Evening Star Newspaper, July 22, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. TUESDAY.........July 22, 1924 ;KEODOBE ‘W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Oftice: 16 Regent St., Londou, The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition. is delivered by carriers within the eity at 60 cents per month: da 45 cents per month: Sunday only. 20 cents per month. Orders may be xent by mail or tele- phone Main 5000 Collection is made by car- riers at the end of each moath. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo., 70c Daily only .......1¥r.,$6.00;1mo., 50c Sunday only . . $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ ngland, onls, All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00 : 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only ....0.1yr, $7.00: 1 mo., 60c Sunday only ... 1¥r, $3.00:1mo, 25¢ Member of the The Associuted Press is exclusively entitled | to the use for republication of ull news d Datches eredited to it or not otherwi in this paper and alxo the local news pub- lished “herein. Al tx of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. ted Press. The Voice of America. Although he prefaced With an explicit declaration that he was “off dut and that there S “not the slightest taint of legality” in there, the o v Hughes at the Pilrime din- night mus=t b sion by the Ameri can Government the subject of Buropean relat and readjust ments. Couched in the most felicitous phrase, Mr. Hughes, who is a master of diplomatic expression, made plain to his hearers the peculiarly complex character of this Government. indeed, of this national community. Stressing the need of emphasis and explication in the aid of better understanding as to the “checks and balances” nature of this Government, he said that “in the international field our capacity for governmental action of a sustaining character depends upon a predominant sentiment whi'> brings the authori- ties of governimnt into union of ef- fort.” Mr. Hughes o doubt regarded the occasion as oppartune to restate the American position regarding participa tion directly and org: cally pean affairs. Dominant American sentiment, he said. is absolutely op-| posed to commitments which would promise the action of Congress in un- known contingencies. And he laid | down this fundamental proposition from which tlsre can be no dissent here save by those who are definitely and unalterably committed to partici pation in the league of nations: “Our people insist upon their liberty to form their decisions as contingencies arise.” The major purpose and meaning of the Secretary’s address lay in its ref- erence to the Dawes plan, which, as he pointed out, is not an official Ameri- can proposal. But expressing the be- | lief that the plan opens the path to confidence and prosperity, he said: For that reason we are deeply inter- ested in its prompt execution. My con. fidence that a way will be found to sur- mount all the existing difficuities lies in the fact that failure would invite chaos. There is no gain to any one in that. On the other hand. going forward with rea- sonable measures to put the plan into effect gives hope to all It was a fortunate coincidence that Secretary Hughes was speaking in london at the time of the presence there of representatives of the allied governments, secking in conference a practical basis for agreement upon | means to put the Dawes plan into operation. Thus, in effect. he was ad- dressing those representatives; he was speaking to those powers that are 8o acutely concerned in the establish- ment of a basis for settiement of the vexing problem of reparations. He did not, of course, speak with the voice of the American Government, for he had no mandate to that effect. But he spoke with the voice of the American people, which, though unofficially ut- | tered, is nevertheless potent for Euro- pean settlement. his remarks a speectt ner in London taken as an expre on ms a in Euro- Republican Notification Ceremony. Suggestion is made that the Repub- lican notification ceremony on August 14 be held at the Sylvan Theater in- stead of in Continental Memorial Hall. The Republican managers are con- mdering holding the ceremony in the open if the weather permits. The dis- covery has been made that Continental Hall, which seats 2,000 persons, may not be large enough to accommodate the thousands who would attend, and that because of the size of the hall, or its lack of capacity, admission would have to be by card. The Star a few days ago made this very suggestion. In the time of French kings one of them said that the people dearly love & spectacle. It is common knowledge today that we, the people, like a cele- bration. While a notification ceremony is not necessary, and, indeed, is su- perfluous, people have come to con- sider it @s part of a presidential cam- paign, a kind of overture, or curtain raiser, and they like to be present or to feel that they could be present if they could spare the time. A service of this kind should have a public char- acter. : ——— Both of the great national political parties feel that they can spare a few votes to the La Follette-Wheeler ticket and still win. ——t. Firemen and Noise. District authorities are seeking some way by which noise made by fire ap- | were set swinging. Everybody in town | town what iany { the death penalty. Theoretically, mur- | glee. They are no doubt joyous at having been awakened to attend a fire and they want all citizens to share their joy. There is probably nothing in the way of the engine, reel or truck, but the firemen are enthusias- tic and they would tell it to the world. and especially to Washington, that a fire has been found. In other times when a fire was dis- covered the bell on the headquarters of the Vulcan Volunteer Firehouse was rung and the church bells and the dinner bell in front of the hotel was supposed to be interested in the fire because it was the duty of every able-bodied man to help “man the pumps” or form a bucket brigade, and the ladies were expected to make hot coffee in Winter and lemonade in ummer for the heroes. In some small and obscure cities today the authori- ties have set up whistles which they call fire sirens. When box is “pulled” for an upset coal-oil lamp in the last