Evening Star Newspaper, June 6, 1924, Page 6

‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY..c........June 6, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 Raat 4%0d St. Ciicago Office: Tower Building. . Puropean Office: 10 Regeat S¢., Londos, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morming edition, 1a delivered by carriers within the ©ity at 60 cents per month: daily only, 43 cents per mouth: Sunday oniy, 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- hone Main 5000, Collection is made by car- Tiers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, 70c Daily only. 1y, $6.00; 1 mo., 60 Sunday only. 1¥r,32.40; 1 mo, 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo,, 85¢ Daily oaly 1yr, $7.00;1mo, §0c Sunday only. 1yr., $3.00;1mo, 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled fo the use for republication of all news dis- patehes credited to it or not otherwise credited this paper and also the local news pub. shed berein. All rights of publication of pecial dispatches hernfn are also reserved. —_—— Lump-Sum Wins, A compromise on $9,000,000 lump- sum appropriation of federal funds for the District is a poor outcome of the conference deadlock on the Capital's fiscal measure. This agreement, reached late last night by the con- ferees, constitutes a substantial vic- tory for the foes of the definite ratio principle, despite the addition of & mil- lion to the government's share of the budget, plus the fines and fees that were added in the House to make the otal, it is roughly estimated, $10,000,- 000. Ratification of the agreement is 10 be expected. There is no reason for the House to demur, and there is small ground for hope that the Senate ‘will insist upon further disagreement. It was hoped when the Senate sent the bill to conference with an equivo- «cal compromise between the 60-40 plan @nd the lump-sum proposal, involving &n increase of the federal contribution 10 $14,000,000 from $8,000,000, that the tixed-ratio principle would be adopted for the ensuing fiscal year, with a ref- erence of the matter to a joint com- mission for full study for the guidance of Congress at the next session. Vari- ous proposals to this end were made in conference, mainly by senators, but ‘were resisted to the last by unyielding opponents of the fixed-ratio principle. So, for the present, the definite pro- portion principle is abandoned in the maintenance of the National Capital. The government will during the com- ing fiscal year pay directly $9,000,000 and indirectly $1,000.000 more out of fees and fines, though every dollar of that additional million will come from District pockets. Actually this amount will be close to the ratio. But the vital- 1y important fact is that the guaran- tee of a definite proportion of the Capi- tal municipality’s expense is gone. Nobody can compute the amount that will be thus contributed another year. No dependence can be put upon the continued refund or surrender of the fees and fines to become District credits. A material increase in local taxation is in prospect. Already high, the Dis- trict's tax burden is certain to become higher. For one thing, with the aban- donment of the fixed-proportion prin- ciple Congress relieves itself of the obligation, from the point of view of federal economy, to keep the local appropriations down to a minimum. As long as the ratio was maintained, in whatever terms, there was an in- centive, in the framing of the appro- propriation bill, to reduce the items, every one of which, with a few ex- ceptions, entailed some measure of government contribution. With a Jump sum substituted, changeable at the will and whim of Congress annual- 1y, this incentive to reduce the appro- priations disappears. The District wants to grow, to im- prove, to equip itself fully with all the essentials of modern municipal life and health. It has always been willing 10 provide by taxation the means nec- -essary to effect this development, even 10 the extent of a heavy tax burden. But it does not face with equanimity the prospect of an unchecked appro- priation of its tax revenues by a legis- lative body in which it is not repre- sented, which has shown itself to be hostile to its equitable rights and heedless of its appeals and protests, It thig new principle in District- federal relationship thus becomes law end is maintained in the future, the District has, of course, no appeal. It must accept the situation, protesting and again showing the inequity of the procedure, ineffectually because of the prejudice and misinformation preva- lent in the law-making body. It still hopes that on second thoughts Con- xress may regard this action of 1924 as merely the preface of a full con- sideration of this matter, proceeding at the coming session to provide for a full, free and fair inquiry that will determine precisely the comparative tax burdens of the District and other communities. Washington has no fear of facing such a test. It would. wel- come an opportunity once more to prove that it is already highly taxed, and that it needs and deserves the aid of a definite ratio of federal aid. ———— Paris has recently been showing re- ‘markable facility in getting through a political crisis without any duels. ———— The Realtors. The realtors are attracting nation- wide attention. The President has made a speech and several high, though subordinate, officers of the government have addressed them. News of the convention has been given greater prominence and wider distribution than if the convention had been held in any other city. In the course of the convention there has been much discussion of general interest. There is talk of making the real estate vocation a profession rather than a business. ‘The so-called “learned professions” were once clearly defined and uni- versally accepted. Many ‘“callings” now require as good fundamental education and special training as the old professions, and the list of ‘“‘pro- fessions” has lengthened. Time ‘whea & man could follow the “learniey profession” of the law by reading a law book in a lawyer's office and be- ing admitted to practice before the courts of the county on motion of that lawyer. A man could learn & few things about a few drugs and herbs and practice without special training or examination the learned profession of “physick.” Many lines of business have