Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1926, Page 8

With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY February 4, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11th <t New Yurk AN Other States and Canada, Dailr v & n. x NMemher of the \ssocia House. the is of ¢ Lrencies fo ioned Capital the ‘House 1bership of pted by e abta the max Sation ¢ - departments, bu- ect th: to be maude and s Chese it memt an Dire e, the Di Bu nd Public chairmen of ti District “well It rences that tive y with the prepa plans for and it nt 1 co-ordin from is necessary. either to p ts of th har- f cau nwhile condi- line: desir- be to te a comprehen will be defeat- confusfon of ad- v counsel now prevailing. urgency of this legislation recognized by the House committee in its present action of approval of the principle of the bill, and it is to be hoped that this same spirit will pre- vail in the House and that the meas- ure, wi is designed to assure prompt tive, comprehen- sive plan of development, will become & law ere lo sor promptnes able. T taken most advant rtunities @ const e the betne the place wher Nations meets. Huy 4 experience with “mere scraps of paper,” the brave little nation cruves contact with trea- ties that really amount to something. ires dfstinction of the League of In addition to being the playground 3 and, with a few 1t Geneva, will be arding itself as the 1l center., ————— The C. & 0. Canal. Ch extends nferences warranted in continen: The peake and Ohio shich from Cumberland to Georgetown, may not be used again. 1ts future is in doubt. This was given out a few d All breaks in the ind pleturesque canal made during the freshet several years €80 have been entirely repaired and the waterway ready for use on short notice should business develop which would warrant its opening.” A great muny Washington people fhink of the canal with affection. It Jus been a factor in our scenery and life since the oldest men were young. The towpath has been a romantic walkway through delightful scenes. Tho locks und their keepers, the boats and the mules, and the bLoatmen, their wives and children have given et The photographs “scenes on the canal” can- numbered. Picnic partles, parties and strollers, single have nsed the towpath for a century. There can be no record of naturalists who have used the canal and its borders @ study ground. Canoeists came to think of the canal as a pleasure-way. Some of the lock- ind their housekeepers became famous for meals for Sunday trippers. 1t would be sad were the old canal to pass. Many m Washingtonians do mnot know how old the canal is important it On Thirty-second street where it crosses the canal 18 a monument which tells that it was commenc At Georgetown July 4, 1828, and completed to Cumberland October 10, 1330. The Potomac Im- provement Company, chartered in 1784 throuzh efforts of George Wash- ington, opencd mavigation between tidowater and Cumberland by cutting shert canals around Great and Little Falls and blasting channels through rocke at Seneca and Harpers Ferry. The company did not pay, and in 1819 nal, n ago: historic is ketehes ot house: was, Company was bankrupt in 1821. Sen- timent in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania favored the canal through the Potomac Valley and there was a convention on the matter at Washington in 1823. Because ald of the National Government was sought the Potomac Valley Canal became a national political question. Virginia and Maryland incorporated the canal company in 1824, the United States confirmed the Incorporation, Pennsyl- nia committed itself to the canal and President Monroe signed the canal bill March 3, 1825. A board of engineers was appointed and proposed that the anal should be called the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It was to extend Georgetown to Pittsburgh. The wde of dirt was turned by Pres- Adams July 4, 1528, near Little With various perfods of sus canal has been in opera- con- | siween Cumberiand and Wash; 1850 - ——— The Psychological Test District alientst, Dr. Perey 1. ability widely hat overemphasis 1 tests applied the ain of mind i tests, opinior a by a of persons and perhaps rize majority of those who have it on this subject, There are extremists who undertake to settle v 1d or adult is fit for by the nswers he makes to questions which m to h little in them that is sactical The enthusiasm of these had led a number of educators and employers of labor to place reliance on so-called psycho- 12 children their ¢ with et common mists wical tests Psycholozical questions may be of considerable value in proving how a on’s mind works, but to advance “ child tn school on the basis of the test or to ticket a child as backward on the strength of the test s going 100 far. The practical test of a back- rd school child is that he falls be luw the average in his school work The determination of the reason may nvolve several factors. One may he simple Iazinéss. It may be a belief hat learning book lessons is of no ount’ in earning wages after a fellow leaves school. The backward 10 needs more than psychological tlons. The health of the chi st be looked to and if physical ills hold him back in school work these must be corrected, if possible. The onditfons under which a child lives at ome should be inquired into and if those conditions are bad perhaps the parents may be converted to a better plan of living. Perhaps also, in addi- tion to the physician of the body, the psychiatrist, or