house on Far End boulevard the n is set to work to tell the 7 be read a few hours later in ten words in the local paper. Fire noise is a tradition, and we are s0 busy overturning traditions that we might give a jolt to this one. Of course, if the firemen are blowing their sirens at midnight for help, near- ¢ every real citizen will put on his hat, coat, etc., and lend a hand, but as a rule firemen resent assistance, and say that civilians get in their way. At| rate it ought to be easy for fire- men to find their way to a fire and put | it out with less noise. is ——— The Law at Its Best. A sense of deep relief is felt as a result of yesterday's proceedings in Chicago, where counsel for the two vouths accused of atrocious crimes entered pleas of guilty in their behalf and asked for the judgment of the court in respect to their punishment. As a result of this unexpected move there will be no protracted jury trial. The country will be spared the spec- tacle of a long wrangle over venire- men in the effort to secure a jury without prejudice, or preconception, or bias on the subject of capital punish- | ment. Tt will be -spared, too, the de- moralizing tedium of legal wrangle: and extended arguments and con-| flicting s of expert witnesses. If the had gone to jury trial, it would probably have been stretched out for moenths in the first instance, with more months elapsing through appeals before final disposi tion occurred. It is most unusual for a person ac- cused of a capital crime to enter or to be allowed to enter a plea of guilty. Tt is almost an axiom of law that no person shall be permitted thus to avow his guilt of an offense involving | case many der is a crime of definition rather than effect, nd the commit- ting that crime is supposed to be in- competent to know whether or not he is guilty. There is, too, an element of suicide in such a plea, and the law does not tolerate self-destruction. In this case, it will be noted, the court formally asked the two defendants whether they realized that by plead- ing guilty they were subjecting them- selves to punishments ranging from imprisonment for 14 years to death. Upon their avowal that they so real-| ized, their pleas were accepted and entered. Praise is due to Clarence Darrnw.‘ counselin-chief for the defense, and his associates for the adoption of this course, which undoubtedly they rec- ommended to the families of the ac- cused youths. Mr. Darrow, who is a man of the highest probity and who in a long career of practice before the courts of this country has been involved in no questionable proceed- ing, has taken a view of this case that commands the admiration of all. He recognizes fully the abominable nature of the crime, mot merely charged, but clearly proved against his clients. He knows the possibilities of protracting the proceedings, of pil- ing up witnesses, of utilizing the large resources of the defendants’ families. But to what end? To con- fuse the minds of twelve jurymen, to secure the grounds for appeal, to keep the case running for several years on one technical ground after another, only in the end to see his clients punished, perhaps executed. In thus recognizing a duty to the public by taking the shortest possible course toward right conclusion, mak- ing for public security and public confidence in the law, Mr. Darrow has earned the highest admiration. He has set an example which may well be followed to the advantage of American justice. He has secured for his clients the utmost they could pos- sibly have had by any other pro- cedure, a judicial decision as to the nature of the penalty which the best interests of soclety demands as a proper punishment for an atrocious crime. - Those who accuse Mr. Harry Daugherty of trying to frame up Mr. ‘Wheeler are beginning to suspect that the methods of the ex-Attorney General, while energetic, were not thorough. ————er—; “The Boy Bootlegger” may prove a tempting title for the fictionist who asserts his right to approach the literary market on lines of easiest re- sistance. ——at— Philadelphia appreciates Gen. Smed- person paratus may be reduced. This should not be a problem to turn young men’s hair gray. To men who are not Dis- trict officials it seems that a -good way to reduce the fire engine noise ‘would be to cut some of it out. This ean be dona. At midday in the down- town streets it seems fair that the firemen should be allowed to blow sirens to thelr hearts’ content. Men driving and walking about downtown streets at that time have no right to be asleep, and the firemen are within thelr rights in waking them. But at night—say, midnight or, say, 2, or even 3, o'clock in the morning—when most men have gone home and streets, especially in the home dis- tricts, are not crowded with wagons and people, it seems that the firemen sshould not blow thetr sirens with such | =7 ley Butler so much that it is anxious to arrange & long vacation for him. Landmarks. People love @ landmark. Sometimes it may be & homely ruin, but people in their fancy will crown it with a wreath of romance even though ivy will not take the thing in its embrace. ‘Whenever a landmark is removed there are persons who sigh regretfully, and often when a landmark is threat- ened with removal many old-timers, who have come to see beauty and significance in it Wwhich other persons do not see, call a meeting of protest and resolve not only that the wood- man shall spare that tree, but that Progress shall not harm one gray stone of yon old landmark. + As an example there is the shot THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JULY 22, 1924 —_— ey e e S wPDAY, JULY S VA tower at Baltimore. It was bullt in 1828, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence laid the corner stone. It is 246 feet high. It is not believed that any architect would praise its style, and surely it has none of that quality which men call ‘“practical utility.” But it has been a skymark of Baltimore for almost a century. Old Baltimoreans remember that as boys they classed it as one of the seven wonders of the world. Their grandfathers thought of it as one of the towering monuments of earth. It s a thing of sentiment, and to thou- «ands of citizens Baltimore would not oe Baltimore without the shot tower. A private