Evening Star Newspaper, October 24, 1924, Page 23

FARM AID, COOLIDGE PROGRAM People’s Possession of Their Property and Mainte- nance of Integrity of Courts Pledged by President at U. S. Chamber of Commerce. Page Twenty-two.) (Continued from the reduction of discount rates. This has been done, until they now range from 3 per cent to 4% per cent. This administration has constantly sousht to prevent further deflation by en- couraging all kinds of business order to restore prices of agricultural products to a point where they would | show a fair profit. The general busi- ness depression had reached its low- est depths in the spring of 1921, and co; | p ual recovery, which has now spread to agricultural products. 1f a mis- take was made, it was not made by | this administ overnment is now proc he opposite di- | rection. | Advantage present period by the adoption of sound business | methods and sound legislation, | against the recurrence of such dis- | c: astrous depression. This is not a po- | litical question; it is an economic auestion. It is not a sectional que: tion; it is a national question. It do: not relate merely to the welfar those who live the farms; it fluences the welfare of all the proplc of our country. It is altogether too important to be permitted to be in- volved in partisan politics. As pric have been rising and conditions im proving, which it would be disastrous to disturb, it is necessary to avod | all political influences. I have with-| held the calling of an agricultural conterence on the advice of some of | the leaders in the farm organizations. | But 1 stand committed to this pro- posal. I believe it holds out the best promise of a wise solution, and the best method of a substantial agre ment among the farm organizations | themselves of what they desire in the | way of Government action. 1 there- fore propose to call such conference, 1o consist of some of the leaders in the of the |so provide, | pe, must be taken of relief to - [ 22 of | | a1 on ma th. | th h nes ot farm organizations and some of the |Which amount of prominent representatives of farm | nomics in our agricultural col-|co leges, to formulate a program for leg- | islation to be gress which we can all support. The farmers have suffered enough from | those who have attempted to barter | their votes for unsound remedie: 1 want their business put on a sound Basis by thorough and scientific study. ‘where it can exist on an equality with other businesses Sound Business Is Goal What we may hope for in this di- rection is illustrated by our pre b foreign trade. In 1913 both imports and exports were but $4,200,000.,000. After the war the trade of the whole world collapsed, but we have brought our foreign trade up to about $8,000,- 000,000. Translated into pre-war prices this would be about $5,200.- |ye 000,000. On the same basis, in 1923 Great Britain shows a decre of 12 |ec: of lat ra th ea nearly “A policy The claim taxes to But every the public in general, which is mo of mean and mines what large and 17 pe, ncerns. r day. Th r cent. is a per cent, France 14 per cent and Ger- many 51 per cent, while our increase is more than 19 per cent. had less than 11 per cent of the for- eign trade of the world: now we have This has been promoted by the activities of the De- in [partment of Commerce in finding mar- kets for farm co-operatives and small Inquiries in this risen from 700 per day to n natural, | common-sense way of dealing with since that time there has been a grad- | industry, which may profitably be em- | ployed in further dealing with agri- | culture in the matter of finding mar- kets. In 1923 we field have arly 7,000 ound, Sees Further Reduction. le ople. Just of the n fairly 500 000 are e they 1 talk the poor wde up do prior of economy object the benefit to elect great deal of talk is made about the has of as all t ons poor and the rich. tirely would is sim student peopl mus not be said that the vernment does ings of the poor family. pay nply well e of t ind Nation tax the earn Earnings of exempt and but $37. an scarcely be made that the poor are oblized to the National then about taxes off the rich and pay misleadin aware th moderate pay irectly > expenses of the Government. he great corporations, the the raiiroads—all the do and must collect their money from our food e people. elter and cessaries. taxation. will mes, indirect ta a te. moderat When e burden rners and Getting all we making increase. ar indicate further reduction n only sel fuel vernment, and the people who earn the wages of the Nation do and must pay these taxes w and by stimulate enterprise and busines presented to the Con- |ford the wage earners ample employ ment with good pay, they may the better bear the burden experience | shows that a larzer amount of money can be collected from All D: It axation. e rate the ra taxe: people can the rates stimulating business to provide work earnings poor seems to me to be the sense method of taxation mated Government the for that in are this should produce taxation, doing the grea vs a This simple must be from the in All te is incomes disappear, of s on of sm out mo con we taxe res be the ban t income: X to en they buy these deter- a sound policy a rate largest act at 1 large utmost order large incomes than at a high high, too leaving the wa nall derate a of t omm The es income and expenses of t ming But 1t