Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.......June 28, 1984 THEODORE W. NOYES. ., .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofice, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Offi 110 East a2nd St. Chicage Office: Tower Building. Turopean Omice: 16 lltj:rn\ #t.,London, England. The Erening Star, with the Sunday moraing wdition. i delivered by carriers within the eity at 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunduy only, 20 cents’ per . Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phene Main 5000. Collection in made by car- Ters at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datly and Sundas. $8.40; 1 mo,, 70¢ Duily only .......1¥r. $6.00: 1 mo., 50c Sunday only ......1yr., $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr. $10.00: 1 mo., 850 Daily only . Sunday only Member of the Associated Press, The Associated Preas ig exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis. Datches credited 1o it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pub. dished b All i of publication of special dispatehes herein are also reserved. Labor’s Ultimatum. A manifesto was delivered in New York vesterday signed by representa- tives of six labor organizations de- claring that W. G. McAdoo must be nominated by the Democratic party if these labor leader: to go to Cleveland next week and “vote against the placing of an independent candi- date in the field.” They said. fur- thermore, that “they have the neces- sary votes to prevent the successful launching of an independent move- ment.” If this is the voice of organized labor it would appear that an inde- pendent ticket is probable, for it seems at this time quite likely that McAdoo will not receive the Demo- cratic nomination. But 1t is not as sured that this the voice of or- ganized labor; nor is it assured that those signing the manifesto, which is in the form of an ultimatum. actually have the votes to control the action of the Cleveland conf nee. As an immediate manifesto of the six lahor leaders a statement issued from Smith headquarters by the president of the New York State Federation of Labor to the effect that as between McAdoo and Smith “those lahor men who know the labor records of both pre- fer Gov. Smith.” The threat to the labor vote for or against a party or a can didate has been often heard in this country. But it is to be noted that such a delivery has never been prac- tically effected. It is one of the hard- est things in politics to “deliver” a class vote. Organizations ma, r solve to favor one or another candi date or par but individuals follow their own preferences at election time. Mr. McAdoo is favored by railroad men particularly he di- rector general of railroads during the war brought about a material increase in compensation. One of the chief as- sets of his candidas for the nomi- nation has been this fact: That he ap- peals strongly to “labos He will be denied the nomination, if the New York convention so votes, not at all because of his labor affiliation, but, in part. because of his connection with the oil interests and because of the Klan issue, which has been brought forward in other interests to his se- rious disadvantage. If the labor organizations go to Cleveland and vote for a third party ticket because McAdoo is not nomi- nated at New York, they may seri- ously confuse the political situation. It is well known that La Follette is favored in advance as the candidate of the Cleveland conference if it puts a ticket in the field. Nobody looks to see La Follette elected President by such a maneuver. His purpose, it is lelieved, is to deadlock the electoral college and throw the election into the House, where, as it is now con- stituted, a choice cannot be had, thus throwing the election of the Vice President into the Scnate, where a third party man may be chosen, ulti- mately to serve as President. This, then, is the threat, for it is no less than that, of the six labor organiza- tion leaders to seek to bring about victory for the tail of the La Follette are is counter to the was deiive because as ticket. —————————— Even if Oscar Underwood should get no further he will be remembered historically as the man who threw the bombshell into the 1324 Democratic convention. [ Several demonstrations have oc curred to strengthen the impression that Florida is the place where the good politicians go. —————————— Convention Clamor. Those *“demonstrations" at the nom- inating convention in New York have been, it would seem, of two kinds in general, the spontaneous and the manipulated. In all the course of the practice of putting up candidates for nomination in open meeting there have been outbursts of applause for favor- ites, partisan manifestations of hand- clapping and cheering. Steadily in re- cent years they have increased in vol- ume and have lengthened. It has be- come a habit to time them with stop watches. The chances of aspirants for nomination have been measured by them. But these New York demonstrations have been worthless as guides. In the first place they have been too well prepared. And they have been too often repeated in the same interest. They have been “cued,” with every sign of rehearsal. And, furthermore. they have not been mainly the ex- pressions of the delegates, the men and women with the votes to nomi- Date. That the galleries and even the floor of Madison Square Garden were packed with boomers for the local fa- vorite son has been evident from the beginning. When the big Smith demon- stration started upon the placing of his name in nomination the doors were thrown open at the east end of the ‘Qarden and cohorts- of men, women -and children trooped in with banner: invading the hall, filling the aisles and _ accompenied by huskics grinding noise-making machines—paid, it is re- lated, at the rate of $3 an hour—and thus keeping up the clamor for the time necessary to overreach the span of' the McAdoo demonstration which had preceded it. The practice of holding conventions in halls large enough to accommodate spectators many times more numerous than the delegates themselves has led to these performances. The thousands who swarm around the delegate body, as a matter of fact, have little or no influence upon the selection of the candidates, although reliance is placed in them for the effect of noise and clamor upon the judgment of the voters. ! Many hours have been wasted this week in New York as a result of the packing of Madison Square Garden with partisan *rooters” and resort to the actually futile outbursts of sound. 