company owns the ground the tower stands on and has offered the landmark for sale. It contains more than a million brick, and these could be changed for a small bit of gold or a piece of silver. On the site of the tower something useful, such as a gas station or a lunchroom, could be built. Progress points its finger at the old tower and “Begone!” But the citizens arise. Civic and pa- triotic societies rally round the tower. The Municipal Art Society says it should stand. A move is on to buy the tower and its site, present them to the city of Baltimore and have a park at the base of the landmark. This plan will probably succeed, and to tell truth most of the people of Washing- ton will sympathize with the people of Baltimore in their effort to preserve the shot tower. We know how hard it is to part with some old landmarks and how hard it is to get rid of some others. v The Republican Campaign. William M. Butler, chairman of the Republican national committee, dis- cussing with frankness the “strategy” of the campaign of the Republican party in the contest for the presi- dency, gives the gratifying assurance that there will be nothing sectional in the campaign, but that it will be na- tion-wide. He explains that the Re- publicans do not propose to seek sup- port in one section of the country through concentrated and obvious ef- fort and try to gain it in another sec- tion by silence and cvasion of issue: Chairman Butler points out that the economic or social distress of any part of the country a matter of national concern to be dealt with as such, “and that,” he adds, “is the principle upon which we will conduct our campaign.” This is high ground, and the Repub- lican management is to be congratu lated upon taking it. Carrying out such a program means avoidance of raising class issues; it means that no one section of the country is to be promised advantage over another if the Republican party remains in power, and no false promises are to be held out to sway any particular clement of the electorate. It affords no material for the demagogue. The campaign promises to be a clean one.as between the two major parties. With President Coolidge and John W. Davis as the heads of the re- spective tickets there will be no “mud- slinging.” The record of each is clean, and the country is in for a campaign on issues and not personalities. I, So many matters of pressing impor- tance have arisen that many people no longer regard the future welfare of the Nation as dependent on whether or not Henry Ford secures the Muscle Shoals concession. — e The Manhattan prestige of Gov. Al Smith has been perceptibly increased by the opportunity he so ably im- proved to assert himself as a near- presidential candidate. R Base ball is the great American sport, but this fact does not prevent the U. S. A. from showing versatile proficiency in the Olympic games. —— e After a sojourn in Europe, Mr. Mc- Adoo is expected to feel that the prob- lems of American politics are com- paratively easy. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSO: The Human Element, “Travelin’,” said Poker Bill, what it used to be, ‘When they ran the steamer Natchez and the Robert E. J.ee. They had their gains and losses an’ nobody took it hard When they gambled crops of cotton on the turning of a ecard. “ain’t “The aeroplane is wonderful and speedy. Just the same There isn't room on board to start a penny ante game The motor cars go tumblin® all along the thoroughfare Holdin’ foolish little parties, for which none with sense will care. “We get from where we started, to where we're goin’ to. With gas and electricity; there's al- ways somethin’ new. But there ain’t the human interest like what they used to see When they ran the steamer Natchez and the Robert E, Lee.” Obstruction. “Do you rely on the will of the ma- Jority?” “Excepting in case of a filibuster,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Then we have to consider the won't of a minority. Jud Tunkins says he is still hopin’ his taxes will be reduced to a point where he can actually pay 'em. Art! These are the things we heed with care As modern art discourses; Bichloride tablets here and there And now and then divorcea. In the Air. “What is the precise object of the afrplane flight ™ "Look here!™ exclaimed the aviator. “We've got to try things out as we go along, We'll never get anywhere if we're ‘expected to give a precise ex- planation every time somebody says, “For what purpose does the gentleman risel ™ = “Poverty,” said Uncle Eben, “ain’ no disgrace, but dat fact don’t give you no incouragement to put on airs towards de landlord.” Answers to Questions BY FREDERIC J. HASEIN Q. Why has the transcontinental afr mail service a time schedule of only 32 hours and § minutes going east, while it takes 34 hours and 35 minutes on the westward trips?— W.J R A. The Post Office Department says that the reason for the schedule of the air mail plane is the fact that going west there is a prevailing head wind which delays somewhat. The planes also stop at Rawlings go- ing west, whereas they do not com- ing east. Q. Which coal makes a hotter fire, Pennsylvania or Colorado anthra- cite?—E. M. V. A. Analyses made by the Bureau of Mines indicate that Pennsylvania and Colorado anthracites have ap- proximately the same heating value. Q. What state had the largest pop- ulation when the first census was taken?—A. N, A. Virginia was first with a popu- lation of D e 747.610, Penn ond, with 434,373; then North Caro- lina, 393,751; Massachusetts, 378,787, and New York fifth with 340,120, Q. Why was the name “strawberry” given to the {ruit?—V. Lo W. A. The name “strawberry” is de- rived from the Anglo-Saxon. The ex- act application of the word “straw” to the berry s uncertain. The old Angto-8axon word literally means “that which & acattered about,” and was originally apilied to the broken stalks of graln after threshing. In | connection ‘with the berry, the word | may be taken in the sense of a long stem, referring to the runners of the plant, or it may allude to an old habit of stringing the berries on traw. The word is often explained as a corruption of the supposed stray :»‘»;‘r.