Evening Star Newspaper, July 4, 1925, Page 4

] COOLIDGE URGE. S OLD WORLD TO SEEK RENEWED GOOD FAITH Speaking at Washington Anniversary, President De- clares Support of America Depends Upon Policy of Mutual Understanding. By the Associated Press. CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July text of President Coolidge’s speech at the 150th anniversary of the assump- tion of command of the Continental Army by n. George Washington Wwas us follows: After 150 anniversaries repeatedly observed, followed during the last three months by intensive celebration, in this neighborhood where it had its beginnings, the American Revolution should be fairly well understood, If it needs any justification, if it needs any pralse, it is enough to say that its’ product is America. It ought to be unnecessary on this occasion to dwell very much on that event and its yet more remarkable results. But no great movement in the progress of mankind has ever been accomplished without the guidance of an Inspired leadership. Of this accepted truth there is no more pre-eminent example than that which was revealed by the war which made this country inde- pendent. Wherever men love liberty, wherever they believe in patriotism wherever they exalt high character, by universal consent they turn to the name of George V shington. No occa sion could be conceived more worthy more truly and comprehensively Amer- ican than that which is chosen to commemorate this divinely appointed aptain. The contemplation of his life and work will forever strengthen our faith in our country and in our coun- try’s God. hose men who have taken great parts in the world are commonly ranked by posterity according to their accomplishments while living, and the permanent worth of the monu- ments representing their achievements which remain after ther are gone. By this standard I think we may re- gard George Washingto™as the first lay citizen of the world of all time. He was one in whom tfe elements of greatness were so evenly blended, so accurarely proportioned, that his char- acter has well-nigh defled analysis. Others have created wider commotion and deeper impression in the hour of their eminence. But we shall hardly find one who in his own day achieved 80 much as Washington and left his work so firmly established that po: terity, generation after generation, can only increase its tributes to his ability, his wisdom, his patriotism and his rounded perfection in the char- acter of a Christian citizen Inspired Many Testimonials. No figure in profane history has inspired so many testimonies of ad- miration. The highest eloquence, the most profound sincerity, have been invoked to picture him as the very sum of public capacities and civic vir- tues. No pride of race or country has even attempted to set up rivals to him. Envy and malice have stood re- buked in the presence of his towering form. There is no language of litera- ture and culture which does not boast among its adornments noble eulogies of the work and character of Wash- ington. Although, as history reckons its periods, it is but a little time since he passed from the stage of life, he has been claimed, wherever men struggle and aspire, as the possession of all humanity, the first citizen of all the ages. So he must be a strangely bold and self-confident eulogist who would at- tempt even on such an occasion as this to add anything to the total of affection, admiration and reverence which has been reared as the true memorial of Washington. It is im- possible for us to add to or take from the estimate which has been fixed by the generations of the world. § But if the pre-eminent place of Washington is thus established be- yond possibility of change at hands, it is only the more desirable that on this anniversary we should come here to do our reverence and to seek replenishment of the inspiration which is always to be drawn from consideration of his life and works. To the people of the Republic whose existence is due to his leadership, his life is the full and finished teaching of citizenship. To others, who may claim him only by virtue of the right of humanity to be heir to all the ages, his story is replete with example and admonition peculiarly applicable to the problems of the world and its peoples in these times. Was More Than Soldier. We have come here because this day 2 century and a half ago, and in this plac command of the armies of the col- onies. His feet trod this soil. Here was his headquarters. Here was his place of worship. Our first view, therefore, is of Washington the soldier. But he was indeed so much more than the soldier, his talents were so many and so perfectly pro- portioned, that it is impossible to study him in any one of his capacities, to the exclusion of the others. In him, we find also a marvelous instinct for statecraft, supporting and sus- taining an equal genius for camp and field. We see, moreover, the qualities of a eat v 1 of business, which he brings to serve the vast task of or- ganizing and equipping his armies. We find him on one day writing a noble and eloquent rebuke to a commander of the King's forces who was bent on waiving the laws of civilized warfare; and on another, counsels of patriotism, energy and executive sense to the Continental Congress and the provincial legisla tures. In everything he was called to be the leader. In everything his leedership wrought results which com- pletely vindicated the confidence re- posed in him. The complaint has been many times uttered that Washington was so nearly a paragon of abilities and vir- tues that it is impossible to see through the aura of perfections to the real, simple, human man. But there is a phase of Washington's career which, fully studied and un- derstood, will give us the picture of him as one of the most human men in history. To inform ourselves of this human side, we need only to know of the long years of arduous preparation which preceded the his- toric event which took place here 150 years ago today. From