become so complex and responsible that a man to follow them successfully must have sound understanding and large technical knowledge. There is relationship be- tween the real estate business and the law. The realtors have talked about adopting a code of ethics. When a man practicing law, medicine or sell- ing groceries is an honest man, ac- cording to the high and traditional meaning of honesty, he does not need a written code of ethics. But in the professions and in every business come men who have not that high traditional conception of honesty and they may follow methods which to their understanding are honest and dietated Dby business principles, but which other men consider not honest. The sound business principle is hon- esty, but often if a man does not mix some shrewdness with his honesty he fails; and there is a strong temp- tation to mix in so much shrewdness that in the compound the honesty gets a little weak. In any business or pro- fession the strong men do not need a written code of ethics, but it is often a caeck on the weaker members of the flock. Another thing the convention is do- ing is to familiarize people with the word “realtor.”” Many persons have read of the distinction between real- tor and “real estate man,” but it is hard to introduce a new word in our language. Sometimes a new word will walk in and be accepted by unanimous consent, but a personally conducted word often meets opposition. The ‘convention of the realtors is a great success. The Oil-Inquiry Report. Considering the acrimony and vio- lence of the early stages of the naval oil inquiry the report filed yesterday with the Senate by Senator Walsh for the majority of the investigating com- mittee is @ temperate and judicial document. 1s is eminently fair in its discrimination between proved and un- proved accusations. It finds that there was “utter disregard of law” and “‘un- warranted assumption of authority” on the part of the former Secretary of the Interior in connection with the leases. It holds that the executive order transferring the control over the reserves from the N: y Department to the Interior Department by the President was illegal. The leases themselves are criticized as “inde fensibly wasteful.” The secret negotia tion of the leases is rated as contrary to law, and the acceptance by Mr. Fall of $100,000 from one of the lessees is characterized as “in the last degree reprehensible.”” In its negative findings the commit- tee's report manifests a spirit of scrupulous fairness. It states that there is no tis tory proof of the charge that public officials took advan- tage of their knowledge of the naval leases in order to speculate in oil 1t states that the evidence fails stablish the existence of any con- spiracy between oil operators and Re- publican leaders of the national con- vention in 1920 to exploit the public resources. It exonerates Secretary Denby and Assistant Secretary Roose- velt of having had any part whatever in the negotiations which led up to| the leases. Thus the report follows the line public expectation. A great deal time was spent by the committee in following side lines of the inquiry, in pursuing unfounded hints and allega- tions, in untangling complexes of per- sonal procedure. But the major facts were evident early in the case. It was possible at that early stage for the government to act to protect itself, to undo as far as the law permits what- ever wrong has been done and to start the process of punishment for those implicated in the wrongdoing. Thus long before the final report came the judicial process was invoked. The re- port in consequence comes chiefly as a matter of record. It comprises a valuable, instructive and iluminating review of this complicated affair. It may become a ‘‘campaign document,” but in itself it stands as a commend- ably non-partisan summary which does credit to Senator Wi for his thoroughness and care. e r—e—— The Republican ce presidential candidate will, of course, be a man whose views are in accord with those of President Coolidge. His own sense of fitness as either candidate or of- ficial would require this. ———————— Mr. McAdoo and Mr. Smith are both strong enough to make a few dark- horse Democrats wonder whether they. ‘may not be induced to follow a not un- familiar procedure and compromise on somebody else. e There are still bookmakers in New York who insist on regarding nearly everything that happens in Madison Square Garden as a great sporting event. of of The Oratory Finals Tonight. Tonight at Continental Hall seven young orators, representing the school children of the United States, will meet in the final test of their ability to interpret the basic law of the re- public. They are the “survivors” of & national competition in which 1,000, 000 young people participated. The subject of the contest is the Constitn- tion. The purpose of it has been to stimulate the study of the national fundamental law to promote better un- derstanding of its principles and its terms,.and thus to make for better citizenship in the rising generation of Americans. These young people come from Ken- tucky, Pennsylvania, New York, Cali- fornia, Alabama, Kansas and the Dis- trict of Columbia. They have won against large fields of competitors. ‘The six from the states have held their own in their town, county, state and grand division competitions. The Dis- trict contestant won her place in class, school and city contest. Washington has a slight geographical advantage in the comparative narrowness of its ter- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, JUNE 6, 1924, e e Y N D e T ritory, but its representative must meet those who represent the country at large. The Star has been proud to be the promoter of this contest in Washing- ton. It accepted this responsibility with & view to alding a work that would surely make for a substantial strengthening of citizenship in the United States. All over the country to- day attention is centered in Washing- ton. The million school children who took part and their families and friends, numbering many millions, will be attentive to the finals of tonight. A board of the most eminent judges will render the decision. The Presi- dent of the United States will partici- pate in the meeting. The president of the American Bar Association will preside. e ——— Among those present at the New