\‘, OF e a8 referring to the common use of straw or hay abo the plants to keep the ecarth from soiling the berries. No corresponding word appears in other languages. Q. When was the En, brought to this country? A. The English brought to the United States from England in 1850 by Nicholas Pike and other directors of the Brooklyn Insti- tute, when eight pairs wer. ate in Brooklyn, N. Yo S berate Q. How old phical Society ish sparrow —J. H. G. sparrow was is the Roval Geogra- of England?—M A. This society was founded in 1830. ~ Tts object is to collect, register, digest and print in a cheap and convenient form such useful and discoveries as interesting facts and the society might from time to time acquire. Tt has always welcomed to its fellowship those anxious to fur- ther this object by their interest and Support as well as those able to take a more active part in their work of discovery and explorations. Q. Is there an like a pistol size?—R. E. A. The National Rifle Association does not know of any air gun that is designed like a pistol. It would be impossible on such a design to pro- cure a barrel length sufficiently long to permit the construction of a suffi- | ciently strong spring and air com- pression cylinder. Q grown A air gun designed and of the same How long have cucumbers been —~W. N. G. The cucumber is one of the oldest of the garden vegetables. It had its origin some 3,000 years ago in the Far East, probably in India. Q. What is lemon sole?—J. E B. A. It isakind of flounder. It isa fish well liked in England and is found near Boston and Gloucester on our coast. It is called lemon sole on account of its light color. Q. What is a pariah?—A. C. A. The word is used to mean an outcast or one despised by society. This is not what the word meant orig- inally, since a pariah was not an outcast nor the lowest in caste rank but a member of a low caste i Southern India and Burma, just be- low Sudra ran Q. Why does one speak of some- thing not wanted as a white ele- phant?—M. W, A. It was the custom of the King of Siam to send a white elephant to a courtier whose fortune he wished to destroy; hence something one has and does not know what to do with. | is white sauce made?—M. A. The making of white sauce de- pends upon the use to which it is to be put. For soups, use one cup milk, | one tablespoon fat and one table- spoon flour. For cream sauces, dou- ble the amount of flour, and when using the sauce as a binding agent (croquettes, etc.) use four tablespoons of flour to one cup of milk and one tablespoon of shortening. Q. How long did it take Noah Web- ster to compile his dictionary?—M. A. Noah Webster began his prep- aration for his American Dictionary of the English Language in 1807, and published it in 1825, Previous to 1807 he had published a speller and a “Compendious Dictionary,” both of which were probably helpful in the new undertaking. ~The American dictionary contained 12,000 more word and about 40,000 more defin tions than had appeared in any Eng- lish dictionary published before his. | Q. What language did Pennsylvania Dutch come from?—O. E. B. A. The idiom of the Pennsylvania Dutch is really high German. It is a fusion of Franconian, Alemannic and other German dialects, with an admixture of English varying from 1 per cent in rural districts to a large percentage in towns. Q. Who was H. H."—S. G. A. A H._H. was the pseudonym of Helen Maria Fiske, who was Mrs. Hunt and afterward Mrs. Jackson. Q. Is there any means of softening the bristles of a toothbrush that seem hard enough to injure the gums? —H.D.T. A. The bristles of a toothbrush may be softened by soaking in hot water. Q. Kindly tell me in what ‘year was the rain of stars.—A. E. M. A. The Naval Observatory says you probably refer to the great star show- er of November 12, 1833, which lasted five or six hours, and was seen every- where in the United States. Q. What is meant by the initials A M. after a date?—M. Z. A. The initials stand for anno mundi, in the year of the world. Q. Was Claude Duval a real or fic- titious character? E A. Claude Duval was a notorious highwayman, born in Domfront, Nor- mandy, 1643 He was a follower of the Duke of Richmond at the time of the Reformation, but forsook him for the life of a highwayman. He was famous for his gallantry to women as well as for his audacity and rob- beries. He was captured while in- toxicated, and executed in 1670 at Tyburn. A part of the inscription on his tomb in Covent Garden Church is as follows: “Here lies Du Vall; Read er it male thou art Look to thy purse; if female to thy heart.”” Q. I understand that honeydew melon s not good until after frost. 1s this true?—W. L. H. A. The Department of Agriculture says that there is mo truth in this statement. However, successful cul- ture of this variety is:uncertain east of the Rocky. Mountains. Q. How many patents have: been issued on bicycles?—J. A. N. A. More than 5,000 inventions have been patented in connection with the development of the velocipede and bicycle. (Hove you & question you waont an- m(ondl Sead it to The Star Informa- A west. The only charge for this service i3 2 cents in stamps for retwrn postage.). IN TODAY’S BY PAUL Americans have heard much of the warning by George Washington against permitting this country to become in- volved in ‘“entangling alliances” with European countries, yet, in 1906, we entered into an alliance with practically all of Europe when we participated in the Algeciras conference and became a party to the international administra- tion of Tangiers. OQur interest therein consisted in the protection of some. 25 Americans and In economic considera- tions of a limited commerce. Today the European powers are asking us to surrender the protective features of that arrangement and participate in a consular committee of control, while we abandon our extraterritorial rights and trust to justice of the organized consular court ‘of that committee, * ok ox % In 1905, owing to the chaotic state of Morocco, the Sultan requested the pow- ers to meet in conference at Algeciras, Morocco, and decide as to the best man- ner of preserving the sovereignty of his throne and recovering the pros- perity, or at least the financial inde- pendence of his country. When the de- talls of the conference act had been agreed upon by the representatives of the powers, the Sultan's representative declined to sign