Evening Star Newspaper, August 14, 1925, Page 6

6 ;I‘HE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1925. [ THE EVENING g'pA\Rhmns. have stood against the admin- jthe rapid and separate growth of Vil With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY ...August 14, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office TH0 et e st s 11th st New Vork' Ofiec Ot C European Lundon, with the St morn IS delivered by the city at 60 cents per d 45 cents per < only, =0 cents month_ Or wnt by mail or ephone Main Teeticn 15 made by carrier at the end of each month. il—Payable in Advance. and and Virginia. S840 S3.00 $2.30 Rate by Ma ¢ Daily and § Daily only Sunday on 1yt 15r 15r All Other States. d Sunday.. .1 yr.$10.00 on! 1y 87 Sunday only 1yrl $3.00 mo mo. 1 mo Member of the A The Associated Press is exc o the uxe for n of atches ted in this 1 P of <nr ociated Press. sively entitled ail news di 1 hereir al dispatches b Reducing the District Budget. It must that the in structions of President Gen. Lord, directo District appropriations m to a i of $36.2 duction of nearly $3.300,000 from the the la be assumed to that the held the of the budset st 0,000, be o m a present estimate, is based upon substantive rict maintenance, which io of 60-40 District will be pothesis 1 mandate The of concerned in the of the Treasury expend- 1t the §0-40 basis the Go ernment’s share of a $40,000.000 trict budget state the estimates terms, $16,000.000. At the Federal contribution budget w the cut which on the 60-40 ment $1,500,000. 1f the lump-sum principle Is to be carried into effect the fiscal vear there would be no saving to the by a reduction t proposed. u the sum were materiaily increased bevond the $9,000,000 of the actmen The sum of $9,000,000 is 40 per cent of $22,500,000. Thus, to bring the budget within the scope of Federal economy that the Di: suppositior governing ablishes Federal contribu tained there warrant to hold the Di: President is main on n ¥ Fed budget down. is strict cours: on to present in those would ratio £36 To make direeted would, save same to a uld be $14.500,000 is now basis the Govern for 1l Treasur: two latest en District possible the $9.000,000 lump-sum payment plan it would be necessary to reduce it to below $22,500,000., approximately $10,000,000 the current ap Such a reduction is in It would cripple every tivity, would stop eve: improvement, would bacl vears in or less than propriation. cone: municipal 4 work of the many its development and progress. The President and the director of the budget read the substantive law relating the maintenance of the District directing a definite pro- portionate contribution of Federal funds. They cannot in equity con- template an indefinite and regular continuation of the lump-sum plan. The decision to limit the budget to $36.250,000, as submitted to Congres: is thus to be regarded as a mendation to Congres nite principle be restored in instead of being merely maintained as substantive law, to be annually A reduction of the estimate by $3. 200,000 will entail many in the schedule of proposed It will cut the allow- numerous projects and for municipal departmental maintenance. The Commissioners have no recours public set District to as a recom that the defi proportion practice set aside. changes expenditures ances for but to follow the mandate and make the cuts to bring the total figure down to the indicated point. They should do so good cheer on the sumption that this necessity is an indication of presidential support for the definite tion of the 60-10 principle. with as restor: r———— In a littie while air transportation will be perfected to such a degree that it will make little difference whether cotton is put through the factories of he Southern or the Northeastern e Wisconsin Republreans, Regular the W Republicans of Wisconsin, " have selected Roy P. Wilcox of Eau Claire to make the race for the Republican nomination the unexpired La Folle The closer the strugzle come betweent the La Follette organization The selection of Wilcox make the Robert La Follette, jr.. who will be the candidate of the progressives and the La Follette fol- lowers, was made at a convention Oshkosh arranged for a so-called executive committee of the regulars The Republican orgamization of Wis consin, however, is in the control of the La Follette people, and has been for La Follette, jr. for ex- ample, is chairman of the Republican Btate central committee. The plea of the anti-La Follette Re. publicans of the State, Senator Lenroot at vention stalwart; rm of the late Senator lines a awing in is to to race against by vea voiced yesterds by ‘s con- a man to make the race for Senator who will support the Coolidge admin. tstration, who will stand four square with the national Republican organi- zation. This plea doubtless would be effective in a State where the voters had not become accustomed to choose as party leaders men in direct opposition to the national organiza- tion. As a matter of fact, the Repub- lican party in Wisconsin in recent years has had little in common with the national Republican organization bevond the mame. Senator La Fol- lette, the leader of the State for a quarter of a century, was not the only member of Congress from Wisconsin who opposed the policies and the can- didates of the national Republican or- ganization. Representative John M. Nelson, the La Follette manager in the last campaign, has headed the in- surgent Republicans in the House. The veteran Cooper and Frear, and many others, all elected as Repub- more | whether | Roosevelt and the | dependent. Dis- | | oust Be ! | publicanism., { changed vitally the law: on | | cated, | material | heta to fill | stalwarts and the | tn | is that the Republicans name ' | territory in Virginia. istration and continue so to stand ; Young “Bob" La Follette will enter | the Republican primaries with his | father’s organization strongly behind | him. The organization realizes that if | it falters and loses in this struggle it | stands to lose much more; that, in- | deed, the