1L is true that the resolutions commit- tee has been slow in preparing a plat- form draft. Perhaps if there had been fewer entrants in the nomination race and more orderly procedure and less manufactured enthusiasm the conven- tion would have been ready to ballot on Thursday, without a platform. But the noise that covered two full days did not camouflage the fact that the party was at an impasse in the matter of a declaration of principles. It is doubtful whether this hulla- halloo will be eliminated from the political nominating convention. It has become a tradition. It is worthless as a political asset. It is dangerous to party harmony. It provokes bitterness of faction feeling. It obscures real is- sues and prevents calm judgment in the end in the selection of candidates. But it has become an established cus- tom. Like the two-thirds rule of the Democratic convention, it seems to have come to stay. Classical Studies. This morning assembled in this city for its fifth annual session the Ameri- can Classical League, organized only a few vears ago to promote the study of the classics and to develop a clearer understanding of the value of classical education as a factor for the higher development of the youth of America. For over three yvears an investigation has been in progress by a committee of the league to determine the extent to which classic studies are being pur- sued in the institutions of learning in this country. The report of the in- quiry will form one of the most im- portant features of the meeting. No matter how intensified may be- come the pursuit of the so-called pra.- tical subjects in our schools and uni- versities, the need of instruction in the classics remains undisputed. The youth who is well grounded in knowledge of the learning of ancient Greece and Rome is better equipped for any work, professional or technical, than one who is deprived or who deprives himself of such an advantage. Education is not merely the fitting out of the individual with the tools for doing the things that make for the best “living™ in the sense of making a career. There is something far more to be desired than the commercial or the professional or the technical suc- cess that yields a plenitude of profit. The highest development may come in humble living, in comparative priva- tion. As a_means of true intellectual and spiritual advancement, which should be the goal of all,.irrespective of the material rewards of “business suc- cess,” the study of and acquaintance with the classics is an essential. The problem of the schooimaster is to win his students to an appreciation of that truth and to make them desire to pur- sue such studies. To the average schoolboy the “‘dead languages” are anathema. This perhaps is because of the methods adopted in presenting them. There may be something wrong with the mode of instruction. The American Classical League is bent upon finding out. If it can discover a means whereby the golden treasure of the past, which is equally a treas- ure today, will be more eagerly sought by the younger Americans it will have made a rich contribution to our cul- ture. — e The Ku Klux Klan has been so con- spicuously featured that many New Yorkers will be disappointed if its members do not vary the convention marching with one of their character- istic parades. R After presiding over an investigat- ing committee Senator Walsh of Mon- tana should feel prepared for any kind of a session, however tempestuous. ——r————————— Cleveland, Ohio, is probably wonder- ing whether it is gding to have a safe and sane Fourth of July this year. ——r—————— Many delegates no doubt looked for- ward to a big time in New York. They are having it. —= -t Instead of a steam roller Mr. War- ren Stone ventured to suggest a loco- metiv Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge. The breaking of the floor of the Pennsylvania Avenue bridge over the Eastern Branch by a truck is inter- esting. That the bridge sustained the shock shows that it has strength left, but every bridge ought to be above suspicion of weakness. The accident sharply emphasizes that until a new and stronger bridge is built care must be observed that all the floor timbers are sound and that the legal limit of loads on the bridge are observed. The engineers have determined that no load in excess of six tons shall came on the bridge, and at each end of the structure is a sign to that ef- fect. It was a fiveton truck that broke the floor, and owners of the truck say that the load did not ex- ceed the limit prescribed for the bridge. It is also said that the timber which gave way was rotted. An in- vestigation is in progreas. The bridge floor is rough, and it has been apparent for some time that the planking is considerably wornm, but it does not seem that there was any fear as to its safety when not put to a greater strain than a weight of six tons. Because of the rough floor there is uncomfartable vibration of *he iron structure, and the District suthorities are soon to lay a new wood floor and top it with asphalt to reduce vibration, as was done in the | Democrats trying THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 1924 case of the Calvert street bridge. There is no proposal to remove or in- crease the load limit of six tons, be- cause the engineers feel that the iron underpart of the bridge should not bear & greater strain than that. It has been pointed out many times that the “new” Pennsylvania Avenue bridge, built in 1890, should be re- placed by a modern structure. There has been not only a remarkable in- crease in the volume of traffic, but; @ great increase in the weight of sep- | arate loads. The bridge is called on to bear strains which ‘the engineers of 1890 could not foresee. The late accident might have been a tragedy. The jolt ‘of the truck, one rear wheel of which broke through the floor, might have broken the bridge. Wash- ington, on both sides of the Eastern Branch, will not be satisfied until this old bridge is replaced with one as strong and