it until it had been accepted by his sovereign, and the King of ltaly was requested to procure the Sultan's adherence, which he did. Conspicuous in its provisions as ulti- mately agreed upon was « specific res- ervation by the Sultan “Based in the first instance on three principles, namely, maintenance of our sovercignty rights, of the independence of our aforesaid empire, and of eco- nomic liberty in the matter of public works."” * k% * The act of Algeciras stipulated re- forms as follows: (a) The organiza- tion of the police; (b) the illicit trade in arms; (c) the creation of a Moor- ish state bank; (d) an improved yield of taxes and the creation of new sources of revenue; (e) the regula- tion ot the customs and suppression of the fraud of smuggling: (f) the public services and the public works. All these “reforms” were to be con- trolled by an international body of “diplomatic agents,” representing the ignatory powers, although exercised in the Sultan. The proposed a charter for 40 sole duty (power) of treasurer of the empire and financial agent of the govern- ment. This bank was to be give priority in loans to the government. though the government might also apply to other banks for loans. in case” the Morocco state bank could not mmodate it. The bank wa to be governed by laws, not of Mo- rocco but of France. Thus France tical control of the finances co, in spite of the Sultan's retention of his empty “sovereign rights.” v years, with the disbursing = x United States signed, after the signiture of Germany, Aus- tria-Hungary, Belgium, Spain, Franc Great Britain, Italy, th. therlands, Portugal, Russia and Sweden, our ambassador to France, Henry White, made the following reservation “The government of the United States, having no political interes Morocto and no desire or purpose having animated it to take part in this conference other ithan to secure to all peoples the widest possible equality of trade and privilege with Morocco, and to facilitate the insti- tution of reforms in that country tending to insure complete cordialit of intercourse without, and stabilit of administration within, for the common good, declares that, in ac- quiescing in the regulations and declarations of the conference, in be- coming a signatory to the general act of Algeciras, * * * and in ac- cepting the application of those reg- ulations and declarations to Amer| can citizens and interests in Moroce: it does so without assuming obliga- tion or responsibility for the enforc ent thereof.” MY the State Department it is said that this is the only instance in the of the United States in which Attack Upon U. When the SPOTLIGHT V. COLLINS we have joined with other nations in the administration of any ter- ritory. * oKk ok ok The whole story of political trigue leading up to this interna- tional act of Algeciras of 1906 is too complicated to outline here, but its general nature is set forth by ld- mund D. Morel, an English publicist who has specialized in African fairs as honorary secretary of the Kongo Reform Associatfon and editor of ‘the African Mail. Mr. Morel traces to the Morocean conspiracy, with its international bargains parceling out territory of other pe ple, some of the lines of intern tional cleavage leading to the chm, in the world war. In his pamphiet, “Morocco and Armageddon,” nhe Lwrites “With in- af- a_caleulated crueity and perfidy which has seldom been ex- ceeded in the recora of Kuropean diplomacy, the rulers of AMoroceo were bullied, tricked, exploited, led | to borrow large sums at usurious in- terest, muleted in preposterous claims for compensation on the least possible provocation. Little by hLitt European finance dug its grip into Morocco's entrails until all national resources of revenue were hypothe- cated to pay interest to luropean bondholders.” First one piece of ter- ritory was filched, then another. The authority of the Sultan was ys- tematically ~ undermined. Quarrels were forced upon the unhappy co try upon every possible oceasion Thousands upon thousands of Moors were slain. Their land was extorted | and wrested from them by seandalous | transactions, both financial and polit- ical. Finally Morocco sank Into bloody ¢ Its independ a integrity arcd. 1L bel a French protectorate, in defiance of solemn treaty _obligations. * * = The Moors have lost their independ- ence and their country. But, it it be any satisfaction to them, they have their revenge. For the legacy of in- ternational ill will to which their treatment gave rise must count as one of the most powerful of the orig- inating_causes of a war which fnnds Great Britain and Germany at one another's throats.” * x ¥ % Now comes a proposal from France, Spain and Great Britain to abolish the act of Algeciras and substitute a consular committee of control, consisting of the consuls of tne powers signatory to the Algeciras act. The alleged need for change in the form of international govern- |ment is the elimination of Germany | by the treaty of Versailles and the | expansion of French “influence” in Morocco. The consular committee is | to be organized, according to the relative Importance of the powers to their Tangiers interests—kranc will have four members, Spain four, Britain three, Italy two, America and each of the other signatories one £k K x The consular committee of control will constitute the Senate of the Mo- roccan legislative body, and repre- sentatives appointed by the Sultan will form the lower body. The new plan is to go into effect August 1, taking over the actual government of French, British, 610; Ttalians, 330; Portuguese, 200, and Dutch, 50. It is said that in some way France holds a dominating pow- er, in spite of the equality between its representation and that of Spain, although there are four Spaniards to every Frenchman in Morocco. The act of Algeciras gave the right to each signatory to try its own na- tionals in its own consular courts. That right now will be abolished, and all aliens will be tried in a court ap- pointed by the Committee of Control. | Our State Department protests that the new plan, with its division of authorit. is anomalous, for the con- sular committee will be accountable to no one power and no power will become responsible for its acts. How- ever, all that we now ask is