machine built up by the late Senator La Follette will disintegrate | rapidly if its foes gain the advan Prior to the convention in Oshkosh vesterday there were threats of dissen- ! among the v. McGovern announced his candi dacy for the Republican nomination for the Senate, and declared he would make the race no matter the convention did. It remains to be seen will carry out this threat. McGovern at one tin Follette man. 1912, on stalwar what he w strong He broke away in follow Theodore Bull Moose party Should he make the race for the nom ination he probably would draw strength from both Wilcox and however, to La The primaries for the senatorial | nomination will be held about Septem ber 22, and the election itself early in October. The indications are that Follette, jr., will not heed the criti cisms of the stalwarts and run as an progr the Republican primaries to the so-called His father him al ways ran as a Republican, except dur- | ing the last when he offered himself to the voters of the country as progressive. In the early senior La Follette's struggle for politi in Wisconsin the sug made by his all of announce himself a La independent ssive, leaving regulars. befor presidential campaign, an independent days of the cal supremacy gest friends, and by that he should the candidate for He vetoed the however, insisting that the Republic ans of the State had a perfect right to | the then Republican machine if | ed and still retain their Re was some ¢ his enemies, n in- gover ggestion, they desi It is a quarter of the late Senator La came Governor _ of launched a legislati a century since Follette first be Wisconsin e and program that | of Wisconsin, | and | railroads. a providing for direct levying heavier taxes on the For years prior to his election as gov ernor La Follette had waged a bitter fight against the Republican organiza- tion of the State. w the boot is on the other leg, and an effort is under way to overthrow the La Follette or ganization, the progressive outfit of the State. The strength of the Repub- lican national organization will be placed back of the stalwarts i+ the contest. The fight between progessiv- ism and conservatism proceeds. primaries Gov. Smith Joins the Fight. Gov. Al Smith ran down to New York City from Albany vesterday and | - in” at a conference of the ex ecutive committees of Tammany and the Bronx Democracy with reference to the mayoralty contest. He pledged himself to fight to the limit for the Tammany-Bronx ticket, headed by State Senator Walker, as against the Hylan-McCooey nominees. He indi- though not in explicit terms. a determination to combat the Hearst influence, which he alluded to as an alien factor. He thus cast down the gage of battle This incident discloses the signifi cance of the present mayoralty fight | in New York as a factor in the na- tional political equation. Smith is a Tammany man, and upon Tammany’s control of New York City depends largely his own claim to State leader ship and pre-eminence as the leader the Eastern Democracy. If Tam beaten in the primaries next through the nomination of Hylan, the governor will suffer in his ze. If, on the other hand, Hy lan is beaten for the nomination and he now hints he will. and in consequence the Republican coalition ticket is elected in November, the feud between the Smith-Tammany organization and the Hylan-Hearst Democracy will be in- tensified. Inasmuch as the governor, according to present plan, is to com pete next year for the senatorship now by Mr. Wadsworth, this local mayoralty fight decided na tional significance. ———— £l Europe’s present need of money | ought to have its influence in fram- ing a 1926 New Year resolution never to start another war. sat of many month pres runs as an independent, as has a e & Davton, Tenn., has accomplished a great work. Many people who had never read the Bible at all have at least read Genesis. s Arlington County. The Arlington Memorial Bridge will | not only be a grand memorial making ssage between the Capital and the profoundly impressive national | cemetery, but it will main en- trance to Washingtonsfrom the West and South. The building of a boule- vard connecting the bridge with Lee highway and the construction of | other roads will aid in making a city on the hills, in the vales and on the plateaus ‘south of the Potomac and ¢lose to Washington. This result of the building of the Memorial Bridge and a boulevard from it to Lee high way was emphasized at a recent meet- ing of people of Arlington County There has been a large growth of population in Washington's suburban There has also been a great growth of population in Washington's Maryland suburbs, and |the greatest population growth and building spread has been in the Dis- trict, north, west and east between he Maryland-District boundary and what was called “the city limits” a few years ago. Arlington County has a great future and it has its problems. Not long ago homes were far apart with a village here and there. Scores of villages have grown on tracts which ten years ago were fields or wood. Many of them, with the older villages, have grown until they join. Each has de- veloped on its own street plan, and there have been conflicting concep- tions of what a village should be. In Arlington County ‘*‘country” homes and the villages are nearly -close | County, { plans { Arlington County. A enough to be called one city. There are efforts to rectlfy defects due to lages, and to harmonize the whole 80 that the settlements of the county may be one large town with fine streets, homes of a high standard.set regu- larly on building lines and with water, sewer and transport services equal to those of a well ordered city. The peo- ple are thinking about these subjects because it is but a matter of time when the blank spaces in the villages and between them will be built on, and what was a collection of villages will come to be called the City of Arlington or a city by another name. The Memo- rial Bridge and the new boulevards will, it is believed in Arlington Coun- ty, hasten