b; direct Government. taking leaving them direet clothing, the af- that means of the rich | fiscal can have a we [1921, and since that time THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1924 e —————————————————————————————————————ee ettt e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e —————————————————————————————————————————eeeeeeeeeeeeereeeeemeaee PEACE, ECONOMY, TAX SLASH, tinuing a policy of drastic economy. ~A very material part of our reve- nue comes from the tariff, which is now running at the rate of about $550,000,000 per year. This is not- withstanding the fact that we have the lowest tariff which the Republi- can party has enacted since 1890, and that it is even lower than the Demo- cratic tariff of 1894, Nearly 57 per cent of our imports are on the free list, while the average duty on all fm- ports is less than 15 per cent. Under it, in spite of prophesies to the con- trary, our foreign trade has greatly increased. It has been constantly as- serted that what the farmer buys is protected and what he sells is not protected, Almost everything that is used in the business of farming as a matter of fact is on the free list, while almost everything the farmer raises is protected, from the nuts and citrus fruits of the Pacific Coast, through the sugar, grain and animal products of the Central West, to the dairy and tobacco products of the East. Withont such protection many of these farm products would be destroyed by for- eign competition. When we turn to our industrial life, we find that the wages, both in rate and buying power of the American workman are more than twice that of the best p eign labor. Compared to 1913, the a vances in the wage of union labor is 99 per cent, while in the ordinary living costs it is only about 69 per cent. | American industry cannot exist, American wages cannot be paid, the American standard of living cannot be maintained without a protective tarift. “Under thi. policy o omy, reducticn of tax tion the husiness of the country very generally revived and brought us into an area of more than prosperity. Agriculture, however, only suffered first, and in man -cts most, but has been the 1 n spite of the fact that for the great staple. of wheat, nd animal products are much more encourag rtheless the farmer has not be to restore in one the losses he has ‘cncountered in the four preceding seasons. Agriculture must be placed on a permanently profitable is, where it can enjoy economit with other industry. isdains Rexponxibility “Much discussion has been made re- arding the Government policy of de- ion. There has been much debate whether raising discount rates by the Federal Reserve Board up to 7 per cent was the reason for the col- lapse in farm value. I do not wish to consider that question, but I should |like to have it made plain that this action took place before this admin- istration came into power. and what- ever damage there was had already been done. It has been the policy of {the present administration constantly |to favor the reduction of discount rates. This has been done, until they now range from 3 to 41 per cent. | This admini tration has constantly sought to prevent further deflation by enccuraging all kinds of busines: in order to restore prices of agricul- tural products to a point where they would show a fair profit. The gen- 1 business depression had reached lowest depth: the Spring of there has which has its he a It nal on 50. peace, s and protec no, ng. t tl corn ks, |8 o nev |able season in- to all nd he on ti- he it in |been a gradual recovery. econ- has | verage | now spread to agricultural products. If a mistake was* made, it was not made by this administration. The Government is now proceeding in the opposite direction. “Advantage must be taken of the present period of relief to provide, by the adoption of sound business meth- ods and sound legislation, against the recurrence of such disastrous depres- sion. This is not a political question, it is an economic question. It is not a sectional question, it is a national question. It does not relate merely to the welfare of those who live on the farms, it influences the welfare of all the people of our country. I have withheld the calling of an agri- cultural conference on the advice of some of the leaders in the farm or- ganizations. But I stand committed to this proposal. T believe it holds out the best promise of a wise solu- tion and the best method of a sub- stantial agreement among the farm organizations themselves of what they desire in the way of Govern- ment action. I, therefore, propose to call such conference, to consist of soma of the leaders in the farm of- ganizations and some of the promi- nent representatives of farm econom- ics in our agricultural colleges, to formulate a program for legislation to be presented to the Congress which we can_all support. The farmer have suffered enough from those wh have attempted to barter their votes for unsound remedies. I want their business put on a sound basis by thorough and scientific study, where it can exist on an equality with other businesses. Citex Bituminous Mining. “What we may hope for in this rection is illustrated by our present foreign trade. In 1913 both Imports and exports were but $4,200.000,000. After the war the trade of the whole world collapsed, but we have brought our forelgn trade up to about $8,000,- 000,000. Translated