Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR _ With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY ...July 3, 1925 ‘Editor THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11y ¢ P Boamoivants Ave st ey g wog Tork Gl TR m Ao hitars OMcs: Tower h Buropean Office E'a'n Regeot St.. London, heland: The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- Ine edition. s delivered by carriers within the city at' 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents r Tonth, - Orders may be sent by mail or Eelephons Main 5060 Collection {s made by at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. gllll and Sunday. .. 8.40: 1 mo.. al . . 6.00: 1 mo.. o AL A 137:3240: 1 mo.. All Other States. o0:1mo. Sunday. . 13T 81000 1 me: L1yr. 3.00: 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled {0 the use for repubdlication of all news dis- Paichos crodited to it or mot otherwise cred; tod {n this paper and also the local new pyblished herein. Al righta of publication of wpecial dispatches herein are also reserved. =- el ~0c 80c 20¢ 85c aoc ally and o 260 only . unday only . Estimate on a Lump-Sum Basis! In its letter to the District Commis- sloners the Washington Board of Trade presents a list of public im- provements which are recommended by committees of that organization, and at the same time urging that the appropriations for the next fiscal vear should be limited to call for not more than e tax rate of $1.70. The board recognizes the need of works making for the advancement of the District to the point of municipal facilities, but feels that too rapid an advance Is dangerous in view of the present policy of Congress to limit the Federal financlal aid to a lump sum instead of maintaining the definite proportion principle of national assistance in Capital upkeep. The tax rate of $1.70 has been fixed by the Commissioners for the current fiscal year as necessary to produce the revenues under the existing conditions requisite to meet the District's share of Capital cost. This rate pertains to the current year only, and is related to the appropriations already made and to the requirement previously im- posed by Congress that the District sccumulate within a certain period sufficient funds to meet requisitions during the first half of each fiscal year. The estimates upon which the Com- missioners are now working for sub- mission to the Budget Bureau are for the next fiscal year. It is vitally im- portant that they be framed not with reference to the willingness of Con- gress to allow the District to expend unstintedly out of its own revenues, while holding the Government’s con- tribution to Capital maintenance to a fixed sum not related to the total, but with reference to the substantive law, which {s still in force, that the Gov- ernment’s contribution shall be at the ratio of 40 Federal dollars to 60 Dis- trict dollars. The present lump-sum arrangement is not the substantive law. It is a de- parture from that law made from year to year. The Commissioners should not, and probably will not, make their estimates on the lump-sum principle, but on the definite proportion prin- ciple. The temptation is naturally strong to proceed rapldly with the program of public improvements which have accumulated in arrears during the war-time period of econ- omies, regardless of the present cost. The District taxpayer, however, must be considered. He must be protected. He cannot afford to pey at the high rate, based upon e full-value assess- ‘ment, which a large budget compris- ing all of the accumulated projects of improvement surely entails if Con- sress Is to appropriate on the basis of a lump sum instead of a definite proportion of Federal contribution. ————— Obscene Literature Ban Urged. The National Education Association has gone on record against the publi- cation and distribution of indecent and obscene literature in a resolution which asks Congress for legislation to prohibit the transportation in inter- state commerce of all such produc- tions. This proposal strikes at the root of the evil. If transportation by any means of these periodicals, which are so injurious to the public morals, can be prevented by a prohibition which includes all forms of transit, their circulation will be checked. At present they may be sent by express or as frelght on the railroads, while barred from the mails. Recently in the District of Columbia the distribution of these indecent pub- leations has been materially lessened. Dealers have been warned that prose- cutions will follow further display of these harmful wares, and this warn- ing has been helpfully effective. But the possibility remains of a resump- tion of the trade as long as the period icals for which a demand has been stimulated can be secured. The only sure way to keep them out of circula- tion is to prevent them from being transported. The action of the National Educa- tion Association is significant of the public feeling on this subject. These unwholesome perfodicals are disap- broved by a very great majority of the people. Educators are aware of the pernicious influence of them on the morals of the younger people, and that the educators of the country, in session, should take this action is a plain proof that there is urgent need of a drastic law of prohibition which will put this vile product under the ban. A ————— China provides an open door with a “This way out” sign for foreigners. P ————— s The Boss of Tammany. Recently in New York there has been much talk about Gov. Smith as possible dictator of the mayoralty nomination. Mayor Hylan, it is known, is not favored by the governor, who belleves he could not be elected if nominated for a third term. Tam- many Hall, it is known, is more than dublous about the wisdom of giving him another nomination. The mayor is busy trying to build up his own machine to force his nomination and Lo compel Tammany's support. Yesterday some reporters called on Judge Olvaney, the leader of Tam- many, and asked him if it was true that Gov. Smith is soou to have a corference in New York with Tam- many men and decide the question of the mayoralty nomination. Thereupon the judge “hit the celling,” and de- livered himself of a declaration of in- dependence