the development of Wash- ington’s suburban terri south of the Potomac At the recent meeting of Arlington County citizens one of the speakers, Maj. Carey O. Brown, assistant dire tor of the office of public buildings and parks, said that while a certain amount of development in the county is contingent on the building of the Memorial Bridge and boulevards, the people should give immediate atten tion to the whole regional development plan ning, building code, proper control of subdivisions by cen tral authority, interurban trolleys and busses, water-front development, sani tation, parks and playgrounds, and hospitals. There suggestion of certain developments which the Capi tal needs. Representative Moore, whose district includes said that he would urge ac Congress on such matters as n of the Palis of the Potomac, construction of a great boulevard from Washington to Mount Vernon and construction of a modern bridge at Little Falls. Under this pro gram the rocks and woods along the upper Potomac between the river and the Leesburg pike would be reserved for perpetual public use. A wider and better boulevard between Washington and Mount Vernon and a new Chain Bridge are Capital betterments which will soon develop, Washington is interested in the best of the progressive people of city there, with the Memorial, Highway. Kev and Chain Bridges, would be part of Washington, and people on the north side of the river hope that the new Washington growing on the south side will be a worthy part of a great Capi tal. - on such as schools was a strong tion by des Motorists will appeal to for better highways. The project u wholesome one, affording hope of line of discussion in the better civilization. As a political sue “better highways” would ring a change Iculated to soothe the ears of a scandal-weary public ————— It may fall to the lot of Calvin Coolidge to demonstrate that a man may be a mild ate ball fan and still dentially popular. Congress is of is interest base be presi e The size of the late Col. Bryan's estate compels those who have ques tioned his position as a statesman at least to admit that he was a financier. Dawes is a musician, but has not yet decided on any reliable pro. gram to the United States Senate as ey and his gang.” Mr organize “Ch R I . Every citizen will the activi- ties of a traffic director whose efforts show visible results in lightening the burdens of the corone: favor ——— = There are no more harems in Tur- key. In connection with the reform, the high cost of living may be entitled to consideration el e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Honey Bee. A honey bee I much admire. 1 quite agree That his desire To labor long With steady gait We can’'t be wrong To imitate But when that bee Flew down my neck, 1 said, “Oh, Gee!" Likewise, “By Heck!" As T recoil The thought you bring That they who toil May also sting. Difficult to Comprehend. “What do you think of these dis. coveries in ancient Egyptian tombs?" “I am amazed by them,” replied Senator Sorghum. It seems incredi- ble that people should have accumulat- ed records of such magnificent pros- perity with no mention whatever of either a Democratic or a Republican ity Cocoanut Hounds. Said the Chimpanzee to Baboon “We'll be in society pretty soon.” Said the big Baboon to the Chim- panzee, the big {“I don’t like salad and T can't drink tea.” Jud Tunkins says he used to feel like he was the head of the family un- til his youngest daughter won a prize in a beauty contest. Sharing Responsibilities. “Would you be willing to run for the Legislature?” “No,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “If anybody from this family goes to the Legislature it'll have to be my wife. 'Zlong as women are in politics they ought to be willin’ to do the light work and let the man folks struggle with the crops.” Inducement! Unto the devotee of sin The Future strange brings, For, if you drink synthetic gin You get a pair of angel wings! inducement “Don’t tell me 'bout Sclence,” sald Uncle Eben. I has great respect foh it, but I can’t help feelin’ kind of un- nleasant. Scince has kep' me broke buyin’ electric lights, phonograph rec- ords and such ke z‘ | Arlington golter and a tempera- | ! mon's Of all the poets, none exercises a thore perennial fascination than Wil- liam Blake, the tuneful mysti Every year a new life or tation” of Blake is issued, some of the volumes being very abstruse in their erudition Most of us, happily, can enjoy Blake delving which enwraps his work. It is enough for us that his words sing and recall h images of fairyland. not familiar with the in- “Songs without to_us quite fr Who is troduction nce 2" to THIS AND THAT the Piping down the ing Piper. “Drop_th: So 1 While “Piper And T s An, No one, I there is the mere roses. The ability to put into a produ words say, the reade the tmages gives him, is the sign more than thought that mingle the writer T sung (he the images in with wongs of On 4 cloud 1 saw a child nd he laughing said to me about ed With merfy eheer piDe that song again So T piped: he wept to thy h #it thee down and write a_book ‘that all may read vanished from my t T plucked a hollow reed. And I made believe, that poem through will ever forget it, something fresh and clean about it, lingering in words as dew i e e the master writer. In such a p achie We accept child was on terialists fant wa edge that of clouds at will We rejoice ized this wor children (if it oem ‘s s this happy more there than the words say. is music there, and all the long t attending the Jove of children wrapped with the human he ladly the fact that the a cloud. Let crass ma- nquire how and why the in- so reposing, in all laws of gravitation. the child was on the cloud, because Blake put him there, and also because it ought to be a prerogative | is not) to repose on | with d bec bolical of Jesus.) Then the poet to that d them, did How w plucked a e hich could any one child vanished from his sight, and he hollow reed, and he made a stained 1 pen, and he watel like some clea necks ¢ heavenly mea