Evening Star Newspaper, August 13, 1925, Page 6

6 ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. August 13, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . - . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Dustness Office: 11th St and Ponmeyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East d St L Chiraze Ofce: T ‘European Office: 1¢ or Build Regent St.. d. g London. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- Mz edition. i3 delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only. 45 cents per month: Sunday on ) cents Per month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000, ction is made by carrier at the end of month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and 157, $8.40: 1 mo. Daily on 15T 1mo Sunday only . 151 :1mo. Al Other and Stnday.. .1 yr.. §10.00: 1 mo., &3¢ - only 001 Vi T87.001 1 mos Ao Sunday’ only 131 $300:1mol. 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dir- natehes credited to it or not otherwise cred: tted in this paper and also the locsl news bublished herein. All rights of publication 1al dispatches herein are also reserved <p: Secretary Weeks. 1f Secretary Weeks retires from the cabinet the latest reports from Swampscott indicate, it should be with the full public knowledge that he has rendered valuable service to the country and the administration ds Secretary of War. Mr. Weeks | entered the cabinet of the late Presi- dent Harding in March, 1921, and has served continuously since that tme. He took with him into the department a firm belief in the need of adequate national defense and a determination not to see the Army entirely emasculated. He has beer an admirable administrator and friend of the service. As 2 man of wide and successful business experience, Secretary Weeks has urged strongly that the material plant of the Army be not allowed to deteriorate merely for the sake of immediate economy. He has pro- tested vigorously against a policy which officers of the Army insist sericusly threatening and which is discouraging to enlisted men and the commissioned personnel alike. The declaration that the Army must bear in part the proposed slash of some $20,000.000 in budget estimates large for the year 1927, recently forthcom- ing from the Summer White House, must have a discouraging sound to the Secretary. Mr. Weeks received his education at the Naval Academy. But when he was offered a position in the cabinet he chose the Arm not because he did not love the but because of the embarrasinz position he might have been forced to meet when the men he knew at the academy came before him for assignment or pro- motion. In his later years he served as a member of the House and of the Senate from Massachuserts, and among his colleagues he was highly regarded because of his ability, his courage and his entire franknes Reports that Secretary Weeks would retire from the cabinet have recurred with considerable frequency since last Winter. They have' been more per- sistent since his serious illness of a few months ago. But Mr. Weeks has not vet retired, and those who would regret to see the War Department lose his services continue to hope that his convalescence will be such as to make it possible for him vet to return to his desk. e Suburban Fire Protection. Greater interest than usual in fire protection is shown by Washington's Virginia suburbs. Clarendon sends news that “ample water for fire. fighting purposes will soon be avail- able in all the thickly settled areas ot Clarendon.” Cisterns of large size are to be built giving gravity pres. sure over a considerable area, and 2 lake is to be made by building a dam on a creek. A few vears ago there was a boom in Washington sub- urbs in Maryland and Virginia in forming volunteer fire companies and buying engines and hose. These fire companies have prospered, the small towns take pride in them and it is helieved that they are efcient. Im petus to the formation of these fire companies was given by a number of smalltown fires near Washington which caused large loss. In some of the villages there was no fire com- pany and fire-extinguishing apparatus. The townsmen did their best with bucket brigades, drawing water from wells. 1In recent fires the volunteer companies have worked creditably, but in some cases the water supply was 100 small. Activity in Clarendon and villages in its vicinity in backing | up the fire companies with a sufficlent water reserve shows that the people have foresight and the spirit to give due protection to their hom e By going to college Mr. Scopes will probably become so interested in evo- lution that he will forever forfeit any chance of holdinz a position as an instructor in Tennessee ————— The Country's Crime Bill. The National Crime Commission, it ir reported from New York, the head- Auarters of that recently formed or- ganization, is receiving co-operative assistance from the financial and mer- rantile establishments of that ecity. It fs greatly to the interest of business that advance be made toward the suppression of crime, especially theft on a large scale. As a result of an increasing prevalence of robbery in New York, insurance rates against loss from this cause have advanced to an almost prohibitive figure. lions of dollars are being spent now on burglary insurance. That, how- ever, is not the only item of cost. Furriers and dealers in silks and vel- vets have been put to heavy expense ih maintaining large forces of private watchmen and armed guards and the installation of electric alarm signals. Strong vaults have been constructed at heavy cost. The furriers have formed a security alliance and organ- ized a squad of sharpshooters. Banks and stores have installed armored cars for the transport of funds with guards. Despite these precautions there were during the month of July twemky major robberies aggregating Mil- | | The crime bill in the United States | mounts to a staggering sum annually. | The cost of homicides in loss of serv- {ices, reckoning life at its economic valuation: in police pursuits and in protracted trials is alone an item of magnitude. The cost of crime against iproperty goes into the hundreds of | millions. At the present rate rob- {bery and burglary Insurance will ad- vance in cost to a prohibitive point in a very few years. This cost, it must be borne in mind, does not fall upon the merchant. It is car- ried by the consumer. The