safe as the Anacostia bridge or the Key bridge. Progress Toward Settlement. Premier Herriot is showing himself to be an effective administrator at Paris. He has just tackled the Ger- man question with a directness and vigor that may bring speedy results for settlement. He had an interview with the German ambassador, Von Hoesch, and, according to one dis- patch, “spoke in a manner in which probably no French premier has ever before addressed a foreign diplomat.” He gave the German representative distinctly to understand that now, if ever, is the time when Germany must show evidence that she really wishes to regain the world's confidence. As an evidence of good faith on the part of France order is given to repa- triate more than 50,000 inhabitants of the Ruhr basin. This meets in great measure the demands expressed in the Reichstag as a condition upon which the Dawes reparation project will be accepted. The Nationalists in the Reichstag are still intransigeant. They have tried to block the govern- ment, which is disposed to accept the plan of allied military control, but the chancellor remains firm, and in case of a showdown in the Reichstag a Nationalist victory is not expected. The Socialists. who are numerous in the Reichstag, are now disposed to be friendly to the French attitude, inas- much as Herriot is a representative of the French Socialist bloc. The situation is delicate, but it would appear to be more favorable now than it has been for many months. Settlement is indeed in sight ——————— Some orator might venture the ex periment of frankly mentioning the name of his candidate at the begin- ning of his remarks if it were not for the passibility that applause would drown the rest of the speech. o The claim that James Cox is the Wilson heir to the league of nations is- sue may be conceded without reluc- tance by the McAdoo men if it is un derstood that their choice is heir to the railroad vote. e At present there are too to tell the York convention how to behave it to pay much attention to Mr. Follette. many New for La ———————— The glowing and unqualified com- mendations so gracefully expressed by orators of the day are worthy the study of any ad writers' convention. N Mr. Smith and Mr. the means of precipitating a row which immediately reached all the way from coast to coast. e McAdoo were Even a band wagon has to be pro- tected from the gentleman who does not hesitate to throw a monkey- wrench into the machinery. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Time to Go Fishin', Hey, fellers! It's time to go fishin'! The air is s0 humid and hot, 1f we had to lose you, we'd try to ex- cuse you For seeking a pleasanter spot. Who'd blame you for claiming permis- sion To run, like a boy out of school, All weary of guessing at problems dis- tressin’, And look for a place to keep cool You're trying to take a position On questions familiar in form. They're more than one wrangle can quite disentangle. The season’s oppressively warm. The waters are gleamin' and swishin’ Where quietude reigns as a rule. ‘Who'd censure a thinker with line, hook and sinker For hunting a place to keep cool? Leadership, “We lack leadership!" remarked the constituent. “I won't say that,” replied Senator Sorghum. Our delegation hed a pretty good cheer leader,” Jud Tunkins says the man who in- sists on working only eight hours e day has to suspend the rule when he goes conventioning. Moths, The fluttering moth’s & beauty, But its morals are not high. 1t has no sense of duty As it gayly wanders by. It seeks a life of pleasure For itself and for its kin. The things that others treasure No solicitude can win. “Spare the flow'rs we love sincerely; Spare the fabric fine,” we beg. But the moth regards them merely As some place to lay an egg. Mingled Emotions. \ “Was Mr. Dustin Stax referring to politics when he said he pointed with pride and also viewed with alarm?” 'Not necessarily,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Maybe he was referring to bis daughter's engagement to @ titled foreigner. “Listenin’ to a speech by radio jes' suits me,” said Uncle Eben. “If 1 m!llo:owlloeplncnmfllho‘ it "tain’ no offense to M-' Fusion of Foreign Services For Efficiency and Security BY WILL P. KENNEDY. As a matter of national security the foreign service of the United States is now being reorganized through a fusion of the diplomatic jand consular services, with opportu- {nity offered for promotion through |proven ability, thereby bullding up the morale, promoting efciency, en- couraging continued service of ex- perienced and specially fitted repre- sentatives abroad. Through an executive order by President Coolidge the plan under which the diplomatic and consular services will be combined on a per- manent basis to carry out the pro- visions of the Rogers bill, which was {one of the most important acts passed in the first session of the Sixty- eighth Congress, has just been an- nounced. The new law provides for promo- tion up to and including the grade of minister from the ranks, This law was passed after the pressing necessity for making the foreign service of the United States second to that of no other govern- ment had been explained to Congress by the American officials in closest touch with the problems of interna- tional relations. President Coolidge has stressed that “the foreign service of our gov- ernment needs to be reorganized and improved.” Among those to giv expert testimony were Charles Hughes, Secretary of State; John W, Davis, former solfcitor general and former ambassador to the Court of St. Jumes and now being urged for the Democratic nomination for I'res- ident; Wilbur J. Carr, director of the consular service: Frank L. I'olk, for- merly undersecretary of state; Hugh Gibson, minister of the United States land; J. Butler Wright, third as- retary of state; Tracy Lay he consular service and Robert . Skinner, consul general of the United States in London. * ¥k * Former Ambassador Davis called attention that “the diplomatic branch is the first line in the country's de- fense, and the consular service is the spearhead of the country's trade.” He said the prevailing impression that the diplomat's chief duty is to attend pink teas and escort dowager duchesses around at ceremonial oc- sions, and that the consul does