and he wr every child may joy to hear. The word “and” rings in those lines | silver bell, heard dew and clouds, tinkling might be supposed to chime on shadow dows! The world is bett such bea “The Lamb immortal things, impessible would like “‘rough-nec to te ful, impos | caught for so long as books may on an imperishable page. T * read in alleys wild, plegsant gl ume n wept with joy to hear. rural pen g 1 the water o wrote my happy so Every child may joy the Piper pipes his song about a (As we will see later, use Perhaps that may help to explain why the child wept to | hear this happy, sad song estial (certainly with a cherubic it down and w countless generations the te his sheep browsing is another of Blake containing a qualit explain ) watch this |little child and have him tell me ward that it was anything but great. BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Little lamb, who made Dost thoa know who m Gave ‘thee life, and bid RS ihe. strean interpre- ; Softest clothing. woolly Gave thee such ‘a tends Making all the les Tittie famb. Who made ttle Jamb, the symbolism He is called by thy nan For He calls Himself a He is meek, and He is He became 'a littl La ch of Inno- Little lamb, God bless Little lamb, God bless Blake had a Allan Poe. mitted, he seemed to their musical quality, any “meaning” of the a Lamb!" ear. pwy pipe: cheer will go in this category. Merry, merrs Under’ leaves w0 greer A happy blossom ou ht Dretty robir! Under leaves so greer A happy bl Hears you s Pretty, pretty robin, 1y bosom We have room but stanza of to h who ever reads so magical, so does among ction voke | mind | which of Sits and smiles on the n to Seialh poem, “Infant in Joy connection the above Blake result. There is There n 50 en- tlam but 1o da whit ‘ehani 1 catl I happy an yos ta ' EWeet Joy Preity "oy Sweet foy Sweet jov 1 Thou dost s 1 aing ‘the Th art defiance of We acknowl- do not smi two days old. on clouds, either, mitted, and yet From “So; of E might quote “The Fly, and those lines begi An_ Sunflower. Who countest t Seeking ‘after that swe Where' the Since modern science fly down as a filthy cre: poem on the insect ma Little Fly Thy St My thoushtless Has brushed as child as the s Lamb. Blake capital- it was sym- b is child ordered smile) the te his song might poet immedi- So the| T that lines fuse” the ab editor it the ha su; the clear appy song | €nough left to muke ence has ruined this In “Ideas find that fine quatrain To see the world in a & u! mid | s fairy bells soft inj “And"cternity i @n hou for such image: sible happening last I close this “Love’s Secret,” to Shakespeare. little Love that never to v 1 in words. some so-called poem to his fter- | ’ E | He took her with for the They thee? iade thee, thee feed . bright oice, rejoice t thee " Dost thou know who made thee? Il tell thee Little lamb: T'll tell thee: e, Lamb. mild, hild d and thou a lamb, We ‘are called by his name thee | thee ! whole sparrow ! sWift a8 arrow n sobbing, Vest nd o'er the mead: Gave thee clothing of delight. “feel” for words akin to that possessed by our own Edgar Sometimes, it must be ad- use them for regardless of verse. To the average reader “The Blossom" opening nest, night n avith 1 oy le when We come now to a typically Blakian which ought act person declare they do not sit previously serience’” “The ning time. has pu ature kes e away pping s smile. poem of Good and *ps of the sun *t golden traveler's journey ie done the Blake's ile clime smi notice, in the edition before me, eliminated in Evil" in of sand. And a heaven in a wild flower Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, Never seek 10 tell thy love hail be heart one from a sigh BACKGROUND OF EVENTS France has two wars on her hands, | both by Moslems. may be met squeeze has Africa recently An outbreak of the Druses in Syria, France holds a as part of the world adjustment fol- lowing the World War, United the Druses of 3,000 rinst them and that more than $00 French have been killed. captured or The savage Druses are al- be killing venge for the French killing sheiks The Frénch fear that the Arabian tribes may join the Druses if consecutive victories. * % % over whom equally patches st routed an a serio te wounded leged to in battle. the Druse: and The ligion fightes anon- came e temple. hammedans have usually neighbors army latter gain nor with desperate fanatics, backed | come The war with the Riffs with maneuvered by tain, the World War conqueror, who taken us that are customs, They great the cedars Maronites which present them mies, against the Christian people, of Jes the Maronites Who are the Druses? | have been made to prove that they are descendants of the lost Moabites; have been made— mostly by the Druses themselves—to indicate that they sprang from Eng- 1 All that is speculative and unproved. More scientifically, it is believed that they are a mixture of Arab tribes, who, living segregated in the moun- tains, have developed and preserved strong traits of their own, unlike the characteristics of any other race. They have a greater leaning toward other lish crusader: Christianity medanism, ity on eart! attempts * ok ok K s of than not Christian faith nor Virtues of religion, but simply their own doctrines woven in with the his- tory of Christ, whom they accept as one of the several incarnations of the They believe in one %0d and that He has appeared 10 times in the flesh, the last appearance being in the person of Caliph Hakem of Bgypt, a fanatic or insane ruler who lived and reigned in 1029, when he set himself up as God incarnate and commanded his subjects to 'wor- h. ship him as such. so, the mob, led by the Caliph’s sister, murdered him. Before the death of Hakem, his con- fessor, Darazi, who was upholding his master’'s pretenses, was mobbed, but he escaped and fled to Lebanon, where he undertook to teach the new re- History does not record that he made many converts in his lifetime, but he evidently left his impress upon the people of Lebanon, so that in their cepted the strange doctrine of Darazi and, corrupting the name, called them- selves after his name, “‘Druses.” The Druses refuse to accept con- ‘They alone are the ‘“chosen people of Gecd” and destined to rule the world, though there are only 150,- including women and ligion. later years, verts. 