which is a distinct con- tribution to the political history of the big city. He repudiated the idea that the governor is a dominating influence, and made it plain that he is the leader of Tammany Hall, and that the question of the nomination will be decided by the executive committee without dictation from Albany or from the city hall. He sald: “The only persons I shall consult with re- gard to nominations are the members of the Tammany executive commit- tee. I will take advice from the com- mittee and from no one else. The talk that the governor is going to tell me whom to nominate is all bunk. Nor is any one in the city hall going to club me into making nominations. Any personal differences or squabbles be- tween the mayor and the governor are their own affair. I am not taking sides with either.” This sounds like old times. It is a reminder of the days when there was & real “boss” at Tammany headquar- ters on Fourteenth street. It sounds like John Kelly and Richard Croker, and e bit like Charles Murphy, al- though “Boss” Murphy rarely talked about himself or his power and prerog- atives as leader. Judge Olvaney has been quiet ever since he took the leadership, but he evidently toncludes that this is the time to make his posi- tion plain. There is no indication that he and Gov. Smith have fallen out over the Hylan question, or that the governor has undertaken to dic- tate Tammany's course. Nevertheless, vesterday's outburst of leadership talk will doubtless be noted carefully at Albany, and, of course, at the city hall. ——— Defense Day Tomorrow. Independence day and Defense day will be observed together tomorrow in the United States. It is altogether fitting they should. A nation has small chance of independence unless it is able and ready to defend itself. The muster of America and her re- sources for defense, set for tomor- row, is the second test of the kind undertaken. A year ago the test was made later in the year, when the crops had been harvested and after more ample time had been given the States and municipalities to prepare. Originally the general staff recom- mended that Defense day this year be November 11, Armistice day, but this plan was®etoed by the Presi- dent, who held that Armistice day should be dedicated rather to peace than to preparedness. July 4 was then chosen as the appropriate day for the muster. The observance of Defense day will be Nation-wide. One State only, through its State officers, declined to take part in the test. Notwith- standing the brief period allowed for preparation for Defense day, the States have put their shoulders to the wheel and everything possible has been done to further the plans for the test. It i3 a voluntary test, to indicate the strength of the coun- try if summoned suddenly to defend itself from foreign attack. There is no lurking germ of militarism in it, no threat to our neighbors or to na- tions more distant from our shores. It is to be a sgtock taking in the scheme of national preparedness. Patriotic bodies, veterans' organi- zations, the reserve organizations, State and Federal military forces, all will participate in exercises of various kinds. In many cities parades will be held, though Washington will be minus this feature of the test. The War Department itself will take the lead in observance of Defense day here, and will be supported by the many military and patriotic or- ganizations of the city. Americans have ever been swift to respond to the cail of country and it is confi- dently expected that the test tomor- row will show them ready to meet any emergency that may arise. —————— The questions of food shortage and distribution might, in case of another drought, make the Secretaryship of Agriculture one of the most important offices within the gift of this adminis- tration. While Trotsky is telling the world about communism he is having obvious difficulty in explaining to his immediate Russian neighbors exactly how the idea works. ——aee— The law of averages again asserts itself. An occasional earthquake seems necessary to offset the extraordinary advantages enjoyed by California. A Gate-Crashing Crush. Yesterday at one of the New York base ball grounds a stampeding crush of small boys occurred, in which a dozen or more were badly injured. This affair is an instance of the un- disciplined nature of latter-day youth in large cities. Several hundred boys had been given tickets to the ball game as guests of one of the local newspapers. It was fully understood that only boys with tickets would be admitted. Nevertheless a crowd esti- mated at over 10,000 ticketless young- sters, ranging in age from 9 to 18, gathered at the gates for the purpose of ‘“crashing” them, which means gaining admittance without pay or pass. They rushed the barrier, over- whelmed the boys who had tickets, and before order could be restored many of them had gained admittance. It is not uncommon to find boys and even men trying to break down barriers for the sake of getting “some- thing for nothing.” It is particularly noticeable at places of pubdlic enter- tainment. Base ball parks are con- stantly scenes of such happenings, though not on as large a scale as that | of yesterday in New York. Foul balls knocked into the grandstand are grab- bed and sometimes lively scrimmages occur, in the struggle for possession. Spectators will even leave the boxes on the ground level to enter the field to pick up bells that roll near. This is not theft from their point of view, and yet it is no less than theft in fact. THE EVENING STAR, “WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, Instantly after the game is over small boys swarm the field in the hope of getting the ball last used in play. “Crashing the gate” is not a mod- ern pastime. It has always been prac- ticed. Roys have crawled under circus tents eger since there were circuses. They have climbed base ball park fences ever since the game was played behind bagriers. It is, therefore, & risky performancg to advertise free admission for youngsters in any large community, for there is certain to be a crush at the point of ticket distribu- tion or that of ticket taking. —— e Senator Underwood to Retire. Announcement that Senator Under- wood will retire from public