Evening Star Newspaper, May 26, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edtion. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY...... May 26, 1924 . «Editor THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. 11th St. and Pennayivania Ave. New York Office: 110 Bast 42nd 8t. | Chicago Office: Tower Bullding European Office: 16 Regent St., London, ‘The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning *di is delivered by carriers within the 60 cents per month: daily only, 43 'ats per month; Sunday only, 20 cents per monath. Orders may be sent by mall or tel phone Main 5000. “Collection iy made by ca . ¥lers at the end of each month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo., Dally only.........1¥r, $6.00 1 mo. Sunday only.. 1yr., $2.40; 1 mo,, 10c s0c 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00 ; 1 mo. Daily oaly . $7.00; 1 mo. Sunday only. $3.00; 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Iress is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all neww dis fatehes credited to it or not atherwise eredited | this 1ished by special dis paper und also the I erein. Al rights of chex heroin are a Disaster-Inviting Compromise. 1t is stated that the purpose of the Senate appropriations committee in substituting for the Cramton amend- ment to the District Rl a provision for the supply from federal funds for District maintenance of *§14,000,000, or in lieu thereof 40 per centum, etc.,” is to have at hand in conference a more adequate lump sum to discuss with the House representatives But why any compromise? Merely to increase the lump sum named in the bill is to abandon the definfte pro- portion principle upon which the Dis- trict-federal fiscal relation is estab- lished. It means to scrap the agree- ment of 1922 whereby for a definite period of years the io was to be maintained, the District meanwhile accumulating a sufficient fund of rev- enues to enable it to meet the drafts for expenses during the first half of the fiscal year The District hoped and confidently expected that the bill would be re stored to its original form as to the definite ratio when it was reported to the Senate. It had reason thus to ex- pect the restoration of the 60-40 prin- ciple when the subcommittee voted to eliminate the Cramton amendment. Now the full committee has, in effect, reversed the subcommittee, and puts the bill in a shape in which, if the Senate concurs, the House conferees are in a position virtually to win for the Cramton plan, whatever may be the lump sum agreed upon for this next fiscal vear. The lump-sum proposai is highly dangerous to the District's welfare. ‘The sum itself may be $14,000,000 this vear, and it may- be $4,000,000 next vear. It may dwindle to nothing. There is no restraint upon Congress in respect to the reduction of the amount of federal funds contributed, 1f the Cramton plan is regarded by the Senate as inimical to the District, if it is considered as unwise and un- fair, and especially as improperly pre- sented and adopted by the House, there is but one way to express that thought. That is to cancel the amend- ment as a whole, restore the bill to the form in which it came from the House committee, and send it to conference with the issue’squarely drawn. Hope remains that this will be done by the Senate when the bill comes up for ac- tion. Heretofore the argument has often been advanced, by aedvocates of the lump-sum plan, that it would actually operate to the District'’s advantage, that Congress would not be limited in its generosity when the ratio was abandoned. There is no conceivable ground for assurance on this score. The fact is that the ratio, for long standing at 50-30, and now changed to 10-40, is the District's surest guaran- tee of an adequate contribution of federal funds to aid the Capital mu- nicipality. That, and that alone, stands between the District and excessive raxation. That, and that alone, is a bar to a heavy. burdensome, disastrous increase in the revenue exaction to support the Federal city, borne solely by the taxpayers of this city, who are already taxed as heavily as the aver- age of other Americans, and who lack the taxable values that other com- munities possess. ———— Martin Wrecked by Mirages. Maj, Martin's tale of mirages in the Arctic wastes, which caused him to divert his plane from his fixed course and thus to run later into the side of & mountain, is by no means fantastic. ‘These visions of refraction occur in the wide spaces where the sunlight is strong. In the Arctic, as well as in the tropics, the rays of the sun are de- flected by the glaring surface and bring up phantoms