York convention will be William Jen- nings Bryan. There are no great expectations of an oration from him that will equal the cross-of-gold speech which electrified the public on the oc- casion of his spectacular entrance into the arena of controversial statesman- ship. Brilliancy of rhetorical demon- stration has been less in evidence In his more mature expression than logi- cal discrimination and an attentive study of the methods by which men and events may be molded in intel- lectual counsel. Mr. Bryan's voice may still carry influence, but it is unlikely to be that resulting from an impetu- ous appeal to grandstand or gallery. Along with the peycopathy of the Franks case comes the cold, hard theory of a Chicago policeman that the motive was a desire for money to permit extravagant pleasures for which even the allowance of & mil- lionaire’s #on would not provide. ‘When you tell your troubles to a policeman, instead of sympathy you often get a lne of blunt, practical reasoning. e There are limits to intellectual as well as to physical strength. In the education of youth it may become necessary to look for a means to esti- mate the individual brain’s carrying capaeity. ——————— Monument or no monument, the American public will continue to hold base ball in honor as a splendid sport, and a refuge from care that brings no insidious thrill of underworld sugges- tion. —_————— . It may mollify the feelings of thoughful Japanese who suspect Amer- ican prejudice to note many evidences of disapproval in the U. 8. A. of some of the doings of Congress itself. e It is expected that Mr. La Follette will have a band wagon even though the musicians available have hitherto been on more or less discordant terms. —————————— It should be a relief to the adminis- tration to go before a body of states- men at Cleveland, Ohio, without fear of having to use a veto. ——————— It may help to straighten out the Japanese misunderstanding if the jingoes of mll languages will let it alone for a while. The public can at least commend the ngw law as @ proof that tax revision downward is a practical possibility. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Unsatisfaction. No matter what the heart may crave When it's attained, in accents grave, Man says that witat he once admired Does not prove quite what he desired. ‘We pray for rain and then regret The fact that it is much too wet. We pray for sunshine in the sky And then protest it's much too dry. ‘We call for harmony complete And yet, when harmony we meet, A few suspect it ain't right And yearn for an old-fashioned fight! In Reverent Self-Effacoment. “I was sorry to notice that you did not join in the chorus of our national anthem. “I repeated the words to myself,” answered Senator Sorghum. A per- son of my limited musical accomplish- ments may show his deepest respect for a tune by not trying to sing it.”” Too Much Originality. Too often “genius” is proclaimed Of “egocentrics” who would rule The ways to profit or to fame By reasonings never learned in school. Jud Tunkins says a man who keeps a chip on his shoulder can never be depended on to help out by carrying a useful stick of firewood. Ethelinda. ‘When Ethelinda goes to vote Her independence great we note. | She does not hesitate to wear Short trousers and likewise short hair, She takes a short smoke now and then On cigarettes, just like the men. Her jaunty grace bids all defer. ‘The ballot should be proud of her. And yet we wonder, truth to tell, Could she not cast a vote as well ‘Without the lately borrowed tricks Of cigarette, short hair and knicks? Trees of the Future. “‘What will a bootlegger who makes a fortune do when people ask ebout his family tree?” “I don’t know,” answered Miss Cay- enne, “‘unless he can satisfy society by referring to it as a shoetree.” Clinic or Court. “Kissing is very dangerous,” re- marked the scientist. “It is,” remarked Mr. Dustin Stax. “If it doesn’t get you into the hands of the doctors it's liable to turn you over to the lawyers. ‘Words of Cheer. The candidate is drawing near. Life takes a kindlier twist; , And each, as future plans we hear, Becomes an optimist. “A man dat never changed his mind,” sald Uncle Eben, “wounldn’t have no more sense dan to go on wearin' his wintet clothes gl sum- mer.” Answers to Questions BY FREDERIO J. HASKIN Q. Who is the author of the “Mir- rors of Washington”?—M. O. D. A. It was published anonymously, but Clinton W. Gilbert has admitted that he Is the author. At the time he wrote it. he was Washington cor- respondent for the Philadelphia Public Ledger. Q. What 1s meant by the Jares- town experiment?—B. J. E. A. Jamestown, N. Y., has put into operation the principle of municipal ownership with remarkable succes: It has the greatest number of muni ipally owned and operated public utilities In Ameri Q. How much of the water of gara s used for power'—M. A. One-fourth of the average flow is 0 employed. In 1909 by treaty with Canada a limit to diversion of water for power purposes was set at 56,000 cubic feet per second. This amount fs divided unequally, Canada gotting 36,000 cublo feet and the Inited States 20,000 cubic feet. w Q. Where is the exact center of the United States?—B. D. C. A. The center of area, ie, the point on which the surface of the United States would balanoe If it were a plane of uniform welght, is located in northern Kansas, ten miles north of Smith Center, the county seat of Smith County, in approxi- mately latitude 39° 50°. Q.Who first made wooden clocks in America?—F. M. C. A. Eli Terry, born at Windsor, Conn., in 1772, made his first clocks by hand, the movements being of wood. He was the leading maker of wooden clocks in America and in- vented the shelf clock which intro- duced the pillar- Q. What did Mrs. Russell Sage do for bird protection?—R. V. A. In 1913 Mrs Sage took first position among the founders of the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund by a gift of $25,000 to the endow- ment, representing very nearly one- quarter of the entire fund. At a total cost of $160,000 she purchased Marsh Isiand, of 72,000 acres, on the coast of Louisiana, about 150 miles west of New Orleans, and presented it as a game sanctuary to the State of Louisiana, for the benefit of the law-abiding sportsmen of the United States and Canada. In addition to this, Mrs. Sage gave about $23,000 to other bird-protection causes, mak- ing her total credit in that line of endeavor about $208,000. The Perma- nent Fund awarded her its gold medal for distinguished mservices to wild life. Q. How fast are big tunnels dug? —D A A. Some of the record diggings of tunnels were: Simplon, 685.5 feet per month; Rogers Pass tunnel, Cana- dian Pacific railroad, 932 feet; Red Rock tunnel, Los Angeles, 1,061% feet. Q. Is Dr. Robert Bridges a uni- versity man?