Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1924, Page 11

CHARGES ATTACK M- E- " MADE ON SCHOOLS Attempt to Discredit Their Work Alleged by Secretary of N. E. A. > ANNUAL REPORT FEATURE Dr. H. S. Pritchett and Dr. N. M. Butler Arraigned. Charges that Dr. Henry S. Pritch- ett, president of the Carnegie Foun- dation, und Dr. Nicholas Murray But- ler of Columbia University have gone out of their way discredit tie work of the schools were made by J. W. Crabtree, secretary of the Na- tional Education Association, in his annual report submitted to the sixty- second annual convention of the or- ganization at a session of the general assembly today in the Central High School auditorium. “In the annual report of the secre- tary for 1923, said Mr. Crabtree, at- tention was called to an organized oifort to reduce school privileges. “Reference was made to the influence of the annual report of the Carnegie Foundation by its president, Dr. Henry S. Pritchett. Instances were given showing that a part of the plan was to attack outstanding leaders in public school education. The year has added materially to the certainty of a united opposition development of the o the further schools. The president of the Car- again repeated to negie Foundation has his criticism of the work of the pub- lic schools. Many a leader has dur- ing the year felt the force of well organized attacks on this program and policies. Dr. Butler Accused. “Nicholas Murray Butler of Colum- bia University, whose life record as 1o lack of knowledge or appreciation of the common schools of the nation is much the same as that of Dr. Pritchett, has gone out of his way to discredit the work of the schools. In an address bLefore she Ohio Bar Assoclation he made the amazing statement that, ‘It would surprise a great many excellent persons to be told that the school upon whose maintenance they are pouring out al- most unlimited sums raised by public tax were doing all they reasonably could to implant a spirit of lawless- S in those who came under_thefr uence. And yet, says Dr. Butler, hat i sber truth.” This address was r to the Congressional Rec ord by a Massachusetts congressman and has been mailed out to all parts of the country under his frank. The fact that Dr. Butler's statement is erroneous and the fact that he is not recognized as a spokesman for the public schools by those who represent the schools will not prevent laymen from being influenced by it. Whether this address idely distributed to injure the public schools or to dis- seminate Dr. Butler's views in oppo- sition to the prohibition amendment, also a feature of the Ohio address, it certain that those who are fight- ing the schools seck, by quoting Dr. Butler, t that the schools are responsil awlessness through- out the country. Sces Use of Catspaws. “It is now surmised that some of the heartless interests opposing the further development of education largely to Keep taxes down to the mimmum are making catspaws of sume of those who offer objections from u religious point of view. This particular opposition fears the rights of parents are being taken over by the schools, and that the costs of schools and’ school buildings are be- yond reason. These people are led to Oppose a department of education be- cause it will develop unduly the costs of education and increase the tend- ey to give the schools greater ithority over children. If true that there is a connection of this kind and that an element is ‘being used,’ it will Le definitely known in due time and the connection will immediately be- come ineffective. Tax-dodgers will bear watching. They are choking the life out of schools in more than one community. “There i no fight directed toward the private or religious schools. There should be none. These insti- tutions have their place and receive the encouragement of this association. There are thousands of teachers in private schools in the membership of the association. These schools should have the respect of public school au- thorities, Great contributions to hu- man_betterment are made by both religious and secular private schools, as well as by our great system of public education. Our chiliren and youth need these schools snd many more. The big interests work great injury to private schools in attempt- ing to prejudice them against the public schools. The teachers of pri- viate hools and all other teachers realize that in a democracy the foun- dation for success is a democratic education. The public schools are ad- mirably adapted to give that training; the private schools ought to teach in harmony with the same ideas. There is no fight on between these forces themselves. Nine-tenths of our pub- C hool teachers appreciate the icn and importance of our pri- vate educational enterprises and nine- tenths of our private school teachers value and understand the necessity of pubiic school education “These big interests should not be permitted to drive the wedge which might separate them. Hits “Money-Hearted Rich.” “Gireat credit is due to wealthy men and women wHo have contributed generously to the support of worthy school —enterprises and projects. There is a class, however, composed of the money-hearted rich and an ar- rogant aristocrady which is violently opposing the adequate support of th schools. This element is now receiv-'| ing unexpected help. It has the active help of a fault-finding group. The opposition to the policies of the association, as well as to the progress of the public schools, therefore comes from both extremes in society. These radical fire-eating factors not only attack policies, but they question mo- tives and reflect on the good name of officers of the association and of cer- tain leaders in the profession. It is always a duestion as to whether such criticism should Teceive attention or whether it should be ignored. It is certainly embarrassing when small group gossip Is permitted to serve as the foundation of widely circulated criticisms. Perhaps the View of Miss Nielson, state superintendent of pub- lic instruction of North Dakota, that ‘the more you step on mud the broader it becomes' is the wiser view to take. Where statements are clear- 1y libelous in character it may not be an easy matter for the officer to take this view. As a rule to ignore is the severest blow that can be dealt the type of critic who lives only on opposition and who unduly craves the thrill of notoriety coming from it all. The relationship of the teachers to democratic ideals of government will be discussed at the final night session of the convention tonight in the Central Stadium., The speakers in- clude Mary F. Mooney, vice principal of the Washington School ~of ‘San Francisco; Senator Copeland of New York, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, honorary president of the League of Women ~ Voters, and John H. Mac- Cracken, president of Lafayette Col- lege. Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, scheduled as one of the speaker: notified N. E. A. headquarters today that he will be unable to attend. A Tepresentative of the federation will speak for him. The convention will come to a close tomorrow morning with special ex- ercises in the Central Stadium at which President Coolldge will speak. Music will be furnished by the United States Navy Band under the direction of Charles Benter. A chorus of 1,000 Washington school children also will Pilgrimages Tomorrow to Eleven Points of Interest Prominent Feature of the Sixty-Second Annual Session. Pilgrimages to the shrines of his- toric interest in Washington and con- tiguous country tomorrow, will bring to an interesting climax the sixty- second annual convention of the Na- tlonal Education Association. Eleven points of interest will be visited by the various groups of teachers; and patriotic exercises will be held at each, beginning at 2:30 o'clock. Places Linted for Visitation. These pilgrimages will be made to the following places: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, in Arlington cemetery—Ambrose Cort, state director of the National Edu- cation Association in New York, will be the chairman. Maj. Gen. John F. O'Ryan, O. R. C., of New York City, will be’ the speaker. Lincoln Memorial—R. E. Williams, State director of the National Edu- cation Association of Louisville, will preside. The speaker will be Francls G. Blair, state superintendent of pub- lic instruction of Illinois. Memorial Continental Hall—Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook, president gen- eral of the Daughters of the Amer- ican Revolution, will preside. Homer H. Seerley, president of the Iowa State Teachers' College, will be the speaker. American Red Cross building—Mary McSkimmon of Brookline, Mass., wiil preside. R. G. Jones, superintendent of schools of Cleveland, Ohio, will be the speaker. Walter Reed Hospital—Secretary of U. 3. HAS BIG PART INPUBLIC TRAINING N. E. A. Speakers Tell of Ex- tensive Educational Work of Departments. What various government depart- ments and bureaus are achieving of educational value to the country and posterity was described to the Educa- tional Press Association of America by prominent speakers last night at the Cosmos Club. The activities of the Department of Agriculture, the bureau of standards, the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian Institution were partic- ularly stressed by such speakers as C. W. Warburton, Dr. George K. Bur- gess, Appleton P. C. Griffin and Dr. J. Walter Fewkes. The Department of Agriculture alone keeps a staff of 4,600 men and women busy and spends $19,000,000 a vear educating farm families by means of a co-operative extension system, declared Mr. Warburton, di- rector of work. The department, he added, might truthfully be classed as “a great agricultural universit “Its work,” he continued, “follows, as does the modern university, three main lines of research— resident, teaching and extension. This re- search work is carried on through eleven bureaus, covering a wide range of experiments and studics, such as the animal and plant indu: try, the weather, soils, chemistry, entomology, biological survey, fores- try, roads. agricultural economy and home economics.” Work in Many Countries. This work, the speaker asserted, is carried on in laboratories and sta- tions in various parts of the United States, in Alaska and Hawaii, and even in foreign countries, the results benig made available to the farmers and the country generally through the publication of many pamphlets, both technical and popular. Dr. Burgess, director of the bureau of standards, explained how his de- partment is conducting investiga- tions into scientific problems and fur- nishing the country with publications which hdve come to be accepted as authoritative reference = and text books all over the world. Dr. Bur- gess' bureau deals largely with the questions affecting physical science. The talk by Mr. Griffin, chief as- sistant librarian of the Library of Congress, on the government great repository for books, was of especial interest to the delegates. He pointed out that the National Capital has no great university collection compar- able to the libraries of Harvard, Princetan, Yale, Bfown or Columbia. The Library of Congress, however, he said, with its 3,000,000 volumes, takes the place of those great reservoirs of research. The value of the Library of Con- gress as a repository of accurate and complete information, Mr. Griffin con- tinued, is attested by the fact that it Is daily visited by authors of high repute as producers of informative literature, professors and instructors in higher institutions of learning, graduate candidates for higher de- srees and others, of discrimination, eeking information on varied sub- ects. Activities Described. Mr. Griffin described the activities of the different branches of the library. The bibliographical section, he said, is constantly engaged in the preparation of bibliographies and reference lists. He described how the public affairs information service keeps interested persons constantly informed as to the avallability of records, and the careful indexing sys- tem which considerably simplifies locating books or magazines desired by_callers. Dr. Fewkes, who is, chief of the bureau of American ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, declared that the institution furnishes mate- rial to colleges, universities and sim- ilar places of learning, which they can adapt for educational purposes. “Somewhat the same relationship exists between the Smithsonian Insti- tution and public education,” he said, “that we find between the discoverer of scientific laws and the inventor who practically applies them.” FRENCH SUBMIT CLAIMS. Ask Mexico to Pay for Losses Caused by Revolt. MEXICO = CITY, July 3.