life at the close of his present term confirms reports that have been circulating for some time. Mr. Underwood has made his decision doubtless with ret- erence to the political situation in his State, but it is none the less a rea- sonable one. He has been in the service of his State in Washington for more than 30 years and he has earned retirement. After serving 20 vears in the House with distinction due to his diligent attention to legis- lative detail, he was promoted to a senatorship, an office which he has filled with dignity and with ability. Mr. Underwood announces that he will probably upon retirement spend his time mainly in this neighborhood, having recently acquired a country home near Washington. He does not, however, propose to leave Alabama as @ place of legal residence, spending part of the time at Birmingham. Thus it is possible that after a rest from official duty he may return to public lite. He is in his early 60s, and, blessed with a sturdy constitution and sound health, he should be available for a considerable period for other public dutles. — e The recognition of the ex-Kaiser's ownership of large estates does not imply Germany's willingness to return him to autocratic power; although it may encourage him to expect a future as one of his country’s most influen- tial realtors. ————— A few mathematiclans are inclined to regard the Einstein theory as being an inconclusive effort on the part of German Intellectuality to progress eventually to a reconstruc- tion of the universe. —_————— One objection to the “jay walker” is the fact that he so often proves to be an individual who takes a stroll while leaving his fifvver somewhere parking overtime. Madison Square Garden is de- molished, but Dayton, Tenn., will of- fer distinguished Democratic states- men a chance for the display of their powers in debate. ————— Publicity is so large a factor in the motion picture industry that the pub- lic is entitled to at least one film which forgets the “'stars” and photographs the press agents. — e The bootlegger is incorrigible. A man who would deliberately violate an amendment to the United States Constitution would not hesitate to dis- regard the traffic regulations. ———— Hindenberg is a proud man who may prove disinclined to accept a place in history designating him merely as an advance agent for the Hohenzollerns. ————— Germany apparently looks to Hin- denburg as a disciplinarian who may teack even the Hohenzollerns to be- have themselves. ‘“Wanderlust” remains & poetic im- pulse until an Arctic explorer insists on intruding the note of hard, practi- cal experience. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Significant Sound. “BANG.” £ 'Tis the firecracker’s voice! Bidding a nation rejoice, Now 8o secure in its prosperous poise It has nothing to do but to make a loud noise— ‘While bright fulminations are scat- tered on high, Reminders of glories today and gone by. Let us all freely rejoice. “BANG."” 'Tis the firecracker’s volce. Influentiality. “Who is the most influential man in your community?” “I don't know exactly,” answered Senator Sorghum. ‘“Money means power, and I'm afrald by this time mebbe he's a bootlegger.” The Willing Worker. The crowds in light amusement join On idle afternoons. ‘The monkey still collects the coin For those who play the tunes. Jud Tunkins says a real good talker these days is liable to see more of a future in vaudeville than he does in politics. Fourth of July and Christmas. Oh, Sage, to whom statistics seem but fun, \ Pray, calculate with swiftness, fan- tastic skill How long the fireworks that we burn ‘would run A furnace in the days of Winter chill! Slighted. “Lady Godiva has just ridden un- clad throygh the street!"” “Is she embarrassed?” “No. She is raising a storm because there were no photographers present.” Pretenses. As men strive on with purpose strong To keep the pace, when things go wrong, al A heartache hides behind the sneer; Behind the laugh there is a tear. “One of de smartest things de framers of de Declaration of Inde- pendence did,” sald Uncle Eben, “was to make de document short so's de audience wouldn’t be detained too long from lookin’ at de fireworks¥, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. In all the range of English poetry there is scarcely a poet who excels Robert Herrick in the pure lyrical gift, that consummate weaving of meaning and melody into a poetical whole which constitutes their art. To me the lyric poets are the great poets. Without the music of their lines divine poesy, as it has been called, would hold only blank verse and “free verse,” and thus would have no particular appeal to us who love music. There are critics, of course, who declare that there is no such thing as music on the printed page. Sure- ly they are mistaken. Certainly not music as we know it, in instrumental or vocal form. flowing from the sym- phony orchestra or the mouth of the singer, but music nevertheless, how- ever, and just the same. 1 defy any one to read Poe's poems and say there is no real music there. Perhaps we might say there is a greater music and a lesser music, and that pure lyrics belong to the latter classification, in order to differentiate them from the song, march and waltz. Whatever we call them, call them music we must. For instance, let us take Herrick's A Meditation for His Mistress': You are a Tulip seen today, But (Dearest) of so short a stay, That where you grew, scarce men can say. You are a lovely July flower, Yet one rude wind, or ruffling shower ‘Will force you hence, (and in an houre). You are a sparkling Rose i’ th’ bud, Yet lost, are that chast flesh and blood Can shew where you or grew, or stood. You are a full'spread faire-set Vine, And can with Tendrills love intwine, Yet dry'd, ere you distill your Wine. You are like Balme inclosed (well) In Amber, or some Chrystall shell, Yet lost ere you transfuse your smell. You are a dainty Violet, Yet wither'd, ere you can be set ‘Within the Virgin's Coronet. You are the Queen all flowers among, But dle you must (faire Maid) ere long, As He, the maker of this Song. * X X X Those who like the lyrical in poetry ought to be acquainted with Herrick, who was a cotemporary of the great Ben Jonson. He sat at