physician of the mind, may be needed. Dr. Hickling believes that in look- ing out for school children who have proved to be backward in their schoo! tasks by the working tests, there should be a board, consisting of a psychiatrist, a soclal worker und a psychologist. In this way it ought to be possible to determine what ails the child and if there is a remedy for his condition it could be applled. Most persons have the feeling that the psychological test idea has been car- ried too far. It commonly happens that when a theory or a medicine is proved to have some good in it there come to the front persons who insi that it contains all good. ————————— per: Fngland has been generous in the matter of literature. Her poets, phi- losophers and satirists have been most liberal contributors to American needs. When it comes to a practical question of rubber, the relationship becomes one of commercial adjustment con- forming to rigid rules of supply and demand. One page in the ledger car- ries more influence than volumes of elegant composition. ————t—— The Chinese language, already bur- dened with more symbols than it knows what to do with, has been obliged to invent another word mean- ing “sovietism.” The judge in London who asked “What s a saxophone?” showed an unswerving sense of duty in inter- rupting a state where ignorance is bliss. ————— Vice President Dawes was not obliged to resort to incantations men- tioning “Helen Maria” in order to per- suade the Senate to limit debate. ——— The Legislative Flood. Within two months, since the open- ing of Congress on the Tth of De. cember, 11,737 bills have been intro- duced in the two houses and only three of them have become laws. All of these are measures authorizing the construction of bridges across navi- gable streams. A Jjoint resolution ap- propriating $50,000 to defray the ex- penses of American participation at the Geneva arms. conference has like- wise recefved presidential approval. Of these 11,784 bills—deducting the three that have passed—which remain on the calendarsof the committees and, 80 far as committees have reported, on the chamber calendars, only a very small fraction will be passed. Of course, the appropriation bills will be- come laws, the tax bill will be enacted and a few other important measures will get through the mill. But ap- proximately some 10,000 legislative proposals, some of which are dupli- cates in the two houses, will remain In committee or on the calendars when the gavel falls at the end of the ses- sion. A few of them will perhaps re- ceive assent at the mnext session, though their chances will be smaller then than they are now, with Con- gress working under the constitutional time limit. There is no way to lessen the num- ber of bills introduced. Members have a right and {t is their duty to prepare or to present offerings on every pos- on applying for relief to the Virginia Board of Public Works that board di- rected fits chief engineer, Thomas Moore, to make @ survey to determine the cost and feasibility of a canal from tidewater to the Allegheny Mountains. This plan had been dis- cussed in the Virginia Assembly In 1816, Moore's report was made In #5820 @ud his estimate ¢f gost wWas sible subject. Most of them know that the introduction of these bills is in the great majority of cases merely a gesture, sometimes of accommoda~ tion, sometimes of sincere faith in the virtues of the propositions. The facility with which the desires of con- stituents for the offering of legisla- tive measures are gratified imposes a beavy burden ppon the printing THE FEVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. THE EVENING STAR)]$1.114,000. The Potomac lmpmvemant'lhe record clerks and the committes | clerks. Some congressional veterans refuse to be thus accommodating, hold- ing to the view that no measure should be presented that has not some chance of passage. But they are in the minority. It has been proposed, though with- out encouragement, to create in each house a committee to supervise the introduction of bills, to keep down the number by throwing out those that are obviously superfluous, duplicatory and complimentary. Such a commit- tee will probably never created. For freedom of bill introduction is rated as quite as sacred as the right of free speech. Yet most members realize that while there is perhaps a little capital in the publication of these futile measures, copies of which kive thrills to their proposers back home, there is also an unfavorable reaction in their continued failure to even perfunctory considera- Yet the total year tu yeur, until one receive tion by kegps frow Congress committees. & from o Congress, wonders what the will e twenty thirty The Government Printing Office will have to be greatly enlarged if the present rate of hill incr ontinues mount pRases or vears hence —————— Rules of the Air. Tratic rules for air travel have been announced. Following five years! inte: tigation and study, the standard acronautic safety for use in the United States hus been drafted and approved. The new r ulations cover traffic rules, signals, qualifications for pilots and design of planes, manufacture, testing and oper- ation of all types of aircraft and equip- ment. 3 Balloons have the right of way over all other ships of the air. Dirigible have the same privilege in relation to planes. Afrplanes passing each other head-on must “drive to the right,” and in overtaking must pass to the right. Fifteen hundred fect is considered