—C. G. A. The poet laureate of England, ‘who is now in this country, is an Ox- ford graduate. He is a critic and a physician as well as poet. Q. Can you give me any figures showing the approximate number of ;rl;;g ed children in this country?— A E. F. Allen of Elyria, Ohio, has made a survey which indicates that there are about 325,000. Q. What is the negro population of the United States outside the south- ern states?—L. K. D. A. The latest census figures (1920) placed the number at 1,550,754, The migrations of 1921, 1922’ and 1923 are estimated to add at least 400,000 to the number. Q. Who was the governor elected by one vote and in what state?— N.W. A. Marcus Morton was twice elests ed Governor of Massachusetts by a majority of one vote: once by tha people and once by the legislature. Q _What is a een heron?—E. w. C. e A. This bird, which is sometimes called the fly-up-the-creek, is about one and one-half feet long and is common throughout the United States and Capada. It feeds mostly on fish, frogs and other aquatic ani- mals and may be seen, particularly in the morning and in the evening, standing patiently motionless in some shallow water, waiting till prey comes within reach. Q. How many workers did the Sal- vation Army have in France at the time of the signing of the armistice? —P. A A. They had 12,000 trained war re- lief workers, 85 per cent of whom were women. The rest wers men re- jected for military service because of age or physical disability. The Salvation Army entered France four- teen days after Germany invaded Belgium. Q. When did the Haymarket riot in Chicago occur?—S. F. A. This riot took place on May 4, 1886, in a square in Randolph street, Chicago, when the police attempted to disperse an open-air meeting of anarchists. Seven policemen were killed and twenty-seven wounded by a bomb. (Let The Star Information Bureau an- swer your questions. Send your ingwry to The Star Information Bureaw, Fred- eric J. Haskin, Director, 2ist and C streets northwest. There is no charge ezcept 2 cents in stamps for Toturn post- age.) Seeks Heir to Millions. Trustee Hunts For Daughters of Martha Jennings. To the Editor of The Star: As Silas Wegg would say, “T arsks you,” one and all—readers of The Star, what would you have done in the following" “sitivation?” Suppose you were a “po’ white lady,” who had taken a few days off from your job In a government bureau to sew a few frocks for yourself against the time when summer really arrives. And suppose you were very busy at the sewing machine when' the door bell rang. And suppose you an- swered the door and found a very dis- tinguished-looking gentleman who said he was a lawyer from Kentacky and wished to talk to you. And sup- pose in a half-jesting Way you asked if he wished to talk about a fortune, and in a most matter-of-fact way he answered, “Yes, about an estate of 14,000,000.” e And suppose after you had sat down hastily, and your heart had stopped skipping beats, and you asked & few questions and found that you were not the right heir, and you thanked Providence that such a terrible bur- den was not to be laid on you. Wouldn't any one consider that a rather thrilling incident for a stormy oon ? B‘éu"l“l’ there was quite a thrill in giving free rein to one's imagination for the rest of the afternoon as to what one might have been able to do with it, say to help bables, for In- stance. til dying day I shall laugh whenever T fhink of the taxi-drivers expression. I wondered, why, when I opened the door he was standing, transfixed. in the middle of the street gazing at me. T'am hoping that some of the read- ers of The Star may know the right- ful heirs. Part of this huge fortune awaits the heirs of Paschal Jennings. The one sought is his daughter, Martha Jennings, who lived in Lynch- burg, Va. She married & man named Mellen or Mellon. afterward came to Washington, D. C. She had three ‘lnlhta;: 'dllmd‘l'":ll‘!‘:& for the ent. e died in governm e IN TODAY’S BY PAUL V. COLLINS Reports have been coming, thick and fast, in the last few days indicat- ing a proximate outbreak of another Balkan war. The belligerants in the rumored hostilities are said to be soviet Russia, or, in the language of oastorn Europe, the “Federation of Socialist Soviet Republics” on the one side and Rumania on the other. The bone of contention is Bessarabia. A pamphlet written by Prince An- tolne Bibesco, Rumanian minister to the United States, will holp the gen- eral reader to visualizo Bessarabla— once a province of Count Bessarab. “The very existence of Bessarabia,” says the prince, “was, until our day, unknown, except to a few speclalists. The smme good people who used to belleve that the Ukraine was a musi- cal instrument imported from Hawali, and that both Gallipoll and Galicia were In Spain, thought, when they saw the name Bessarabla in print, that it was part of Arabla.” Bessarabla {s a region lylng be- tween the mouthe of the Dneister and the Danube—therefors, between Rus- sla and Rumania—and bordering upon the Black Sea. It has a population of 3.000,000. Its chief importance lics in its command of the mouth of the Danube, the great artery of com- merce leading around the southern boundary of Rumania far up into central Europe. Just as In the Jef- fersonian days of early United States, when Napoléon controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River, and it was strategetically necessary for our country to gain that control even at the cost of war, 8o it is held of vital importance to Rumania never to sur- render the mouth of the Danube, since that is the economic and military key to Rumania’s commerce and safety. * ok ok It will be recalled that at the be- ginning of the world war, Rumania, under King Charles I, was on the verge of aligning herself with the central powers, for Charles (or Carol of the Rumanian throme) was Carl von Hohenzollern by birth. He died and was succeeded by his