000 of them, mysterious in re: inhabit to construct Solo- They are neither Mo- Christians, had the secret of the Moslem Turks in fighting their the Maronites. jealousy between the Druses and the is stirring up unrest and the attacks upon their mandate rulers, the French, on the ground that the Druses have been promised ‘‘native governor,’ meaning a Druse governor, their Catholic who would favor who, their reverence for Mary, the mother , are called after her name, BY PAUL V. COLLINS. once the Druses | under the more as and put feet of their “nut-cracker’ Marshal ¥ a reincarnations of respect the Koran While they do not t hammedanism their oity command in mandate, be in a community is_becoming Press dis have French sent of the Moslem when amongst their children The Druse its ceremoni to religion prisoners in re- initiated into the m trol *A'quils’ are terrible ihe e, Mount Leb- whence and The others are the . ignorant. Both Akkals. To pray an impertinent and w to interfere with the Di TEGOR sexes vet they. support and stockraising. It is the the | there is sufficient 1y informed in agricultu; While their ea adapting themsely i traditional ene- | MENtS would “Maronites'—the because of | Being meek Quakers midable foes. e Attempts quarrel a Druse boy. 00 years ago. them “fight it out. toward Moham- protection, establish peace. 6,000 was sent to Leban ernment to puj Instead of doing Turks. descendants ac- | sympathy. o’k m‘;;;h military officer guAlt] Maronites number IM habit missionary turbans to indicate their all the tribe. elieve of and 15,000 out of the total 150,000 initiated are of the higher class, by virtue of their education and holy, ehals’ may ine wil an re. in on. Wordsworth had something similar anthology sometimes attributed | S with I told my love, in_ghastly fears, rt me, in the person of Hakem, but He is to | ¢2Use the Messiah world | They | do not count Mahomet as one of the and do net in Mo oppor tunism is such that if they chance to of Moslem dominance, it is their custom to visit the mosque and go through all forms ceremonies they gladly accept Christian teaching Christians likewise send schools. | 8 is 50 secrat and doctrines that only a small part of the people are ever teries—about These o | thetepy They are called the Akkals or|level with the executive and legisla- They wear white | tive departments? status. or the | become | to God, they deem icked attempt 1 The Druses depend on agriculture ‘The slopes of Mount Lebanon are intricately terraced. and although the sofl is not very fertile, rainfall farmers are industrious and moderate- d opportunism s to their environ em to indicate a spirit of nonresistance, they are far from character. They are sharpshooters and in their{but seldom or never is the offender mountain fastnesses they become for. | Until 1840 the Druses and Maronites were friendly neighbors,. both antag- onistic to the Moslem Turks. Then a began by a Maronite father in defending his son in a dispute with His Druse neighbors and finally Druses from neighboring villages became involved. terfered to stop the disturbance, but eventually kept hands off and watched The outcome, by 1860, was a terrible treachery and two massacres of Maronites by the Druses, in which more than 6,000 Christian Maronites were trapped and slain. As the victims were a_modified s of Roman Cathalics, under the Pope’ a European commission vas formed to avenge the outrage and A French army of Unable to overtake the retreating mountaineers, the. French ordered the Turkish gov- h the leaders, Druse and Turks, for it was alleged that Turks participated in the killing. A pretense of compliance with the French demand was made in arrest- ing several leaders of the massacre, but English history states that in not one instance was any culprit executed as pretended to the French. The u- ropean Powers' Commission soon got into a wrangle over policies, especially when Turkey asked the Maronites to name the leaders responsible for the massacres, and a list of 4,900 Druses was submitted, together with a few Turks: in- The | commissioner to protest, ad. we Tiger” the the same cup with the poet; but there is we | b pre the both FREE COURTS d an A FREE PRESS By Judge Robert W Winston. In discussing a matter shich to some may be considered technical {t may be wise to point out the differ- ence between actual contempt of court and constructive contempt. Aec- tual contempt generally occurs in the presence of the judge—bolsterous con- duct or other like misbehavior, for ex ample. Constructive contempt on the other hand occurs outside the judge’s presence. Thus, when a Toledo news- paper criticized 'a_United States judge and was fined $7,700 by the judge attacked acting as prosecutor, jury and judge in his own case—this was for_constructive contempt. Now, constructive crimes have al- ways been odious. It was of construc- tive treason Robert Emmet was speaking when he declared to the Irish judges: “If all the innocent blood shed by your lordships were gathered together in one place your lordships might swim in it.”" Annulled by Judges. | In America, by the very first amendment guaranteeing freedom of speech and of the press, the fathers thought to put an end to construc- tive contempt. But not so. The judges practically annulled the amendment, so far as relates to criticism of themselves or the courts. Congress thereupon passed an act curtailing the power of judges. This act pro des that only misbehavior so near | a court as to disturb its deliberations shall constitute contempt. But this statute met the same fate as the amendment —the Toledo newspaper case so deciding, though Justice Holmes dissented. Elsewhere I have pointed out how common is the im prisonment of editors for constructive contempt, Josephus Daniels with others