dangerous proximity for two fast-trav- eling airplanes and caution must be observed. ive in code fic directors the large t to be appointed, will doubt find less trouble enforcing these new regulations than the struggling surface traffic directors of the nt time. While it is perfectly possible for a reckless and criminally ¢ automobile driver to shatter regula- tions at will and still live to tell about it, airplane pilots will “never know what hit them” if they try the same tacti Consequently, co-operation, and hearty co-operation at that, is ex pected to be the rule in heavily con- gested air travel of the future. And then, again, the airplane pilot has fewer regulations to remember. He is not bound by any speed limit and he cannot park., so two of the most easily broken rules do not oceupy his attention. All in all it would seem that any regulation of air travel was vet,” inasmuch as non-obser most cases will mean that the offender will not offend aguin. It really 1s too bad that the same stricture does not apply to many of the reckless automo- bile drivers in the large cities through- out the country. in rele el ance in —————————— The anthracite strike is an endur- ence test, with the public paying for a demonstration that presents very lLittle sporting interest. ————————— Motlon picture stars are in some instances compelled to work hard in order to be as well known for their art as for their divorces. —————— Hesitation about seizing the mines may be justified on the theary that the Government has problems enough. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER J Bit of Static. You often play the tunes I do not like. A ragtime pace incessantly you strike. And still I twist the knob and say, “Let's go!” My radiol My radio! You seem devoid of sympathetic sense, And yet I turn to you in penitence For sins ancestral and forgotten woe, My radio! My radio! An Altruism. “What do you think of the League of Nations?" “If it can do all that's expected of it,” rejoined Senator Sorghum, *some- body was mighty careless for not hav- ing it copyrighted.” Entanglements. Entanglements we must avoid And seek a state seraphic, Where we will never be annoyed By mix-ups in the traffic. An Overworked Symbol. “George Washington was incapable of falsehood.” “That doesn’t mean he was ready to guarantee the truthfulness of every- thing sent through the malls with his picture on a postage stamp.” Jud Tunkins says the first robin is like many a soloist—admired more for his nerve than for his music. Rhythms. “Who are the great poets of the present time?"” “The motor manufacturers,” an- swered Miss Cayenne. “We don't care about faults in versification, but when the rhythm of the old machine goes wrong, we stop and get busy with a monkey-wrench.” ‘Weather Report. A bootleg artist wandered by To tell the mournful news. “What now I need,” we heard him sigh, 5 “Aln’t boots, but overshoes.” “A week-day sinner,” said Uncle Eben, “dat thinks he kin square his- self by goin’ to church on Sunday, is figurin’ on heaven against odds of six to one.” Bolshevist Hara-Kiri. From the Wall Street Journal. asath for liboneaty in Eovermmmed: for 0 oV aunda like quicides . THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Greece and her foundations are Built below the tide of war: Based on_the crystalline wea Of thouight and 1ts etornity. The poems of Shelley “pipe not to the sensual ear,” but are, like the fame of Greece, based on the limpid and unchangeable sea of thought and its eternity. In the poetry of Shelley, the thought is “What would you?" Whether i passioned love lyric, sublime eleg, or purely intellectual poem, this poet has something for every mood What could be more popular than the love song, “Lines to an Indian Air," in which Shelley outdid Laurence Hope: L arise from dreams of thee Tn"“the st sweet Whon the ‘winds Aud th ! arise from dreams of thee, And @ spirit [0 my feet Has led me-—who knows how?® To thy chum window, sweet! ‘The wan aire they faint Uive bt “Miream— Gators farl her o on' thou art O Nt me from th Tdie T faint, I 1 Let thy love in kisse: On_ oy hips ani ey of night, thing low bright n a dream rain i oaie white. fiist. am, alus! i This is what the vounger genera- tton, one fears, would call “hot stuff.” Yet it is shot through and through with much more than “peppy" senti- ments, giving, as it does, a picture of love far deeper than the mere sen- sual 1 times us from turn to the lines, “A 0 life! O time! Last stevs [ clin hlink at that where I had stood beto lory of your prime? more ! imism (some- superoptinism Lamient 0 world ! i Winter hoar and Sum ef. but with fant beart with gr delight No more—oh, never more ! In those despairing last lines, Shef- ley got a considerable jump on our own Edgar Allan Poe, who says he leliberately wrote his * he words D r o 1821 as supreme music with thought e western { the misty eastern cave - all the long and lone d 2 long-soughit ! When T arose and saw the dawn Murmured Shall T nestie Wouldst thou m Nu. not thee ! Death will come when thou art dea won. 100 soun | will come when thon a ither would 1 I ack of thee, belove: Bwift be thine aoproaching ‘Come soon. soon ! * * * the famous short h literary history t Right— Here is poems of En, Music. when soft voices die, Vibrates in the memory— Odors, when sweet Violets sicken. Live within the sense they quicken. Rose leaves, when the rose is dead Are heaped ‘for the beloved's bed And o thy thoughts, when thou art gone. Love ttself shall slumber on. Here are two more of Shelle short poems, equally famous in their 1 fear thy kisses, gentle muiden. how necdest tiot fear mine My spirit ix too decply laden Ever to burden thine. fedr thy mien. thy tones. thy motion. 