nephew Ferdinand, who, with the general population, was Latin in sympathy. His policy was to maintain neutrality, for Rumania was weak financially, and in no condition of preparedness to enter such a war. This was satis- factory to the allles, sinco as a neu- tral buffer state, she would serve their purpose in intervening against any advance of German or Austrian armies, But after the fall of Kerensky, Rus- sian_bolsheviks pressed Rumania to choose between active fighting of the central powers or invasion by the Russians. Reluctantly she entered the war. In her utter defeat she was forced to give Germany the seacoast, and to Austria and Bulgaria practi- cally all the rest of her territory ex- cept a nominal center. with the neces- sity of paying the maintenance of a large German army of occupation. Since the revolution in Russia and the exposure of Russian archives, it transpires that the bolshevik forcing of Rumania to take aggressive action against Germany and Austria was part of a betrayal by Russia by which Russia had bribed Germany Into agreeing not to pursue attack against Russia, in consideration of the sacrifice of Rumania. The whole plot was a “sop to Cerberus.” By the treaty of Bucharest, May 6, 1918, Ru- mania was ruined. x * x % The Russians claimed justification for their betrayal of Rumania since Rumania had previously encroached Protest of Japan Against Exclusion Stirs Editors Opinions of editors toward Japan's protest agalnst Japanese exclusion in the new immigration law again brings out the expression of many minds on a many-sided question. The New York World suys the protest "is in excellent spirit and not wanting in force of argu- ment, but as an appeal for fair dealing and observance of treaties it will fall upon deaf ears except as to American public opinion.” Their hope of recpening the whole is- sue, the St Paul Dispatch is confident, “cannot conceivably be immediately at- tained, since the matter has been closed by enactment of the law,” however, “the protest will serve the purpose of plac- ing Japan formally on record against the proviso, and probably is counted upon in Japan to be of advantage when the matter of immigration legislation again appears in Congross in the fu- ture.” The Spokane Spokesman Review dectares “the protest has no foundation in international law or Japanese prece- dent,” and it recalls that the “gentle- men's agreenment” was to be set aside if it did not work satisfactorily. The Spokesman Review claims the Japanese have violated this agréement by sending thousands of “picture brides” and by certifying immigrants as “students” who spent only a few weeks in American schools and then accepted employment and later became proprietors of various busincss enterprises. The Spokesman Review sets forth other instances of evasiof _of the agreement, and it con- cludes “in the face of the facts and rec- ords it is presumptuous, inconsistent and in bad taste for the Japanese govemi- ment to lodge & protest against our re- cently enacted immigration law.” Al- though the Portland, Ore., Journal con- cedes the Japanese have a right to pro- test, and that the United States will give full consideration to anything they have to say relative to exclusion, yet it in- sists “the United States, in this case and in all others, must insist on its right to make its own laws for its own protection and its own people.” * k% % “No protest possibly could be logi- ical and consistent,” in the opinion of the Sioux City Journal, which ex- plains that “America’s statute books have a law that the Japanese are not eligible to become American citizens,” and that “the decision of the Supreme Court did not insult the Japanese,” therefore, “the whole objection seems to be based on the fact that an outlet for their expanding population has been closed.” If the total exclusion, continues the Philadelphia Record, “is an Injustice and affront to Japan the greater part of that injustice and affront was accepted by Japan several years ago.” In substance as well as in temper, the protest, according to the Louisville Courier-Journal, dicates that the government that is- sued it is not quite sure its position is impregnable—the simple truth is that the government at Tokio is \confront- ed by the insuperable logic of the American government's reasoning, namely, that each nation, in its sov: ereign capacity, has the right to regu- }:&‘;.‘,l it may see fit, its domestic at- So far as the diplomatio relations of the two countries are concerned, the Springfield Republican maintains, “we may look to the note for guid- ance in regard to the attitude of the Japanese government; but to gauge the feeling of the Japanese people we must take into account not merely this dignified official protest, but the growing anti-American agitation which this dramatic hara-Kkiri is like 1y to intensify.” The protest is sig- nificant, the Dallas Journal suggests, because, “in the face of so much pop- ular resentment, leaders of both par- tles in the houses of the Japanese Diet have pledged themselves to work for restoration of the ‘old amity be- tween the two count ‘While there is *“ne timation of SPOTLIGHT upon Russian territory in seeking to reclaim from the Russian domain the rich province of Bessarabia, immedi- ately after the downfall of the czar in 1917, while the soviets were in con- fusion. Reconstructed Russia had been forced to give up Finland, Po- land, Lithuania and Latvia, so why not also Bessarabla? It was not Rus- sian in population and had not al- ways belonged to Russia, but had been given her by the Sultan of Tur- key. It was the pri of peace be- tween Tarkey and Russia in 1812, in onticipation of invasion of Turkey by Napoleon. But Bessarabla had re- mained Rumanian ethnologically throughout the century, in spite of strenuous efforts to Russianize the peopie. b Soon after the beginning of the world war the Rumanian population of Bessarabia (numbering, according to Russian censuses, from 47 per cent in 1897 to 66 per cent of the total population fn 1910) began agitating for an independent Bessarabia, or at least local autonomy as a Russian province. When the bolsheyiks came into power in 1917, they threatened to set up a soviet in Bessarabia, sreupon the Rumanfans of that ;gl»vlm:- formed a “national council” a representative constituent assem- bly, elected by the