—Jean Perier, French minister to Mexico, to- day submitted to the Mexican foreign office a draft of a claims convention between France and Mexico similar to that ratified by the United States and Mexico. The convention is a re- ply to an invitation tendered by Mexico to foreign .countries whose nationals suffered damages during the 1910 revolution. . NOTE TO GERMANY READY. Allied Council’s Reply Relating to' Control of Armaments, G PARIS, July 3.—The ailied council of 'ambassadors, after hearing today the report of the inter-allied military committee on Germany's reply to the communication of the council re- garding allled military <ontrol of Germany's armaments, agreed on the terms of the reply to be made to Ger- many. This will be submitted to the N Interlor Hubert Work will preside. The speaker will be Joseph M. Gwinn, superintendent of schools of San Francisco. Tomb of Woodrow Wilson—John Whalen, lawyer and publicist of New York City, will be the chairman. Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson, the late President's personal physician, will speak, Mount Vernon—The presiding offi- cer will be Mrs. Horace Van Deventer, vice regent of the Mount Vernon Ladles’ Association. J. A. C. Chandler, president of the College of William and Mary, will be the speaker. Frederick Douglass Memorial Home in Anacostia—M. Grant Lucas, presi- dent of the Columbian Educational Association of the District, will pre- side. Garnet C. Wilkinson, assistant superintendént in charge of the col- ored public schools of the District, and Sara L. Rhodes, president of the New York City Principals’ Associa- tion, will speak. Gettysburg Cemetery Included. National cemetery, Gettysburg, Pa.— Willlam M. Davidson, superintendent of schools of Pittsburgh, will preside. The speaker will be Frank P. Graves, state of commissioner of education of New York. Washington Monument—The prg- siding officer will be Mrs. Josephine Corliss Preston. John J. Maddox, superintendent of schools of St. Louj will speak. The home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, Va.—Frank Cody, super- intendent of ools of Detroit, will preside. William Jennings Bryan is scheduled to be the speaker. HOLDS SCHOOL BEST WELFARE CENTER G. W. Gerwig Addresses N. E. A. Sectional Meeting—Model Building Described. “Of all American welfara tions the pub institu- ¢ school has proved to be the best.” said G. W. Gerwig, sec- retary of the board of education of Pittsburgh, Pa., speaking today be- fore the department of school admin- istration of the National Education Association at Central High School “The ideal relations between the educational and the business interests of the school aid Mr. Gerwig, “should always be based upon com- plete co-operation between the two departments, rather than upon the ex- clusive domination by either one.” Describes Model Bullding. William H. Gompert, architect for the New York City board of educa- tion, speaking before the same de- partment of the N. E. A, described the outstanding e: ntials of modern school building, as follows “Well chosen sites for adequate plottage to give building proper set- ting and allow for future expansion; well designed buildngs, truthful the standard of design of all build- ings in the community; the use of good materials with the best of work- manship, both a A matter of economy and a means of making the architec- tural design endurabie; ample provi- sion for future needs and expansions in the planning of the building, as is being done in New rork City, where provision is being made for an ex- pansion of from 25 to 400 per cent. Recent], continued Mr. Gompert, “M. Andre Mori exchange French professor at Harvard University, in addressing the annual convention of the New Jersey ‘State Federation of Women's ~Clubs, criticised expend- itures on Americ colleges and school buildings, advocating spending more on teachers and less on build- ings. This is a poor way to approach the question of securing adequate compensation for teachers, for the reason that if schooi buildings are cheap in appearance, everything else will be appraised accordingly, includ- ing instructors’ salarfes.,” PLACEMENT OFFICE SERVICE EXPLAINED U. S. Employment Service Official Addresses Secondary Education Leaders Here. Giving new points of view is as much a part of the job.of the place- ment office as finding jobs for per- sons, according to Miss Mary Stewart of the United States employment service of the Department of Labor, speaking today before the depart- ment of secondary education at the New Willard Hotel. “In the placement office both educational and occupational world meet, measure their demands, de- termine how far boys and girls can meet these demands, and how far they must both take note of human nature and modify their demands,” declared Miss Stewart. “No secondary vocational guidance program is complete _without an adequate placement office. To be adequate it must give discriminating service alike to applicant and em- ployer. It must get the applicant a job_for which he is fitted. “The placement office is the point at which life checks up on the school as well as on the boy and girl seek- ing work. It can provide only the work which the occupational world offers. If the applicant is unwilling or unfitted in ability or education to do what s to be done, no magic placement wand in the office can con- jure a job to his need or liking. The problem then becomes one of re- education. “This may mean not only retrain- ing the individual, but reorganization of the school curriculum. When 60 per cent of the graduates of a high school are prepared for a kind of work that is available. for only 20 per cent, Something is. the matter with the plan of education. When 