10U Deedial not fear mine: Tonocent i the heart's devotion With which 1 worship thine, The other is entitled “Love's Phi- losophy"': The fountains mingle with the river. And the rivers with the ocean e Winds o ven mix forever Wit motion . world 18 single: 3 by law divine In_gne another's bring mingle— Why not 1“Witn thi o the mo: . And the w NG sister fig Kiss high heaven s clasn one. another r would be forgiven 1L disdained 1ts brother- And the sunlight claspe the ' earth. -And the moonieams kiss the sei— What are all those Kissings worth, 11 thou Kise not we? . the celebrated poem, “To a Sky ' (cordially ed by all who were forced to read it in school), we will take but a few lines i heart In protuse strains of unpremeditated art. We look befo those that teil of “The Sensi- + tower which may be planted this Spring in the back 3 may bring comfort to some: The “Ode to the West Wind” is too long to give here, but will be remem- bered by all lovers of the lines of Shel- ley. I Known 10 Lt i ook purt of it the title of one of his hooks So thousands upon thousands persons have quoted words from ut even real kink srive ks, w during of hel- 1ch is a fan remembered, him its lyre his lips the He cries: 16 poet that the west wind mak ind so be through trumpet of a prophecy 1w e far behind? donais,"” John Keats, future article. ot of great net, “Ozymandias’: rt. N ¢ them. on the sand, a shattered visage b 1rvive, stamped on these lifeless ked them and the words appear King of kinks: iks. e Mighty, and desp e d the decay S s and bare, | sands stretch far away. Public Almost Unanimous In Approving World Court Public approval of America’s entry into the World Court seems to be even more nearly unanimous than the overwhelming vote by which thé Sen- ate finally suppressed the “irrecon- cilables” and adopted the resolution for adherence to the court. Almost without exception. the press agrees with the Providence Journal's view that “the Senate did a good day’s work when it took final and favorable on the long-pending proposi- tion.” Even those editors who regret the reservations attached to the reso- lution feel that time will cure any halt in America’s stride along the pathway of international amity. Commenting on the reservations, the Springfield Union (Republican) re- minds us: “We are not in the court yet; we are in the anteroom waiting to hear what 48 different nations, mem- bers of the league, say about the con- diticns,” which this paper agrees “‘were essential to the consent of the Senate.” On this point the Baltimore Sun_(independent) observes, “If we are being hypersensitive now in the terms of our alleglance, we may look to time and the prestige of the court to win a more graclous assent to its authority.” So, also, the Philadelphia Public Ledger (independent): “Time and common sense, familiarity with the court and continuing pressure for its use should all commit the United States more and more deeply to the court. The first great step Is being taken.” aetion * ok * Though it belleves “the conditions under which this country enters do it no great credit,” the Buffalo Eve- ning News (Republican) advances the hope that “in time the Senate may come to a more liberal and more gen- erous outlook on the court, a frame of mind more consistent with the con- spicuous place which this country has had in advocacy of such an agency of “The conditlons of adherence are rigid,” acknowledges the Kansas City Journal (Republican) but it declares “it {s certain the United States will 5o in under the Swanson resolutions or not at all.” The Charleston Dally Mail (independent Republican) cor tends that “the point about the rese: vations is that if they are not needed, they certainly can do no harm, but that if they should be needed, there they are.”” Discussing the probable reactions of foreign governments, the Byracuse Herald (independent) notes that “the prevalent opinion in Wash- ington is that the response will be favorable at all point: ‘There has been much comment on reservation five, which provides that unless the United States consents the court shall not render an advisory opinion touching any matter in which the United States has or clalms to have an interest. On this point the New York World (independent Democratic) explains that were the United States in the League of Nations this reserva- tion would not-be necessary, for “If we were a member of the league we should have a permanent seat on the council. From that position we should have power to prevent the council from asking the court for an advisory opinion, because, as Senator Walsh pointed out, ‘the councll proceeds by unanimity.’” Reservations or no res- ervations, the World continues: “By adhering to the protocol the United States has assumed a very definite and a very solemn obligation. It is the obligation to submit justiciable dis- putes to the court.” * Kk ok “The United States makes the forty- eighth nation to become a member of the court, which has bwglsg:tlngd;l?z?r ly five years, and of which a_distin- Amsrican, - dohn Bassets Moore, is one of the 15 judge out the Youngstown Vindic cratic). The Atlant cratic) asserts that alien to what Is bunal is s} can ideals.” Following the lead of Chauncey M. Depew in speculating on