people, which, in Dacember, 1917, issucd a declaration of independence, and a week later asked Rumania to send in troops to drive out Russian brigands and pre- serve order. Later came the Russian plot to in- duce Rumania to enter the war and be sacrificed to the central powers, as above related. At the Versailles con- the policy was announced ‘self-determination” should gov- ern in assigning territory. Conse- quently, Bessarabia, with its two- thirds of the population of Rumania, was given to Rumania. Russia never acquiesced In that assignme but Italy, Great Eritain and France have ratified it. The United States took no part in it, having no “en- tangling alliances. * x * % In the assigning of mandates by the Versailles peace conference, the Tnited States was offered a mandate over Constantinople, as well as over Armenia and Turkey, all of which was refused. In the course of the war the British navy had made a desperate and unsuccessful attempt to capture Constantinople. That port has long been recognized as the key to the near east, and, according to the Rumanian minister, Prince Bibes- co, if the British effort to capture it bad succeeded the war would have ended two years earlier, for it would have released the grain of Russia to the markets of the allies, stopped the financial collapse of the czar's gov- ernment, prevented the bolshevik treachery and driven a wedge tween Germany and Turkey. So highly is Constantinople appreciated by Russia that it is known as “Czar- agrad”—the dream of the Russian czars from time immemoria Rumania aseumes that t aggresion of Russia upon B would not end with that province. It but a step in a grand to connect Russia with Bulgaria and ultimately to ‘zarograd’ from the tradis Turkey. It would also involve a slice from Greece. The plan could never culminate except through another general Balkan upheaval, certain to involve the great powers as well as the little entente. There is no official confirmation by our State Department of the disturb- ing reports. (Copyright. 1924. vie by Panl V. Collins.) trouble in the note of protest™ the Brooklyn Eagle asks “who can deny that serious trouble may come?” Furthermore, “the friends of Japan in this country as well as the friends of peace are facing a crisis and an opportanity, and they should do their best to offset the prejudice and ani- mosity which will be aroused by Japan's note.” The New York Herald| Tribune is sure “the filing of the Tokio protest reawakens regret that any occasion should have been given to Japan to feel hurt over the exten- sion of an American policy in the en- forcement of which it had been invited to lend a_hand.” Buffalo News also feels that has been created unworthy of the United States. Norfolk = Ledger-Dispatch, however, believes there has been “no_treaty violation by this country.” because ‘the understanding with Japan was in the nature of an unofficial under- standing to continue, presumably, so long as it proved satisfactory,” there- fore “Congress and the President were not prevented by any treaty obliga- tions from doing what they did, but every other consideration called out loudfy against it” MAKE HABIT YOUR HIRED MAN BY JOHN CARLYLE. Are you afraid of habit? Most peo- ple are. We teach our children to tear habit. We are always warning them to be careful not to form this habit or that. Soon they come to believe that any- thing that may become a matter of habit is to be shunned. That is a negative idea of habit. Garden Advice Offered. Writer Urges Property Owners to Cultivate Rhododendrons. To the Editor of The Star: The Department ol Agriculture is herc in Washington, with the acou- mulated wisdom of generations at the disposal of any one that will ask for advice, and yet Washington people continue to make the grossest mis- takes n the planting and care of their gardens. A few years ago there was what one might call an outbreak of rhododendrons; they wers planted in quantities in front of many handsome houses and made the city gay each Spring. This year the flowers ars fow and far between. The troubls is dus to the planting and care. No rhodo- dendron or azalea will flourish, for tn- stance, when exposed to a raking wind or to the full sun's rays for a great part of the day, and it will sure- 1y die it the dead leaves are raked away from its roots, so that the earth becomes dry. Many of the rhododen- drons of Washington are exposed to some or all of these conditions. As flowers go, the rhododendron is cost- ly, and this treatment, which results in their refusal to bear blossoms and in gradual decay, is not only an eco- nomic waste, but a decided minimiz- ing of the city's beauty. There is nothing more lovely throughout the year than a healthy rhododendron plant—that Is, what is commonly called a rhododendron, as distinet from the azalea, which b longs to the same family, but is de- ciduous. Both flourish in Washing- ton, if given a chance—which fact the luxuriance of the native laurel in the woods in the park fully proves. But the chance is not often given. For instan lately the wild growth which had been very beautiful, wa: cleared from the grounds of a large house just built, only a group of laurel Leing left. The ground close to this group was spaded up, in the process of making a lawn. Then the ground | and the laurel were heavily limed. Evidently the owner admired the lau- rel and wished to preserve it, but he has done everything to hasten its de- struction. In the first place, he should not have permitted any digging with- in two or three feet of the plants, be- cause the laurel, like the rhododen- dron, has a complicated network of surface roots, in addition to its deeper root. These surface roots form a mat, which should not be cut or disturbed They should be Kept moist, an object which is defeated when the 7 of the soil is raked free of lea: as for lime, it is anathema. The owner of another large house has imported cartioads of rhodod drons to decorate the edge of hi d. | Many of the plants were allowed to lie in the sun, a Kkilling treatment, for only the hardiest plant will survive #Xposure of its roots to the sun's rays. The rhododendrons were planted in land that had been previously raked clear of leaves and prepared with | manure. These are but two instances of in- correct treatment, but many others could be cited. For the sake of the beauty of