not come into uction until somebody gets arrested in the port where he hap- pens to be residing is all wrong. “Every man in the foreign service ought to be like Napoleon's foot sol- diers, marching with a marshal's baton in his knapsack,” Mr. Davis said in stressing the importance of avoiding “labor turnover” by giving a living wage and opportunity for promotion. A m lectual matic and consul interesting because it taking him into new and there is a certain element of pride about it because it is a digni- fied position to stand among foreign- ers as representing a dignified and powerful nation “It is notorfous that we never have paid our ministers, and especially our ambassadors in the larger capitals, a salary on which it was possible for them’ to live. let alone to carry on the ceremonial activities that are in- dispensable in those positions. To a certain extent the country itself is judged by the style in which its rep- resentatives live abro xx %% A striking word picture of what the foreign service of the United States really is, and a flashlight view behind scenes, which discloses the need for the reorganization now in progress, is given by Secretary Hughes, who says: “In_every part of the earth the diplomatic " and consular officers of the United States are watching every turn of events in their relation to the meneral policies of this government. They report every source of inter- national irritation; they note the sig- nals of economic and political unrest, of international rivalries, prejudices. subversive tendencies and discrimina- tory policies. They ald the govern- ment not merely in settling dispute but in removing or limiting th causes of possible controversy. Every American should feel ashamed that any country in the world should have a better diplomatic organization than the United States. This I8 not a matter simply of na- tional pride; it is a matter of national security. “The truth is that our foreign serv- ice is undermanned and underpaid. “You cannot have an efficient for- elgn service without having trained men, and cannot keep men without an adequate system for their selec- tion and maintenance; and you can- not keep men who have heen properly selected and trained and are invalua- ble to their country unless you offer able opportunities for promo- really n enjoys intel- it in the diplo- rvice. It is is constantly Dhases of work, * ok k¥ It was such expert testimony from men of long experience, who knew the actual, inside conditions that im- pelled Congress to order this reor- ganization, which the executive order of President Coolidge Is now carrying into effect. A foreign service personnel board 1s established to administer the person- nel of the Rogers act, consisting of six members, as follows: Joseph C. Grew, undersecretary of state, chairman; J. Butler Wright, third assistant Secretary of state; Wilbur Carr, director of the consular service; Charies C. Eberhardt, consul general; Edward J. Norton, con- sul general at large, and Hugh R. Wil- son, counselor of embassy. A1l appointments in the service from secretaries of embassies to student lnterpre\er! will be on recom- German Farmers For New England It is an interesting prediction that is made by the agent of a German steamship company that a large pro- portion of the immigrants from Ger- many in.the immediate future will devote themselves to truck farming in New England. The agent has been visiting both the leading manufac- turing cities and the farming districts near them and expresses the belief that these districts could profitably employ substantially all of the 45,- 000 Germans who presumably will ar- rive within the fiscal year, in accord- ance with the quota limitation of the new immigration law. It {s not an unreasonable opinion. Farmers in the west and center of Europe are accustomed to intensive methods, which are particularly de- manded by conditions in New Eng- 1and, The nearby markets have great- ly increased in size in recent years with the phenomenal grawth of the cities and the distances have been shortened by good roads and the automabile. Habits of hard work and thrift, and to these should be added co-operation, are assets with which German immigrants may be expected to be particularly well supplied. They will have also the encourage ment of the example of other immi- grants, not better fitted for farming in New England, who have been suc- cessful. A sanonllon l o abandoned farms and farm tly abandoned cuniary Inducement by descendants of the colonists were taken up here and there by Scandi- navian immigrants. Later the lalians and Poles and still later the Russian Jews followed suit. But, small as it is and hilly, rocky, lfi\dy and swampy as it Is in many places, New England still has a great deal of fer- tile workable and accessible soil r.dy‘ u:‘uy reasonably well for its exploitation. . And om of the early mendation o this board, as will selec- tions for promotions when vacancles occur. “A list will be submitted to the Becretary of State,” the executive or- der explains, “whenever there is a vacancy In the grade of minister or when requested by the President or the Secretary, and in no case shall such a list contain more names than there are vacancies to fill.” The board will have jurisdiction over assignments of foreign service personnel to particular posts, their transfer between posts, and will con- sider “controversies and delin- quencles in the service and recom- mend disciplinary measures.” Provision is made for a board of examiners to glve both oral and writ- ten tests to applicants, and in an ac- companying order Secretary Hughes announces the formation of a forelgn service school, also under the board. to which new appointees will be as- signed for one year's tuition. * K K ok In summarizing what the compara- tively simple changes covered by the new foreign service reorganization law will effect in the practice of American diplomacy and commercial development, Representative John J. Rogers, author of this legislation, ad- dressing the Institute of Politics at Williamstown, Mass, enumerated them as follows: (1) They will broaden, democratize and improve the personnel by ex- tending the field of selection. (2) They will enable the entrants Into the service to become thorough- Iy grounded