the probable tude of Lincoln toward the World ourt, were he alive today, the Los Angeles Times (independent Republi- can) says, “Lincoln wanted Americans to look upon the people of other na- tions as their neighbors and friends, and this journal voices its belief that he “naturally would stand with the ad- vocates of America's adherence to the World Court. The vote in the Senate was made possible, though “it would have been impossible five vears ago,” mivs the Houston Chronicle (independent), be- cause in the intervening years “the public conscience has been quickened; patriotism has triumphed over par- tisanship.” Agreeing, the Altoona Mir- ror (independent) declares, “Public sen- timent throughout the country will ap- prove the action of the Senate.” The Lynchburg News (Democratic) glorles in independence at last from ‘*the bonds of the isolationists” who would have made “an ostrich of the eagle,” and the Harrisburg Telegragh (Re- publican) deems it well that the “great bone of contention has been gnawed through.” The Hartford Daily Times (independent Democratic) is proud that this Nation “now stands beslde the other nations in peace as it stood be- side its associates in war,” and the Knoxville Sentinel (independent Dem- ocratic) declares, “In this development the truth of the saying is verified that no great cause is settled until it is settled right.” * Ok ok ¥ The Dayton Daily News (independ- ent Democratic) sees, in the bringing of the question to a decisive vote, obed- ience to the “popular mandate”; the Fort Worth Record-Telegram (inde- pendent Democratic) thinks it a “mat- ter for congratulation” that the Sen- ate has shaken off the *cloak of vacil- lation and indecision that it has worn for seven years,” and the Savannah Press (Democratic) exults that the “fight has been won, and the United States has made a step in the right direction.” The Champaign News-Ga- zette (independent Republican) recog- nizes that “the time for criticism is past,” saying, “The United States has embarked upon a new voyage in inter- national affairs,” while the Birming- ham News (independent Democratic) predicts that the “last great fight of the irreconcilables is over, presum- ably.” The New York Herald-Tribune (Republican) gives credit «for the vic- tory of the World Court supporters in the Senate to President Coolidge, say- ing, “The Senate’s vote on the World Court protocol is another striking trib- ute to the efficacy of President Cool- idge's leadership.” But the Roanoke Times (Democratic) denies this claim, saying, “To construe the result as either a Republican or Democratic achievement is utterly nonsensical; it was not a partisan issue, and the re- sult cannot be regarded as a partisan victory." The Norfolk Ledger Dis patch (independent Democratic) con- gratulates the senior Senator from Virginia, Claude A. Swanson, for his skillful piloting of the measure through “the Senate,” claiming that ‘‘while pledged to it in principle, the Repub- licans had always been lukewarm in their support, and it fell to a Southern Democrat to champion the measure.” ———— Futile. ."* points tor (Demo- Journal (Demo- far from being American, this tri- ung directly from Ameri- From the Muncie Morning Star. The average strike remedy accom- plishes about as much as another per- #on’y £old cure, 0., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 71926. | THE NORTH WINDOW So many things are not what they appear to be; it is very perplexing to the amateur.” For instance, accordMg to Prof. John Van Dyke, the majority of Rembrandts are not Rembrandts. According to other experts, perhaps 75 per cent of the so-called Corots were not painted by Corot at all. More lute- iy those who arc best qualfied to Jjudge have declared that quite a num- ber of mintatures, supposedly by Cop- Jey and Gilbert Stuart were painted in’ the last 10 or 20 y in fact, are completely fraudulent. And now Mr. ‘insky, one of the leading British authorities on furniture, is lecturing in this country and letting it be wide- ly known that Chippendale was not Chippendale, & craftsman, a furniture maker, but rather a style, and a de- partment store style at that. How bewildering! What are we to belleve? Are we to throw up our hands and declare that we will have none of it; tl since we cannot be sure that what we mee is correctly labeled we will look elsewhere? How much better instead it would be to de- clde to disregard the label and to look at the thing ftself, to get enjoyment from what i3, vather than from what is supposed to be. The portrait that is as good as a Rembrandt should give equal esthetic pleasure to the major- of observers. The magic in Rem- ndt’s name derfved primaril skill, his art, and, sccondiy, later days, in the enormous monoy value that is put on his paint- ngs. Money value is, of course, an ap- praisal of worth. Art that is not fine, that 1s not superior, does not maintain high values or increasing values gen- cration after generation. It is real worth, artistfe worth, which in tha end secures undying fame. There are fashions in s in other things Meissonler, for Instance, was « fashion 30 or 50 s axo, and his paintings sold for enormous’ sums; bring comparatively little curlosities, the works of extreme modernists will probably have HEX 10 No value & double decade hence. They are of the : that is all. is But to return to the things which are not what they are supposed to he— Rembrandts, Corots, Gilbert Stuart and Copley minfatures, Chippendale