40 per cent enter a kind of work for which the school has offered no training, something is the matter with the school. When an employer seeks a kind of service which is out- side of the nature of boys and girls to give, something is the matter with the job. The placement office’ is ‘where the boy, the school and ‘the Job meet. ~Obviously it must be equipped with an adequate knowledge of all three. i “The secondary school sends three classes of pupils to the placement. office—the graduates, the drop-outs and those who threaten to drop out. It must be prepared to give sound advice to each of these three. It does not follow that its greatest service lies in finding each applicant a job. The obligation does rest upon it to provide a new: broadened or strengthened point of view. And this service may be extended alike to plicant, to school and to employer.” L ——— i Fannie Salmons, ‘a young woman newspaper reporter of Pensacola, has been elected to- the office of county commissiomer. She won against & fleld’ of seven opponents and 'is-the first Florida to fil the to | | dreds 1 : THE EVENING ' STAR, WASHINGTON, D, C. THURSDAY, ':mmn's, 1924, ° n Ty SR (RS I S L T S A T RS S LA A. Convention Members To Visit Historic Shrines MUSIC SENSE BIG | GARDENS PRAISED | FACTOR IN SCHOOL Appreciation Most Fascinat- ing Phase, Says New Jer- sey Woman. Music appreciation has become the most fascinating phase of school music, according to Mrs. Francis Clark of the Victor Talking Machine Company of Camden, N. J., speaking today beforo the department of music education at the Central High School. Organization and conduct of a school orchestra was dlscussed by James D. Price of Hartford, Conn. Mrs. Clark sald, in parts “To hear the real music accurately and ade- quately reproduced, to learn to listen discriminatingly, to compare, to Judge, to love beautiful music with or without reason, to anayze, to pick to pieces for motive, phrase, form, construction, to feel “the pulsing of the rhythm, to float, to swim or sink or battle with the waves of emotion —this is to make music a part of life, to live in music and to permit music lL:.U\'\: in the inner consclousness. he so-called regular work in school music, meaning generally merely the grinding away at note reading, is fast glving way before the realization that, after all, the real music jtself is of more importance than any amount of talk about music: that the study, of real music is much more vital than plodding through un- interesting, meaningless exercises constructed to present some problem in tonality or meter or note lengths. Teaching of Music. “Children must be taught to read music, must be sent out into life with the power of self-acquiring the mes- sage of the printed score; must hear what they see, and see what they hear, bu’. the hearing must come firstq to prepare che way for the vital work of later grades. “Is it too much to expect that with- in the remaining twelve years of this Ersl century of school music we shall See all the children in our schools everywhere understanding music as only the specially trained adults now do? “When the primary grades univer- sally hegin at the beginning a logical course in ear training with music, se- cure the bodily co-ordination mind and pulse, acquire a repertoire of beautiful melody, is it too difficult to vision that the later elementary grades will easily master sight-read- ing? When they add to their store of melodies, definite study of rhythm, theme recognition, instruments, et the junior high work in nationalit folk song, simple form and analysis will make it possible for the high schools to send young people out real mu ns and able to pla: on at least one instrument with a working knowledge of the development of E familiar with the best works the great masters, and able to judge discriminatingly between the &00d and the merely cheap and banal We may confidently expect by 1936 a great expansion in choral con- tests and band and orchestra con- tests, The memory contest will have become a test of the year's work in music appreciation instead of a short spasmodic effort and participated in by all the children. The subject of music interpretation with the expres- sion of the suggested mood in free dance rhythms, the study of program music and the dramatization of hun- of music stories, must inevi- lead to the opera form of ex- re ! P ames D. Price, assoclate director of music, public’ schools, Hartford, Conn., spoke, in part, as follows: “Definite steps to stimulate orches- tral interest are not only worth while, they are manifestly im- portant. They may take any—or bet- ter. all—of several approaches: By means of the phonograph, by frequent Teforence, by brief concerts, by local or outside organizations, by the co- operation of private teachers. Individual Trinls Necessary. “Experience urges that individual trials, no matter how large or how small the list of candidates, are not only helpful; they are necessary. The trial should invelve a prepared piece without accompaniment and some sight work with or without accompaniment “Organize the orchestra with the symphony orchestra as a model. * ¢ * Students are without, but nevertheless should have the most expert advice on the choice of in- strument. Many instrumental futil- ities would therefore be avoided. Concert master should be chosen not only on account of his playing abil- ity, but he should be dependable, he should stand well in school, and, if possible, his playing should have an element of spontaneity which is contagious. All important positions should be filled by the most careful selection. Let dependability. and initiative count for more than finger facility. Assign responsibility and see that students who are given posi- tions of trust mea.:uro up to their ortunities. * * OD_I’.ITI;:," successful director should have or should acquire a reasonable knowledge of the generalities of each instrument of the symphony orches- tra with particular knowledge of at least one, should develop a decisive beat and should be ready at all times to give all the extra work necessary to obtain results. He should be familiar with the historical' back- ground of the composition studied and should give some time at re- hearsals to appreciation. The year's study should focus in a public performance, either inde- pendently, if the orchestra ig large enough, or joihtly with glee Club or chorus. It is part of the educational scheme. All education is & public performance to a greater or lesser degree. Furthermore, if parents will ot come to the schools we gast take school activities to the pafents’ POWER DEVELOPMENT SEEN AS-AID TO PUBLIC World Conference Backs Work. Labor Will Co-Operate, Noonan Says. By the Associated Press. LONDON, July 3.