both in diplomacy and business, to the advantage of them- selves and their country. (3) They will tend to diminish the snobbery which is occasionally foun in the service. A secretary today may be a consul tomorrow, and vice versa. The esprit de corps will be for our foreign service as a unit (4) They will provide a reasonable living wage, which, besides being democratic, tends to D the right man in the service, even though he has no private means. (5) They will simplify and improve administration by enabling the right man to be instantly available for the right place. (6) They will encourage the Presi- t to promote the best of the for- n service officers, whether diplo- matic consular. to the rank of minister. While under the enlight- encd administration of Mr. Lansing and Mr. Hughes such promotions of secretaries have been frequent, there scarcely heen an instance in twenty-five vears where a consul general or consul has been so pro- moted. (7) They 1educe from about thirty to nine the different grades and types of foreign servi officlals. This modification sapells simplicity in ad- ministration without any counter- vailing inconvenien (%) And, above all, they will break down the vertical wall which now di- vides the service into two compart- ments, to the advantage of flexibil- fty, economy, efficiency and accom- plishments, (9) All this will be brought about at an_additional annual outlay of some $300,000—less than 1 per_cent of the cost of a vessel of war. There I8 no greater step toward peace in- surance than this. * 5 ok * Retirement systems are now well established in our scheme of govern- ment. Judges and Army and Navy officers have for many years been retired on three-fourths pay without contribution by them. Every civil service employe of the government now has the benefit of retirement, though on a contributory basis There is an analogy between the for- eign service officer and the naval offi- cer. each of whom must in line of duty travel over the world during the long period of his active service Clearly retirement pay on some basis is only fair in the case of the foreign service officer. The Navy analogy would Indicate a non-contributory re- tircment plan. But we are not going so_far. We provide that each foreign serv- ice officer shall contribute 5 per cent of his salary to the retirement fund. The ordinary civil servant of the United States contributex 21; per cent. We provide that the normal re- tirement age shall be sixty-five, sub- ject to extension to seventy, at the discretion of the President. We es- tablish a_sliding scale of annuities, based both on average salary for ten years prior to retirement and on length of service. The highest an- nuity payable to a man who has served thirty years or more and whose salary has been $9.000 for ten vears would be 60 per cent of $9,000, or $5.400. A man who had served fifteen or eighteen years and whose average salary for ten years had been $3.000 will recelve $900 annuity. The retirement system will be self-sup- porting for many years. * * k% Tt is doubtful whether even at the peak it will cost the government 250,000 in any one vear. The cer- tainty which the foreign service offi- cers will thereby receive that they and their families will be cared for in their old age will vastly improve both the morale and the stability and permanence of the service. Further, it will insure the retirement of the superannuated when their service had | become less valued. The usefulness to the country thus resulting is a most important feature, But, above all, 1t is fair, and it_ consonant with the repeatedly de- clared policy of the country. It should be noted that every other first-class power has a retirement system for its foreign service. This runs up. in Great Rritain. for exam- ple, to two-thiras of the average pay in case of long-service men, although the British system is entirely non- contributor: settlers are still “farming would farm it more more intensively if they could hire the necessary labor. Those German immigrants who want ¢ farm in slew England and are not prepared to 0 S0 “on their own" will stand an excellent chance of ‘“hiring out.'— Springfield Republican. it” and extensively and Conquest. Two members of the Mount Everest expedition perish in an attempt to scale the peak of the world's highest mountain. Unuasual blizsards brought disaster, but the expldition will re- turn with the knowledge that some of those who survived stood at a higher point of the earths altitude than any man had ever stood before. The other night a veteran Ameri. can fiyer, when his plane went dead in the darkness above the city of Dayton, faced death. Without hesita- tion he'did what no aviator had ever done befere at night—he climbed out on the wing of his machine, swung clear and pulled the rip cord of his parachute. He came safely to earth— a conquerer. Out of the far east comes word that the American fiyers have landed at Rangoon—pushing ard in their conquest of a world aerial rout Not so long ago two physicians gave their lives in their experiments Wwith the myateries of radium and the X-ray. At least one American phys cian is now fighting for his life, hav- ing endangered himself with similar experiments. These men, too, are en- gaged in conquest. It all fits the picture. The twentieth century {s as much an of adven- ture, of romance, were _the fifteenth and the sixteenth. Our Ma- gellans are all around us, fitting into & new time and working with other meana, Here is somethi %t man who tells W'!- 1ad ro- lwaukes e ‘The Library Table BY THE BOOKLOVER, Russian peasant life in the days of caarism is described with great sim- plicity and truth in a little book called “My Life,” as told by the peas- ant Anissia, revised and corrected by Count Leo Tolstol and translated by Charles Salomon. The peasant wom- an Anissia lived at Kotchaky, close to Tolstoi's estate of Yasnaia Poliana, and first told her story to Mme. Kouzminskaia, a sister of Countess Tolstol. Before she was seventeen Anigsia was married by her parents against her will to a young peasant, Danilo, for whom she felt only dis- gust. “I don’t love Danilo,” she said to herself, “but there isn‘'t anybody else. And besides, how can I disobey my father? Soon, however, she be- an to "get used to him” and years ater when in her old age she was married to a second husband she told Mme. Kouzminskaia: “But no one will ever be able to replace Danilo. When I think of the days of suffering with him in Siberia my heart beats fagter. 