chuirs. Now If one is buying it be- hooves him or her to secure doc mentary evidence of henticity; nothing else wi stablish positive worth in the s market, Often- times, furth fraud i& easily discovere r instance, Rembrandt |1s not known to have made re When 2 repli ue it is prett the work anothe copy. In the same Stuart and Copley did not pain minatures, Gilbert Stuart is v painted miniat v have done if either of them painted minia- tures they painted good on | matter how fran be signed v during 1t good mir ed, if it is not other work, it with suspicion, price. Very and da ime, it is not if it is not well paint- in the style of thefr can at least be regarded Another test is of dom does one get a work by a celebrated master as a bar- gain, particularly when it passes through the hands of the third person. R But why, some will paintings are zood as’ v these artists, are they not rth us much? The works by the artists who lived more than a hundred vears azo, for one thing, have stood the test of time. It i3 not likely that a modern copy will do this—at least no one knows; time alone will tell, and very rarely 1s the imitation as good as the original. In the matt Chippen- dale chairs, or Sheraton, or any chair made a hundred yvears ago and still strong, the workmanship and the qual- ity of the wood signify even more than the name of the maker. Forty or fifty years ago, Mr. ( saye, when he was working as a boy in a furniture shop, they took six or seven vears to season mahogany planks after they were cut. Now, he says, it is done by a process of steam in three weeks, and consequently will not stand the same changes in tempera- ture, wear and tear. There is an excellent lesson to be learned from all this, which is to avold, if possible, the hypnotism of names, and to judre works of cording to their actual value, ing to the element of beaut one may find in them. By this test many things which are made today will be found very worth while, and a good deal that belonged to the past not invariably estimable. The test of a chair as 2 work of art is its beauty of design, its excellence of workmanship, its adaptability to use. If the public would only learn to regard art from this standpoint much better art would be produced. i these orks. by * Ok koK Who would think of getting Leo- nardo da Vinci to write a preface to a book, even on art, todav? Yet that is just exactly what Charles H. Wood- bury, National Academician and dis- tinguished painter, and Elizabeth Ward Perkins of the Children's Art Center, Boston, haye done, and an ex- cellent preface it is. The book is on “The Art of Seeing.” and advocates mental training through drawing. The preface was written for this book, it seems, a little over 400 vears ago, but it is quite up-todate. The writer say: How from age to age the art of painting continually de- clines and deteriorates when painters have no other standard than work al- ready done! The painter will produce pictures of little merit if he takes the works of others as his standard; but if he will apply himself to learn from the objects of nature he will produce g0od results. This, we see, was the case with the painters who came after the time of the Romans, for they con- tinually imitated each other, and !rnn’% age to age their art steadily declined.” Then Leonardo tells how Ghiotto, the Florentine, “reared in mountain solitudes, inhabited only by goats and such like beasts,” turned straight from nature to art and so surpassed the masters of his own time and those preceding centuries. And listen to this bit of wisdom: “Tommaso the ¥Florentine, nicknamed Masaccio, showed by the perfection of his work how those who took as their standard anything other than nature, the su- preme guide of all the masters, were wearying themselves In vain. Simi- larly I would say as to these mathe- matical subjects, that those who study only the authorities and not the works of nature are in art the grandsons and not the sons of mature, which is the supreme guide of the good au- thorities.” What an amazing num- ber of grandsons nature has in the field of art today! ‘And yet how interesting it is to ob- serve that the same idea which Leo- nardo set forth is what to an extent brought forth the Modernist move. ment, and before the Modernists the pre-Raphaelites, and before the pre- Raphaelites Blake's circle and so on back! Each group, aweary of follow- ing in the footsteps of others, has turned about to discover, if possible, new truth fgr themselves. In the case of the Modernists it has brought forth some horrible abortions; the spell of the past has been so strong upon them that to escape they have been led to do violence. But it would be as abeurd to think that the phase will last as it would be to suppose that Summer would not follow Spring. * ok ok % A good story, apropos of Modern- istic art, 18 told in the contributors’ columns of lh'; lcurmnt nuzber of the Atlantic Monthly. Exhibitions of un- tramed akstohen kY famous Modernists ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Does coke smoke when burning? —W. A. L. A. It does not smoke. Q. Can fish hear?—J. R. 3. A. Fish have no external or middle ears, but only inner ones. Various ex- periments point to the conclusion that the ear in fish is merely an orgun of equilibrium. Q. Is the blackbird a songster?— B. B. A. The Biclogical Survey says that the blackbird which is native to the United States does not have a good song, but is best in March or April, when the bird first comes North. In KEurope the name is given to a differ- ent bird, the merle, a thrush, which s a fine singer. Q. What is the food value of beer?