of far-distant scenes. In the Sahara the sand acts as a vefracting agency. In the Arctic the snow thus serves. Travelers who have viewed these mirages declare that they are com- pletely baffling. They appear to be realities. Only practiced eyes can dis- cern the difference. The round-world fiyers had no experience in Arctic fiight until they went north on this expedition. Maj. Martin, however, ap- pears to have recognized the visions as mirages, eventually. But not until he lost his route and, flying too low for clearance, came suddenly upon a high wall of crags, obscured by fog. His tale of escape from the perilous waste of the Arctic rezlon is thrilling. For ten dayy Le and Sergt. Harvey wandered afoot, sustaining themselves with condensed provisions end with to provide the physical equipment. The big town is preparing to furnish real entertainment to its guests. So & series of fity-four committees has been named, one for each state and territorial delegation attending the convention. Each committee will be assigned to the job of looking after the comfort of the guests. A member of each committee will be on duty at all times at the delegation’s headquar- ters. He will suggest and provide en- tertainment. He will be a bureau of information, a gulde and doubtless an escort. Tentative plans now contem- plated include automobile trips to the seashore, visits to the race track and attendance at the base ball games. One subchairman has been assigned to the' duty of seeking from the golf clubs around New York special visitors' privileges for the delegates and alter- nates. Inasmuch as the convention will probably not be able to name & ticket for several days, there will be plenty for these fifty-four committees to do. With such a lay-out of entertainment in coniemplation probably there will be 3 good deal of alternate voting. Many distractions will occur to draw delegates off to the side lines. Per- haps before the convention adjourns the party managers may have to call a halt on the entertainment. The cost of putting up daily shows for the convention crowd will be con- siderable. There will be 1,098 dele- gates in attendance, and probably as many alternates, or about 2,200 in all. There will also be secretaries and others, probably swelling the number of actual official attendants to 2,500. Then there will be the wives of the married man delegates and alternates, and perhaps the husbands of the mar- ried woman delegates and alternates, and these, of course, cannot be ignered. So it may readily be seen, in view of the ordinary cost of Iving and enjoyment in the big town, which will probably be much increased dur- ing the convention period, that the bill for all this is going to run into large figures. Perhaps when it is ail over New York will be willing to wait an- other fifty-six years before aciing as host to a national conventions et The Olympic Fund. The American eagle is wondering whether the British lion and the French chanticleer will be allowed to celebrate victories after the Olympic games at Paris which rightfully should be celebrated elsewhere. Amer- ican athletes are keyed up for the games, and are ready to sail for the other side in about a month. The Olympic committee announces that this country is $150,000 short of the $350,000 budget needed for expenses. The athletes can win the laurels after they get over there. Money is needed to bridge the Atlantic and give our men their chance. There is something mwore in the Olympics than the mere contesting of athletic events. A national spirit en- ters it. When Paddock runs a race America comes down the homestretch, wearing the red, white and blue shield. The nation races, not the man To the youth of the country, men and women of American colleges which have contributed 80 many sportsmen to the Olympics, has gone forth an appeal for subscriptions. Col. Robert M. Thompsen, president of the American Olympic committee, has asked for undergraduate support in 113 universities throughout the na- tion. It is unquestionable that the response will be generous. But this move of Col. Thompson illustrates the exigencies of the situation. When an appeal is directed to students, who in themselves are not exactly yet in the class of producers, it is @ clear demon- stration of the straits in which the commitiee finds itself. One hundred and fifty thousand dollars must be raised, and the entire burden should not be laid upon the shoulders of stu: dents. They will contribute their share. That is all the committee ex- pects. But there ave others of us who can give something if convinced the need exists, Up.to the last minute it is typically