the latter's feet, in the school of verse, and finally excelled his master- Most know the famous lines begin- ning: Gather ye Rose-buds while ye may, Old Time is still a-fiying: And this same flower that today, Tomorrow will be dying. Also the poem, “Corrina’s Going a-Maying,” but perhaps not so many are famillar with “A Lyrick to Mirth!' While the milder Fates consent, Let’s enjoy our merryment: Drink, and dance, and pipe, and play; Kisse our Dollies night and day; smiles Crowned with clusters of the Vine, Let us sit, and quaffe our wine. Call on Bacchus; chaunt his praise; Shake the Thyrse, and bite the Bayes: Rouze Anacreon from the dead; And return him drunk to bed: Sing o'er Horace; for ere long Death will come and mar this song. 1 wish to emphasize that we are not particularly concerned with the sen- timent of the song here, but with its Iyrical quality. As for the sentiment, one might point out that it is the old “Eat, drink and be merry” idea, com- monly attributed to Epicurus, but which also is found in Ecclesiastes. B R “Wealth cannot make a life, but Love,” says Herrick, in_his admirable verses on “A Country Life,” and the world has more or less agreed with him ever since. Love for children, love for parents, for home, country, love for God, love for all dependent creatures, these make life. Our poet tells us, “Love What It Tes?*: Love is a circle that doth restlesse move In the same sweet eternity of love. There is a definition in terms of the thing itself, admittedly-—but, after all, can you give a better one? Here is another song of Herrick's we should all know: Three lovely Sisters working were (As they were closely set) Of soft and dainty Maiden-haire, A curious Armelet. I smiling, ask'd them what they did: (Faire Destinles all three), Who told me, they had drawn a thread Of Life, and 'twas for me. They shew'd me then, how fine ‘twas spun: And I reply'd thereto, I care not now how soone 'tis done, Or cut, if cut by you. Those who do not care for verse (if they have read this far) will call the above “bunk”; those who do, will like it. Such is the diversity of opinion among readers. Herrick sings again: When I thy singing next shall heare, Ile wish I might turn all to eare, ‘To drink in notes, and numbers; such As blessed soules can't heare too much; Then melted down, there let mq Entranc'd, and lost confusedly: And by thy Museque strucken mute, Die and be turn'd into a Lute. lye, Herrick took a lively interest in the ladies, as can be seen. One of his most famous poems follows: A sweet disorder in the dresse Kindles in cloathes a wantonnesse: A Lawne about the shoulders thrown Into a fine distraction: An erring Lace, which here and there Enthralls the Crimson Stomacher A Cuffe neglec:full, and thereby Ribbands to flow confusedly: A winning wave (deserving note) In the tempestuous petticote: A careless shooe-string, in whose tye 1 see a wilde ctvility: Doe more bewitch me, than when Art Is too precise in every part. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. *“All men are created equal”—except , Asiatics and “barbarians” in general. That accounts for extraterritoriality —a long word meaning that might gives right, for it is backed by na- tional assertion with navies and armies and the greed of commerce. Extraterritoriality establishes for- eign courts in the offices of every Ambassador, Minister Plenipotentiary and consul accredited to an “inferior nation,” like China and, formerly, like Turkey, and even Japan. Those nations, being barbaric, are supposed not to be actuated by the Golden Rule such as Christian nations rec- ognize in dealing with foreigners within their lands. They cannot be relled upon, therefore, to deal justly; hence they must not be permitted to administer their own laws within their own territories concerning the nationals of the respective Ambassa- dors, et cetera. China, being a Buddhist nation, where the religion forbids killing of human beings (except when some petty leader so directs in a revolu- tion), is the greatest example of the exerclee of extraterritoriality that civilization has ever known. In China, i a forelgner commit any crime against a native no Chinese court may arrest, try and punish the for- eigner; the criminal is exempt from Chinese law, and may be punished only at the discretion of representa- tives of his own country, according to the laws of his own country, and not those of the country where the act was committed. S It would not require a great strain upon one’s imagination to reverse such a principle. Imagine that the people of China—nearly four times as numer- ous as the Americans—were to rise in their might and “take over” Califor- nia, establishing in San Francisco an extraterritorial court where all China- men should be tried if accused of mur- der or arson or any heinous offense. Californians, in such a case, could nev- er appeal their cause to our Supreme Court, regardless of any guaranty of rights in our Constitution. Later, for some rebellious act of Californians, China might “‘seize” New York City, all of New England and Pennsylvania, and mark off a zone of Washington City which, thereafter, would be a foreign zone. In all this seized territory only Chinese courts would try Chinese offenders, though they tyrannized over the native Ameri- cans, forced them to drink bootleg poison or consume morphine, in order that the tax might the coffers fill for Chinese aggrandizement. Furthermore, these Chinese might decide that our tariff commission should be abolished, and that the tar- iff on imports, especlally of goods shipped from China, must not exceed 5 per cent ad valorum, with valuations fixed by Chinese appraisers and the proceeds devoted according to the wis- dom or cupidity of Chinese dictators. Our great transportation systems would next be taken over by the in- vaders, freight and passenger rates be fixed by them, and extensions be so controlled as to prohibit development of new territory, except to the advan- tage of the foreign tyrants. Perhaps all such aggressions are not technically termed ‘“‘extraterritorial- ity,” but the alleged justification of every such encroachment leads back to the identical principle of Chinese in- feriority and the right of the