—The importance of super-vower development as a tactor in improving public welfare was indorsed at the world power con- ference yesterday by speakers of many_nationalities, including Ameri- can, British, Spanish and Italian. - James P. Noonan, president of the International Brotherhood of Elec- trical Workers, declared that Ameri- can labor had no quarrel with such developments, apd was ready to co- operate with finance and engineering skill to bring the power industry to jts finest_development. David B. Rushmore of the United States warned the conference against undue haste, saying: “We must take the public with us and not get very far in advance of their knowledge and approval of our W lcussing the economic aspects of power development, Sir Ernest Musgrave Harvey - said that New York was less enterprising in flnanc- ing projects than it had been & few years ago, and that it had lost a good deal of money through financing methods which New Yorkers thought Were similar to London methods. He sald the city also had a hard time educating people to foreign invest- ments, and added that a bad feature of the investment situation in the United States was tax-free municipal rittes. SeSohn K. Clynes, lord privy seal, presided at a dinner givem by the government at Lancaster House last night in honor of the president and delegates attending the power con- ference. The guests included many INSCHOOL COURSE Contribute to Character, Education and Health, Say N. E. A. Speakers. The school garden was praised as » wholly worthy part of the school curriculum by speakers before the School Garden Assoclation of Amer- lca, meeting today at Wilson Normal School, in connection with the Na- tional Educational Assolation conven- tion here. - R. G. Jones, superintendent of achools ‘at Cleveland, Ohfo, declared ure study contributes’ to char- acter education in a most practical and fundamental way.” “For this service alone,” he con- tinued, “it is worth having. School gardens have literally had a hard row to hoe for varlous reasons. “The fact 1emains that nature study in the abstract has not pros- pered and no doubt will not succeed in the future so far as early train- ing goes. 1t is an Important labor- atcry subject—It costs more because it is worth more. “We are in dire need of properly trained persons to do this work and we should urge institutions engaged in teacher training to provide courses that will supply a demand. We need a happy combination of gardener and trained - biologist together with an idea of the mean- ing of education. 1 fear such talent may not be purchased on the regular schedule and we may find it neces- sary to subsidize the work for a time. Practical Gardening Need. “What we all fear is chiefly that the work may fall into the hands of the academio and, of course, that will be fatal. If the subject is treated as a toy—good-bye to gar- dens. We need of all things the practical grower who will be a real soil worker. The work is sufficiently tried out, I belleve, to insure its suc- cess if it Is kept in competent hands. but this fleld is surely no place for a novice. What are the values that justify its place? The only approach to the biological knowledge of life— its conception and development. It teaches respect for work. 1t s edu- cative recreation. It is one of the best approaches to fine and applied art for those who are inclined to this pursuit.” John A. Hollinger, director of na- ture study and visualization of Pitts- brugh, discussing the garden, said “Soclety needs the home; the satis factory home requires a garden; the gardener must have education and training; a curriculum for this train- ing is imperative. There seems to be sufficient evidence that gardening activities lead toward those ideal traits which make the individual fit for occupying his proper place in the community.” Continuing his address, Mr. Hol- linger said in part: “It is rather dif. ficult to limit gardening In the cur- riculum to the school garden. The child’s home garden may well come under the school’s direction or su- pervision. The objectives of garden- ing in the curriculum extend bevond the school garden. This is especially true when we consider gardening as real project work. “A gardening curriculum provides for a dozen or more large projects, each with a number of problems to be solved in their natural setting and carried out to satisfactory con- clusions. Making and maintaining a lawn, procuring, planting and caring for shrubs, vines and trees: planning, planting and caring for a flower gar- den or a vegetable garden furnish satisfactory interest, perpetual pleas ure and healthful recreation.” Unique in Curriculum. Miss Effie M. Burton. director of school gardens, Cedar Rapids, lowa, declared the school garden was the “only agency in the school today that develops the physical, intellectual and spiritual side of the child.” Continuing, Miss Burton said in part: “The place of the school garden in the curriculum is unique. It is a practical interpreter of the rich and the poor, all through life. It is a harmonizer of life's joys and sorrows. I might almost say, the personific: tion of the Comforter here on earth Albert E. Winship, editor of the Journal of Education, described the school garden as the “one place where nature is interpreted by human na- ture: where intelligence tests are as reliable as the measure of crops, and the banking of profits and discount of losses.” “Education, through the school gar- den,” safd Mr. Winship, “is genuine, is of permanent value, unlike any edu- cation that comes through