1 loved him.” He was a simple soul.” In his preface M. Salomon says: “Isolated, beaten by life, Danilo is soft, uncommunica- tive, incapable of exercising any initiative. "Anissia is gay and bright; she is better armed than he for the struggle. . . . The man is inferior to the woman, as is often the case in all classes of Russian life.” That the emancipation of the serfs did not uni- formly improve the condition of the peasants is recognized by Anissia. When her first child is born, on the floor of a stable, she is helped into the izba and allowed to rest for two days. On the third she gets up and goes to work with the other peasant laborers in the harvest field. She says of her peasant employer: “I was always on the point of falling. But it was all the same to him. It never occurred to him that a person might be weak after childbirth. It w then that I ruined my health entirel They didn’t give me time to recover my strength. When we were serfs women were allowed six weeks of rest before being forced to go back to work * XA Unable to support his rapidly in- creasing family, Danilo joins two other peasants in stealing some cat- tle and for this is exiled to a Siberian prison. Anissia decides to take her children and go with him. Much of this part of the story was suppressed by the imperial censor when the book was published in Russia. It is easy to se¢ why. One of her children dies in the filthy prison at Moscow, where the consignment of prisoners is kept for some weeks, and the little bod hurried off with many others to ial, without the mass for the which Anissia implores. Danilo dies later in Siberia, after being pitched on his head from a recklessly driven cart, with a number of other prison- ers all chained together, and Anissia sees his body carried on a stretcher through the prison court beneath her window. She begs to look upon him once more, but Ix roughly refused; she asks to g0 0 a mass at the chapel before he is buried and is promised that she may, but afterward learns {that he w buried immediately. What's that id 1. “And what about your promise?’ “Oh, as for | that it we didn't lie to you, we wouldn't be able to get away fiom your tears.” After Danilo death she and her remaining chil- dren make their way by slow and difficult stages, with almost unen- durable sufferings, back to her na- tive village in Russia. * % % x Bunyan's “Pilgrim's Progress” fur- nished Thackeray with the title for his great novel—"Vanity Fair." & twentleth century novelist, very modern one, has gone to Bun- yan for a title. Struthers Burt has called his first novel “The Interpret- er's House He might alm, ve called it “Vanity Fair, Now and- a h York of 1921 is the scene of the story. Full of vanities and worse than van- ities ax it is, however, Struthers Burt belleves that the great supercivilized city may be to a thinker the House of the Interpreter. becomes to Gulian Byre, the the novel, a’ middle-aged young man who is world weary of shams, excite- ment and false values, but youthfully eager for reality. duty and healthy joy. He finds what he is searching for and that makes the story; but it is the sane, healthful and courageous philosophy ‘of Gulian Eyre, which is of course the philosophy of Struthers Burt, which will most appeal to the appreciative reader. * % ¥ X The visit of the British poet lau- reate to the United States has revived in conversation and in print the fact that beforo his appointment as poet laureate few, at least in this coun- try, had ever heard of Robert Bridges. As' many of the greatest American statesmen have never attained the presidency, %o most of Great Britain's greatest poets have failed to be made laureates. In fact, of the cighteen laureates only five have been well known poets—Spenser, Jonson, Dry- den, Wordsworth and Tennyson. At the death of Tennyson in 1392, the abolition of the laureateship was seri- ‘ously considered by Mr. Gladstone At that time the claims of both Kip- ling and Willlam Watson were con- sidered by the general public to be strong, but both avere passed over in favor of Alfred Austin, who was so little esteemed that it became a pop- ular bon mot that Alfred the Great had been succeeded by Alfred the Little. The supposed reason why Kipling was not in favor with the Victorian ministry which appointed Alfred Austin_is well known, as is also the gossip about why Watson was again slighted when Prime Min- ister Asquith appointed Robert Bridges. * % ¥ ¥ Readers who followed with breath- less interest the adventures of Dr. Ferdinand Ossendowski, as set forth in “Beasts, Men and Gods." will also find plenty of thrills in his “Man and Mystery in Asia.” Though published later, chronologically it antedates, in parts by twenty years, the story of the hero's flight from the bolsheviki. It recounts Dr. Ossendowski's ex- periences on four scientific expedl- tions into strange and little known parts of Asia. chiefly Siberia. where the author spent ten years of hig life as a geologist. Though this hook lacks the intensity of the unified horror of the earlier published book, it contains a collection of smaller wonders and horrors sufficient in number and intensity to satisfy the most voracious appetite. * ¥ X x The recent votes of the General Conferences of the Northern and Southern Methodist Episcopal Churches for reunion, after eighty years of separation, lends special interest to a chapter in the “Life of Augustus Baldwin Longstreet,” in which the author, John D. Wade, tells the story of the controversy among the M dists over the question of and of the part played by ongstraet and his friend, Blshop Andrew, at the General Conference held in New York City in 1844, at which accurred the breach between the Northern and Southern Methodlats. Lk ok K % The books about Waghington aftairs now fill many a five-foot shelf and more shelves must frequently be added to accommodate the new pub- lications. -One of the latest additions is “Forty Years in Washington." by David 8. Barry, once a page and now sergeant-at-arms of the United States Senate and formerly correspondent coessively of the New York Sun end the Providence Journal. Though the book makes no very new or significant contribution to our fund of information concerning our Ko - cal history, yet it does furnish pic- tures, character sketches and dlverl ing anecdotes of men and eventy from the Hayes adminigtr: present.y ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. In reading the Congressional Record 1 notice that when some measures are voted upon the votes are given in the Record. At other times the names and votes are not printed and the Record merely ea “The bill was passed.” What rule governs this?