his earliest manhood, Wash- 's life had been a part of great Many of those affairs were greater and more significant than he himself, or indeed anybody else, could possibly have realized at the time. He had come up through a schooling of strangely mingled ad- versities und successes. He had de- voted hard and_disappointing years to activities which resulted, aside from the training which he derived, in little more than hopeless futilit'as. Nobody can know the real Wash- ington, the man Washington, with- out studying closely his services to the Virginia Colony and the Bwtish crown, during the years immediately preceding and covering the old French War. Here we see him as a young man, in whom the combination or rare and remarkable parts is most easily discerned. . We find him, at times, hot-headed and impetous, al- ways - intensely impatient with in- competency in places of authority. Always Won Confidence. From the beginning we discover a speclal genius for commanding the respect and attention of older men. ‘When hardly more than a boy he was chosen for a responsible-and difficult mission to the French on the western ftrontier, This mission brought him 4.—The | our | Washington formally assumed | addressing compelling | in contact with an important French officer who reported to his govern- ment that this young man was likely to make more trouble for French in- | terests in America than any 50 other people. That observation was more | profound than its maker could have realized. Washington had been sent with a small force, as the emissary of Gov. Dinwiddie of Virgin notify the French that their ageres- sions in the upper Ohio territory were occasion of deep concern to the British colonies and must cease. It was the wish of Washington and his uperiors that the message be deliv- ered without bringing about any clash at arms. But events decreed otherwise, and a skirmish took place in the wilderness in which a number of men were killed and wounded, among them a French officer of some rank and importance. It is deeply suggestive of the destiny which had marked Washington that this back- woods brush at arms should have sioned the first bloodshed in that long series of wars which was to drench the Western World for near {two generations, and did not end un- til the downfall of Napoleon From the day of that clash in the western forests of Pennsylvania, pre- cipitated by the determination of Washington to execute his mission, the seven years' warawas a foregone conclusifon.” Washington was de- nounced in France as a murderer, a man-eating freebooter of the wilds. In England his boldness and determina- tion won him a good deal of reputa- tion. In the Colonies there was much difference of opinion. for the time be- ing, whether his course was justified or had brought the country face to face with the possibility of a dis- astrous struggle. At any rate, from that day until the downfall of Napoleon at Water- loo, there was no peace in either Eu- rope or America, save for brief periods which represented little more than temporary truces. Doubtless that long and fearful series of conflicts was inevitable. Whether it was or not, the facts of history show Wash- ington, a youth of 22, as the com mander whose order proved the torch to set a world on fire. From that hour, responsible men in both Britain and France realized that there could be no lasting peace until those coun- trles had fought the duel which should determine the supremac one or the other in the New World There was not room for both. So came the ‘Seven Years' War and the establishment of British domina- tion in North America. A little came the American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. One can but wonder what might have been the reflections of Washington, if he could have imagin- ed on that Nly morning of 1754, when he resolved that he must fight, if he could have known the train of events that would follow upon his determina- tion. But such conjecture is of little value. To us there is more of im- mediate interest in the curious co- incidence that the skirmish for pos- session of Fort Necessity took place on July 3, 1754, exactly 21 years be. fore the day when Washington in this place assumed command of the Conti- nental Army And those 21 years, as Washington lived them, constituted a fitting pro- bation for the career that awaited him. The echoes of the little bat- tle of Fort Necessity reverberated throughout the American Colonies and the European courts as if it had been cement of Titans. Its political were tremendous. It made Washington a marked man through- out the colonies and give him a real European reputation. His part in the Braddock expedi- tion, though vastly better . known, probably had less €ffect in forming his character or directing his career than his expedition to Fort Necessity. Neverthless, his reputation was fur- ther increased by his conduct in the Braddock campaign. But that heroic eplsode was followed by a long and disappointing experience as head of the Virginia forces defending the western frontier. He saw little of satisfying service during this period. But he learned the supreme impor- tance of organization and preparation in connection with military opera- tions. In the end it was his privi- |1ege to lead his Virginians to the oc- | cupation of Fort Pitt, when it was finally surrendered by the French. But the real campaign for control of the Ohio Valley was made frem the north by Gen. Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham rather than from Virginia, and Washington found his part in it disappointingly small. ‘Was Man of Wisdom. ot only the Braddock campaign of 1765, but his earlier operations, both diplomatic and military, on the upper Ohio, marked him as a man of cau- tion, sagacity and wisdom in plan- ning and conducting military opera- tions. At the same time they showed him.as the intrepid and fearless fight- ing soldier in the hours of action. One thing that Washington learned during the French War must have contributed greatly to form his opin- ions about relations between Britain and the Colonies. He was brought to realize that the form of colonial gov- ernment, with which bitter experi- ence made him so familiar, could not long satisfy the people of the larger, wealthier and fast-growing Colonies. With Washington, the idea of sub- | stantial freedom iong preceded that lof independence. Like most of the [ colonial youth, he hoped that a more {enlightened policy in London and a more sympathetic execution of it by | the royal governors might compose the growing differences. During the troublous epoch between the French | War and the Revolution he thought | deeply of these matters, and his cor- | respondence gives evidence of the | growing impression that a contest | must come. He followed the develop- | ment of events in Massachusetts with |a close and understanding concern. | His writings and occasional public pronouncements during this period {show him acutely anxious that the Colonies should present a united front when the test came. One in his po- sition of leadership, authority and in- dependent fortune, living as a Vir- ginia gentleman, might easily enough have felt that the troubles of the Massachusetts Bay colony had small concern for him. High churchman, conformist in most things, enjoying excellent repute in England and with English officials in America, his in- fluence might logically enough have been thrown to the royalists. Yet, as early as the Spring of 1769, he wrote declaring: “Our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the deprivation of American freedom * * *” And, in- quiring what could be done to ayert such a calamity, he added: “That no man should scruple or hesitate a mo- ment to use arms in defense of so valuable a blessing is clearly my opin- ion. Yet, arms, I would beg to add, should be the last resource.” A little later, in that same year, Washington, at a public meeting, offered a non- importation resolution and secured its adoption. Wanted United Views. In short, it is plain that he was anxious to keep the sentiment of the Southern Colonies fully in step and sympathy “with the attitude of the New England patriots, who at the mowent, were bearing the brunt of THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, JULY 4, 1925. [the struggle for colonial rights. Seem- | him’ that the Colonies must prepare [for the harshest eventualities. At & meeting of the citizens of his county he helped draft a petition and re- monstrance to the King, which con- cluded with the ominous words, “From our soverelgn there cam be but one' appeal.” Such a declaration, coming from one whose repute was high in all the Colonies, and who was begin- ning to speak with the voice of some- thing like authority for the Southern communities, could not fail to strengthen the_arm and purpose of the New Englanders. The selection of Washington to com- mand the Continental Armies has, T think, been too much attributed to his high military repute and too little to the fact that he had long taken the view of a true statesman regarding the impending crisis. The fact is that he had all along seen the struggle as a continental and national one. He realized that Massachusetts could not win alone, nor could New England. In helping to set up the committee of correspondence, in molding the senti- ment of Virginia, in his service as member of the Continental Congress, the ideal of a firm and whole-hearted union “of all the Colonies was plainly fundamental. Repeatedly, in his writ- ings, even long before the struggle had seriously suggested the possibil- itv of war, he used the phrase, “our country,” 'giving it an application vastly broader than the domain or concerns of any single Colony. He was among the first to see the vision of an American Nation. No other man so early grasped certain phys- ical and geographic arguments which urged nationality as inevitable. Had Learned Country. In this, his engineering training, to- mether with his intimate knowlédge of the topography of the Ohio and Po- tomac Valleys, had an fmportant part. As a young surveyor he realized the importance of that break through the Allegheny system which these two valleys mark. Many years later he pointed out its strategic importance in connection with the defense and unity of the Colonles fronting the At- lantic. Before the Ohio was much more than a myth to most people, even in Virginia, Washington saw that the Ohlo basin must be con- trolled by the Colonies if they were to be secure. Thus it was that a complete and clear vision of all the arguments for national unity was due to the many- sidedness of the Washington mind. He saw it as politician, as statesman, as military man, as engineer. With- out such a grasp of all the elements, he could not have taken the states manly and essentially nationa] view of the problem before hostilities be- gan. Nor could he have dealt effec- tively with its military aspects during the war. He possessed one of those rarely i!'ndu\l\’td) minds which not only recognize all the factors, but assign to_each its proper weight. He was in truth a consummate poll. tician. When he went to the sittings of the Continental Congress, wearing his Virginia uniform of buff and blue, some were inclined to ridicule the dis. play of military predilection. They accused him of swashbuckling, and pointed to his uniform as equivalent to announcement of his candidacy for commander-in-chief. In the first, they were utterly wrong; in the second, quite probably right. That uniform, when he presided over the commit. tees on military preparation, could hardly have been construed as mean- ing anvthing other than its wearer realized what was ahead and was will- ing to force some part of that realiza- tion on others. Compares With Adams. I suppose if we were to pick any two men out of that gathering, to be set down as something other than politicians, Washington and sturdy old John Adams would be well toward the top in the polling. Though