail because he had not destroyed the old or attempted to build up a new regime. The assassination of Madero and the dictatorship of Huerta were mere attempts at re- action by the old regime, with its same men, its same money and its same procedure, and an attempt to establish the same old conditions that had existed during Diaz's rule.” * Kk K ‘While the Calles administration is basing its acts upon provisions of the constituticn adopted in 1917, it 1s re- ported that Huerta is in the United States, perfecting plans for Calles’ overthrow. (Copyright. 1026. by Paul V. Collins.) THE NORTH WINDOW By Leila Mechlin. This is a day of large glving, and happily some of this giving is going to art museums, Not long ago the sensational announcement was made that the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York would receive through the will of the late Frank A. Munsey approximately $40,000,000. Within the last fortnight announce- ment has been made that the Toledo Museum of Art has been hequeathed by the late Edward Drummond Libbey nearly $20,000,000, an amount which does not take into consideration the splendid museum bullding with its lately ecompleted addition erected through Mr. Libbey's munificence. It was not a great many years ago that this museum came into existence. Its first home, and its home for a num- ber of years, was a rented buflding designed as a private residence. Luck- fly its first and only director was w:ll chosen. George W. Stevens not only has a genlus for organization, but a great vision, and from this littls be- ginning, under the tireless care and Jjoyous offort of himself and his wife, the beautiful museum splendidly housed and richly endowed has ma- terialized. The achievement is to a great extent due to the wisdom and well directed efforts of the Stevenses, but without Mr. Libbey's generous support and princely gifts it would have been impossible. It should not be thought, however, for & moment that this ruseum is in any way a rich man's toy. Mr. Lib- bey would not consent to have it bear his name, and he has always insisted that the people of Toledo should bear their part in its upbuilding. They have done so. In all Toledo it is diffi- cult to find any one who does not claim part ownership in the art mu- seum. This Includes bootblack, bri layer, motorman, merchant and those of the professions. It fs the city's art museum. With an endowment of $20,000,000 the days of struggle and financlal anxiety are over; the days of wider opportunity ahead. * * ko In an address made at the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce more than a year ago, Otto H. Kahn, after touch- ing on the amazing growth and vital- ity of the art life of America, called attentlon to the fact that while far more was being done in this country by private generosity than anywhere else In the world for hospitals, churches, universities, libraries and the like, relatively little consideration had as yet been given by the liberality of successful men to the vastly im- portant and ferttle fleld of art, and expressed the hope that as the soclal value and beneficial potentialities of art became more widely understood, more and more well-to-do men and women would be found tc help along such movements as had for their pur- pose the advancement of art and art standards, the making of the jovs and inspiration of art more widely acces- sible to the people. In the light of the Munsey and Libbey bequests to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Toledo Art Museum it would seem that this hope was to be realized. * ok koK One of the greatest problems which confront us nationally tod is the wise use of lefsure. A story is told of a forelgner visiting this country who, after being shown innumerable mechanical time-saving dev ex- slaimed in evident bewilderment. “But what do you do with the time that is saved?"” The pleasure which comes from a love of art is essentially recreational. It was douhtless a recognition of this fact which led Mrs. Frederick S. Cool- idge to give to the Library of Con- gress the charming little auditorium which it now possesses for chamber music concerts, and to contribute a sufficient fund as endowment to in- sure its perpetual good use. The Government of the United States, making vast appropriations for utilitarian objects, does not seem to recognize, up to the present time, any responsibility for the cultural life of the people—that 1s, for the cultivation of the finer tastes; this it has left ex- clusively to private munificence. In- asmuch as ours is a government of the people, for the people, by the peo- ple, it may be argued that in the end the result is the same; but govern- ment appropriations mean a national recognition of national needs and an even division of responsibility. Because of the difficulty, however, of obtaining such appropriations, and because of the generosity of those of large private means, there seems greater hope of obtaining a desired end by appeal to the public than to the Government. Indeed, it would seem as though the Government itself had recognized this fact, for as lately as last year an act creating a Trust Fund Board for the Library of Con- gress, enabling it to accept gifts and