followers of the lowly Nazarine to exploit where exploitation is possible. E Pilate asked, rhetorically, “What is truth?” Suppose some modern Pllate should demand “What is civilization! “What principle of European or Amer- jcan civilization entitles the Western Hemisphere to assume an attitude of supreme superiority over Eastern civ- {lization, even gr-.nfl?g that its stand- ards differ from oura?” ‘Who would assoclate classic Greece with ‘barbarism? Yet dishonesty and trickery were counted as a Greek's highest viriue, even at a time when China recognized the benevolent teach- ings of Buddha as proper inspiration and guide. For centuries the rulers of the hundreds of millions of Chinese looked upon all the outside world as trjbutary to Chinese r and obli- gated to pay tribute in exchange for peace. It was necessary for Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, in 1843, to instruct Caleb Cushing, our first Minister to China, that he must emphasize the fact that the United States of America refused to recog- nize Chinese superiority or to render tribute to the Emperor of China. * ok ok % We Westerns boast of the antiquity of our laws and customs of civiliza- tion. As late as 1770 the “savage" method of recording business trans- actlons by splitting a bit of wood into two parts and giving one to the creditor and the other to the debtor, as evidence of the obligation, was recog- nized in English courts. All over the world savages regulate their every act by laws—quite as complicated and binding as our writ- ten laws. The ancient Jews twere forbidden (Leviticus xxv) to sell their allotments of land. so are Tahitans, 80 were East Indlans untfl British civilization changed their ancient prac- tice. In ancient Greece and in Jewry no officer of law punished a murderer, that was left to the family of the deceased. Hence the vendetti, which persists in parts of Europe, is of classic origin. A thief in anclent Palestine and Greece, if not caught in the act, was never punished beyond a fine; the same rule applied in the German and Anglo-Saxon codes and among the American Indians. An- clent China refined that law by grad- ing the fine imposed, decreasing it as the relationship of the thief to the person robbed diminished. What, then, is the answer to the modern Pilate who asks: “What is clvilization? Where is the distinction which permits one nation to say to another, ‘We, being civilized, will ex- ercise extraterritorial jurisdiction over our natonals, within your domain, thought they commit heinous crimes against your own nationals?" * kK % % Our first treaty of commerce with China was negotlated by Minister Cushing in 1843, and the Minister wrote: “By that treaty the laws of the union follow its citizens, and its ban- ner protects them, even within the domain of the Chinese Enipire.” America has never abused its privi- leges in China—though this assertion may not apply to individuai Ameri- cans. Can the same be claimed for all other nations? In 1857 the English and French combined to war against China and invited the United States to join them, but President Buchanan, in a message to Congress, reported our refusal to do so, and that “the friendly and peaceful policy pursued by the Government of the United States to- ward the Empire of China has pro- duced the most satisfactory results.” The treaty of Tientsin of the 18th June, 1858, has been faithfully ob- served by the Chinese authorities.” Under that treaty, the Chinese set- tled certain claims of Americans by paying damages amounting to $735.- 238, but, later, an adjudication of those claims by an American com- mission found them inflated and forc- ed the return to China of $435,400. The indemnity paid us for the Boxer Rebellion was subsequently returned to China, on condition that it be used for the education of Chinese. Secretary of State, Frank B. Kel- logg, under the direction of President Coolidge, s carrying forward the pre- vious policies of the United States in urging the abolishment of all extra- territorial aggressions in China and the return of her full independence and liberty to manage her own affairs, establish her own rates of tariff in order to make it possible to bufld up a strong central government, with funds to support a national army and suppress petty rebellions, brignadage and national antagonism to foreigners. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul V. Collins.) Weather and Vocabulary. From the Baltimore Sun. Talking about the weather is espe- clally silly if you have an inadequate vocabulary. Social Problem Explained. From the Atchison Globe. She is at home in art, literature and music. That is why she is never at home. 'Q JULY 3, 1925. What Js Evolution? By Lemuel F. Parton . In the preceding chapter of this series the five main contentions with which the evolutionists support their theory were glven. The first of these was given as the record of fossil re- malins. These fossils are found in va- rious geological strata, which, accord- ing to geologists, may be placed fairly accurately in time, thus giving, ac- cording to this interpretation, a se- quential story of the evolution of life. The following outlines, roughly, the main case of the evolutionists: Fossil remains recording a tiny ‘worm on a slab of the Proterozoic era are accepted as the earliest known record of animal life. They estimate that this sea worm was imbedded in the slab about 800,000,000 years ago. This is the beginning of the story. The age of the trilobites came next —about 750,000,000 years ago—accord- ing to the evolutionary chronology- The trilobite was a small, shrimplike creature, and, the evolutionists say, was for millions of years the highest form of life on the planet. This was the beginning of the Paleozoic era, which also included the age of fishes, about 500,000,000 years ago. It was in this age that the sea scorpion evolved into the land scorpion, this marking the beginning of land animals. Tries a New Model. The age of coal, about 340,000,000 years ago, is an important chapter in tha story of evolution, as here we find sweeping adaptations by amphiblan animals, living partly on land and partly in water, with the appearance of the first lizards. With the age of reptiles, 