buying public is paying the crime bill, | The fire loss in the United States annually reaches u tremendous total of waste. The crime loss is rapidly approaching and will at this present pace soon overtake the price of de- struction in the flames. e DU ! Training Pedestrians. | Success has marked the first effort {in the National Capital to control pedestrian traffic. Following out the plan advocated by The Star more than six months ago, the intersection of Fourteenth street and Pennsylva- nia avenue has been changed from an inferno of rushing pedestrians and automobiles into a quiet, strictly reg- ulated zone, where both walkers and riders are enjoying the benefits of modern traffic control. With but a few minor changes, re- lating to right and left hand turns of automobiles, and a higher type of co-operation from the pedestrian, the system inaugurated at this congested | intersection may soon be in force | | throughout the downtown district. | To attain this desired end, turning { of automobiles into streams of walk- ers must be changed from the present nethod. Traffic officials are now hard at work in devising some plan. to | eliminate this hazard. | When this is accomplished it will | remain only for the pedestrian to give | the maximum in co-operation. De- spite the best efforts of the five po- licemen on duty at Fourteenth and Pennsylvania avenue, there were many walkers who refused to ac: knowledge authority and proceeded to cross with signals set against them. This type of walker, knowing that there is no law to make him co- operate, is generally the first to com- plain of the “murderous automobile |drivers.” He should change his at- | | titude, however, and realize that pe- | destriun control is devised to protect the great body of walkers and that the traffic officlals of Washinzton are working night and day to make the streets safer for all who use them. o plan of pedestrian regulation, such as Is now being used here, can be a continued success unless co-op- eration is raised to its highest mean- ing. The Washington public is ex-| pected to recognize this fact and to zive the authorities a helping hand of in the development traffic city.” the “‘model ——ee— Ford as an Air-Flivver Maker. A disposition to “let Henry do it has been evidenced in this country | ever since Henry Ford made his great | success in standardizing motor manu- facture for cheap production. His | achievement has completely won pub- | lic confidence in his ability to accom- | plish whatever he undertakes—his peace-ship venture not being regarded | as within his legitimate line. Recently Mr. Ford established an | airplane service for the delivery of | parts to the assembling plants. After ! a period of experimenting and testing this new method of distribution has | been declared successful, and now it | is announced that Mr. Ford has ac- | quired complete cwnership of an air- plane manufacturing company and | will proceed to turn out planes for his | own tactory service. | Now the question avises, Will Mr. Ford be content to make planes soleiy for his own use, or will he turn his at- tention to the production of planes for the public? As a consequence, chiefly, of the enormous output of the Ford motor plants and the ease with which the | motor cars are purchased, the traffic situation in this country has become a grave problem. Streets and roads are congested to the danger point, al- most to the point of the blockade of traffic. At the present rate the sur- face of the United States will be | choked with motor cars within an- { other decade. Will the manufacturing genius that made the flivver almost the universal mode of transport now make the in- dividual or family airplane possible | within the range of the average American? It is now a commonplace of observation that the plane will be the ordinary means of travel in a short time. That somebody is going to put forth a practicable, dependable fiving machine for family use is firmly believed by a majority. So why not Henry? He is starting ol plane mak- ing. Watch his smoke! ———— Venturesome people who find it im- possible to join Arctic expeditions can still enjoy the strange fascination that attends risk of life by trying to swim the English Channel. ————— Sy i In preparing peace programs Eu- ! rope will be forced to take into con- sultation a hitherto obscure gentleman named Abd-el-Krim. ————a——————— The quarrel between science and religion is one which lacks the sup-| port of most people who are genu- inely scientific or sincerely religious. —— The Democratic Debt. The determination of Chairman Clem Shaver of the Democratic na- tional committee to see that the Dem- | ocratic debt, incurred during the cam- paign for the presidency last vear, is paid off and the.party finances put further expenditures is praiseworthy. The financing of political parties in this country, with the frequent heavy deficits which both major partles have carried, has been open to con- siderable criticism for its slipshod methods if for no other reason. But a new era seems to be breaking. ‘When Chairman Butler of the Re- publican national committee took charge a year ago he announced a kind of pay-as-you-go policy, with a | gectaration that there should be no 4 on a sound basis before engaging in | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, "D. ¢ e e e e e e HE EVENING STAR!l loss of §600,000 in New York City. | deficit. At the conclusion of the cam. paign the Republican national com- mittee, instead of having a deficit, had several hundred thousand dollars in the treasury. The Democrats, however, were not 80 fortunate. They wound up with a deficit. Not because they had ex- pended more money than the Repub- licans—they had not expended nearly 80 much—but because the contribu- tions to the Republican cause were much larger than those to the Dem- ocratic. But Mr. Shaver, feeling a distinct sense of responsibility and believing that the Democratic party must be put upon its feet again, has adopted the policy of providing a firm financial basis. This he insists must come through payment of its debts. In some quarters there is a clamor for a revival forthwith of Democratic activity, through the national com- mittee, with a publicity bureau and other office forces, which means the expenditure of money. But to this Mr. Shaver turns a deaf ear. Such a revival he will sponsor, doubtless, in good