endowment, was unanimously passed by both houses of Congress. This act was further amended and approved on January 27 of the present year. It was undoubtedly Mrs. Frederick 8. Coolidge’s gift and endowment, the latter of over $400,000, which led to the passage of this act. The board is concerned only with esndowments, its function being to hold and administer a principal sum of which the incume alone is applicable to the benefit of the Library and its service, but it does not preclude the gift to the Librarian direct of moneys immediately applicable to the needs of any purposes. Mrs. Coolidge's endowment is anal- ogous to the endowment or part endowment of a *‘chair” of music. In a handsome peraphlet recently issued by the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board, the suggestion is made that endowment for other chairs (among them that of Fine Arts—— chief of the division of prints) is pressingly needed, as well as gifts of “free funds" for the acquisition of material for editing or publication, for various types o¢ service. This state- ment has been printed “not as a spe- cific appeal for funds or the gift of collections, but with a view to com- municating a situation and prospect to those who have concern for the pro- motion of scholurship, of exact knowl- edge and of culture in the United States. It is to be hoped that it will fall into the hands and appeal to the inclinations of those who have it in their power to give. * Kk ok ok And then there is our National Gal- lery of Art, still unhoused, still with- out visible form. Congress has set aside a site and private interest has provided a plan. A second site has been offered by Mrs. Henderson, and still the project waits. The richest Nation in the world apparently has no interest in art, no recognition of its value as a national asset. How strange, in contrast, is the at- titude of the countries of the Old World! Germany when bankrupt, Russia when torn by revolution were willing to part with every other pos- session, but clung to their art treas- ures. In an interview reported by Lincoln Eyre in a recent issue of the New York Times Magazine, Dr. Bode, the great art authority in Germany, for many years director of the Berlin Art Mugeum, i8 quoted as having said: “The German ministry of the interior took the initiative—unfortunately too late to safeguard many valuable private collections—by appointing a commission of art experts to make a 1list of works, the sale of which would mean an {rreparable loss to the natfon. This list comprises 900 worls—paint- ings, sculpture, valuable specimens of the arts and crafts as well as objects of purely national and historical sig- nificance.” Referring to the migrativn of great works of art from Europe to America, he remarked: “This is the greatest transplantation of art works the warld bas known since the Roman ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. What is the oldest hymn?—A. P. A. The oldest Christian hymn known s one credited to Clement of Alexandria and composed _probably about the year 200. Henry M. Dexter has given a free paraphrase of it in his “Shepherd of Tender Youth, which 1s widely used fn many hymnals. Q. Who Invented the drill that is used in drilling for oll>—F. V. B. A. The first drill was that of Col. P’is}‘ Drake of Pennsylvania, made in 1859. . What per cent of the popula- tion of the United States has had a high school education? A college edu- cation?—B. L. A. Two and fourteen-hundredths per cent of the population of the United States has had a college edu cation; 4.55 per cent part college edu- cation; 25.08 per cent part or fuil high school education; 61.13 per cent part or full common school education and 7.10 per cent are illiterate. Q. To what extent are pineapples grown in Florida?—D, H. A. Pineapple culture, once a thriv- ing industry in Florida, has rapidly declined in recent years. The chief causes are the depletion of soil hu- mus and fertility through constant cultivation and exposure to the trop- ical sun, the growing prevalence of wilt due to attacks of nematodes and failure to use healthy, vigorous slips in new plantings. A yleld of 200 crates to the acre was formerly con- sidered a good average, although some growers secured 300 crates or more. 2 Q. What was the comparative ef- fect of the World War on the popula- tlon of France, Germany and Eng- land?—N. H. T. A. According figures recently made public by ston Cadoux, for- mer president of the Paris Statistical Soclety, 1 man in e was killed in France, 1 in 85 rmany and not quite 1 in 66 in England. Q. Who wasg the author of Grimm's Fairy Tales?—G. O. C. A. These fairy stories, including Tom Thumb, Hansel and Gretel, the Frog Prince, Rumpelstiltskin =~ and hundreds of others, are actually folk tales of Germany which were collect- ed from the peasants and compiled in the first half of the ninteenth cen- tury by two brothers, professors at University of Berlin. Jacob Grimm was born at Hanau, January 4, 1785, and his brother, Wilhelm, Feb- ruary 24, 1786. Q. What is meant by “The White House Spokesman,” and who s he?