250,000,000 years ago, nature announced an at- tractive new structural model. Hav- ing found that the “exo-skeleton” or hard outer shell of the crabs and mol- lusca was not adaptable to a changing environment, she trled putting the skeleton on the inside and brought on the first of the vertebrates. This was also the age of the Ammonite, the an- cestor of the chambered nautilus. This age marks the passage into the Meso- zolc era. The succeeding Tertlary and Pleisto- cene eras were the great ice age, last- ing about 1,000,000 years, about 70, 000,000 years ago. It was the age of mammals, and the fossil remains of this perfod reveal the skull of the “ape man' of Java. The foregoing is the barest outline of the story, as the evolutionists piece it together from the fossils found in the rocks. Libraries could be filled with the books written on each chap- ter of this story and, regardless of cne’'s views as to the validity of the conclusions. it is doubtless true that more painstaking work has been de- voted to the study of this supposed sequence of life than to any other branch of scientific investigation. The work of tracing the ascent from the extinct egg-laying mammals to man was much more difficult, as it embraces much shorter geological epochs and hence lacks the record of the rocks. From the mammals there was one branch to primitive hoofed animals, from which were derived in one line the mammoths, cotemporary with the early cave man, and in an- other line the tiny 3-toed horse, or eohippus, 11 inches high—the ancestor of the modern horse and giraffe. Monkey Held “Cousins There was another branch to primi- tive clawed animals, from which de- scended in one line the dog-cat ani- mals, and in the other tree-dwelling, frult'eating animals. One of these was the tiny lemur. Evolutionists are frankly in doubt s to whether this creature may be considered as having been in the direct line of the ancestry of man. The weight of opinion holds that the lemur is on a side line. The monkey and gorilla are also now re- garded as branch developments, and as cousins rather than as direct an- cestors of man. In view of this con- clusion that man is the outcome of a great convergence of life forces, reach- ing out and withdrawing in millions of tentative forms, tracing back to the primordial protoplasm, or stuff of life, in the ancient sea, the headline em- phasis wn the monkey is seen to be a distortion of the evolutionary theory. The second contention of the evolu- tionists—that new species of plants and animals have actually been pro- duced—is positively afirmed by the proponents of the theory and as D('nul- ly denfed by the opposition. While the results obtained by Luther Bur- bank and many others in achieving new species are indisputable, it is con- tended that these mutations do not occur in nature, and that, even if they do, they have no bearing on the origin of man. This is still one of the great controversies of evolution, and if the judge at Dayton allows argument on the fundamentals of the doctrine of evolution there will, no doubt, be much heated discussion on this point. It in- volves too many technical considera- tions to admit consideration here. Embryo Reveals History. The third point, concerning sur- vivals of once useful organs, is one of the main bulwarks of the theory of evolution. In addition to the pineal gland, previously mentioned, they cite the finger nails, as relics of the claws of animals; muscles that enable one to twitch the ears, occasionally sur- viving the eustachian tube, relic of the gills of fishes; the appendix, the rudimentary relic of the extra stom- ach of ruminating, wood-eating ani- mals; the bones of the tall, at the base of the spine; bones of the arch of the foot, still retaining somewhat the same structure as the bones of the hand; the toes still retaining some of the power of grasping. The fourth consideration—that pre- natal development parallels organic evolution—has become what might be termed a part of the orthodoxy of evo- lution, although its later application to post-natal development, as sum- marizing racial and tribal stages, has been vigorously attacked, even by sci- entists. According to evolutionists, the progress from a one-celled organ- ism, merely a tiny bit of protoplasm, to the multicellular organisms, is by an accretion of cells, with a later lo- calization of functions. This process, they say, is exactly paralleled in the first stage of the growth of an em- bryo. There is multiplication of cells by direct ceil division, until the whole, at a stage called the bastocele, resem- bles a tiny, wormlike sea-dwelling creatura, with an invagination mark- ing the beginning of the digestive tract. A few days later the embryo resembles a fish, later a reptile, and still later a young calf or pig. The beginning of a heart in an unborn child is a straight tube, open at both ends, exactly like the heart of the lancelet, the wormlike ancestor of the fishes. Later it has three chambers, like the hearts of the reptiles. At the last stage it acquires the four cham- bers found in the hearts of man and of the other mammals. At one stage the human embryo has gill slits, re- sembling the gills of fishes, and ohil- dren have been born with these gill slits still retained. Later it has an ex- ternal movable and muscled tall, like the tafls of monkeys. In the growing embryo the first kidney is in the neck, ‘where the kidney still is in worm: The later kidney development parallels that of frogs and amphibians, with the final appearance of the true kid- ney. For their fifth “proof,” touching on the survival in man of earlier animal conduct, the evolutionists have found strong support in the researches of such sclentists as Jacques Loeb, Crile, Child and Herrick, who, while they have done much important work in the chemical mechanics of the life processes, have failed to find an an- swer to the insistent question of why, rather than how, these evolutionary occur. (To be continued) ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. How long does it take to go from Berlin to Rome?