time. Deficits of the political parties offer opportunities for interests of one kind or another, even individuals, to place party leaders and administrations under obligations to them, which is not a wholesome condition. The pol- icies of the present chalrmen of the Republican and Democratic national committees to do away with deficits are laudable, to say the least. Mr. Shaver's economy of today may bear fruit tomorrow ———— Osculation and Health. Alas for the days of chivalry, when brave knight and doughty squire died gladly, not for kiss of fair lady’s lips, but for the mere privilege of touching her fingers. A campalgn is opening in Maryland to ascertain if a man visks his life by kissing rouged and powdered gir The State commissioner of food and drugs will learn whether any of the lead, arsenic and dyes which it is said go into the make-up of these cos- metics are injurious to health in the quantities that might be sipped in a kiss. The lidies may have to make a cruel decision. Either they may be compelled to abandon their delicately pink and white cheeks and their carmine lips, or abandon the hope, it not the practice, of the gentle art of osculation. In days when germs and = s and their deadly proclivities were new to the public, campaizns were wuged against the kiss, because, forsooth, disease might follow in the wake of a fond embrace. But the success of these campaigns was not particularly noticeable. The man who was de- terred from stealing a kiss because of these warnings probably never would have had the nerve to kiss. It is doubtful whether the Maryland food and drugs commissioner’s cam- paign will be marked by success. On | the other hand, he may succeed in compelling the manufacturers of rouge, lip stick and powder to omit ingredients that prove harmful to health—not on the ground, perhaps, that they do injury in a kiss, but rather to the one who wears them. ——— 1t Is now disclosed by a study of war-time conditions that in addition 1o the other troublesome demonstra- tions there was in contemplation a ‘wheat monopoly to control the Amer. ican market. The complete story of the World War will oceupy many vears in the telling and- will require the perspective which permits candid study of proportions and relationships. Lo Chicago and New York will have a cable capable of carrving 250 phone | messages and 500 telegrams at the same time. Many people can remem- ber when Chicago was regarded as an uvpstart village with which New York was scarcely on speaking terms. ————— A coal strike is as good a method as any of reminding the ultimate con- sumer that he may as well lay in a supply before anthracite gets dearer. T e TS s Ly This is the time of year when a wise and prudent statesman perceives the desirability of not allowing pol- itice to interfere with golf or fishing. ———. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Silent Influence. The Cowcatcher said “I'm first of the train; The way I have led Again and again.” The Headlight grew warm And cried, “Let me say Through shadow and storm I've pointed the way." The Bell sounded loud— The Whistle joined in— “We save the great crowd From harm by our din. And somewhere inside Was a Stoker supreme, Who, devoid of small pride, Kept on getting up steam. The Days of Unsophistication. “Why don’t you seek to be a great statesman like George Washington?” “Politics is something that every American understands today. George ‘Washington was lucky in getting in on the ground floor.” The Meek Audience. Ourselves we do not much admire, ‘We're very humble, there's no doubt; Wherefore some actor folk we hire To give a show and cuss us out. Jud Tunkins says he doesn’'t mind working hard all day, but he objects to spending his nights Mstening to a loafer talk about his golf score. Amenities. “Did you dance with the Prince of Wales? asked Miss Cayenne. ‘No,” answered the demure girl. “Every girl I know danced with him except myselt.” “Cat! You are trying to be original!” “Science says de world is millions of years old,” said Uncle Eben, “and yet it looks to me like de real excite. ment ’'bout what dis world offers is only jest beginnin'.” Some time ago. in this column, 1 wrote: ““Mankind is like the alternating current, now attracting us, now re- pelling. We need the rectifier of love to receive the best of their impulses and to filter out the bad.” Let us consider this repulsion to- day, having on more than one occa- sion In the past treated of the attrac- tion of our fellow human beings. For one time, at least, let us deal solely with the bad. Few there are but at some time or other have felt a real repulsion upon meeting gome one. It was in no sense physical, for that person may have been very attractive, clean, well groomed; yet there was a sense of re- straint there we could not overlook. An old verse hits this feeling off neatly: 1 do not like thee. Dr. ¥ell. The reason why 1 cannot tell But 1 do not hike thee. Dr. Fell | Kvery one of us meets many Dr Fells in our journey through life (strange trip from a station we do not remember to one we know less of), and are none the wiser from our many meetings. All we know is that we do not like the fellow! What Is the explanation of it? Mystics have one that runs some- thing like this: ¥rom each person is ziven off an invisible aura, or ema- nation, which strikes one within the radius. This aura provokes a hostile feel ing if it does not fraternize well with the aura given off against it. Such a theory, while hard to believe, is per- haps not more so than some others | one might name. P Luckily for mankind, the man who repulses you may be eminently at tractive to me, and vice versa. Thus the world goes 'round! The man A likes will be anasthema to B. while the close friend of the latter C, A will “not be able to stand.” Thus comes about the common situ- atfon that we find with regret that the person we imagined our friend would like the latter does not care for at all Consequently every one has an un- pleasant evening, which no one can attribute to any one, because all are to blame! Or, rather, the tweisible repulsion of mankind is the trouble maker. Let me hasten to say that I, personally, do not believe in the aura-business | sketched above. I rezard it as a nice theory. that is all. A more likely explanation, it seems to me, is this: That this is a prett big world, and has been in existence a mighty long time. In