they ap- proached the matter from utterly dif- ferent angles, they were both led by the sagacity of great politicians to the same conclusion. To both, the crisls was essentially national. A nation must be created to deal with it. The army before Boston must be |taken over by the Congress as a na. tional army. ~ There must be a com- mander-in-chief, supreme in the mili- tary field. All this we look back upon as fllumined statesmanship. But states- manship is nothing more than good, sound politics, tested and proved. That is what it was when John Adams con- cefved the great strategy of calling a man of the South to the chiet com- !mand. A more provincial man might have dreamed of Massachusetts, aided by the other Colonies, taking and hold- ing the lead and garnering the lion’s share of glory. But Adams was planning in terms of a nation, not of provinces; and Washington had for years been writing of “‘our country.” So Washington put on his uniform in testimony of his readiness for what- ever might happen, and Adams, after some period of misgivings, set about convincing the delegates trom New England and the middle Colonies that there must be a nation, and a na- tional army, with a commander-in- chief, and that must be Washington. It was a stroke of political genius that Adams, soul of Puritanic ideal- ism, should have moved the adoption of the army by Congress and the selection of Washington as comman- der-in-chief. The selection was made without a dissenting vote, though it is not true to say that Washington was unanimously preferred. Already there were clashing ambitions and divergent community interests. But Adams saw, and made others see, the peculiar reasons that urged Washington. The middle Colonies, dominated by their landed aristocracies, had much in com- mon with the social and economic system of the South. To them Wash- ington meant the enlistment of prop- erty, substance and eminent respec- tability. In presenting his name to the Congress, Adams described him in terms which seem prophetic, and on which we can hardly improve: “A gentleman. whose skill and experience as an officer, whose independent for- tune, great talents and excellent uni- versal character would command the approbation of all America and unite the cordial exertions of all the Colo- nies better than any other person in the Union.” Let it be set down to the glory of Massachusetts that John Adams made George ~Washington commander-in- chief of the Continental Armies and John Marshall Chief Justiée of the United States. Destiny could have done no more. Took Over Army. Immediately after his selection | Washington set out from Philadelphia for Boston. On the way he received first tidings of the battle of .Bunker Hill, which had been fought two days after he was named commander. He inquired eagerly about the behavior of the continental troops. and when he learned how splendidly they had fought against the British regulars he quietly declared that the liberties of the country were safe. In that anxious hour the battle of 20 years earlier in the Pennsylvania woods, wherein his Virginia militia had saved Braddock’s regulars from destruction, no doubt was near the top of his mind. To be assured that the raw levies of New England were capable of behaving just as well in 1775 as his Virginians had done in 1755 must have been intensely reassuring. Knowing the story of the Revolu- tion as we do, we can not doubt that the historic event which took place here 150 vears ago today marked one of its crises. Even with Washington, the struggle was well night lost at several periods. Of course, the ulti- mate separation of the Colonies from the mother country was inevitable. Had the Revolution of 1775 failed, as it must have failed without Washing- ton, there would have been harsh and vindictive reprisals. Nobody can read the arrogant pronouncements of Lord North's government or the still more a; nt Jetters of GeneraFyGage to Wasi and avoid con that {ingly, the Boston port bill convinced ! can military representatives would have vied with each other in efforts to estrange the Colonies. Such a policy would have: established tradl- tions of animosity that would have kept the struggle alive even after a |- nominal peace. In the end separa- tion would have come. But it might have been delayed through many re- | currences of turbulence and struggle. It was vastly to the good of both the mother country and the Colonles that, the conflict being once begun, i* was brought to a decisive conclusion Victory Helped Britain. g There is another reason why the final victory of the Colonies was im- portant to the world. It was just as necessary for the maintenance of the British Empire as for the proper de- velopment of the American commu- nity. 1 believe this view is now gen- erally accepted by British students as well as Americans. We may be sure that it was in the mind of the great Chatham, who had laid the founda- tions of 'the British Empire in the Seven Years’ War. If there was a man in all that realm who might well have been given attention when the Ameri- can crisis was developing ,that man was Chatham. He had found Britain weak and had bulilt it into strength. He had well-nigh made the whole North American Continent British. He had re-established the empire and ex- tended it in many directions. Yet Chatham knew that Lord North's poli- ces would surely cost the loss of the American dominion. Emerging from a long political retirement, defying the doctors he hated and the King he had served, the grand old man hurried down to the House of Lords to pro- nounce his alleglance to the cause of the Colonies. “When your lordships, sald he, “look at the papers transmit- ted to us from America; when you con- sider their decency, their firmness, their wisdom, you can not but respect their cause and wish to make it your own.” That decency, firmness and wisdom were in no small part George Washington. A Chatham knew what it had been to build an empire; he would not see it thrown away