further definition of certain of the provisions, while continuing our alliance in the joint administration, wherein we are |powerless to exercise influence except in the ratio of 1 to 1 (Copyright, 1924, by Pa S. Rule in Haiti fards, 8,000 - Colline.) Fails to Impress Most Editors Comparatively little importance Is attached by the American press to the recent attack upon the rule of the United States in Haiti before the International Federation of League of Nations Societies at Lyon, France. Most of the editors commenting on the matter merely resent the dis- cussion before the federation and the applause that followed the speech of Dantes Bellegarde, former Haitian Minister to Paris, while opponents of the league of nations point to the incident as an indication of what might happen if the United States were in the league. “Not that the conference has any official character, being merely a meeting of ‘league of nations so- cleties, such as exist in many coun- tries to create and maintain senti- ment favorable to the league’ says the Boston Traveler, but “there is something of a shock in the thought that America’s policy in dealing with any smaller nation in the Western Hemisphere is publialy criticized in a European city, however well it may have been defended, in turn, by an AT:”TI‘:; opinion of the Chicago Tribune: “Justice and liberplhgn for the Haitians get the leaguists’ ova- tion, but the American intervention in Haiti has been one of the most honorable achievements in the his- tory of any strong nation's dealing with a weak. * * * Meanwhile the incident at Lyon reminds us that Haiti is a member of the league of nations, and if we were also we should be presently debating in that body our right to prevent the Hai- tians from making themselves a nuisance and a danger to our peace. * * ¥ ¥ “If the International Federation of League of Nation Societies can tackle questions that do not concern it,” the Boston Transcript asks, ‘“how many more questions of the same kind could the league of nations tackle?” In the view of the ruling class that “formerly preyed upon the people the supervisory government flagrantly violates the rights of Haitl,” the New York Times suggests, “but to the mass of the people it is a pro- tector and a practical friend, who provides employment, pays good wages and is developing the resources of the country for the general wel- fare.” “Whatever the results attained in the occupation of Haitl, the inten- tion has been and is benovolent,” ac- cording to the Kansas City Post, which maintains that “beyond the aid to enforcement of laws of its own making, the Haitian government has sustained no loss of freedom in the occupation and it is to pe regretted that the humanitarian attitude of America is so misunderstood as to have been made the basis of the petition to the league.‘of nations.” . ‘While some Americans “with short Hai i have become greatly wrought | up” over the speech of the Haitian | delegate, the Indianapolis News is| confident that “no informed person is much disturbed by charges that the United States is unfair to Haiti.” | As the Worcester Telegram sees it, “the continuance of American con- trol may be hateful to such political gentlemen as M. Bellegarde, but only under such control has Haiti been clean, healthful, safe, decently be- haved and prosperou: Regardless of any action taken| before the federation, the New Or- leans Times-Picayune feels: *It is improbable that the course of this country will be affected in any way. It is more than likely that this con- ference will create a little more mis- understanding and a little more il will toward the unhappy league of nations. The similasity in name will confuse some. Otlyrs will point to this discussion as am example of what we might expect if we joined the league of nations ourselves, And yet such a conference might well be of great value.” * e 8 Another view {s presented by the Hartford Times: “We Americans buck up in the middle every time we hear the faintest suggestion that America might learn something vol- .untarily from association with other nations. We see a super-state where none exists, and yet we marvel at the feelings of Haitians who see and feel a super-state in visible and tangible form every time they walk | down the street. Add to the curious but natural desire of peoples—even ‘natives'—to wipe their own noses and sign there own checks a sus- picion that American sanitary regula- tions are secondary to American cupidity, and you have the crux of the independence movement in Hai After all, Haiti has some claim to consideration, even if we do keep her clean when she would rather remain dirty. Failure to consider these psychological factors in the situation will make trouble for us as certainly as similar failures have made trouble for every imperialistic nation that has been unable to do its pilfering tactfully.” To the Mother of Calvin Coolidge, Jr. There on the hiliside, where the buttercups brim And daisles grow, modest, like him, You have left us your son, but he’s not alone, For each Vermont mother has calied him her own. simple and Words are so futile to give your heart rest A silence that understands deeply is best. And New England women are apt o be brief, But the grief of your mother- heart now Is our grief. BLANCHE F. GILE. |him—of Dr. | stepping | for five NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM PEOPLE YO well. KNOW. Young Bos- Boni & Liveright. True, probably, that every one of us possesses the Boswell complex True, certainly, that not one of us can, nowadays, find a Dr. Johnson upon whom to exercise it. That com- mon desire to draw close to the great, to the near great even, is not £yco- phancy, as the cynic so stoutly avers. Rather is it an instinctive effort to realize, though vicariously, our own latent ' greatness. Those to whom fame has nodded, to whom success has granted audience, objectify our own unfulfilled dreams, our unat- tained hopes, the goal so far beyond our own powers of personal achieve- ment. We are, therefore, simply seeking ourselves as we crowd into the warm and sunny zone where suc- cess stands in the person of actor or writer or singer. of money king or| political wise man, of the champion or leader along any line of endeavor. Here