such a huge place, and during such a tremendous interval of time, certaln types of men- talities have been evolved. These are very far apart in their standards, so far apart, indeed, that there 1s no reconciling them. From these ideals have grown ways of expression, wavs of action. even motions, that are in-| herently opposed. So when the twain meet, all the king’s horses and all the king’s men cannot put the two of them together! There is no use trying, in the last analysis. The best we can do is to try to remain friends on the surface. Except on some such ground as this it is almost impossible to explain the friction which goes on every day be- fore our eves Men work tozether. all seem more | or less alike, but one man has certain | friends, and certain others who do not | care a rap for him: and so it goes, the | | group being split into various smaller groups. O S Difference in dally habits. too, ex- plains a large part of the repulsion of mankind. BY PAUL ¥ Forest fires are raging throughout the Far West, where lies the main supply of timber. Hundreds of miles of forest are being consumed. It is estimated that forest fires annually destroy as much timber as all the saw mills cut. The most elaborate system of fire protection is inadequate 10 pro. tect the forests from these annual holocausts. Annual fire loss is above | ,000,000, not estimating the dam-| age done to surviving young trees and to the soil. Not only is the Joss serious to the owners of the forests, but equally so to the public consuming lumber, at an average of some 516 board feet per an- num. Whether one is a householder or just a renter, the loss of timber by fire touches his pocketbook in in- creased cost of his 516 feet per an- num, or in rental upon what he re. quires from his landlord. Ten years ago we were told by tim- ber conservationists that the country ‘was on the verge of total timber de- nudation. They assured the public that within 10 years there would be no more hardwood: within 15 vears there would be no soft wood within reach of transportation and in 25 years there would be no wood in America and we would have to build entirely of stone, brick, iron and concrete. * ok o “Time's up.” says Bluebeard. “Time’s up!” Time at least to check up on these prophets of disaster, says the lumber manufacturer. The mills are cutting over 10,000,000 acres of timber annually. Soft woods are being cut eight and a half times as fast as new growth is replacing them. Col. William 8. Greeley, chief forester of the United States Forest Service, says that forest fires consti- tute 75 per cent of our forest problem, for the acreage of timberland destroy- ed by fire constitutes whatever short- age is impending in timber supply; if it were not for the fires, the new growth would keep up with the saw- ing. The venerable quirp to the effect that “figures won't lie” does not seem to apply to the estimates made from time to time by varfous authorities, concerning the supplies of different kinds of timber. In 1830 the United States Census reported that the forests of continen- tal United States contained 405.605.100 thousand feet of soft woods. Ten years later, 189D, the same authority found 1,090,000,000 thousand feet, and in 1916 the United States Forestry Service discovered 2,128,500,000 thou- sand feet—reduced by four years’ cutting (1920) to 1,765,218,000. To a less degree, but with similar wild guesses, the Census reported hard woods, in 1880, amounting to 435,685,000 thousand feet, and the Forest Service found that in 1916— after 36 years of ‘‘destructive saw- ing"—there was still growing hard- wood timber to the amount of 459,- 675,000 thousand feet. It was partially upon the basis of such inaccuracies that the prophets of a timber famine based their’ mis- givings. % * * x % The average waste of the mills is shown by the statistics of their an- la wife because she likes | with BACKGROUND OF EVENTS nual sawage. In 1899 there were 31,833 mills, and they sawed over 35,000,000 thousand feet of lumber. In 1922 the n\lmbe’rl- of mills had ei:‘e- creased, while the average capacity increased, and they still sawed 35,000, 000 thousand. feet of all kinds of lum- ber. J The peak of lumber sawing was reached in 1909, when 44,509,761 thou- sand feet were produced, and the low- est point of the last quarter century was reached in 1921, when the mills sawed only 30,500,000 thousand feet. No exact figurés are available bevond BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. One man is Interested in the color of flowers, the other in the color of poker chi The first stands mute when the talk gets around to draw and stud, while the latter feels com- pletely out of it when the conversa- tion turns to the respective merits of varieties of Gladioli. One of the great secrets of getting along well together is to be able to talk well together. We are talking animals, and unless’ we can talk to each other freely, we are likely to feel uncomfortable. Elbert Hubbard had it about right gvhen he coined the aphorism, “I love you because you love the things that I love.” Think over your life, and its relation to vour best friends, and you will probably find that those you love best are those you talk to easfest. And those vou talk to easiest are those with whom you | share the most likes and dislikes. Hence a young man had better pick to play tennis with him, than because he admires the wave in her hair. They can always play tennis together, but the wave may come out of her locks. Or she may get them bobbed. A marriage based upon mutual likes is like a house founded upon a rock. The wind may blow, but it will” not fall. ~ The repulsions of mankind come about, in the majn, I believe, because of the little things, and since these are the easfest corrected, there is yet great hope that civilized society may live together more amiably than it ever has hitherto. £ v ix these matters, of course, every himself up both as judge Every one is right, too, in doing so, for these matters are en- tirelv personal, in essence, so that no one else can be a judge for any other person, nor make a decision for another. The individual judge who would not be too much repulsed by the varjous persons with whom he comes into contact should bear in mind the necessity for trying to avoid narrow- ness and ignorance. A rather healthy prescription and Vet one that can be taken, in moder- ate