serving a Jjail sentence. Now, when there is actual contempt no one would deny the right of judges to inflict condign punishment; other. wise, courts could not function. But in constructive contempt no necessity for summary action exists. Indeed, to “railroad” an editor to jail, without a trial, for expressing an honest opin- fon on a public question, seems quite undemocratic. The Toledo editor was never in the judge's actual presence = to the court. con- he was and constructively and constructively dis turbed his honor's court—a ruling which, in England, as Justice Holmes points out in his dissent, would be im- possible. Impairs Usefulness of Courts. But in Amel the Jjudg doubtless deceiving that he is not actuated by wounded pride at all but merely maintaining the dignity of courts, has hedged him- self apout with a kind of divinity How far this unnecessary sensitive- I ness of American judges tends to im- pair the us@ulness of courts no one can tell, though the polling of six million, o vas it seven million, votes ¥y Roosevelt's party—organized on opposition to courts—is significant Naturally the question arises what punishment shail be handed out to the libeler of a judge? Why the same punishment, and in the same way, as though the judge were 2 man in the street or the President himself. ndal magnatum—scandalizing the great—played out in England a cen tury ago: in America. however, lese ma jeste still prevails. For instance, if an American new’ paper of today crit- icized a judge it is punished without any trial, whereas were it to libel the President, the editor could not be snatched up and summarily punished In this latter case a grand jury would find a bill, a petit jury would be im- panele n orderly trial conducted, jall by an impartial judge. Why should | American judges, in fmmunity from | eriticism, be in a class all by them- { selves, above the President, above Con gress and far above English judges? | Why. indeed, shall a real man bother |his head about criticism anywa {criticism but strengthening a just to he vely { misbehaved a oversensitive elf rotection for Press. The average citizen—neither red nor bolshevik—therefore expects two hand- maidens of orderly government—a free pre and free ¢ to compose their differences side by Iside. Recently, when the Clayton act was declared constitutional, people everywhere breathed easier—the end of constructive contempt seemed at hand. For, if the Clayton act, providing for a jury trial even in cases where a “striker” strikes contrary to a court order. be constitutional, how mucl more binding the statute that no one all be punished for contempt unless he misbehaves in the presence of the {eourt Does not the Clayton decision imply the Washington court will protect the press as it has labor f constructive contempt _proceeding: placing the judiciary on of in a (Copyright AR S | The Season for Deer and Manslaughter With the opening of the deer shoot- ing season in California come warn- ings from the press of the danger of mistaking gunners for game, and so firing a shot at any living thing large and active enough to make a noise or movement among bushes, or in a clump of young trees. Every vear lives are lost because of such criminally reckless shooting, in prosecuted and.convicted. Invariably he is ‘“exceedingly soi woul “sooner have sacrificed his own life” than that of his companion or even of a stranger. And this bitter regret enables him to escape punishment for manslaughter. “If. you can't see the horns you have no right to shoot,” is one paper’s timely warning. That would protect the does as well as prevent homiclde, if all deer hun ters lived up to it. But a host of such hunters are far more ‘eager to allow no buck to es- cape than to be sure they are right before firing. In fact, many of the reckless seem disposed to regard the chances of be- ing ot as among the inevitable “perils of the chase.” The best, and perhaps the only ef- fective, warning in this regard prosecution and. conviction of every offender who takes a human life “by mistake,” merely to gratify zest for “sport.” —Fresno Bee. ——— Obnoxious Enthusiasm. From the Baltimore Sun. Enthusiasm is especially obnoxious when it belongs to a stranger who uses your straw hat to express his ap- preciation of a home run Orthodox papulation is 81,000 and the Roman Catholics 42,000, the Druses 150,000, the claim that a ‘“native” The Turks thereupon falsely | should be.governor means to them told Europe that the Maronites were [ only a Druse. demanding the execution of all the|themselves are split into factions of 4,900 accused. That divided European jealousies and feuds among their own Besides, the Druses “great families.” Consequently no na- tive governor has been named, and re- In taking a mandate over Syria the{ cently, when a delegation of dissat- French assumed governorship of these | fsfied Druses waited upon the high warlike Druses and Maronites. Druses allege that the French high [the delegation were commissioner, Gen. Sarrail, promised | prison.. That resulted in the present to appoint over them a “native” gov. but instead he appointed a hough the | likely to be serious for the French. the Greek several of thrown into outbreak, fraught with bitter hate, rifie skill and fanatical treachery (Copyright, 1925, by Paul Y. Colling) ANSWERS TO Q. What Protestant churches have the largest memberships in Washing- ton?—F. F. A. The Federal Council of Churchea of Christ in America says that the churches in Washington having the largest communicant membership are |as “follows: Calvary Baptist, 3,069: Mount Vernon M. E. South, 26 Ninth Street Disciples Covenant | Presbyterian, 1,527; Fifth Baptist, 1,385; Epiphany Episcopal, 1,316; First Con- gregational, 1,263, and Foundry Meth- {odist, 1,: Q. How many children does the Loyal Order of Moose care for?