without having his pro- test heard. He spoke the voice of liberalism in England; but the King and his ministers had no ear for such counsels. They had fixed their course and could not be swerved. Made Cause National. Washington's assumption of the command gave the colonial cause an effective national character. Had he not possessed the genius and the wower to impress others with that con- ception, it is hardly conceivable that disaster could long have been post- poned. He found himself in command of an unorganized, undisciplined, un- provisioned and unmunitioned body of some 14,000 militia, opposing an army of 11,000 regulars shut up in Boston and supported by a naval power that completely commanded the seas. Washington was called first to make an army, then to drive his enemy out of Boston, and then to meet attack at whatever point along the coast the enemy might choose. Where many others, quite as sincere in their pa- triotism, fondly imagined that the evacuation of Boston would move the London government to make peace, he was convinced that it would be little more than the beginning. For the long struggle he foresaw, he had to pre- pare, not only by creating an army but by convincing the civil authority and the people that he must have the utmost measure of their support and co-operation. So we find him, Imme- diately upon assuming his command, dividing his time between military tasks and the writing of endless letters to the leaders of the Congress, to the provincial assemblies, to men of im- portance everywhere, designed to im- press them with the enormity of the coming struggle. This is not the time or place for a review of Washington's military career. Yet there are phases of that career which I am never able to pass over without a word of wonder and admiration because of some of the ex- ploits which it includes. Trenton Campaign Praised. It is recorded that a few evenings after the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown a banquet was given by Washington and his staff to the British éommander and his staff. One likes to contemplate the sportsman- ship of that function. Amiabilities and good wishes were duly exchanged, and finally Lord Cornwallis rose to present his compliments to Washing- ton. There had been much talk of past campaigning experiences, and Cornwallis, turning to Washington, ex- pressed the judgment that when his- tory’'s verdict was made up “the brigh- test garlands for your excellency will be gathered, not from the shores of the Chesapeake, but from the banks of the Delaware.” We may fairly assume that Cornwallis, In the fullness of a very personal experience, was qualified to judge. Washington had outgeneraled and defeated him both on the banks of the Delaware and the shores of the Chesapeake. In giving the laurels to the Trenton-Princeton campaign, he expressed not only his own judgment, but the estimate which was afterwards pronounced by Fred- erick the Great, who declared that the Trenton-Princeton campaign was the most brilliant military performance of the century. For myself, without pre- tense of military wisdom, the light- ning-like stroke of Trenton and Prince- ton in its supreme audacity and ideal execution has always seemed the most perfectly timed combination of mili- tary genius and political wisdom that we find in the records of warfare. On the other hand, much can be urged to support the claim that York- town was the most brilllant campaign of Washington. With an army on the point of disintegration, he was almost utterly unable to get supplies and transport. Yet, he managed to withdraw his forces from before New York and get them well on the way to Virginia before his enemy seriously suspected ‘his design. It was a miracle of military skill, diplomacy and determination, to effect on the Virginia peninsula that consolidation of forces from South and North, along with the French army and fleet, at precisely the right moment. The es. sence of strategy is to divide the forces of the enemy and defeat’ them in detail; and there are few cam- paigns which show a commander ac- complishing this through operations covering so extended a territory and involving so many dificulties. Faced Trouble at Yorktown. In the Yorktown campaign we see all the varied elements of Washing: ton’'s genius at work. He had to deal at once with an inert Congress that was threatening at this critical mo- ment actually to reduce the Army, He had to find supplies and money or get along without them. In part he did one, in part the other. He had to ef- fect a junction of widely separated forces and to maintain secrecy to the last moment. Everything must be done within a period of time so short that it might well have made success appear utterly impossible, because he could not count 'on the peration of the French for, a longer period. All these things he accomplished. Ac- complishing them, he won the war, as in the campaign of Trenton and Princeton he had saved the Revolu- tion. No man could have rendered his service to the Revolution who was not both a soldier and statesman. He understood, and he never underesti- mated, the political bearings of every move. 4 - ‘When he retired to Mount Vernon, ‘Washington entered upon a new phase of his career. He had won the war but he was a man of peace. His experience as commander-in-chief had completely convinced him that the form of government under the Con- tederation could not possibly serve the necessities of the country. It is not possible here to outline the discourage- ments which “threatened the country with all manner of disasters. Wash- ington, as the most influential citizen, ok ihe Ganstitudian conyenion. o€ Dr. Bernard F. O’Toole’s Discoveries In African Jungles Are Revealed Deputy Federal Game Warden, Connected With Bu- reau of Biological Survey, Traversed 30,000 Miles of Sudan Country in Nine Months. Dr. Bernard F. O'Toole of Thur- mont, Md., a deputy Federal game warden connected with the Bureau of Blological Survey, has just returned from a