doses, at least, by every man, woman and child. This is a uni- versal “cure all” for the mental ills of human beings. Step right up, ladies and gents, and purchase, at no price at all (in money), a_bottle of Anti-Iznorance and Anti-Narrowness, mixed in one great bottle. In taking this medicine know, be- fore you begin the treatment. that the bottle is tremendously slippery, and the medicine often of the most bitter taste. It is especially hard on one’s feeling of importance. Yet, properly tuken—selt-admin- istered—this grand remedy will make vou feel very happy, put vou right the world, and all that lives therein. After several doses you will begin to feel more amiable, and the old aches and heartaches you expe- rienced aftér meeting five out of ten people will depart, and will come no In one s and ju more except after meeting probably one out of ten. This is the irreducibie minimum There will always be one or two vou nnot get along with. They will "ontinue to repuie vou, despite this grand medicine. Your attempts at trying to understand the other fellow, and at really attempting to know more about him, are getting in their good work. Your desire to look at him broadly, not narrowly, is having fts effect. You will fail of course, often. We would not want to be anvthing but human, after all. . COLLINS. 1923, for which vear the estimate ic 40,000,000 thousand board feet. The boom in home bullding since the depression following deflation after the World War accounts for the in- creased demand for lumber in recent vears. Offsetting that demand there are other factors which few outside of the lumber business have realized. These factors tend to retard the ex- haustion of our supplies. One of the factors referred to is the Ereater economic hzndling of lumber by the mills and dealers. The lumber associations have been studving the wastes.” They have found vs of utilizing much more than was for- merly zotten out of a tree. The new methods are equivalent to doubling the forest areas of the country. * ok ox % Standardization of mill measures, to- gether with the use of shorter pieces of boards, have resulted in vastly- in- creased availability of odds and ends of boards. Formerly, boards must be 12 to 16 feet in length: now the car- penters have learned that boards are Just as useful if they are sawed at the mill to the shorter lengths actually used in construction. So there are boards of standard measure of 6, 7 and 8 feet. At the mill it is found that a 16-foot board may have a defect in one half. Formerly that condemned the entire board; today the defective part is sawed off and the rest of the piece is used. In Europe that prac- tice of using short lengths is carried to such an extreme that it is stand- ard to sell boards by the inch, in pieces 6 inches or more in length, ac- cording to the builder’s actual use. The railroads used to count on the average life of a tie as about 10 years; today, by the use of creosoté pre- servatives, ties average 20 years in the ground, hence the timber supply for ties has been doubled. The same is true of fence posts, telegraph poles and all other timbers in contact with the ground. The introduction of artificial com- position board for interior finishing is progressing, and it is expected that in a short time ‘“synthetic lumber,” which will not warp or crack and can be planed, will be_ nerfected. A process has ®:n devised within the last five yvears of extracting tur- pentine out of boards in the course of their kiln drying, which makes a bet- ter board and saves a merchantable turpentine. 1t is said that now the lumber man- ufacturer utilizes every part of the tree, from root to terminal bud, j as a modern pork packer saves every part of the pig except the squeal. What the lumberman permits to es- cape, corresponding to the squeal of the pig, has not been explained out- side of trade circles, but it may be the shadow. * ok Kk ¥ Patriotic protectionists have been somewhat disturbed recently by the report that lumber was being import- ed into New York and Boston ports from Sweden and Finland. The amount of such importations is neg- ligible at present, but may increase. Freight on lumber from our Pacific States, where exists our only consid- erable supply of certain Kinds, is about $12.50 per 1,000 board feet; freight from Sweden and Finland, across the Atlantic, has been as low as $8 per 1,000 feet. Most of such shipments come ini.tramp steamers as ‘“‘occasional” cargo, and lumber- men profess. to be complacent about it because. of the small percentage | compared with the 40,000,000,000 thou- sand feet which we produce. Offsetting the Smportations of "fi ber, . we e ‘more than 2,000,000, thousand feet ‘of -boards and about 3,000,000 thousand feet of railroad ties; about nflf‘-f:hkh Boes to Cany "HURSDAY, AUGUST 13, - 1925, lAuother View of the | tions to deal with Macedonian Evictions To the Editor of The Star In his letter published in The Sun- Aday Star of August 9 Mr. Nicholson, who signs himself National Commander of American Veterans of Hellenic Descent, expresses his regret at you having published in The Star of August 4 correspondence from Bul- garfa, in which your correspondent told of the wanton murder of a little Bulgarian girl by a Greek. Mr. Nich- olson is of opinion that reports of Greek misdeeds should not appear in the American press, for, as he says, they ‘“engendér the American public opinion with national strifes.” What- ever this may mean, I am sure vour readers are not so simple-minded as to attach much importance to i*. The statements of your correspond- ent about the treatment of Bulgarian minorities in Greece were based not upon hearsay but upon a recently pub- lished report of Corfe and Roover, the two members of the Mixed Commis- sfon appointed by the League of Na- the exchange of populations between Greece and Bul- #®aria. In view of the repeated accu- sations on the part of the Greek press that the Greek minorities in Bulgaria were persecuted and maltreated, the Bulgarian government asked these gentlemen to undertake a thorough investigation of these accusations as well as of the treatment meted out to the Bulgarian minorities in Greece. Notwithstanding the refusal of the Greek government, for reasons easily guessed, to agree to such an investi- gation, Corfe and Roover were able, with the help of the flve subcommis- sions stationed at various localities, to