Washington, which can be 50 much enhanced by the proper cul- ture of the rhododendron, I venture to give a few general hints which, though they may not be compiet will help by drawing attention to the | matter. Before the planting of rhododen- drons it will be well to remove as be full of builder's lime and rubbie, 83 one cun afford to do and replace | with some good, rich, porous, loamy soll. Don't use manure. Plant small evergreens in rows. or in b a couple of feet or-so from the wall of your house to avoid the drip of the roof. Then fill in the bed with rho- | dodendrons or azaleas. To make & better job plant some heaths in front, saturate the whole bed with water and ocover with several inches of | leaves—partially decaved oak leaves for chofce. When the weather is dry water the roots, being careful to wet | the leaves as little as possible. The | late autumn or early spring is the proper time. The rhododendrons must | have oongenial neighbors, such as| evergreens, to protect them from | draughts. and their feet must be kept | damp. which can only be achieved by | maintaining around them a good, decp | mulch of decayed and decaying leaves, | If your rhododrendons are already | growing, lank and short of leafage, in a_dry. unmulched ground, soak the ground thoroughly and pile on dead leaves (oak, if possible). with a fow branches to keep them from blowing away, and see if vour plants don't Put out new growth next spring. Those who are interested in the subject should read “. stocrats of the Garden,” by Ernest H. Wilson of the Arnold Arboretum. Boston (Doubleday-Page). There is also an (gmelre:uns: pamphlet which was ued by the American Hortj 5 Society in Marph, 1923, ’X’hl:yxll-jtfl‘l::l of Aluminum Sulphate on Rhodo- dendron Seedlings,” by Dr. Frederick V. Coville, botanist of the United States Department of Agricluture, The following note, which I made gome years ago on reading Mr. Wil- 'S TY interesting vol e, seems worth transcribing: S Trn stin: “The evergreen rhododendron mainly woodland, partly should never be allowed at the roots. They should be planted in_a situation screened from the morning sun, sheltered from cold, cutting winds and where the ronts will keep cool. They do best when planted in association with trees, and the soil must not contain lime. Soil that is moist, porous and fairly rich in_leaf soil is ideal. Decomposed granitic soil, rich in humus, or loamy soil is also suitable., The 80il in which is Alpine. They to get dry must be kept mulched with leaves Easy to transplant if it is done with a large ball of earth and well sup- plied with water afterward. As for azaleas, @raught has an evil effect, and they should, therefore, be planted in association with heather and hardy heaths, such as calluna vulgaris, erica carnea and erica vagans, which in themselves are pretty and serve to mask the ground from the sun's rays. There is a positive idea about habit. Many of us overlook the wonder- ful constructive possibilities and powers of habit. When we think of habit we are likely to think of morphine and cocaine, or at least of tobacco and coffee. That is getting the nega- tive slant instead of the positive. Habit may be made our most loyal and most powerful servant. You may find it hard to get up early in the morning. The reason that it is so hard to get up early is because of the number of morn- ings on which you do not get up early. If you arose early every morning you would soon form the habit and it would not be painful. Your work piles up on you be- cause you do not finish it, do not clear up the things on your desk be- fore you go home in the evening. If you made it a point to clear up your desk every day before you go home, it would soon become a habit and your work would go on with sur- prising ease. If you will make the effort to be cheerful whether you feel like being cheerful or not, you will before long acquire the habit of cheerfulness. And_you will automatically become much happler and make the people with whom you are associated much happier. ‘We ail know that a bad habit can be acquired with terrifying rapidity. Do a thing even a few times and it is hard to stop doing it Has it occurred to enough of us that a good, useful habit can be ac- Quired just as rapidly? Make your habits do your work. When life's heavier blows fall, when the strain grows greatest, when you need all the strength that you can bring to bear—then your habits get in, their work for good or il k Train a habits WAy t‘lq should go. They will take care you. All flowers should be removed after they have faded, in order to prevent | 1919, | throughout the coun much of the soil, which will probably | & RIGID HEALTH RULES KEPT WILSON ALIVE Dr. Grayson Credits System, Ex- ercise, Humor and Diet in Prolonging Life. BREAK LAID TO CONSCIENCE Trips to Paris and Over U. S. Made for Ideal Against Advice. By the Associxted Press. RICHMOND, Va, June 6.—Rear Ad- miral Cary T. Grayson, Woodrow Wilsor’s physician and confidant for the last eleven years of his life drew an intimats picture of the for- mer President at the commencement exercises of the Medical College of Virgina. Admiral Grayson's thems in his ad- drese to the graduates was preventive medicine, and as an example of how a physician may practice the axiom that “a stitch in time saves nine,” he described how former President Wil- 807, 4 frail man when he entered the ‘White House, was made physically able to carry on the burdens of a war President. % “I cannot think of a better or more practical {llustration of how a person under medical advice, can regulate b daily life €0 as to permit him to give full scope to all the powers confe on him by nature than that fi by the man with whom I had privilege of being in intimate tionship for eleven yei Grayson Carried Hefivy Burden. “During the eight years that row Wilson occupied the House fie worked as few Pry have worked, and bore burdens suck 4s few men are called upon to shoul .