— A. B. A. “The White House Spokesman' is a phrase coined by Washington new paper men. It is not considered ethical to quote the P'resident direct ) this pression is used, alth < the President who spr celves the newspaper men and an- swers questions oraily that have been submitted to him previously in writ- ing. Q. What is the difference hetween trees and shrubs’—D. K. A. Tre ngle stems or trunks which b some distance from the ground, while shrubs often have several stems and are of lower growth and bushy habit. Q. How many blind people are there in the Unlted States?—I. E. A. A. In 1920, it was estimated that there were between 74,000 and 76.000. Of these, about 4,000 were born blind. Q. Which States produce the most apples’—F. W. ‘A. New York was the leading apple State in production last year (1925), producing 13.3 per cent of the crop, Washington was second with 12.8 per cent, Virginia third with 8.5 per cent, States produced 43 per cemt of the entire apple crop of this country, Q. What do the words ovis peM actually mean?—T. M. A. Ovis s Latin for sheep, and poli is derived from the name of Marco Polo who discovered the sheep. Q. Do all uncivilized tribes tn I Cuntries wear loin cloths?— A. Practically every primitive tribe dwelling in the tropics that has heen studied by sclentific ohservers hag been found to wear some form of bodily covering of the loin region elther in the form of paints of various colors, tattoo marks, strand: of beads of various materials, beaten bast or bark cloth, or of woven girdles or aprons of cotton or other vegetable or animal fi The inhabitants of the Nicobar Islands and of Central East Africa _are apparently of all tribes the most free from loin coverings of all sorts. Reasons given for the wearing of loin coverings very. Native mod- esty is usually present in some form, even apart from any Influence that may be attributed to the whites; tribal and ceremonial painting or tattooing Is often a causative factor and may supplement a woven girdle worn for entirely different purposes, namely, for the insertion of the hiit of a knife and as o place of attachment for burdens; most primitive peoples are burden carriers. Protection against Insect pests is often attempted through the agency of breach clouts. Tradition and native styles usually dictate the use of certain forms of lto!’r; covering even to the minutest de- all. Q. Is there any substance that can- not be frozen?—B. L. A. Hellum has never been frozen. Q. Whera is the largest buffalo herd In the world, and in the United States?—A. R. N A. The Biological Survey says that the largest buffalo herd in the world is found in Wainwright, Alberta, Can- ada. The Lirgest Government herd is located in Yellowstone National Park. and the Jargest privately owned herd ts found at Plerre, S. Dak. Qi( \th do waltzing mice walts?— A. The balancing apparatus of the inner ear of the mouse is imperfect, ausing the animal to turn constant 1y in short circles. This defect is strongly fixed and transmitted with regularity to the young. Q. What is the American Medfeal Association’—W. W. N. A. It is the national organization of the medical profession and 1s made up of the coambined membership of the various State medical associatio which, in turn, made up of loc med! socleties, early 90,000 physi clans are members of this associa tion. Q. What is gas tar?—0. C. H. + A. When coke is made, tar is one of the by.products. This is put through scrubbers. It is known as gas R A. A dog averages a pint of water a day. However, some dogs drink more, depending upon the exercises they take. The keynote of the times is eficlent service. In supplying its readers with a free Information Bureau in Wash- ington The Evening Star {s living up to this principle in deed and fact. We are paying for this service in order that it may be free to the pubMo. Sud- mit your queries to the staff of ex- perts, whose services are put at your disposal. Inclose % cents in stamps to cover the return postage. Address The ning Star Information Bu- Ohtlo fourth with 4.6 per cent, Califor- nia fifth with 4.1 per cent. These five reau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director. Washington, D. O. Johns Hopkins’ New Policy Promises Gain in Prestige Announcement by Johns Hopkins University of its intention to engage in post-graduate work and to aboiish the A. B. degree has been received with enthusiastic approval in quarters. Recognizing the im of research work to the student and to the country, the move is welcomed as typical of the new educational spirit which encourages the deveiop- ment of individual talents. Commenting on temen from Johns Hopkins that “‘the university intends to encourage students to fol- low the bent of their natural apti- tude" and that “no one has discovered a standard yardstick for the meusure- ment of human minds,” the St. Louis Post-Dispatch finds these views ‘re. freshing from an educator in a coun- try where many universities turn out graduates with something like the workings of a sausage machine. Education,” continues the Post-Dis- patch, “is being standardized, d- indexed and formulaized. In many versities are dominated b: which gauges their g the slze of the enrollment Admittedly, if Johns Hopkins methods and standards were applied everywhere, a large percentage of the college students would be driving ice wagons, running errands