books alone. The present school garden interest is more significant than that which was in evidence a few vears ago. E%chool gardening _ experiences weather fluctuations, the times and habits of insect pests and plant di ease. One has to know ‘soil condi- tions, what to plant, where to plant, how and when to plant.” CITES RESOURCES OF COUNTRY LIFE Dr. Julian E. Butterworth of Cor- nell Tells of Educational Advantages. Educational resources of country life from the broad standpoint were discussed by Dr. Julian E. Butterworth of Cornell University before the de- partment of rural education at a meeting today at the Interior Depart- ment auditorium. Dr. Butterworth said: “The ultimate object of rural edu- cation we may assume to be not to keep children on the farm or to make them better agricultural producers; rural education, like urban education, is_to utilize materials from all sig- nificant sources in making an indi- vidual with constantly expanding powers whether his life work takes him to the country or to the city. “Any environment, rural or urban, has conditions that aid or hinder the proper education of children. If we are to perform our professional task even reasonably well we must know these conditions in order that the limitations may be offset or supple- mented and the resources utilized. “Since rural communities vary greatly as to the type of agriculture prevailing, economic status of citi- zens, nationality, etc, it follows that there will be differences in the re- sources of communities and how they may be most effectively used. Among the more universal of the types of resources may be mentioned the ob- Jjects of nature, both animate and in- animate; the open spaces, allowing freedom’ in early physical develop- ment; conditions essentially favor- able to health and morals; situations vitally concerned with successful living, such as the training of initia- tive and responsibility through daily tasks, the larger projects of house and farm, etc, and certain factors favorable 'to the creating of interest in the work of the schools. These are enumerated as rural resources not in the sense that they are not found to some degree in urban life, but that they do exist in rural life. We are concerned in those factors that make for better education of country- children, not in arguing the question of whether country or city offers Detter educational opportuni- ties. “In many cases we do not utilize as we might resources that exist. This is true not only of the school, but of the home as well. The average citi- zen has not vet fully realized his opportunity and his obligation in m;ln‘ lh&c‘thlld'tl.ou‘:-ohfi:c:ool ex- periences contribut ovels mant® 5 LT N. E. A. SIDELIGHTS Dr. Albert E. Winship of Boston, editor of the Journal of Education, who has been on the program of the National Education Assoclation con- ventions for thirty-eight years, ar- rived in Washington yesterday after- noon to preside at the business ses- sion today of the general assembly in the Central High School audito- rium. Since 1869, when the organization was in its infancy, Dr. Winship has only been absent from one of the annual meetings. That was in 1886, when he was in Europe. Twenty-six years agv, when the National Edu- cation Association last met in Wash- ington, the Journal editor addressed the delegates on “The School of the Future.” Some of his predictions at that time were reflected by Federal Commissioner of Education John J. Tigert in his address of welcome at the formal opening of the convention Mon- day night. Dr. Winship is known to virtually every educator in the United States. He has made fifty-six trips to the Pacific coast, fifty-four of which were in the interest of education. During the last few months he has covered twenty states in the Union. Officials of the National Education Association believe ‘that its conven- tion program would not be complete without some remarks from Dr. Win- ship, so he was called upon to pre- side at today's general assembly. Dr. Harold W. Voght, president of the Northern Normal and Industrial School of Aberdeen, S. D., who has been nominated as one of the twelve vice presidents of the association, will leave the United States in' the near future to make a survey of educa- tional conditions in Japan. Dr. Foght is undertaking this work at tho request of the Japanese gov- ernment. President Coolidge’s address at the closing session tomorrow morning will mark the second appearance of the nation's Chief Executive before a convention of the National Edu- cation Association. Theodore Roose- velt was the only other President who has addressed the organization. Lo appeared before the convention in 1905. Dr. Augustus O. Thomas of Au- gusta, Me, and Dr. Payson Smith of Boston hold the distinction of being the only two educators attending the conclave who have been commission- ers of education in two states each. Dr. Thomas was at one time com- missioner of education in Nebraska and_now holds the same position in Maine. Dr. Smith preceded Dr. Thomas as state commissioner of education in Maine and now holds the position of state commissioner of education in Massachusetts. convention who ed t the strict of Miss Olive M. Jones, president of the association, have ' discovered the root of her training. She is principal of a schoo) in New York city with a student body composed entirely of 3,000 de- linquent boys. Although a disciplinarian of the old school, as she has demonstrated at the sessions of the general assem- bly, Miss Jones is loved by every one of the 3,000 boys in her charge John K. DESCRIBES HEALTH TEACHING BY FILMS Dr. C. W. Crampton Tells of Dif- ficulty of Competing With Stars of Movies. Declegates to th have been perple disciplinarianship Norton, research expert of Teaching health exercises by means of motion pictures was explained by Dr. C. Ward Crampton of New York city before the meeting of the depart- ment of visual education at Central High School today. “This is the pioneer effort to put the health gospel on the screen in con- junction with regular motion pic- tures.” Dr. Crampton explained. “If it is a success as it promises to be, it will