~ The remarkable thing in the ase of Mr. Wilson is not that he broke down finally, but that, with & constitution by no means strong, and bearing a burden fit to kill a physical glant, he kept well S e Four features of his life and per- sonality kept him going under con ditions that would have s00n ex hausted the powers of younger tronger men. These four thing wers system, exerc of humor and proper food."” “If President Wilson is to be held up as a model of healthy living, how did he happen to lose his life?” Grayson asked It is a natural question and T will answer it honestly. When Pre at at the Xty-two carefully regulated cons d his health, had he put prudenc 1 caution first, he would never have embarked for Europe Decem- ber 4, 1918. Then and there he de- liberately neglected his health. Then and there he deliberately refused to 3 nd the laws of health w self, so well understood. Warned About Trip. President Wilson, in August was planning his campalgr n support of league of nations 1 had a plair with him as his medical adviser nd_urged him on the grounds of alth not to undertake it. I had constantly at his side in Eng- land, France, Italy well as this remembered how, while d to modify his usual giving up golf and walking for a short daily drive in an automobile, and how he devoted to plans and conferences and deep thought the hours usually sacred tc 1 had seen him in the hospitals where our wounded ldiers lay, and exhausting effect of the oy sensed the emotions on his outwardly undemon but deeply mpathetic Affected by Blind Soldier. evor can I forget his silence wher stood for tha first time—he the fluent speaker—not daring to trust himself to say a word—before a 80l- i who had lost his eyesight in te. “The President wrung the soldier's hand and passed on; but the man asked the nurse afterward why the resident had held his hand so long, gripped it s hard and sald nothing. “In_another ward I remember a splendid specimen of physical devel opment, who stood on crutches at at tention’ for his commander-in-chief President had been struck by the large pumber of patients he saw everywhe bereft of arms and legs and he asked the handsome fellow how he acoounted for it “*Those who were shot higher up are not here’ was the significant answer. “I siw the President’ and he passed on down “These things told on Mr. and they worked his soul up to a pitch of passionate resolution. When 1 urged him to forego his canvass of the country, he told me that no per sonal consideration could divert him I vividly remember our final talk on the subject in his study in the White House. I had made final protest against the trip across the continent “He replied: “‘You must remem soldiers whom I, as nder-in chelf, sent to Europe did not turn back when they met the crucial test in the trenches: mor can I turn bac now. I a ot put my personal safety, or m health, in the balance against my dut I must go." “He walked to the window looking out toward the Washington Monu ment, and stood s! for some sec- onds. When he turned back to me, his face was gray and very grave, and 1 thought I saw a film of mols- ture in his eves. But I knew the decision had been made. There was nothing more for me to say. Enropean Trip Dangerous. *“As a matter of health precaution, o health insurance for himself, Presiden ‘Wilson should not have gone to Europe. and afterward he should not have tray- he he lip quiver line. Wilson that those the development of seed pods and to encourage new growths.” RAYMOND GORGES. Trades for Boys Urged. Knowledge of Work Declared Deterrent of Crime. To the Editor of The Star: Are not trades unions to blame for the fact that so few boys are taught a trade in this country? Is not this the cause of so much juvenile delin- quency and rascality? In Europe, bovs are expected to learn a trade; and in Germany, no boy Is permitted to grow up without learning a trade; even the princes were taught a trade; ex-Kaiser Wil- liam was tanght shoemaking. What percentage of American youth are taught a trade? The great horde of boys who are kept in school till sixteen years of age, whether they can learn or not (and the Federation of Labor i3 now demanding that it be raised to eighteen) and then turned out on the public to live by their wits, easily drift into dishonesty and finally to robbery and banditry. 1t they had some trade by which they could readily earn something it Would be a great safeguard: for mon- ey they want and need and will have by hook or crook. T would like to see every boy com- pelled to learn some constructive work that would give him self-respect and a compensation in cash. This could begin at fourteen or earlier in cities that have night schools where they could pursue their studies. So much Idle time is the ruination of the young and active in America. How can_ this be brough about; gss or the legislatures? SIEWERS. eled all over the United States. He knew the price he was to pay, but no man could stop him. “If you choose deliberataly between health ‘and sacrifice to duty as you see it—as Woodrow Wilson saw it—I ean not blame you. Perhaps it is a sad choice, but it is a noble choice. But if you choose betwecn health and mera selfish indulgence, or mere carclessnes: I can only call your choice foolish. “I have used the case of Mr. Wilsen as an illustration of the preventive medi cine as appiied to the individual. I have wanted to make the point cancrets, and 80 I have told you a little about & most eminent individual who co-operated with his physician until he felt that he had 2 duty beyond the duty to himself and his own life. “My experience with Mr. Wilson did much to confirm me in my faith that co- operative action between a physician and & patient can achieve great results. System Prolonged Life. “T know that Mr. Wilson could not have lived out his first term as President if he had not systematical- Iy practised the fundamental laws of health as laid down by a phywiclan. 1 am not boasting of myseif I am simply saying that somebody had to do with Mr. Wilson what it was my good fortune to have the oppor- tunity to do in order to maintain his strength for the burden laid upon him. “There are in this country large numbers of men laboring under heavy responsibility and continual strain who must be advised or they will break untimely—railroad presidents, great financiers, merchants, judges on the bench as'well as men 0 high political office—they need instruction as much as children need instruction. They are so absorbed in their pur- suits that even if they knew they would not practice what they know unless they were under the oversight of physicians who study their particu- lar cases and hold them strictly to a health regtme. Here is one field for the -“'m of preventive medicine,” he