or doing anything else but pursuing de: Johns Hopkins is not only a t of students. but, by example, a t of universiti The step taken im- presses the Danville Bee as “a pro- gressive one of greal moment, reveal- ing a determination to explore more deeply the unknown fields of science through which humanity may be ex- pected to benefit, and advancing the standard of Johns Hopkins educa- tion.” The Bee continu: 'he great and forward-looking institution has, however, reason to be proud of the material it has furnished the world constantly in quest of new truths and new discoveries. ness by figures. * ok ok k “If one were asked,” according to the Terre Haute Star, “to point out the most distinctive change that has come to pass in the educational field in this country since the war perfod it would be the departure into the realm of research, ordered research for research's sake—break with utilitarianism and encouragement of pure science, a love of kn: wiedge for knowledge's sake, not for what it may bring in dolla ‘The United States is finding out that great wealth has other uses than in adding to that ma- terfal wealth. It is not enough that plundering of Grecian art and the rape of the churches and museums of Europe whereby Napoleon enriched the Louvre. I can even foresee the time when art students from Europe will turn their faces westward to glean inspiration from master works, wrought while the world was young and ‘men worked for the joy of the working.’” Fortunate America—un- happy Europe! If Congress will not appropriate the money, is not there still another Munsey or Libbey who will build and endow a great National Gallery of Art, who will see to it that the di- vision of prints of the Library of Congress has a sufficient fund to ade- quately pay the salary of a trained director, in order that we may honor- ably take our place among the nations of the world and evidence to those not only of the present but of coming gonerations that we as & people do | care for the things of the spirit? A | 1iv | role so many hundreds of thousands ¢ uates are turned out of so many machines every season; there must be something at the top to show for it all—a great scholar, mathematicia: physicist, pathologist, philosopher. The New York World finds that the country is “well supplied with places where the undergrad can acquire a standard education.” but asserts that “we are woefully lacking in places where the graduate student can pursue his work serenel. from the distractions of drop: youth. The interesting speculati however,” continues the World, whether other places will follow suf whether we shall see a general aban- donment of the attitude that marks our college at present. Sound research, real contribution to human knowledge, < forever, and so does its fame.” hat its decision will have the ef- fect of bringing similar action else- where 18 to ba doubted,” savs the Schenectady Gazette, “for other col leges are commlitted strongly to the undergraduate training idea. And by making such a chanze they would lose more than they would gain. But without douht there is room in this | country for Johns Hopkins as a post- graduate institution. perform services of inestimable value in the field of education. And should le more such places than fewer.” The Nashville Banner, recocnizing that “the great universities of the land are endeavor- to give the best higher-education ities that are possible, and Johns cins has set a high mark for it- offers the general comment: “An educated people make a safe Na- The triumph of demoeracy is .d upon educated units. We are ving_along with steady pace. Our are keeping abreast of respect.” It can in that the tim “The old ideal of the university as distinguished from the college,” states the rk Herald Tribune, “will he atned. Tt is a refreshing sort of doctrme. It is making an appeal to the belief of many men of large mean 1d the money for the new experiment seems to be forthcoming. 1t is clearly a return to the primary function of a university, which is to edacate students out of ignorance, to train them in methods of scientific re- search and to inspire them with love and respect for learning.” A tribute from the Portland Evening Express is accompanied by the statement that “the universities of the country are now giving greater encouragement to research work than they did when Johns Hopkins was founded, but the Baltimore institution still retains its lead in that department of education.” The Lowell Evening Leader also re- marks that “Johns Hopkins proposes to put the responsibility on the stu- dent himself to set his own standards of achlevement,” and that ‘“those, after all, are what really count.” To the Memphis News Scimitar the “dead- ening weight of numbers” is a potent reason for getting away from the old What Johns Hopkins has done,” in the opinion of the Norfolk Dally ! News, “other large institutions would Jike to do. They would like to put the responsibility for the younger I students where it could most effective- ‘ly be carrfed—on their own home folk,"” while the Brooklyn Dally Eagle concludes that “the advantage to a research university of being without freshmen and sophomores is too ap- parent to require any elaboratiom."”