—W. E. A. There is a new service between these citles arranged so that travel- ers spend but one night en route. Trains leave both capitals in the morning and arrive at their destina- tions the following afternoon. The trip is_a distance equal to that be- tween New York and St. Louis. The fast trains between these cities have a 24-hour schedule. Q. When is Golden Rule Sunda —R. E. A. This year it will be observed on December 6. On this day people are asked to serve the menu of & Near East orphanage in their homes, and to contribute as their means permit to relie. work among the children. Q. What is the clicking sound made in a Seth Thomas clock about five minutes before it strikes’—T. W. A. This nolse is caused by the guard hand rising and releasing the strike lever. Q. When was the military play “Shenandoah” first produced?—McF. A. Early in 1889 the stock company owned by R. M. Field put on “Shen- andoah” in Boston, but it was practi- cally a fallure. Charles Frohman later saw it and believed so much in it that he bought the play and suc- cessfully produced it September 9, 1889. Q. What is the new postal rate for post cards?—H. J. A. The Post Office Department says that there is no change in the rate of postage on the Government card, the postage being 1 cent. Under the new law the rate on private mailing cards is 2 cents, and on advertising cards which do not conform to the size of regulation cards the postage rate is 134 cents if card is entirely in print. If not entirely in print the first-class rate of 2 cents is required. Q. How many times has the de- sign of the ~1l-cent piece been changed?—R. G. F. A. There have been coined 17 de- signs. Some of the changes in de- sign were very slight. The first 1-cent pieces ‘were coined in 1792, and there have been no years in which pennies have not been made except 1816 and 1823. Q. How did the name_Portland cement originate?—H. A. F. A. The name “Portland” cement was chosen because the color of Portland cement is similar to the color of a building stone which was quarried on the Isle of Portland, just off the coast of the British Isles. Q. What is the nationality of Gene Tunney ?—P. C. A. This prize fighter is Irish- Amer- jean. His name is James John Tun- ney. Q. How many times has the De- troit base ball club finished first and second since 1900?—F. F. B. A. It won the pennant in 1907, 1908, 1909, and finished second in 1911, 1915 and 1923, Q. Are there many Chinese and Japanese paintings in the Charles Freer collection?—A. E. A. There are over 1,200 Chinese paintings and about 800 Japanese. Q. When did the Jamestown ex- position open?—T. C. A. It opened April 26, 1907, and closed November 30. It was held near Hampton Roads, Va., and com- | memorated the 300th anniversary of the first permanent settlement of Anglo-Saxons in America. Q. Of what use is garlic in the dlet?—A. M. A. Garlic is more of a condiment than a food and its use stimulates the appetite and promotes digestion. It quickens the circulation, excites the nervous system and acts as a tonie. How much time does a worker because of weather conditions?—T. D. A. The Department of Commerce says that seasonal {irregularity in bullding activity is due more to cus- tom than to climate or weather. However, they also say that the av- erage bullding trades worker cus- tomarily loses from a fourth to a third of his available working time during the year. Q. How many lightships does the United States have’—B. F. A. Last yi the United States Lighthouse Service maintained light vessels on 47 stations, with 60 vessels in commission, of which 13 were relief vessels. Q. Who were the secretaries of all the Continental Congresses?—M. B. 8. A. Charles Thomson was secretary of every Continental Congress (1774-89) Q. What islands have the highest mountains?—F. A. The Hawalian group contains the highest mountains on any islands. Q. In what year was Washington and Lee first known by this name?— V. G. A. The university was rechartered under its present name in 1871. Q. What is the fighting force under the command of an officer with the rank of admiral and title of com mander-in-chief?—B. C A. The United States fleet is com- posed of four subdivisions—the bat fleet, the scouting fleet, the flest base force and the control forces. Q. Please suggest a name for a co- lonial inn.—A. R. A. The Rose and Crown, The Three Mariners, The Fountain, Three Tons and The Royal Standard were “ordi narfes” actually kept by women dur ing colonial days Q. What was the origin of the seal ring?—S. R A. Earliest seals were joints of reed succeeded about 5,000 vears ago bs conch shells in a conical shape which were suspended around the meck About 00 years ago the cone was perforated for the finger to pas: through Q. Please give some statistics c: cerning the highest air photograph F. A. P. A. The highest aerial photograph covers an area of 19 square miles. The camera had a focal length of 12 inches. The picture, taken by Lieuts. Stevens and McReady, flying over Dayton, Ohfo, was snapped from a height of 32,220 feet. Q. What is the difference between |{skilled and unskilled laborers?—G. A. C. A. Skilled laborers are thoss re- quiring such training in a particular occupation as would involve material industrial loss in a transterence to |other occupations. Any laborers who do not have to serve an apprenticeship to learn a trade are unskilled la- borers. Q. How long ago was Charlle Ross kidnaped?—H. O. W. A. He was stolen July 1, 1874 Q. When did Charles Frohman first | produce A. “C. F.” first produced the pla> in Bethlehem, Pa., and then opened in New York on October 2, 1893, There is a reason for all things This great universe is so constructed that there must be a reason or cavse | for everything that takes place. It is often difficult for the average person to find out the why of things. He knows that certain things are so, but he does mot understand why they are s0. This paper supports a free infor- mation bureaw in Washington which will answer any question of fact you may wish to ask. Whenever you are in doubdbt about anything write to our bureau. The hearty co-operation of its ezperts in answering your queries is assured. Address The Washington Information Star Bureau, Frederic J in the building trades lose each year Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Rejoice at Resurrection Of the “Dead” Languages