gather the data upon which their report is based. Bk According to this report, there were very few demands in 1921 and 1922 by Greeks or Bulgarians for emigration The Greek disaster in Asia Minor in 1922 forced a large number of Greeks to seek refuge in Greece. Instead of distributing evenly and fairly these newcomers among its subjects in Western Thrace and Macedonia, the Greek government settled them dense- ly in Bulgarian villages and houses. Aided and abetted by the local au thorities the refugees acted as if they were the masters and laid hands upon the property of the Bulgarians. This gave rise to constant friction and quarrels. The complaints of the Bul garians were met with the reply that If they did not like it they should leave the country. Thousands of +hem left for Bulgaria, having been prac- tically evicted out of their homes and not allowed to dispose of their prop- erty or even take away their house- hold helonzings. On the plea of military exizencies in February and March of 1923, after the Greco-Turkish War had been fine ished, about 2,000 Bulgarian families vere deported from Thrace to the islands and Thessaly, leaving every- thing they possessed behind them Several hundreds of them died of malnutrition, maltreatment and dis- ease. The harsh and cruel treatment of their co-nationals in Greece pro- duced great irritation in Bulgaria, and it was then only that il feeling against the Greeks in Bulgaria manifested it self, especially among the refugees, who had suffered at the hands of the Greeks and had emigrated with only the clothes they had on. S #ATE & Mr. Nicholson cites half a dozen cases of murders of Greeks in Bul garia, and though he savs that he ab istaine from mentioning further atroc- ities I doubt it he can add much to their number. These murders bear no political or national character. but are the work of private vengeance of refugees, who in their desperation lh.no wished to avenge wrongs inflict. ed upon them or theirs in Greece. The Bulgarian authorities, as the re port of Corfe and Roover testifies, have never acted toward the Greeks out of prejudice to their nationality In Greece outrages upon Bulgarkns have been committed in connivance with or at_the instigation of the au thorities. Nineteen Bulgarians of the village of Tarlis, falsely accused of being rebels, were butchered by the Greek soldiers under the command of an officer, who were escorting them to another village. The presumed au thor of the murder of the four Greeks mentioned by Mr. Nicholson, was a certain Athanasoff, refugee from Thrace. The Bulgarian authorities spared no effort in trying to catch him and his band. Owing to the moun tainous nature of the country it took them a long time in surroundinz the band and wiping it out. On the other hand, outrages and murders commit- ted upon Bulgarians in Greece are seldom if ever punished. because. in the words of Corfe and Roover. “the Greek authorities attribute a priori to Bulgarian comitadjis every illegal act. the author of which is unknown. and see in every Bulgarian peasant an ac- complice of the comitadjis.” Hence they are ready fo belleve any accu- sation against a Bulgarian and to act immediately with severity toward him. This summary procedure of the authorities, of which there are nu- merous examples, makes the life of Bulgarian minorities in Greece uncer- tain and unbearable and has forced them to emigrate. The truth of the matter is that in the territory as- signed by the peace treaties to Greece in Macedonia and Western Thrace the large majority of the Christian population is Bulgarian, and the Greeks are determined by fair means or foul to drive it out and replace it by Greeks from Asia Minor. 8. PANARETOFF. e e Bowling on the Green. When New York was still New Amsterdam the Dutch there played bowls on a bowling green, still known by that name as part of Batterv Park. The game that raged in England and other countries centuries ago—Ohio and six other States have Bowling Greens named after it—has been ex- periencing a revival. By way of Canada or Florida it has arrived in Buffalo, Boston, Cincinnati and other cities. President McGilvrey has now announced an intention to introduce 1t to the voung ladies attending the State Normal College at Kent, Ohlo. Played with wooden balls weighing about 3 pounds and not exactly spherical, one ball for each player, on level lawns of moderate extent, men or women participating without necessarily changing from street clothes, the game is said to have cer- tain practical advantages over other sports and to provide moderate exer- cise along with a great deal of soci- ability, amusement and opportunity for skill. Indeed, we understand a determined man can become wrapped up in it almost as completely as in golf. None the Ises we venture to suggest that it be made available in our fair city, which believes in having Summer fun and has tried worse things.—Cleveland News. ada. Our imports and exports nearly balance each other. Of our imports 987 per cent come from Canada, mostly soft woods, of which we are facing a shortage. * % ok ok There is a marked shifting in the use of hardwoods. Time was when black walnut was not appreciated, so that it was used for common fence posts or in bulldings. Now it has about the same value as mahogany. Its . beauty in.furniture “when dis- covgred 60 vears ago resulted in a craze for walnut. furniture; which was superseded a few vears later in a fashion for using oak. K Now ouk is out of style, and dealers are crying for a market for oak. Walnut is too scarce to come back. ' (Copyright. 1925, by Paul ¥, Colitsn.) Soterios |- Q How is * nounced?’—K. B. A. Massachusetts people pronounce “Swampscott” with the accent on the first syllable and almost none on the second, which sounds as if it were spelled “skt.” wampscott” ~ pro- Q. T saw an article in a newspaper several days ago which told who first called Mr. Bryan the “Great Com- moner.” 1 can’t recall the name and should like to know.—V. A. M. { _A. The Associated Press said that | Willis J. Abbott, who is now editor of the Christian Science Monitor, was responsible for it. He was one of many newspaper men in Mr. Bryan's hotel room after the Cross of Gold” speech had given him the presiden- tial nomination in 1896. A railroad official tendered Mr. Bryan the use of the railway president’s car for his re- turn to Nebraska. Mr. Abbott, the great speech still in his mind, ex- claimed, “But, Mr. Bryan, you cer- tainly cannot do that; you are a com moner. You are the Great Commoner. Q. Are church pews considered real or personal property?