into prices this would be about §: 000, “When we look for an example of benefiting consumers, we shall find it in the bituminous coal industry Three years ago there were abou 9,000 mines, or 30 per cent more mines and miners than could be given regular employment. The Department of Commerce found there was need of more cars, more Summer tor more industrial peace. been accomplished, with 00,000, These the have of 1920 run-of-mine $5.64 a ton, notwithstanding the strike of 1922, it averaged $3.67 per ton, and for the yvear ending June it averaged $2.23 per ton. This indus- try has been organized, but not mo- nopolized; it has between 7,000 and 8,000 competing mines, and no person or group controls more than 2 or 3 per cent of the production. “It is impossible to escape the con- clusion that the general economic condition of the country is good. While business and agriculture have not fully recovered the losses caused by the world-wide depression which always follows war, the. now on a fairly profitable basis. It would be natural to suppose that every well wisher of the country would be anx- jous to maintain the present estab- lished order of things, which has giv en to the people of Amer a tion superior to that ever before by any people on earth. coal averaged But in spite pre-war | ge and | result | that while in the profiteering period | = | held of the extraordinary results which have been accomplished, there is not only a large amount of criticism, but proposals to make at least two of the most revolutionary changes. Hits Public Ownership. “It has always been the theory of our institutions that the people should own the Government and not that the Government should own the people. This policy cannot be main- tained unless the beople continue to own and control their own property. The most important property of the country is transportation and water power. It is not only very large in amount, but is of the greatest strate- gic value. It could be used in such a way as to assume virtual control of all other business of any importance. It is proposed that these properties should be brought under public ownership. “Itesponsible public commissions have valued thise at about $35,000,- 000,000, Such a cost would more than double all our public debts. Any deficit in earnings would have to be made up out of taxes. We did that during the war at a cost of $1,600,- 000,000. With the Government in pos session of such a great engine, with two and three-quarters millions of | employes, spending $9,000,000,000 or 1 $10,000,000,000 “cach year, holding vir- tually the power of life and death, what chance would the rest of the people of this country have? It would r to be perfectly obvious that if properties are taken off the tax list by public ownership, the other property of the nation must pay their vearly tax of some $600,000,000. In the thinly settled agricultural regions this would make an increase of 30 or 40 per cent on local taxation. They have government ownership abroad. It takes 23 men in Germany to move a ton of freight one mile, 24 men in Italy, 31 in Switzerland. In the United States it takes only 5 men. It is interesting to note also that reduced to terms of bread and butter, railroad | employes in these countries show weekly carnings of only about one-third of | those in this country. | Defends Supreme Court. which the strong- “Another principle in American people have alw |1y believed, and which they have stoutly maintained, is a judicial as | against a_political determination of causes. When our Constitution was dopted it established the Supreme Court of the United States to be the very citadel of justice. 1ts members | are” appointed for life in order that | they may be devoted entirely to the administration of justice uccord | to law, and as independent and im- partial as it is possible for men to be. One of their chief duties is to protect | the rights of the individual. Our Government is anything but absolute. It is strictly limited. It has only those powers which are conferred upon it by the Constitution. That | Constitution distinctly declarcs that | the President and the Congress are | pronibited from doing certain things, the central thought of which is that no one shall be deprived of life, lib- erty or property without due process | of Taw. There is provision against unlawful searches and seizures, in order that the people may be securc in their persons, houses. papcrs and effects, also against making any law | respecting an establishment of re- ligion or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, and including jale—x2lol—0mxa]—=lu]c———|o]——[a]c=[o]——=[o]l——=lal——=Ja[——=]a|——[5] Newly Arrived Tunic Blouses A gplendid variety of ors—in new designs—self- trimmed or braided ; made of gracefully draping Crepe de Chine. $5.00 Street Floor, col- Corduroy Breakfast Robe S Wide-wale Corduroy — of wrappy model; and effective plain or brocaded. R ose, Henna, Purple, Blue, Coral, American Beauty, etc. Unders coring Coats Tunic Satin finish. $3 With a Tunic Blouse—the costume——'appealing]y smart. These newer Tunic Slips Slip makes a complete types have bottoms—of effective 95 $5.00 Street Floor. Of plain lines. Silk Step-ins trimmed; cut on generous [ce=]u|——=|d|[——]a|c——|a|———]a|c———]q] fine Crepe de Chine— tailored or lace Peach, Nile, Flesh, the right of trial by jury, with many