—V. M. A. At Moosehart, 1,206 children are |taken care of. Of these 100 are ac | companied by their mothers. These children are mentally and physically | normal. About 150 more children who | are not eligible to Moosehart are cared | for in their own communities under the same conditions. Q. Why did_people all over the country favor Washington in the last world series” H. A. The New York Giants had many boosters, but three reasons made the Washington _victory a popular one generally. It gave Washington its first pennant; it gave Walter John- son, a universal base ball hero, a chance to help his club to the top: and the New York team had become in- volved in a scandal which all lovers of sport deplored. Q. Christ I W3 A. Dr. William Smith in his “Dic- tionary of the Bible” says that Laza- rus died 30 years after his resurrec- tion, at the age of 60. Q. In order to obtain scholarship is iv necessary athlete?>—R. D. A. Selections are made on the three- fold basis of character, intellectual | ability and physical vigor as shown by participation in outdoor sports or {in other ways. Q. What is the origin of the ex- pression, “Whom the gods would de- stroy, they first make "?—E. B. A. This is but one version of a familiar saying. The oldest form of it s Maxim 911 of Publilius Syrus— “Whom Fortune wishes to destroy she first makes mad.” i Q How long did Lazarus live after raised him from the dead?— 2 Rhodes | to be an | Why are bright s used ‘at aster time?—I. R A. Their use is symbolic of the rays | of the aurora and the dawning | of the Easter sun. Purple is largely { used because from a very early period it was one of the most highly prized 1 colors. Q. How much do imports and ex- ports of the United States weigh all together’—G. R. A. The total borne commerce weight of the water- in the fiscal year 1924 was approximately 92,000,000 long tons. Imports weighed 42,800,000 tons and exports 49,200,000 tons Q. Why is it we can see stars that| are millions of miles away when we | cannot see illuminated objec earth for any great distance’—C. A. The Naval Observatory say the atmosphere is left out of consid eration, the quantity of light received by the eye from a luminous object is directly proportional to the amount of light emitted by the object and in-! versely proportional to the square of the distance. If one light is twice as| far away as another, it has to be really four times as bright as the oth er in order to appear equally bright The enormous size and brilliancy of the stars, however, enables them to overcome the disadvantage of dis- tance. How many people commit suicide P that tates Q in this country in a year?—H. M A. The Save-a-Life League say in 1923 suicides in the United numbered 12,948 The oldest suicide was 97 and the youngest 6. Women numbered 4,316, while twice as many men died by their own hand. Q. Should the plural or singular form of a verb be used after the noun “ethics N. K A. The singular is correct. ethics of the case is, etc. The maintain a Q. Does this country post office in China?—H. §. A. Some months ago the United States discontinued its postal agent at Shanghai, China. Q. What is the average height of men in the United States? Of women? |—F. M. R. Al According to varous calculations it has been determined that the aver- | merals written on QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC 1. HASKIN. the United §tates is 67.67 inches: average height of women is slig less. Q. Why is a brougham so called?— M. A. Baron Brougham and Vaux, a prominent English politician who lived from 1778 to 1868, drove about in a lit- tle carriage especially built for him. The vehicle became associated with hi name, and was the forerunner of the modern brougham Q. Is there any method of treating anthracite coal to obtain quick heat in a furnace of not very strong draft? —H. 8 A. The Bureau of Mines says th a quick heat can be obtained only by using wood. However, a draft may sometimes be created by burning papers or excelsior on top of the in the furnace. Q. What kind of are Aubus- ‘ A. P a trade name given to real tapestry rugs which are woven in the town Aubusson in central Fran: gs Q. What were horn spellers?—E. P, | A1, ‘A. They were spellers used until the reign of George II of England. They were single sheets with the alphabet the Lord’s prayer and the Roman nu. them. They were generally protected by a sheet of giving them their name. Q. Is there a fish that is burned to give light>—C. T. A A. The colachan or candlefish, which is found on the Pacific Coast from Oregon up rd, is dried and used as a lamp by the Alaskan Indians. It a fish from 12 to 15 inches long, w oily flesh. After the fish is dr a piece of rush pith or s in mark of a cypress tree is drawn through it for a wick. Q. In what places is it possible for Immigrants to the United States to be examined before leaving their own countries >—C. C. A. This experiment is tried in the consulates L Liverpool, Southampton, Glasgow Belfast, Dublin and Queenstown. urgeons from the Public Health ervice have been assigned to these places. It is hoped in this way to prevent immigrants from coming this country who cannot be admitted If the plan proves successful it will be applied to certain other consulat in such countries as may express willingness have examinatio made in their territory now be: at to Q. Do the larger breeds of poul- try lay white e —C. R. J A. ‘There are no large breeds of pouitry L RIte erea Wh Dorking and Wyandotte are th gest breeds laving light o eggs: however, the Minorca Leghorn are the ones ihic pure white eggs is the best way cream from Q. What move ice J M W bottom an roll the tin mold fc in the water, rer quickly ‘The top downward. Remove the quickly turn it right side up. setting the plate on the table and taking off the mold carefully. Another plan is wring out cloths in scalding wat and wrap them for an instant arou the mold and proceed as above. ove and should wipe be lid and How AL Light higher part: long does twilight last? is reflected of the atmosphere until the sum about 18 degrees below the hoi r the Equator there is little twilight because of the swift ness with which the sun this distance and because of the tran; parency the atmosphere. In the high latitudes twilight sometimes lasts