—N. A. A. In the United States pews are the property of the church corpora- tion, which can sell or rent them. Whether they are real or personal property depends upon the State laws. Q. How long is the growing season in Indiana compared with New Eng: land's?—A. R. A. Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Missouri and Kansas have a growing season of from 150 to 180 davs. In the New England States the season is from 120 to 160 days long. Q. When was the first oil well in the United States brought in?—M. L. A. On August 28, 1859, the first well at Titusville, Pa., began producing at a depth of 6915 feet Q. How old are remains of plants mains or traces of plants and animals which have lived before the beginning of the present period and have been preserved in the rocks’ are termed fossils. Q. Are any bridges over the Rio Grande wholly within the United States?—J. S. A. Under the treaty between the countries the old bed of the river re- mains the boundary. Below El Paso about 13.000 acres of American ter ritory has been cut to the south of ) Grande, and the river runs for about miles in the United States. There are three bridges on what is known as “San Elizario Is- iland"—Lee Moor Bridge, Fabens Bridge and Tornillo Bridge. Q. Where is the coffee buving cer ter of the United States” N. R. A. The chief cities are New York City and New Orleans. Q. Whose names appear on United States currency?—A. M. P. They are the names of the treasurer and register. Q. We know that the earth is not a | perfect sphere. If a survevor were to establish a true meridian and at some point on it other than the equator turn at an angle of 90 degrees, and project this line around the earth, would the line come back to its start- ing point?—T. R. L A. The Coast and Geodetic Survey savs that a zeodesic line may be con sidered to be the line on a non-spher ical surface that most nearly cor- nd animals that are classed as| “fossils'?—P. L. A. According 1o Zittel, “all re- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | | | | body. responds to a great circle on a sphere Suppose a geodesic line starting west ward at right angles to the meridian in latitude 40 degrees N., longitude 75 degrees W. and continuing around the world. This line will again reach latitude 49 degrees N. in longitude 74 degrees 4 2-10 minutes W., and will cut this meridian at right angles. 1ir continued further it will cross the original merjdfan of 75 degrees W. in latitude 39 degrees 58 minutes 47 sec onds, with the aximuth.of 89 degree« 24 minutes W. The geddesic line is thus a sort of spiral; its successive loops, however, intersect one another Q. What weight in cork is required to_support a 150-pound man in water’ H. K. D. A. The Bureau of Standards savs the amount of cork used to suppor a body in water depends entirely upon the bodv. Many things must be taken into consideration, such as the benes and flesh. Nine out of ten people float naturally because the is supposed 1o be as light a= water. In general, if the body is a= light as water and 25 pounds of the 150 pounds is out of water, such ax the head, neck, shoulders and arms it would take pounds and 10 ounces of cork to support the body. Q. Is there such a snake as the “stinging snake"?—K. C A. The Biological Survey says that the “stinging snake” myth appar ently originated more than 200 years ago and is reported to have been first published in an old “Report to Lords Proprietors of the Carolinas.” John Clayton also mentions this myth in a letter to the Roval Society of London in 1688. In the first mentioned re port it is asserted that there lived in the Carolinas a snake whose tail was a poisoned horn or spike. This account refers to the horn or sting ing snake, which is barmless. Th; { horn snake is biuish black with a few red bars across the belly. The tail of this snake tapers to a fine point having the appearance of a horn or spike, but is quite incapable of piere ing or stinging anything. Q. What Stafes separate the races on street cars”—W. B, B. A. The States of Georgia and Okia | homa include street cars in their laws= for the separation of the races on railroad trains. Florida, Louisiana Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennes see, Texas and Virginia have special statutes applicable to street cars Arkansas requires a separation on street cars in cities of the first class and South Carolina on suburban lines. In South Carolina and Alabama the State laws do not require the races to be separated on street cars in cities. In these tes there are either municipal laws for separation of races on street cars or the streei raflway cc nies provide for or re quire ~ separation cepting Mis souri, all Southern States have laws separating the races in railroac cars, (Our Washington Information Ru reau docs not take a vacation . on the job every day during the vear ansicering questions for our readers Its special service is to @mswer an question of faci on eny subject for any reader al any time. It is impos sible to make a complete enumeration of subjects giving an adequate idea of the scope and range in which the burcau can serve you. Its activities can only be summed up in the phrase “whatever you want to know.” Send in your question and get the right answer. Inclose a 2-cent stamp for return postage. Address The Rtar Information Bureau. Frederic ] Haskin, director. Washington, D. C.) | “One of the most important in the service” is the gist of Ameri- can thought on the death of Ambas sador Edgar A. Bancroft, who is credited with remarkable ability in dealing with the delicate situation in the Orient. He left a record in Ja- pan which in American public opin- ion marked him as a distinguished representative of the new school of diplomacy. A general demand is made for a successor of similar abil- ity to represent the country at Tokio. Respect “alike on the part of the zovernment und the people to whom he was accredited” was won by Am- bassador Bancroft s the San Fran- cisco Bulletin, which adds that his his service. though brief. did much to soothe irritations that of late yvears have tended to become chronic.” The Bulletin also calls attention to the fact that “the duties of our