in Washington we pause, invol- untarily and all keen interest, to see Mr. Coolidge go by, or Senator Borah, or Mary Roberts Rinehart, or Walter Johnson. In this we are neither crawling nor climbing, We are fI ing. instead, out into the open places where our own hidden powers become personified and active through those who have achieved. * x % In the eighteenth century, when THIS AND THAT “In the poor man's garden gro Far more than herbs and flow: Kind thoughts, contentment, pegc of mind And joy for weary hours.” A stranger came and looked the back fence into the little garden “Your back yard looks like a lion dollars,” he said. “Now I n had any luck with flowers.” * ks had er After he gone away fRhe | thought came: Why luck? Tom Jones worked for many years, fitted himself for a position, had a goal in his mind all that time, finally got there, then all his friends said: “Jones is @ lucky beggar Many of them, indeed. did not know of the hours and hours put in by Jones to “get there’ have any idea at all of the background he had for the work. He never hoaste 1 about it. So they called it luck * ¥ * do they attribute succes: It takes more than luck to grow even a small backyard garden to the point where the spectator feeis— “One is nearer God's heart in a garden Than anywhere else on earth.” It takes money, perseverance, labor, time. Luck comes last of all. Ask any gardener, no matter how the original Boswell, James, went down to London, he found there an | utocratic, blustering, vain man, no | longer young, but one withal whose mind was of a splendor and influence | to make Boswell count it | enough of glory merely to follow Dr. | Johnson, to sit and stand before him, | to come and go at his beck and call provided only that he might be privi- | leged to set down the thoughts and actions of the great man. The event proved that Boswell was right, for one of the lasting things in literature came from his photographic report of the mind and moods and behaviors of the great Dr. Johnson. * x x % Nowadays, when we go a Boswelling it takes a hundred modern men to fill the girth of that one eighteenth- century man. The first move is to collect our Johnsons. That is what young Boswell did for the purposes of “people you know.” From New York and its neighborhood, where the arts and the artful do mostly | congregate, he rounded up dozens of Johnson. In general ef- fect, however, this is not an assem- blage. Rather, a procession, a brisk- one at that, out of which sWift close-ups appear and pass on, €ach only an instant of contact—in. dividual, fresh, interesting. It is, on the whole, a too hurried movement, and one, besides, in which voung Bos- well effaces himself too completely. Genius, no less than mediocrity, needs managing. Hardly fair, though, to hold up young Boswell for skimping and short-cutting when at the outset he promised only touch nd-go en counters with a lot of Johnsons, who seemed to him interesting. So they are. So is he. § £y and by to see the Johnsons, or a few of them, at least, pass be- fore their Boswell. Here comes Wil- liam Lyon Phelps with his dog Rufus H. He is talking, casually, about a famous chair of his. The real cen- ter of interest, thougn, is Rufus H. And this recalls a time when he lec- tured in Washington. Upon the plat- form a kitten, very much at home, was walking about. As he passed if Mr. Phelps scooped it up into his arms, saying, “Even kittens come to lectures "in “Washington.” That is like him, when he speaks. A natural, genial, learned and stimulating man, When he writes the teacher comes more to the front. And a teachers ink is bound to run a shade drab. This next Johnson is Theodore Dre. ser talking, not over buoyantly, of the future of American literature, while he industriously makes an ac- cordion-pleated contraption out of his big handkerchief. The lady? That is Mr® Harry Pavne Whitney, talk- ing of the spirit of the time express- ed in architecture, as the City of New | York expresses it. A beautiful and | inspiring city she declares it to be, because it is the “outgrowth of a ne- cessity combined witn the beauty of a new form.” Much more beautiful than Washington, so this artist says. Why? Because “the buildings in Washington are copies of old build- ings which are very beautiful in themselves—beautiful in their proper settings—but which nave nothing to do with the idea of an American capital. A Greek temple turned into an office building hasn't much sense.” The lady opposite is Mrs. Fiske, speaking rapidly, vivaciously, ear- nestly: “Some day women will wake to the crime of dressing themseives in furs and skins, as savages once had to do, dangling dead animals around their throats. The unforgiv- able thing is the act of cruelty to the helpless. There isn't a human being who would have the courage to face, minutes, such an experience as a trapped animal faces. Sta tion, pain, unspeakable fright, at- from ‘other animals, fever, Sick- ness! The human race is frankly in terror of pain and torture. But how blithely we hand over the dumb ani- mals to torture! Think of a foxhunt! A lot of healthy, cheerful, prosperous people pursuing a poor, helpless lit- tle fox! James Let's s XA They are going by in droves now— these Johnsons. Too many to be counted — play-makers and actors, painters and illustrators, dancers and musicians, composers and performers, architects and sculptors, novelists and poets. There goes Robert W. Chambers, the prince of best sellers, who Is e revealed as authority on forests, and American history “and cats, one who started out as painter and illustrator. Here comes Edward Bok talking so fast about the Phila- delphia Forum that one is able to catch only a word here and there about the amazing success of this enterprise in putting the best of culture before all the people upon terms within reach of all. At the moment of passing he is stoutly de- claring that people prefer the best, that ail the people like the good in music and_pictures, and poetry and fiction, and will take it every time When it is placed within their reach. Maybe so. He believes it at any rate and is working ardently along the line of that belief. That's Daniel Chester French, and that one is Hugh Walpole with Hilaire Belloc behind him. Dozens and dozens of them, all at a moment of interest—just one intimate touch and then forward to give place to another one. ERE I When breakfast has been of the wrong sort, there is no such thing as wanting to get by H. L. Mencken's growl. One agrees, in such a mo- ment, with Mencken when he says, as he does here, that there is very little civilization in America. “In the Eastern part of the country I should say that the proportion of Sivilized people is about the same as in Europe. It is smaller in the South and West, and in some parts of the country, there is none at all. I am fold that Arkansas is a place where there are no civilized people at all.’ Meanwhile, I suppose, that they are not civilized in the Mencken sense— but neither is Mencken. * nlelH.genl. oh, yes, “in their homely way” and with “a homely humor that is highly developed.” Coming back to the East, “I don't think New York is American by any means. It is gradually be- coming a separate state. It is al- Wways breaking the laws set up. by other States, or at least breaking the sense of decency and the morals of the rest of the country. New York has become a kind of outlaw.” And small his plot of ground is. One of the’finest things about gardening that you do not have to have a plac like Twin Oaks. It gives it« pleasures to the po sessor of a little land. much as it doe to him who owns many. acres. After I, a rose bush only takes a squars foot of ground. A hundred bush are but one multiplied by 100. Six feet of sweet Alyssum is as good « 600 feet. R Looking at the little garden, the stranger who called it “luck” might have been astonished at just how much it cost, in dollars and cents. Here is the material side of a gar- den: $3, for labor in January. one load manure. 50 pounds of humus. rose bushes. 5, more roses. . more roses. more roses. 5. lilac bushes. plants (pansies, tunias) §1, hardy ur, phlox. 30" cents, flower seeds. 60 cents. more flower seeds. 25, one peck lawn grass seed 45 cents, terrace grass seed 50 cents, lawn fertilizer. cents, more flower seeds labor. foxglove, pe That was just the start. To it must be added: $12.40, lawn mower. $1.50, ‘spade 50 cents, trowels. $9.75, hose. 65 cents, 65 cents. 60 cents, 85 $2 rake. watering pot. grass clippers cents, insect sprayer, 6.90, total. ik * nd spray. - Adding §: to $26.90, gives a total of $61.90. To this still must be added recent purchases: £6 cents, white clover. 68 cents. bone meal . sheep manure. $2.55, total. Adding this to the previous tota gives a grand total of $64.45. That's more than luck. * x * % Six dollars of the above could have been saved as easy as not, the money spent for labor, if the gardener had been the possessor, at the beginning of the season, of as much confidence as he has now. The man leaning over the fence did not take into consideration, either, the hours of time necessary to bring a backyard composed entirely of red clay. bare, hard red clay, into the blooming state, carpeted with gra holding many fragrant blossoms, Stones had to be removed from be neath the surface by the score, many of them larger than a dog. Then there were pieces of tin, bricke, tar, corn cob pipes, wire, nai glass. and what not, all to be go n out The ground was dug up, covered with fertilizer, and allowed to weather a!! winter. In the spring it was turned under, grass seed sown, and rolled. _ Later came hours of planting, weed- ing, cultivating, cutting the grass. sprinkling. * % % % That was more than just luck, t “Come into the garden, Maud. For that black bat, night, has flown.’ Now the backyard is coming into its own, with greater beauties in prospect. It is not much of a garden, as gardens go. but it is a thousand fold better than it was six months ago. Undoubtedly others have secured better results at much less cost. May- be some one started a new garden on 10 cents. A genius at gardening might do it. The experiences of other Washington backyard gardeners this season would be interesting. One thing is certain—their stories would show that it takes more than luck to grow a garden, or do almost any- thing else. S Views on White Indians. Writer Tells of People Found In Philippines. To the Editor of The Stapp I have read with great interest the many interesting news items you have published in your paper regard- ing the so-called diseovery of the Panama White Indians by Mr. Rich- ard O. Marsh. I wish to give my opinion regarding this pecent disco ery of these white Indlans whose an cestors are believed op supposed by some to be white. In the first place, T do mot intend to make this letter a challenge to the discoverer and others having the same belief. This Is a mere opinion of one who has seen persons that re- semble exactly the white Indians 'Way over in the Philippines you can find_natives whose skins are white. Explanations given for this are va- ried and interesting, but I will only relate one to prove that the ancestor< of those so-called white Indians are not white. It has been the common and pre- vailing belief among the Filipinos that mothers of children of this com- plexion, during the period of concep- tion, watch hour by hour the sun rise in the east until it sinks to the west to rest. Mothers of these chiidren have an intense love for the sun or the moon. It is said that it is thisx special interest and attention of the mother to the buruing sun or silver moon that make her offsprings bear in their complexion the whiteness of the moon or sun. £ 1t the result of the investigation of the famous scientists now studying the white Indians is contrary to this theory, 1 wish to suggest that thev carry further their work of investi- gation in the Philippines, for they will there find many children having exactly the same complexion and features as the white Indians of Pan- ama. MANUEL G. ZAMORA. e One indication that the Turks are becoming modern is the fact that the Angora deputies have begun to distribute free seed among their constituents.—Detroit Free l'ress. At the age of six a boy thinks his father is the smartest man on earth; at the age of sixteen he imagines more, quite a good deal more, in sim- jlar strain thay fits the poor-break- fast mood like Hand in glove. I G. M. that he has forgotten more than the “old man” ever knmew.—lllinois State Journal.