be the marking of a beginning of a new epoch in health activities.” He continue “If we wish to reach the masses with an educational message, we must first find the masses. We must know where they are. During the day they are scattered about at work. During the evening they are at home, or are more likely in the moving pic- ture houses. Must Compete With Stars. “To put our educational message on the theatrical release, we mtst com- pete with Douglas Fairbanks and Pola Negri. “If, however, we are en- thusiastic enough and clever enough, I believe that this can be done. With this faith, I have prepared seven scenarios on physical exercises for daily use. “They were found _attractive enough by the Pathe Review to be produced: to pay from $15,000 to $2 000 to produce them for general re- lease throughout the United States in the Pathe Review for seven consecu- tive weeks, during September and October. “Each of these seven films deals with one exercise. An endeavor has been made to make them attractive and interesting as well as to carry home a lesson which will make the people want to go home and try the exercises themselves. hey are introduced rate settings, illustratin, cal sources—Egyptian, GPeek, Roman, Assyrian and medieval. The exer- cises are shown, taught and analyzed. Its organic effects are demonstrated by scenes from medical laboratories with scientific apparatus in_ action Animated cartoons are used through out and every device has been ob- tained to make the film absorbing and interesting with high entertain- ment value and complete scientific accuracy. “The films have been reviewed by the officers of the American Medical Association and the National Con- gress of Mothers and Parent-Teach- er Associations.” VOTES OF UNIT RULE STATES HELD BY THREAD Delegations Being Swayed From Candidate to Candidate by Change of Single Vote. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, July 3.—The narrow margin by which delegations voting as units in the Democratic national convention are being held in line or swayed from one camp to another is illustrated by the movements of the Mississippi, Oklahoma and Missouri Votes. MIssISsIDDi_<ew instance, went into_the Davis column on the nine- teenth ballot and stayed there through the thirty-third. Then it switched into the McAdoo line and was still there on the forty-second. Prior to the switch it had been held for Davis as a unit by a majority of one-seventh of a vote, and afterward it was dis- closed that the change had come about through the seating of a woman alternate favoring McAdoo during the absence of a delegate who had been for Smith. ¢ The Oklahoma and Missouri dele- gations also were closely divided, and it was understood they returned to the McAdoo fold only tentatively, in compliance with pleas to get back and stay for a few ballots to watch the vith elabo- the histori- trend of the Californian’s drive from the insfde. s e ' Miss Bina M. West, founder and su- preme commander of the Women's Benefit Assocfations has been awarded the honorary degree of master of arts by the University of Michigan, “in recognition of her notable success in the administration of a great finan- National Education Association headquarters here, will have his mother for a “coed” when he goes up to Columbia University to take post-graduate work this fall. Mrs. John Norton, his mother, is a San Francisco school teacher, well known here because she taught school last winter in Washington. Norton, be- sides holding an acknowledged world record among educators for being the champion long distance collector of school' statistics, also is the actual holder of the worid's 440 hurdle rec- ord. Norton’s only complaint about this convention is that it interferes with his training—he uses the run- ning track at Central High School to keep in trim, Johnny won't have to hold a packet of forbidden pidtures beside a camou- flaging textbook for schoolroom amusement if the prediction of edu- cators about the textbook of the fu- ture is correct. J. K. Weld, editor of the Educational Digest, predicts that the textbook of the future will be filled with pictures. He says history and geography and the social sci- ences will be taught largely by pic- tures. Joy Elmer Morgan, publicity man for the convention, did a good bit of publicity work for Washington when he arranged the program for the dinner last evening for the educa- tional editors of the country which was held at the Cosmos Club. He had representatives of government bureaus, such as the Library of Con- gress and the bureau of standards and the Smithsonian, tell of the edu- cational work their agencies are do- ing. As a result these Washington government branches will be brought to the attention of teachers all over the country through the pages of their professional publications. the Many of the teachers ask about the beautiful old residence opposite Cen- tral High School on Clifton street That is where Willlam Jennings Bryan lived for a time when he was Secretary of State. It was on the front porch of that home that he told reporters, upon his resignation of the State Department portfolio, that he could no longer afford to work for the government for $12,000 a year, the pay of a cabinet officer. W. Carson Ryan, who is hvlp\nz Joy Elmer Morgan with the publicity for the convention, also is kept busy greeting old Washington friends. As editor of the bureau of education some years ago Ryan made an en- viable record in publicity. “He put the_ bureau on the educational map so far as the editors of the country are concerned,” an old-time news- paper man said. “He was one of the two best publicity men the govern- ment ever had.” “Who was the other?” the speaker was asked ¥ “The other was George Wharton, down at the Department of Agricul- ture, who made the cattle tick im- mortal,” was the reply. A man who has attended N. conventions for twelve years day said that no meeting place ever held the inspiring element of the stadium at Central High School..He pointed out that the “back curtain” of the teachers’ night meetings is the wonderful panorama of the National Capital, with the Washing- ton Monument, the Capitol