nine-month hunting trip in the African jungles, during which he followed almost the exact reverse of the route covered by Theodore Roose- velt, he told his assocfates in the bu- reau on reporting back to duty. Dr. O'Toole, who is a frequent visi- tor in Washington, traveled approxi mately 30,000 miles, covering sections of the Sudan, Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya and Kongo provinces. In the Kordofan desert, he said, he found a tribe of human beings who ralse cat- tle, but only to drink the blood, re- fusing to eat the beef. Natives’' Customary Food. The customary food of these natives, he reported, is lizard, snake, toad and dog meat. He trekked across the country 600 miles from the Kordofan to the East Kongo bordeer, where the found himself in the sleeping-sickness area. In this region he killed two elephants. Another trip took him into the Tturi province, the home of the African pigmies, a supposedly savage race, but whom he found pleasant and talkative, although some- what resentful that a white man should enter their province. In the headquarters of the Sobat River, he said, he found many cases of sleeping sickness, and was obliged to leave to avoid danger of infection. He has brought back a collection of tsetse flies, the carriers of sleeping sickness, in solution. Gathered Anthropological Data. Dr. O'Toole gathered anthropolog- ical data on the natives of the differ- ent provinces. He entered Africa alone, depending upon natives hired on the ground for such help as he needed. He encountered, he says, sev- eral hunting expeditions, among them that of the Duke of York. _— 1787, and the establishment of a real nation. That task he took up early, and to it he devoted an energy and a wisdom that were altke amazing. It was quite natural that he should be chosen to preside over the constitu tional convention. When its work was done, his influence was one of the chief forces to bring about ratifi- cation. After that, there was none to question that he ‘must be the first President under the new regime. None Can Appreciate Him. Perhaps no character in history has been subjected to more close study or sympathetic analysis than that of Washington. The volume of His writ- ings which have been left to us is enormous. Moreover, from earliest manhood his life was lived almost con- tinuously under intense public obser- vation. It is, therefore, remarkable that biographers and eulogists should be so generally accused of failing to glve us a satisfying picture of him. The fault, however, is not his, but theirs. The explanation is that no biographer has possessed, and prob- ably none ever will possess, the full rounded measure of qualification to appreciate, to understand, to appot tion, and to weigh all .the elements that made this man. Unfortunately, a vast myth was early built around Washington, difficult to avoid, and not even vet entirely dissipated. Among his biographers and eulogists some have seen first and most admiringly the great soldier. Some have been most engaged with him as the statesman-politician, dealing with great affairs from day to day as cir cumstances demanded. Others have devoted themselves particularly to portraying him as the constructive stu dent of government and builder of in- stitutions. Still others have found their first inspiration in his work a wise, firm and discriminatidg ad- ministrator. Volumes have been written, and they are exceedingly interesting vol- umes, on Washington as a pioneer of modern scientific agrictulure. It is interesting to recall that in their tastes for agriculture Washington and his great antagonist, King George 111, stood on a common ground. Who- ever cares to familiarize himself with this particular detail in the careers of Washington and the king will find that these two might in other circum- stances have been the best of friends. For both were devoted admirers and supporters of Arthur Young, the famous English traveler and agricul- tural authority. In the last year or two before the beginning of the French Revolution Young traveled extensively throughout France. He kept a journal of his observations and experiences that has since been inval- uable to whoever wished to know conditions in the France of that time. Besides all this, Arthur Young was almost the founder of the mod- ern science and technique of ad- vanced agriculture. He wrote and published voluminously on such sub- Jects as rotation of crops, scientific fertilization, farm drainage, the breeding of live stock, the growing of plants and many other subjects which are now commonplaces. King George became interested in his work and turned over to him some farms of the royal domain to be conducted as the earliest agricultural experi- ment’ stations. Urged Experiments. Young published an agricultural journal devoted to his theories and experiments, and to it Washington became a subscriber. This led him into a correspondence with Young. which seems to have been quite ex- tended. Convinced that the Young program_represented much of value to American agriculture, Washington offered to set aside one of his farms, to be managed by English expert if Young would enlist them. Appa: ently nothing finally came of this proposal, but the fact that it was made, and serlousiy considered, shows how near Washington and King George came to an Intimate associa- tion for the betterment of agriculture Indeed, inside of two years after the end of the Revolution Washington appealed to Young to buy and ship to him an invoice of agricultural imple- ments and seeds with which Wash- ington desired to experiment. On in- vestigation Young discovered that British law forbade these exports. So he went to the minister for home af- fairs, Lord Grenville, and pleaded for permission to send them. It was im- mediately granted, and by the cour- tesy of the British government the entire order was filled. The incident is an interesting indication of the lib- eral disposition manifested, so soon after the war, by leading men