American to “let George donate.”” and then when the crisis comes to push over the project in sur- prisingly thorough fashion. . Today it is up to every American who loves sparts, to every, one who subscribes to the -doctrine that a sound mind needs e sound body: to every one who believes the fighting spirit of America, even in sports, pre- dominates; in fact, it is up to all of us to send our men “over there.” Wil the eagle a month hence be wistfully watching a departing ship steering for Europe with empty cabins which should house the bearers of America's shield on flelds of sport in ‘Paris? It is up to you. EEE————— Young Miss Rockefeller has twice been admonished by magistrates for motor speeding. Even an oil princess cannot do as she likes with her own gasoline. ———— So far as political theories are con- cerned, Mussolini is frankly @ stand- patter. Ttaly, just now, has exactly the kind of government that suits him. ———————————— The average citizen would be glad to see some kind of tax reduction put iMto effect if only as an experiment on which to base future legislative cal- culations. Park Tracts. Items are included in the District appropriation bill, as reported to the Senate, for purchase of the Klingle Valley, Piney Branch Valley and Pat- three wild birds they managed to kill,{ terson tractsfor. additiori to the park Heroic perseverance and pluck, un- checked by the terrible hardships of rough going and bitter cold, with sun- " blindness & constant peril, marked this progress back to civilization. New York and the Convention. Not having had the pleasure of entertaining e national political con- vention for fitt-<ix years, New York is going about the business of taking care of the one that will open four ‘weeks from tomorrow with vigor and enthusiasm. For several months pre- Hminaries have been under way. Ar- rengements have been made to put the city’s biggest assembly hall in ut system of Washington. The particular reasons’fol’ the purchase of the Klingle Valley and Piney Branch lands have been often stated. They are natural park lands and bits of scenery once familiar in the District, most of which has been destroyed except where it is preserved in parks. These small tracts adjoin Rock Creek Park, and Kiingle Valley is a natural entrence to that park. from the west, . while. - Piney Branch Valley is an entrance from the east. Also the purchmse:of :the Piney Branch. tract would fit into the pian for a perkway connecting Rock Creek Park and the-Soldlers' Homé grounds. The Patterson tractisineed- |- ed because it ig & high and wopded hill ‘especially acceptable as a park,’ be- cause the land is not well adapted for the extension of streets and lines of buildings, and because Northeast ‘Washington, which is growing fast, needs & park. The purchase of theése three small tracts of land has been under con- sideration for many years, has been frequently recommended by commit- tees of Congress and has always been indorsed by the District government and Washington's civic bodies. It is possible that Congress at this seasion will authorize the purchase of these lands. There has probably been some stimulation of interest in Congress in the extension of Washington's park system because of action recently by the American Civic Association, Amer- ican Institute of Architects and the Garden Club of America. On the Homestretch. The presidential nominating cam- paign is swinging into the home- stretch. Two weeks from tomorrow the Republicans will meet in national convention, with the nominee now in sight. Their present concern is over the selection of issues on which they will go into the campaign for the elec- tion, and over the choice of a candi- date for Vice President. The platform will be ready for the convention when it meets; that is to say, a tentative draft of one, embodying the views of the administration and the Republican leaders in Congress.. The leaders will also give the convention @& hint of their favorite for Vice President early in the meeting, likely to be accepted by the delegates without serious rivairy. The Democratic convention will meet June 24, The intervening weeks will be devoted to framing the key- note address, which will indicate the tenor of the platform to be adopted. The Democratic campaign will prob- ably be along the line of attacking the Republican party for alleged non- performance and for scandal in admin- istration, with the protective tariff as the leading economic issue. The Demo- crats mo doubt will charge the Re- publican party with respongibility for the farmers’ troubles. The ‘Democrats @re no 1earer a presidential candidate today than they