—D. E. L A. When a record vote is taken on a measure the names and votes of the members are shown in the Rec- ord; however, when the vote is not recorded this indicates that a viva voce (verbal) vote was taken. | | Q. Has any colored student ever | been made a Phi Beta Kappa?— A. 1. B A. The Negro Year Book says that forty-seven colored students have been made members of Phi Beta Kappa, the umiveraity honor societs Q. I have a horse that snagged herself on the under side of the right shoulder. The place seems to be full of air. What causes it, and will it heal all right?>—J. B. A. The bureau of animal industry says that the air in the wound is caused by the loose cellular tissues being filled with air which is pump- ed into this area by the movement of the limb back and forth. This condition will not produce any se- rious results, but will correct itself in time. Q. How did the Iberian Peninsula, which is composed of Spain and Por- tugal, receive this name—R. S. I A. The Iberian Peninsula was so named from its ancient inhabitants, who were known as the Iberes. Ac- cording to some authorities, the word merely means “inhabitants” The name seems to have been ap- plied by the earlier Greek navigators to the peoples on the eastern coast of Spain, probably originally those who dwelt by the River Iberus, the modern Ebro. Iberian thus means sometimes the population of the pe- ninsula in general and sometimes the peoples of some definite race who formed one clement in the popula- tion. Q. How long has Buffalo Bill been dead?—W. J. C. A. Buffalo Bill died Col., on January 10, 1917. in Denver, Q. Are passenger automobiles used more for business or for pleas- ure?—J. G. M. A. Sixty per cent of passenger car mileage is for business purposes. Q. England w mother born?—M. E. W. A. Mary Ball, the mother of George Washington, was not born in England. Her birthplace was on her father's estate in Lancaster County, Va. She was born in 1708. Her father, Joseph Ball, had four chil- dren: Joseph Ball, jr., Susie, Mary, and a fourth child whose name Is not mentioned. In what country or shire of George Washington's Q. Please give the history of the name “Abilene” as applied to & town in Kansas? The name is derived from a province of ancient Syria. The word means “a grassy plain.” Q. Did Queen Victoria's reign | bring about a lessening of crime in England?—D. Q. R. to the crown there were about 50,00 convicts {n England. At her death there were less than 6,000, Q. Where is Eleonora Duse 1, 2 _$ ¥n 2 urled? A. The Ttalian buried in ths Italy. Her marked Q. How many there now?—H. M. A. There are €56.547 members, Scouts. At their fourteenth annu; convention, in St Louis, it was cided to raise $16,000,000 for nation: scouting. tragedienns g cemetery of Asolo, grave is beautifully Boy Scouts 8. 2,031 troops and including Lone are Q. Does artificial silk place of natural silk?— A. It was originally m.lnu{-v-vur-d, as a substitute for silk, but has comet to occupy a place of its own. In 1913 1,666,000 pounds were produced, while In 1822 24,406,000 pounds were ma The greatest use of this fiber been made by the knitting industr for hoslery, sweaters, scarfs, ties and knit dress fabrics. Iflk' th Q. What are the insects on a small tree in a glass case in the museum at Colombo?—G. H. G. A. The director of the Colomba Museum says that these are livinz leaf insects. They are true insects hi longing to the family Phasmidae Which also includes a variety of twig like forms. The specimens kept view at the museum are fed on guava leaves, but in a wild state t nrot ably eat a variety of forest Q. What is a henry? A. It is the practical duction in the measure and mutual induction. It in honor of Joseph Henry tributed greatly to the w of knowledge regarding el like manner was the watt cal unit of power or a for James Watt, the me gineer, famous for his § of the steam engine. Q. Is it true that men of stature have never figured pr ly in our government? A. Lombroso in his “Man Genius" says that greatness stature are rarely found toge consulting blographies of & number great men In American history. how- ever, it has been found that this statement does not always app There have been on the whole more prominent men above middic height than below. Among the short men may be numbered John Quincy Adams, Admiral Farragut. Paul Jones, Gen. 'Phil Sheridan, Stephen Al Douglas, William H. Sewurd and Mar- tin Van' Buren. On the other hand we find that Charles Sumner was 6 feet 4; Thomas Jefferson, 6 f. Charles Godfrey Leland, 6 feet 27.. Andrew Jackson, 6 feet 1; Samu Adams, Salmon P. Chase and Jona- than Edwards described as “over @ feet”’; James Monroe, 8 feet or more: Bayard Taylor, 6 feet at the age of, seventesn; George Washington. @ feet. Henry Ward Beecher tufus Choate and Benjamin Franklin were slightly under 6 feet. Daniel Webster and Patrick Henry were about feet 10 w vements rt nen (Readers of The Evening Star should send their questions to The Star Di- | formation Burcau. Frederic J Has Director, 21st and C streets morihiwest The only charge for this service is * A. When Queen Victoria succeeded conts in stamps for return postage.) CONVENTION OBSERVATIO BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. New York, Jume 28.—Oratorical honors at the convention ure rapidly passing to the women. On Friday they outshone the men time after time. As seconders of nominations representatives of the newly enfranchised sex revealed a brevity. a wit and a lucidity that the men at this convention have not faintly approached. Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett of Alexandria, Va, who sec- onded Carter Glass' nomination; Mrs. Carolyn Miller of Pittsburgh, who spoke on behalf of “Al" Smith, and Mrs. Izetta Jewell Brown of West Virginia, who supported John W Davis, successively carried the con- vention off its feet. Each was the re- cipient of a remarkable ovation. Mrs Barrett had to return to the plat- form half a dozen times. to blow kisses of thanks to the enthusiastic crowd. Mrs. Brown fulfilled precisely the same role on_behalf of Davis that she did at San Francisco in 1920. Hundreds of delegates remem- bered her, and, by request, she retold the story’ that sent the former con- vention into a paroxysm of mirth. * ok ox McAdoo headquarters at the Van- derbilt Hotel is in sackcloth and ashes, but not over the alleged slump in its hero's fortunes. The Califor- nians have been dispensing free orange juice to thirsty delegates. The supply ran pretty low during the hot spell earlier in the week, so it was decided to conserve the remaining ra- tions for emergency use. To the con- sternation of the chief supervisor of the orange juice, it was today dis- covered that unknown miscreants have been tampering with it. It was found to be richly seasoned with black onions, several hogsheads of it. Attaches of the hotel. with leanings in “Al" Smith's direction. are sus- pected of being the culprits. * ok ok % “Young Bob" La Follette is here with a watching brief for his distin- guished dad. He authorizes this ob- server to describe as “pure bunk* re- ports emanating from Washington that Senator La Follette is in such failing health that he has abandoned all intention of accepting nomination for the presidency at Cleveland next week. Robert, jr., says there will be a succession of such exaggerations from now on, and that their purpose is transparent * % X As the convention approaches the de- cisive stage, Republican scouts make their appearance in increasing num- bers. Charles D. Hilles, Will Hays, Phil Campbell, Theodore E. Burton, Frank H. Hitchcock, Senator Short- ridge, and, of course, any number of New York G. O. P. dignitaries, are in constant attendance at Madison Square Garden. One and all of them look upon the Democratic turmoil as love's labor lost, but that doesn’t pre- vent them from cherishing some healthy curiosity about the identity of the candidate they've got to beat. They seem to think that either John . Davis or Oscar Underwood would be the toughest nut for Coolidge to crack. * %% ¥ Overheard in the Waldorf-Astoria lobby: Fair Virginia (soliciting subscrip- tions for the Thomas Jefferson Mon- ticello fund) to gallant southern dele- gate—Can't 1 interest you in Thomas Jefferson? Southern Gentleman—Madame, can't you see from this badge that I'm al- Teady pledged to Carter Glass? * ¥ x x Hardly ever since language was in- vented has such a deluge of it, most- Iy dull and tiresome, falien upon & helpless multitude as drenched the fatigued thousands in Madison Square ence’s patience. Seconding speeches are the last word in futility They revel in repetition of what somehody already has said. and usually said better. Few are ever listened t and when they become long-winded they arouse either mirth or Jjeers. Somebody from Main Street, Pa.. onding McAdoo, bored the Garden to extinction. He had memorized his harangue. and as platitude after plati- [tude oozed forth, the galleri “Andy Gump. and “Abie the Agent.” man Wals finally led the unfortunate man awas from the speaker's stand amid peals of laughter that were. in fact, sighs ot relief. * ox % The Carter Glass demonstration, despite manifest organization, smack ed of heartiness and spontaneity. | raged around four silken Lanners, in- scribed, respectively, “Glass Is the Leader,” “Glass Means Confidence “Glass Spells Success” and “(Glass Will Win." One of his seconders [ labeled the junior senator from th Old Dominfon_*that little giant fror the Virginia hitls.” * ¥ ¥ X British, French, Duth Japanese, Canadian and ican newspaper correspondents i reporting the convention. Their terest is mainly in the platform and declarations on foreign v. Most of the international are weathering their first experience of an American national convention and marvel at its eccentricities. A jour- nalist from Nippon was curious know whether the lady who held red rooster aloft from the speaker's stand, in honor of McAdoon. W pers forming a ritual. Our foreign co leagues find it difficult to take convention serfously. With more decorous view of politi feel that some of the things pening in Madison Square incredibly asinine, as the invasion of the platform day by a double quartet. w up the Silzer demonstirat songs about the New .Jcrsey Eov- ernor, to the tunes of popular mui- odies. J * k k¥ The convention band is hard work- ing, but needs no pity. money. Under the ruies, quired to play twice, gratis, ticular piece required to demonstration. Anything bevond that costs real money—$500 a number 17 a southern favorite son, for example wants “Dixle,” “The Suwanee It or “Carry Me Back to Old Virz kept going for stimulating purposes. somebody has to pay the pipers Whether Al Smith gets a rate on “The Bowery," “East Side, West Side or “The Sidewalks of New has not been revealed. About a mil- lion dollars’ worth of Manhattan's classics has been played this week 1tal Ame seribes to the their they hap- is coining it any par start & School Promotion Query. To the Bditar of The Star: On the strength of his grading for a school term our boy was recom- mended for a straight out-and-out promotion to the 2B grade. Can vou imagine our surprise when the as- sistant superintendent in charge of white schools informed us that as & result of a certain “intelligence test” the boy was ordered to be promoted “om trial” te the 2B by a scientifio educator named Dr. Jesse La Salle? It the intelligence test is to have preference over and is to supersede the grading for a school term. by what standard of marking are par- ents to be guided. Of what use are the school report cards then? ~Canf it be possible that this intelligence test, so-called, is being exploited by a faddist educational clique ‘st the expense of mearly 100, school Garden on the day nominations closed. It was mainly the seconders ot uvo:nr sons who tried the audi- children? Why not test the intelli- gonce te-uu° The old saying is: A dumbbdl scholar reflects a dumb-