of both countries. It is a pleasant thing to be priv- ileged to recall on an occasion like this such a bit of evidence touching the underlying community of inter- est between the old kingdom and the new republic in matters of common concern and human advancement. Washington was the last person to harbor resentments; and in this and other instance he more than once found his former enemies ready to |meet him half way. As we look back now on a century and more of un- interrupted peace between the two nations, we cannot but feel that such peace and the long period of inter- national co-operation which it has made possible have been in no small part a testimony to the generous willingness of all men everywhere to recognize as the first citizen of the world him who has been so long ac- claimed as the first American. It had been my expectation to con- fine my address to Gen. Washington and leave the stately and solemn grandeur of this great figure as the sole subject for the thought of those who might hear me. I shall not enter into the vain speculation of what he might do if he were living today. Yet his farewell address shows conclusively that he hoped to be able to lay down certain principles of con- duct for his fellow countrymen which would be of advantage to them so long as the Nation into which he had wrought his life might endure. No doubt_he knew the whole world would hear him. He had seen the life of the soldier in time of war and after that of the statesman in time of peace. He had an abiding faith in honesty. He believed mightily in his fellow men. The vigor with which he insisted on the prosecution of war was no less than the vigor with which he insisted on the observance lof peace. He cherished no resent- | ments, he harbored no hatreds, he forgave his enemies. He felt the same obligation to execute the terms |of a treaty made for the benefit of a former foe that he felt to require the observance of those made for the benefit of his own country. He real- ized that peace could be the result only of mutual forbearance and mu- tual good faith. He harmonized the divergent and conflicting interests of different na- tionalities' and different colonial gov- ernments by conference and agree- ment. He demonstrated by his argu- ments, and our country has demon- strated by experience, that more progress can be made by co-operation than by conflict. To agree quickly with your adversary always pays. Cannot Outgrow Principles. The world has not outgrown, it can | never outgrow, the absolute necessity for conformity to these eternal princi- ples. T want to see America assume a leadership among the nations in the reliance upon the good faith of man- kind. I do not see how civilization can expect permanent progress on any other theory. If what is saved in the productive peace of today is to be lost in the destructive war of tomorrow, the people of this earth can look for: ward to nothing but everlasting servi- tude. There is no justification for hope. This was not the conception which Washington had of life. If the people of the Old World are mutually distrustful of each other let them enter into mutual covenants for their mutual security, and when such covenants have been made let them be solemnly observed no matter what the sacrifice. They have settled the far more difficult problems of repara- tions, they are in process of funding their debts to us, why can they not agree on permanent terms of peace and fully re-establish international faith and credit? If there be differ- ences which cannot be adjusted at the moment, if there be conditions which cannot be foreseen, let them be re- solved in the future by methods of arbitration and by the forms of judicial determination. While our own country should re- frain from making political commit- ments where it does not have political interests, such covenants would al- ways have the moral support of our Government and could not fail to have the commendation of the public opinion of the world. Such a course would be sure to endow the partici- pating nations with an abundant ma- terial and spiritual reward. On what other basis can there be any en- couragement for a disposition to at- tempt to finance a revival of Europe? The world has tried war with force and has utterly failed. The only hope of success lies in peace with justice. No other principle conforms to the teaching of Washington; no other standard is worthy of the spirit of America; no other course makes so much promise for the regeneration of the world. COOLIDGE TO TAKE FIRST TRIP TO SEA IN DUAL CELEBRATION (Continued from First Page.) could not fail to have the commenda- tion of the public opinion of the world. “Such a course would be sure to endow the participating nations with an abundant material and spiritual “STANDARD" GASOLINE reward. On what other bases can there be any encouragement for a disposition to attempt to finance a revival of Europe?” President Leads Parade. President and Mrs. Coolidge were accompanied fromi Swampscott by United States Senafior Butler of Mas- sachusetts, and Searetary and Mrs. Sanders. As the President's automo- bile turned into the boulevard skirt- ing the Charles river a salute of 21 guns was fired by an artillery unit. ‘The President was firat taken to the Walker Memorial Buikiing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy, for a brief rest. Then he enter- ed a touring car with the top down for the ride at the head af a lengthy parade through cheering lanes of peo- ple along Massachusetts avenue, past the Cambridge city hall, along the Harvard College campus and on to the reviewing stand at the edge of the Common, across the street from the famous Christ Church. In the reviewing stand Mr. and Mrs. Coolidge were joined by Gov. Alvin T. Fuller of Massachusetts, Mayor Quinn of Cambridge and Mayor Cugley of Boston. The porcession took more than an hour to pass the stand. Mllitary units were followed by floats depicting important events in American history and by a wide range