Ambassa dor to Japan are of exceptional im- portance, calling for all that any man may bring to it of courtesy and manly candor.” The requirements of the post also Impress the Fargo Forum, which states: “It requires an am. bassador of high character, of sound judgment and of constructive policies to deal with relations between the United States and Japan. Mr. Ban croft was such a man. It is too early to say what he had accom- plished specifically, but we do know that he had endeared himself to the Japanese people and that he was mak- ing headway in healing the wounds." * o ok * “As Nichi-Nichi of Tokio suggest- the San Antonio Express re- marks, “his very inexperience in dip- lomatic wavs may have been an asset to him. Ile went to his new post open-minded and with a clean sheet of paper. The resuits of one brief ear's work amply attest his success. rdial relations, not merely between the governments—as expressed In of- fictal protestations of amity—but be- tween the peoples, have been pro- moted wondertully. ‘Humiliation day’ failed for lack of popular sup- port. Ambassador Bancroft was win- ning over not only officialdom, but also the masses. The use of “his talents as a conciliator,” according to the Jackson Citizen-Patriot, “relieved a situation that might easily have de- veloped into something serious.” ft applied to the Japa- as the record is viewed by the Indianapolis News, “his talents as a conciliator and juriet, adhered to the principles of diplomatic cus- tom under the guidance of the em- bassy staff and contrived to relax a tension which might easily have led to distressing consequences,” Fur- ther credit is ziven by the Chicaga Dally News, because, as “a man: of great ability, of unfailing kindliness, he tirelessly performed volunteer tasks of good citizenship.” An added word of praise from the Néw York Times is that “it may be said that no 6ne could have better exemplified and personified the best that America has developed in her own culture and as- piration.” ¥k E o ““The chief purpose of enlightened diplomacy in these modern days is to make friends,” the Asheville Times points out, and “Ambassador Bancroft was a distinguished and effective ex- ment of this new school of diplo- matic thought and practice.” In the discussion of qualities re- quired of the successor to the post the Seattle: TFimes emphasizes the view that “it is essential that the Ambassa- dor should be more than'a diplomat; that he should be a man of outstand- ing capabilities, who could do some- thing constructive witl respect to onr rélations ‘with Japan.” The.need in Tokio is for a “strong. broad-minded. tactful Americin.” declares the Los Angeles Express, which believes that “only a blunder in diplomacy might be needed to throw Japanese-American re- Iations fnto 2 aificult and even dan- posts | “qualifications were exceptional and | | | i | | | | | Selection of New Envoy to Japan Is of Importance to Orient gerous tangie of misupderstanding and suspicion.” A demand for a man well versed in the affairs of the Far East” is voiced by the Springfield, Ma »ublican, which cites the faet tha uch a choice was made in the recent pointment as Minister to China of Mr. MacMurray, the State Depar ent’s leading specialist in that field.’ and continues: “While Chinese af fairs nowadays peculiarly call for ex pert knowledge of an intricate subject the position of Ambassador to Japan is not less important and needs a thor ough acquaintance with the whoie question of the Far Eas ok k o* “One of the most difficult and portant posts in the diplomatic service of the United States,” is the declar tion of the Jersey City Journal, whic) emphasizes the demand for “a svn pathetic understanding of Japanese sensitiveness.” “The new envov.” i1 the opinion, also, of the Columbus Dis patch, “must be able to take up this task where Mr. Bancroft laid it down and achieve his measure of success in carrying it on.” The post at Tokio says the Philadelphia Bulletin, offers a “notable opportunity for service 1o the country and to world peace.” The need of diplomatic experience appeals to the Knoxville Sentinel which contends that “if we are ever to get the diplomatic and consular service on a merit basis, now is the time to start and appoint to the .Ja anese post a man who has worked up through the diplomatic service.” A similar view is expressed by the Ohio State Journal: “The need for a trained diplomatic service, where men might feel assured of continuous stay, once they are developed and ready, is illus trated by the present situation. The large posts should be filled by promo tion.” “It is hoped,” the Providence Bulle tin remarks, “that the President will continue, in the choice of a new man at Tokio, the excellent practice of nam ing for important ambassadorial and consular posts officials who are par ticularly fitted for them by their ex perience in tbe foreign service and their knowledge of conditions in the countries to which they are sent.” e A Word of Prai To the Editor of The Star Permit me to thank you not only in the name of thousands of colored citi zeps in the District of Columbia, bui all over the United States for the ac count given in The Star of the alleged assault committed upon a white wom an by a colored man in Sligo, Md.. 2 few days ago. The Star gave a calm plain statement of the facts, as thev Svere reported, and did not try to cite a riot in or near the National Capital by flaming, glaring headlines announcing that enraged citizens were searching for the assailant of this woman. Such headlines have been responsi ble for many lynchings, in which in nocent colored men have been burned at the stake, flayed alive and shot to death. Wittingly or unwittingly, the press of this country has done much to stir up and perpetrate racial strife. The crimes committed by colored peo. ple strike the public in the face with their glaring headlines, while their good - deeds appear in some incon spicuous place in fine print. It is refreshing and encouraging fo see a newspaper as just and fa all its citizens without regard to 4 color, ‘creed or sex as is The Even- ing Star. And I know of no. better illustration of this fact than the state- ment of the alleged assault committed ‘apon & white woman by a_colored man, who is now known to be abse tutely; innocent of the crime. MARY CHURCH TERRELL. Honorary President of the National Assoclation ‘gt Colored Women.