were six months ago. The present prospect is that they will be in no bet- ter case the day they convene. All the candidates, viewing the coveted prize, can sigh and say. ““So near and yet so far.” That fatal two-thirds majority is a hurdle which at this time secems too high for any of them to jump. It will probably take many days of bal- loting, trading and compromising be- fore a selection can be made. SR R If there were a competition to award a championship for human meanness the person who swindled a Salvation Army store out of $10 would have a chance of winning the prize. v The next step will be to find a means of calling the attention of rum smugglers to the treaties fo prevent liquor from touching the shores of this country. o 5 Farmers are still discontented, none of them having found a means of rais- ing money to tmprove the ranch as easily a= Albert Fall did. ———— When soldier bonus legislation final- ly secured the right of way it took the benefit of a clear track and traveled fast. ° —r—ee—a SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Faulty Communication. 1f we could all explain ourselves In just the way we mean, A lot of pigeon holes and shelves ‘Would soon be emptied clean: For dull dissensions often grow From enterprises good. We talk too fast and think i« And get misunderstood. slow 1t &)l intentions that are kind Were speedily made plain, Nor measured as a way to find A path to private gain, This earth would harbor happy elves. Life would be more serene. If we could all explain ourselves In just the way we mean. Taking to the Open. You are strong for outdoor sports.” “'Very,” declared Senator Sorghum. “A man who has been through as many investigations as I have comes to feel that he has about exhaugted the possibilities of indoor contention.” Age Limits. He who would be a candidate With prospects weighty, Must only kiss girls under eight, Or_over eighty. Jud Tunkins says folks that get divorced inside of a year after gettin’ married ought at least to be fair enough to give back the wedding pres- ents. Art and the Medium. “Young ladies used to be taught to paint.” ““We still study painting,” rejoined Miss Cayenne. “The only difference is that many of us now go to the cos- metic shop for our art supplies.” Simplified Statesmanship. The simplified form of convention ap- pears A thing that is joyous to note. It may take an hour to dispose of the cheers, While it won't take ten minutes to vote. Jazzology. That humen nature does not change Has frequently been said. g Men are, no matter where they range, By selfsame motives led. The radio brings a thought profound As through the map we roam. The jazz at Kankakee will sound Just like the jazz at home. Delaying the Damage. “The process of manufacturing wood alcohol is rather elaborate.” “Lucky it is,” commented Uncle Bill Bottletop. “I hate to think: of what 'ud happen to our settlement if all they had to do was to go out an’ tap a tree for it, same as for maple sirup.” “Some party to a mule trade,” said Uncle Eben, “is purty sure to git de worst of it. 'Casionally it's:de mule in_ Answers to Questions BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Is_there a collection of the stuffed birds of North America in any museum In Washington?—D. P. A. The Smithsonian Institution says that it has a very fine collection of stuffed birds of North American va- rieties. It also has a notable collec- tion of birds found in the District of Columbia. Q. Where Is the famous American Flag that inspired The Star Spangled Banner"?—B. D, F. A. The Stars and Stripes which in- spired the writing of “The Star Spangled Banner” {s at present In the old Natlonal Museum. Q. Who was in charge of the all- American base ball team that went to Japan in 18227 Who went and w the trip financially successful?—FP. H. A. Herbert Hunter was In_charge of the base ball team that went to Japan in 1922. Following are the names of the players: New York Na- tlonals, George. Kelly, Arthur Neff, Emll Meusel; New York America Joe Bush, Waite Hoyt, Fred Hoffma Brooklyn ' Nationals, = Tom _ Griffith: Cleveland American, Joe Sewell and Stephenson; Philadelphiz American, Amos Strunk; Chicago American, Bib Folk; St. Louls National, John Lavan. The wives of the players, three or four newspaper men and their wives, were all guests of Mr. Hunter. The party left Chicago, October 15, 1922, and returned early in February of 1923. The venture was a financial success. Q. Why do floods follow the re- moval of many trees?