— T. R. A. Beer contains about 4 per cent of nutritive material. Flour, for sake of comparison, has about $8 per cent Q. What is the average size of a family in the United States”— M. E. R. A. The Bureau of Census report shows the average number of persons to a family is 4.5—that is, if all peo- ple were put into families of equal size it would be necessary to compose half the familles of four persons and halt of five persons. Q. Are the natives of Haiti black?— L. B. A. Negroes compose about 90 per cent of the populatio Q. How long have hats been worn by men?—A. . M. A. 1t is difficult to state just when hats were first worn, and there is wo record as to where or when the first Lut was made. The first modern hat as we know this article of men's wear, Was mad n Paris in 1404 by Swiss manufacturer, but it was not untfl 49 years thereafter that the French adopted any sort of a head covering. Q. Of what materials were homes of the Romans made made them so durable?—J. A. N A. The homes of the Romans were imperishable because they were erect ed In a climate wherein there was practically no freezing and thawing. The same mortars used in our climate have not been at all successful. Fur- thermore, the same stones used by the Romans give a comparatively short life in our country. The mor tar mostly used by the Romans was a mixture of lime and sand. To this waus added ome natural occurring ground voleanic rock. This corre sponds to what is known as puz zolana, which, as indicated, has not bewn found satisfactory here. Q. Why is a knot so called?—E, M. A. Knot nautical mile. Q. Why did Caruso often attend services in synagogues?—C. E. S A. Caruso is quoted as saying: “1 have discovered that the Jewish chanters employ a peculiar method o intonation and vocallzation in their the that | not, like service. They are unexcelled in art of shifting the melody, of plekir up a new key modulating thei ritual chant und of overcoming vocal ditficulties that may occur in the words rather than in the melnly it Af. For this reasm I Je agogues whenever e the portunit the Q. What is the diff white gold and A. White gold s of gold, silver i nickel and zine Gireey alloy of gold and silve an alloy Q. Does the Pr have as much & dent of the Ul A. Th fted States ad of the German state 13 e President, the chicf ex- ecutive. This position is held by the chancellor 0. 1i British and French premicrs, is support from the body. This tag. The Pros In-chief of tt forces, can dissc can refuse to passed, subn referenduin. Q. Can e cigar box be d . M. A. If the cigar box Spanfsh cedar, o supposed 1o be made, it rather difficult to deodor. pletely, since the odor is due tc in the wood whic irly well ¢ tributed throughou wood stri ture. If the box is from =or other wood which docs not have natural odor, 1 taken up some « it might be that goud o least from the aming. Singe steaming might wir color it, or sof method is not practic continued exposure light s the mo: ried in Lox There world th mate quest ceau in W 1 organ 5 up and is under of Frederic J. Ho constant touch and other cd in a p thoritative nfurma order. Submit your staff of czrperts . put at your fres charge ezcept 2 cents in return postase. - £ Ktar Information Rurcau Haskin, director, Wash the are is no 1ps fe eniny Frederic d. ngton, D. C. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS, It costs less than half a cent to| make a pound of bread, according to | statistics. The people of the United States average, in consumption, about one-third of a pound of bread a day ver capita, hence an average family of four persons requires a labor cost of less than two-thirds of a cent to wake the dally bread which the tamily consumes. No family seeking to economize zan afford to burn the gas needed for baking the daily bread, for that would cost far more than the labor cost which would be saved. Hence, Amer- jean families are following the course of practically all Europeans, in buy- ing bread from the bakeries. One man has mnow become the power behind the oven and every American pays tribute to the King of Bread and Emperor of the Bakeries —Willlam B. Ward. It appears prob- able that no man since Pharaoh and Joseph ever has held the bread of @ll the people in his grasp as does the King of Bread today. His bakeries are producing 31,000, 000 pound loaves daily and have a capacity of 55,000,000 loaves. The total consumption of all our 110,000.- 000 Americans s only 37,000,000 loaves d * % % The American farms produced in 1924 a total of 872,000,000 bushels of wheat. Our mills ground into flour 538,000,000 bushels. Mr. Ward's bakeries and the needs of the farmers for seed wheat consumed approxi- mately 685,000,000 bushels (the per capita requirements are 6% bushels), and the rest of the crop was surplus for export, except what was used for Queen Marie Antoinette’'s substitute for bread when the hungry moo de- manded food—cake. Ward's cakes may have used all the discrepaucies of flour between what was needed for bread and what was exported. What- ever that may have been, the fact re. malns that one man will now buy practically all the flour made in Amer- fca, And this is the condition before his monopolistic power has had time to put down the few remaining inde- pendent bakers and close up the frag- ments of competition. ) One pound of bread is more nutri tious