and other public buildings as the “back drop.” EARLY MIND STUDY URGED BY SPEAKER Psychology Should Be Applied in Kindergartens, Detroit Educa- tor Tells Session. Sound education at any age must be based upon a knowledge of the children to be educated, said Helen T. Wolley of Detroit, speaking today before the meeting of the department of kindergarten education at the ‘Washington Hotel. Miss Wolley declared that edu- cators just are beginning to apply the science of psychology to the study of voung children.” Scientific investiga- tions are taking two forms, she said “First, that of experimental re- search. Under this head, several uni- versity centers are now working on the establishing of psychological forms of accomplishment for chil- dren of the pre-school age. A few studies are being made which consist in trying to modify behavior under experimental conditions. Personality Studies Made. “The second type of scientific ap- proach to children’s problems is that of personality studies based on ex- tended observations of childrgn un- der conditions which can be stated. This type of investigation has much less claim to being considered scien- tific, but may yield some very Sugg: tive results in increasing our knowl- edge of children’s reactions and of the reasons for them. “Sound education at any age must be based upon a knowledge. of the children to be educated. I can report today on one experiment in education of the pre-school child which at- tempts to make use of what scientific knowledge we have. We have been able to show that keeping children of pre-school age in an environment carefully planned to further physical growth and well béing. mental devel- opment and social training, bring about measurable results. The phys- ical growth of these children has been at more than the expected rate; their mental growth, as measured by tests, has also been greater than the expectation. The intelligence quo- tients of the children in the school have increased in most instances. Spectacular increases have occurred in at least half of the group. Though not measurable, we also have records of the suppression of undesirable ‘habits, the development of desirable ones and general improvement in be- havior. If similar opportunities can be made part of the education system, it seems reasonable to conclude that the result would be to improve 'markedly the quality of our children, and prevent many of the physical, social and mental evils which arise later in life.” —_— CRACK PENNSY TRAIN WRECKED AND 3 HURT Eight Cars of Broadway Limited Leave Rails, Probably Due to Broken Truck. By the Associated Press. LANCASTER, Pa. July 3.—The “Broadway Limited," one of the Penn- sylvania railroad's_ fast passenger trains from New York to Chicago, was wrecked last night one mile east of this city, eight of the nine cars leaving the rails. Two woman pas- sengers and one member of the crew were slightly hurt. One of the women received minor lacerations and the other a sprained wrist. A special train took the passengers to Harrisburg, where they were picked up by the second section of the-“Broadway Limited” and contin- ued their journey after a delay of four hours. The wrecked train car- ried a total of seventy-two passen- gers. The accident occurred at 6:04 p.m. eastern standard time at the cut-off, where through trains are sent around this city. It is believed to have been caused by a broken truck on the forward car. Five sleeping cars, a diner, mail car and a_ combination parlor and baggage car left the rails, but all remained upright. The two westbound tracks were blocked for several hours after the wreck. — GO-OPERATION SEEN AIDTOPATRIOTISM Training Citizens Should Not Be Left to Particular Agency, Says Speaker. “Solution of the problem of citizen- ship training is dependent not on the activity of any one public agency, but on co-operation of all and a bet- ter understanding on the part of the people who live in America—both na- tive and foreign born—regarding the ideals and principles of our govern- ment,” declared Lillian Clark of the federal bureau of naturalization be- fore the department of immigration education, National Education Associa- tion, at the Raleigh Hotel today. Miss Clark declared: “Foreigngporn men and women who desire to be- come citizens of the Unitea States are required to pass ad educational examination before they are admitted to citizenship. “The bureau of naturalization in its function of carrying out the naturali- zation law is charged with promot- ing citizenship training of candidates for citizenship through the public schools. 'The federal textbook on ‘Citizenship Training’ is published by the bureau and in its three parts gives to candidates and their teach- ers a complete course of study, be- with the learning of our through the study of our customs and government, municipal, state and national. Difference in Teaching. teae adult entirely different children,” and because the coming to school vary so in their previous education, ranging from the illiterate to the uni- versity graduate, a highly specialized and comprehensive cou of study 1S necessary to meet the needs. At- tendance in evening school is purely voluntary and therefore the course must be interesting and profitable to the_individual. “While many of the foreign born of this country live in the large in- dustrial centers there are also many who live in smaller communities and rural districts. Regardiess of loca- tion, as prospective citizens they all need to know about the form and principles of « rnment, the rights, and citizenship, aturalization the past year communities state in th and assistanc achers inter- Bec grants teaching adults greatly use is immi- from obligatior approxima 300 It has reached into evel country. giving advice to organizations and t ested in better citizenshi Miss* Harriet _Ahlers, director women's work, Hartford, C addressed the mecting on “E Immigrants.” also ucating Never Use 2 Knifel Itis 8o casyto geerid of a comn. Blue-jay ends them. Stops the pain instantly. Then the com loosens and comes out. Does away with dangerous paring. 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