Reports of increased interest in the study of the classics in the United States and in Europe have resulted in general discussion of the benefits of such study. Favorable comment involves the assertion that Latin and Greek have to_make to modern life. Better character as a goal of edu- cation receives emphasis from San Francisco Bulletin, which believes that “classic studies are most effective aids” in that direction. “The unre- flecting regard Latin as a ‘dead lan- guage,’ but it is tremendously alive,” says the Bulletin. “French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Rumanian are but Latin modified and modern- ized: while of 100,000 words or there- about in current vocabulary we call English, 60,000 are of Latin origin, while only half that number can be called purely English, and 10,000 are derived from other sources. Latin is not dead. It lives on and on in the languages of Western Europe as well as in the nomenclature of the sciences.” * k X X Support for the plea that the clas- sics should have a larger place in education is given by the Champaign News-Gazette, which argues: “If you want a school to do nothing except to train its pupils to be successful car- penters or engineers or architects or lawyers or salesmen, then the classics are more or less out of place. But if you think a school ought first of all to teach pupils how to live, how to enjoy life and work and play, then by all means restore the classics.” So also the Pueblo StarJournal holds that “as the main purpose of education is to fit people to think for themselves, it is possible that in the future the ad- vocates of restoration of the classics will be successful in their campaign.” The Pueblo paper points out that Latin and Greek fell into disuse in many schools “because of the belief that they were of no real value in the battle of life, except to a limited number of persons.” The Youngstown Vindicator, however, taking notice of the report that “more pupils were en- rolled in the Latin courses of the country’s schools last year than in all the other foreign language courses combined,” declares that ‘“‘Latin and Greek are not to be studied as mental discipline, but because Virgil and Cicero, Homer and Plato and Aristo- tle have something to say that is im- portant to modern life.”” * ok kK “Reconstruction in secondary edu- cation in Europe, put into operation since the World War,” according to the Greenville Pledmont, “has had the general result of improving and strengthening the classics.” The Pled- mont quotes from the British ministry of reconstruction: “It is because the classics contain elements of the high- est spiritual and intellectual value which cannot be obtained elsewhere in equal force or equal intensity that the lover of education is bound to fight for their retention as one of the lead- ing components of our national sys- tem.” The Greenville paper adds: “It is clear that secondary education in England will continue to retain as its main function the ideals of a general liberal training without any entangle- ments with vocaticnal objectives.” Investigations by the American Classical Leazue of the situation in Europe interest the Manchester Union, which states that “the league's inves- important contributions | the | tigations satisfy it that at present stress is being laid in Britain on the classics and on the better training of teachers, with the co-operation of labor leaders in these endeavors a marked feature of the situation.” The Union also quotes the view held abroad that “the purpose of education is not so much to prepare children for their occupations as to prepare them against their occupation; it must develop fn them the powers and in terest that will make them in later life the masters and not the slaves of their work.” * ok ¥ % The example of Europe impresses the Bay City Times - Tribune. “France,” it declares, “has been ex perimenting with programs of educa tion, including and excluding the classics, in order to decide if it is worth while to continue Latin and Greek in the school courses. Now the government has directed that these ‘dead’ languages are to be taught as if they were live omes, es- sential to the rounded scheme of a liberal education.” The Times-Tri bune also sees value to readers and writers in “a just perception of the shades of meaning and the increase in the working vocabulary resulting from the study of the ancient Medi terranean tongues.” The whole sub. ct, however, in the opinion of the akland Tribune, “goes back to the child and what he needs.” The Tri bune continues: “There are some to whom training in a vocation is all important, just as there are others who should have every encourage- ment in the discovery of those treas. ures and that precious mental equip ment which come with a study the classies.” S “We think the emphasis in America has probably been placed too heavily upon vocational training, and that a swing to some degree in the other direction would be good for us,” says the Waterbury Republican. “The fn creased study of Latin may be due in part to a swing of the pendulum back toward the cultural phases of a gen eral education,” adds the Terre Haute Star. There is nothing like the study of Latin and Greek to provide a basis for the efficient pursuit of any and all other subjects,” states the Nash. ville Banner. Reassurance against the ‘“‘supposedly material trend of the times” is derived by the Elmira Ad- vertiser from a statemerft by John Jay Chapman that “all the classic tradition exists as an aid to spiritual power and happiness, and the humanities make people capable of life.” Muzzey on Guiteau. To the Editor of The Btar: It is amusing to witness the at- tempt by Gen. Fries, using the col umns of The Star, to condemn Muz. zey's history because some one told him the work glorifies President Gar field's assassination and stoops to other base things. Butall is explain ed by the general's own statement that he hasn't had an “opportunity to read the volume. If he had he would have seen -Garfleld’s untimely death referred to as a ‘“dastardly crime,” That officer also flew off the handle in his other allegations. Tt was another case of “criticize first and investigate afterward.” GEORGE O. GILLINGHAM. —— .