other provisions for the protection of the individual from impositions which other governments had constantly in- flicted upon them. This is in accord- ance with our theory that the people are born with certain inalienable rights which no government should have any power to take from them. “The same privileges that belong to the individual are likewise guaran- teed to the minority and to the sev- eral States. We have made our Con- stitution the supreme law of the land, and whenever the Congress, the Fresident or a State Legislature or governor violates it, anyeone who is injured has the right to appeal to the Supreme Court and have such viola- tion prevented. What better method could there be for preserving the rights of the people and of the States? It is not necessary to prove that the Supreme Court never made a mistake. But if this power is taken away from them, it s necessary to prove that those who are to exercise it would be likely to make fewer mistakes. “It is proposed to place this power, = FOUNDED IN 1896 which, it must be remembered, is that of life and death, in the hands of the Congress. That would give to that body power to violate all the rights which 1 have just mentioned, the power to destroy the States, abolish the presidential office, close the courts and make the will of the Congress absolute. Is it supposed that in the exercise of this power they would be more impartial, more independent than the judges of the Supreme Court? It seems to me that this would be a device more nearly calculated to take away the rights of the people and leave them subject to all the in- fluences which might be exerted on the Congress by the power and wealth of vested interests on one day, and the passing whim of popular passion on another day. The poor and the weak would be trampled under foot Under such a condition life, liber and property, and the freedom of re- ligion, speech and /the press would have very little security. “In time of national peril our Gov- ernment would have no balance wheel If this system should be adopted and put into effect. the historian would close the chapter with the comment that the people had shown they were incapable of self-government and the American Republic had proved a failure. If we are unable to main- tain the guarantees of freedom in this land, where on earth can they be maintained? “Our present system is the one that is adapted to the needs of a free republic; the only one which holds out any promise of providing the security and stability necessary alike for our economic development and the protection of the poor and the weak Peo “These le Are Confident. _ some of the methods by which I believe the economic welfare of the people of our country can be advanced. The Government can help to maintain peace, to promote econ- omy, to provide a protective tariff, to assist the farmers, to Jeave the people in the possession of their own prop- erty, and to maintain the integrity o the courts. But after all, (Continued on age Twenty-four.) success 100,000 ReAasons why you should trade at this friendly store If you want reasonsfor confidence in us and in our mer- chandising principles, we have them—a hundred thousand reasons! In the past two years our stores have accumulated one huexl-nlder thom'a;d names of -« fleuedm our styles, W th ple who have been so e quality of our clothing, ter of our service, that they rely on us regularly whenever they want styles that are right, in fabrics.that will wear, at prices that are reasonable, on terms that are convenient. “How good can we buy and how low can we sell?” one ofourn&vch':infi give us an phrases, they found was Anything in the store is yours on YOUR OWN TERMS arrange payments to suit your convenience trul: uiuatnyouloowillfindwg to prove that we can serve you one of our enever you Ladies —the Mandarin drese (illustrated above) is one of the . season’s most popular new models. Made of “Poiret-sheen,” a lustrous, twilled fabric of exceptional beauty, with gold thread and braid embroi ered trimmings. Fashion's favorite! The coat is of high lustre bolivia st off with Jap mink fur. Well tailored and finished—and popu- larly priced. Men_ou: Privce-ct-Wales suits, featuring English two and three button models with broad shaulders, low waist and straight wide trousers, are increasingly popular. Each suc- ceeding week our sales on the loap ahead. Small wonder! It ismn’t style alone, that these suits boast of—but a low price that is unbeat- able. We guarantee it! $9.95 Street Floor. of special charm in mode, quality and price They will appeal to your most discriminating judgment and meet your ideal of smartness and luxurious comfort. The Cloths— The Furs— Mokine Natural Squr'rn’ Velora Dyed Squirrel Luella Beaver Gerona Mouskrat Ormandale Wolf Cleovella Seal *1728°27°°°372°°55 IF YOU BUY IT CHEAPER ELSEWHERE—BRING IT BACK! [—F——|al——|aj[c———|q] Silk Gowns Dainty Gowns of dainty silk—plain tailored or lace trimimed; with strap shoul- ders and V-neck. Cut full and flowing, Peach, Flesh and Orchid. $9.95 $3.95 Street Floor. Cricket Sweaters All wool—in slip-over models; with plain and fig- ured fronts; and striking cclor combinations. It's a mode that meets the sportive mood peculiarly well. $9.95 $5.00 Street Floor. (e =0 —— || ———| | ——— | — ] ———= |l ———| 8| — 8] ——a] —u]| CLOTHING STORES 621 7th St. N.W. Third Floor S lal———nl————lu]