than a pound and a half of beef- steak. It is the cheapest nutriment known to man; it is the most essen- tial. The man who controls bread controls the health, the welfare, the clearness of brain, the efficiency of mental and physical America. This statement 1s based upon pronounce. ments of all recognized scientists in nutrition, particularly Dr. McCullom of Johns Hopkins University, the lead- ing nutrition authority of the country. ‘There is no other monopoly of financial power, no other production combine, which equals the financtul strength of the two-billion-dollar King of Bread. The Steel Trust, so called, may approach it in capital, as may the several Standard Oil companies combined, but neither of them is held in the name of one man, and both combined do not equal the broad monopoly in volume and quickness of turnover. Bread is buked daily, sold and paid for daily, consumed daily. It may be consumed and paid for by the consumer long before the King of Bread will be called upon to sign checks to pay for the raw material; the dally turn-over is done not on the invested capital. but on unlimited credit—more than $3,000,000 every day, including Sunday. The absoluteness of control of our food supplies is not so apparent in the “fat years,” but in case of a crop shortage—the “lean” years— what will be the effect of such a gi- gantic one-man hold on the food of America? Our grain markets have —_— and by local school children were placed on view in a dealer's gallery simultaneously. Beneath each exhibit abel, for instance—'N **Landscape—Gauguin, er the Bath—Minna Schultz, Garden—John Brown.” The office boy inadvertently opened the window; there was a scattering of sketches on the floor—which was which? Dis- cussion followed discussion. Shortly after rearrangement and rehanging, a wealthy citizen purchased the “Nude, by Rodin.” Despite its label and be- ing ticketed “Sold,” a school child identified it as her work. It had brought $5,000. Her fond parent brought suft, so also did the pur- chaser. The office boy lost his job! Agaln the moral—Bewarg of labels! | the old method of i grown frantic ners” on whe a national m in ¢ In a brie by an the extent t come an ingrec or rather of the result mergers, 1916, sold last S unknown financ Somehow, th will be ex that enhanced v the value of 10 ve ne operate 166 large ttered ovi the cated in the large cities vet include biscuit or torles, but its program is s clude thousands of chain grocer separate corporalion, ownin groceries, with a ital of $200,G00 000, was incorporated in Baltimore last week. fc Ward 3 and his 1 backer s for $1,35 mir; * % The' bread great corr corporati 1. is now not in three held by torates of the sever Willlam B. Ward hol E - jority of the voting stock in the thres great corporations, h, together, constitute the combine. It is said to have been the original pose 1o unite the three | cor- poration, but if so, the plan has been delayed, although it is not apparent to the public what difference that would make, from the one man control of each great cory n * One of the pror bureau of the Depa declares that the b beneficent, so long is the price of bread t points to the benevolent progrm to build hospitals and playzrounds for the employes and their children. He declares that until the (overnment takes over the control of industries on a large organized scale, the greater the organizitions under pri trol, the better. “If that be soc let Uncle Sam make the best "hut will be the economie. This official, the bread combine, declare large bakery units have i ed the ultimate fn economie duction, hence they cannot special profits out of improvements In answer, it has been pointed out that even So simple w production s raising wheat has made wonderful strides. In the days Nero ona bushel of wheat required four and a half days’ labor to produce; in the ar that MeCor; invented the reaper it took three hours' labor to row a bushel of wheat; today it tales 0 minutes. If the t bread mo. nopoly can shave ever so little off of the cost of making one loaf, what will be the saving on 81,000,000 loaves daily? That saving may 1 baking, but may be in speculati buying of supplies and in_economic: distribution, destroying all comp tors, untl the full capacity of chain bakeries—55,000,000 loavi nds a market. Senator William . King of Utah, speaking in the Senate concerning this combine, suid: “Undoubtedly the currents through- out the land, political, industrial and economic, are toward centrulization of power, authority and capital. Many people are caught by tie glittering generalities indulged in by the propa- gandists of bigness and concentration, There are unmistakable evidences of radical departures from the political philosophy which lies at the base of this republic.” Senator George VI braska thereupon and retorted: ‘ “What a wonderfully fino time we would have, with ail the children cared for and provided with play grounds, and we would pay for it out of bread! We would be in heaven before wetkriew it. We would have one man running the whole thing. We could abolish . good share of the Goy ernment, because this man would have a monopoly of the purchase of food products, and, likewis monopoly of the sale of ther So the Senat lopted Senator King's resolution calling upon the committee on judiciary to investigats,, (Conyziaht. 1935. by RxU V. Collins g X % % ent heads of a ment of Labor ead combine is does nut ralse consuners. He of pro make orris of srew whimsical,