from sunset to sunrise. The state of the atmosphere as t ouds, etc., has & direct bearing on the length of twi- Ught. (This is a special department voted solely to the handling of queries This paper puts at your disposal the unrestricted services of an ertensive organization in Washington you in any capacity that relates to in- formation. This service is free. Fail ure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are Your obligation is only 2 cents stamps inclosed with your inquiry for | direct reply. Address The star Infor- mation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin from the age height of adult white males in Director, Washingtan, D. C.) British British decision to pay a subsidy to the coal industry to avoid a strike is generally regarded in this country as unsound from an economic stand. point. ~The action of Premier Bald- win, supported by the Conservative ceived some commendation as a means of averting a disastrous struggle over wage reductions. On the whole, there is a strong feeling that the govern- ment “‘surrendered” to labor. “A disastrous strike has been avoid- ed,” in the judgment of the New York Times, “at the expense of an expedient scarcely less ominous— more ominous, if persisted in and ex- tended to the other basic industries. And eventually the very workers who have held up the government like highwaymen will themselves be chief sufferers.” “None of the essential difficulties which confront the British coal owners and miners,” it seems to the Baltimore Sun, “are removed by this settlement. There is nothing about it which foreshadows a restora- tion of Britain's declining markets for expory coal, nor a solution of the readjustment which must be faced by the coal industry everywhere, due to substitute fuels and new economies in heating.” TR “The many and manifest objections to a coal subsidy” are emphasized by the Philadelphia Inquirer, which con- tinues: “It was perfectly clear from the beginning of the negotiations with fhe miners and operators that Mr. Baldwin was opposed to it on prin- ciple. But the alternative was too dis- astrous to contemplate. “The danger of a coal strike has been averted,” says the Pueblo Chief- tain, “but in a manner that has re- moved “neither the pressing political dangers nor the economic catastrophe that seems impending. If Great Brit- ain has to sell coal at less than the cost of production in order to meet the competition of forelgn miners the na- tion loses, regardless of whether the loss falls upon the wage-earning miners, the owners and operators of the mines or the taxpayers generally.” The exisiting controversy, as viewed by the Sloux City Tribune, “will be just as acute at-the end of the sub- vention period as it was at the begin- nirg,” and that paper holds that “all that has been_accomplished by the government’s ‘Fielding to blackmail.” as foes of the measures adopted term it, has been the deferring of a crisis.” Subsidies are.attacked by the Pitts- burgh Sun with the query: “How soon will Britain realize that every subsidy is merely another hypodermic that renders the victim a little less con- scious of his hurt for a while, in no way cures the ailment from which he suffers and ever lowers his natural re- House of Commons, however, has re- | Coal Settlement - Condemned and Approved country a cowardly policy the Los Angeles Times, with further comment that it “is diverting tax money to a purpose that h right to be supported by public ta and that “if the c industry of Great Britain in not self-supporting it is doomed.” “Other measures wil have to be found sooner or later for the adjustment of the British coal situation,” the Buffalo News states “Having taken this step, how can tha government avoid repeating the same thing when the rail workers, sailors iron manufacturers, shipbuilders or even farmers serve notice that thes cannot operate without paving higher . and that this cannot be done ss the government charges up the difference to the taxpavers?’ tha Akron Beacon-Journal asks. “The difference between Great Brit ain and the United States,” the Lynch burg News suggests, ‘“‘is that Great Britain pays to avoid a strike and the United States has its strike and then pays for it The Christian Science Monitor believes that ‘‘Mr. Baldwin's government would have suffered a los of prestige if it had failed to avert a serious crisis.” While the government is committed, in the opinion of the Providence Bulletin, “to a proposal of doubtful economic pro priety,” the Bulletin makes the com ment: “The situation was serious enough to call for a drastic remedy England is in no condition to endure the dangers from which she finds her self almost miraculously saved.” Fk e w “It will be as easy for the British government’s critics,” remarks the Cleveland Plain Dealer, “to attack the mine subsidy policy as it is to prove that the present dole system is inde fensible. But it will be hard for any one to show that the policy adopted by the government in this instance Will not prove the best arid cheapest in the end.” The Milwaukee Journal also suggests: “Who can ssy that under the deplorable conditions in his country, Premier Baldwin has not tak en the ‘wise course?” “The prime minister had not alter- native when it came to the question of a subsidy or a catastrophic strike,’ the New York World asserts, with the further statement that the miners were “not demanding better hours or wages but were resisting a proposed wage cut.” This point is stressed also by’ the Duluth Herald, which quotes the miners as “insisting that it is un fair to ask them to accept less pay when the cost of living is not re- duced.” The Rochester Times-Union, citing an average wage of $12.86 week ly in the mines and the threat of a reduction, sivs it was ‘“not the strength of the miners’ position that al sistance in pain?” £ 4> ““The. ,'&;flw\n government has adopted ‘what*we would term in this caused the government to offer the subvention,” but that they had “un- usual promises of support from other branches of organized labor,”