of city and fraternal organizations. Plays Old School Song. One of the 50 bands in the parade, marching at the head of a body of Elks, stopped in front of the review- ing stands to play ‘“Lord Geoffrey Amherst,” the school song of the President’s alma mater. This brought a smile from the President. He also enjoyed the antics of a negro drum major and the appearance in the pa- rade of a dilapidated one-horse shay. As the parade was passing, the air- ship Shenandoah poked her nose above the horizon and eased her way over the common. The President went from the review- ing stand through a tremendous press of people, who swarmed in to get a glimpse of him, to the fiearby speak- ers' stand. He was introduced by Mayor Quinn after a short pageant depicting the scene when Washington took charge of the colonial forces had been staged and a group of Cambridge school children had sung several songs, in which Mrs. Coolidge, seated by the President’s side, joined. As the parade was getting under way the President's party became separated, the confusion being increas- ed by an attempt by mounted National Guard officers to put several automo- biles of city officials ahead of some of the cars which had brought the Presidential party from Swampscott. One lieutenant excitedly flourished a sabre in the faces of some of the President’s companions, while a pri- vate, obeying an order of a superior, drew a pistol to shoot the tire of one of the automobiles. ed by a more collected corporal. Immediately after his address the President returned to Swampscott. PROBE IS ORDERED. Governor Demands Inquiry into Near Accident to Mrs. Coolidge. BOSTON, Mass., July 4 (#).—Com- missioner of Public Safety Alfred F. Foote announced last night that a rigid investigation would be made to- morrow Into the near accident to Mrs. Coolidge, wife of the President, who narrowly escaped injury by the motor- cycles of four State constables near White Court yvesterday morning. It was learned that Gov. Alvan T. Fuller had ordered the investigation. As a result of the incident it was expected that orders would be issued for all vehicles entering Littles Point road to come to a dead stop at the corner. Catches 43-Inch Eel. Special Dispatch to The Star. DANVILLE, Va., July 4.—Edward Hill, a negro living in Caswell County, fishing in County Line Creek, caught an eel measuring 43 inches. Several persons aided in landing the eel “Houses are built to live in and not to look on.”—Bacon. UILT primarily venience in living in them, they are also beautiful to look on, with brick fronts, wide English porches and green grass plots—these Warren-built 6-Room Brick Homes Seventh and Hamlin Sts. N.E. Hardwood Floors, Tiled Bath, Buil and Built-in $7,975 Trolley via N. Capitol st. and Michigan ax then three squares south on 7th to these houses W Merp Refrigerator Payable 10% Cash 925 Fifteenth Street Phone Main 9770 JuLYy FOURTH In Your Business He was restrain. | $1,000,000 INTEREST CLASSED AS INCOME Joseph Leiter's Payment to Fa- ther's Estate in Coal Deal Allotted to Heirs. By the Associated Pre: CHICAGO, July 4.—A million dol- lars, which Joseph Leiter paid the es tate of his father, Levl Z. Leiter, as interest on the purchase price of Franklin County coal mines, which he bought from the estate, was held yes- terday to be income and ordercd di vided among the Leiter children. . The finding, by the Cook County ides Joseph Leiter, sters, Lady ) ' of Suffolk and Berk; toria Curzon and Mr Colin-Campbell These four heirs receive only the income from the estate, as the will Nancy Carver | provided the principal should be held intact until the last of the direct hefrs dies, whereupon it among their heirs. Mrs. Colin-Campbell joined her brother in the suit, opposition to it coming from representatives of grand children of Levi Z. Leiter. Judge D. E. Sullivan instructed the counsel for the minor heirs to appeal to the Supreme Court, in order that the status of the estate might be cleared beyond further question DETROIT RAILWAYS FACING FORECLOSURE Failure of Stockholders to Sub- scribe Amount of Mortgage to Bring Action 5 to be devided By the Associated Press. DETROIT, July 4—Forclosure prot ceedings against the Detroit U: Railway will probably be next week, accordin, today by company closure is expecte action of stockholders in failing subscribe in suf! mount proposed $8,000,000 general me bond 1 Intere: company’s July 1. Althoug about $660,000 in c d _ag that time, it was deemed inadvisable ¢ to pay the interest charges on any except the consolidated 4 bonds sold to the city of Detroit. The_Central Union Trust Co. of New York is holding $500,000 ordl- narily to be applied to sinking funf payments on the bonds to e useds for the prorata benefit of the bond holders. sh CALIFORNIAN ELECTED. Dr. Larue Named Head of Ameri- can Osteopathy Society. TORONTO, Ontario, July 4 (#).—Dr. Charles M. Larue of Los Angeles, re. cently of Columbus, Ohio, was elected sident of the American Osteopathy jety of Ophthalmology Oto- laryngology an Dr. d Moore of Chi Jerome M. V Newark, ) retiring presi James D. Edwards, St. Louis, were elected trustees for ree and Dr. John B. Buchler of Los les for two years Dr. T. J. Ruddy, Los Angele: elected editor and Dr. Cl. Cincinnati, was electec the committee on men Dr treasurer. The by world's approval conscience’s disapprova for comfort and con- their gray Garag $67.50 Monthly e. 1o Monroe st., N Evening Phones Col. 5335 and Cleve. 1933 HEN your plant or office shuts down and you turn out to celebrate the big- gest day on the national calendar, why not make its sigrificance personal as well as patriotic by utilizing the thoroughly up-to-date service of this strong bank? It is your best ally in at- taining a complete independence in the financial side of your business dealings. Come in and let’s see how we can help you. The Washington Loan & Trust Co. Downtown Bank Resources Over 900 F Street West End Branch $16,000,000.00 618 17th Street JOHN B. LARNER, President