—A, M. A. The Department of Agriculture #ays that removal of forests destroy the ground cover of leaf-mold, which once absorbed rain and snow waters, holding and distributing them to the soll. Cleared of forest and its spongy ground cover, the bared soll absorbs comparatively little water, most of vhich runs oft rapldly, swelling streams and flooding and eroding the lower ground, Q. Is the gnome owl identical with the burrowing owl”—P. A. R. A. The gnome owl is a name ap- plied both to the burrowing owl and to the pygmy owl of the wes United States. Q. What other plants belong to_the same family as potatoes?’—aA. R. S, A. The potato belongs to the fam- ily solankceae, or nightshade family, which also includes tobacco, tomato, eggplant, pepper and belladonna. Q. How long will a railroad spike last?—M. J. B, A. The durability of rallroad spikes depends entirely on the type of track and trafic hauled; however, heavy spikes should last about fiftcen years and light spikes from twenty-two to twenty-five s For general re- pairs approximately thirty-six spikes Dper mile per month may be used Q. What is a tontine agreement?— F.R A A. This is an arran 4 EToup of persons share certain ben- ¢fits or moneys on such terms that, in |the event of the death or default of one or more members, these shares are divided among the remaining members until one person has the whole amount or advantage. In most | modern insurance tontines, the whole £Oes to those remaining in the group on the expiration of the tontine pe- rio Q How does the temuerature of London compare with that of Paris? A. The mean annual temperature of both cities is degrees Fahrenheit. The range of temperature of Paris is a little wider—38 to 65—while in Lon- don the lowest is 39 and the highest 64 degrees ment by which Q. Does the grapefruit belong to the orange or lemon family 7—Cy B A. The Department of Agrlculture says that the grapefruit belongs to the rame family as the lemon and orange. but represents a distinet botanical species. Q. Where were the firet s - maries held?—N. L. A i Biate gt A. The direct primary was first | adopted as legal for all nomi 1902 by Wisconsin HiEEHonsn | ‘@ ‘What will clean the asbestos in a %)B!I heater which has turned black? A. The bureau of standards says that when the asbestos in a gas heat- er becomes black it is generally be- cause of an improperly adjusted burn- er, either the small holes from which the flame issues have become clogged or the air is fmproperly set. If the burner is cleaned and the air shutter adjusted so that the flame burns blue with a distinct, blue inner cone, there should be no deposit of carbon. When the burner is properly adjusted most of the carbon (500t) will probably burn off. When a burner is deposjting soot combustion is incomplete and ‘the burn- er is dangerous on account of the for- mation of the poisoning gas, carbon monoxide, and should never be used under such condition. Q. In the Homestead strike were federal troops called out?—L. W. S, A. In the Homestead strike of 1892 federal troops were not used, but prac- tically the whole National 'Guard of Pennsylvania was called out. Q. Did Robert Ingersoll advocate a league of nations?—A. D. A. Ingersoll was about the first, if not the first, of our mén of prominence to advocate a league or assoclation of nations. In his lecture, “How o Re- form Mankind,” delivered in Chicago in 1892, he advocated at length an in- ternational court of arbitration and an army and a navy to be placed at the disposition of this court to carry its decisions Into effect when necessary— the rest of Christendom to be disarm- ed. “This should be the only excuse for an army or navy in the civilized world.” Q. What became of the assignats, the French paper money issued by the revolutionary government between 1790 and 18007—A, L. M. A.- The assignats were redeemed at the rate of 30 to 1 in the new form of paper money known as territorial man- date. As much as 1,400,000,000 of this money was issued, but it soon lost value and was repudiated by the re- fusal of ‘the French government to re- ceive it at its treasuries. On May 21, 1797, all the outstanding assignats were declared vold. Q. Which is the oldest royal resi- dence.in the world?—T. M. A. Probably Windsor Castle Is the oldest royal residence. Windsor was a residence of the Saxon kings before the conquest, their palace being at old Windsor. Willlam the Conqueror chose the present site, and built a castle there, which was taken down and_the present one built in the time of Edward IL This has since been extended and completely renovated. Q. How long are airplanes used before they are worn out and dis- carded?—E. C. D. A. The Air Service says that the planes used by them are inspected frequently, and worn parts constantly replaced. 'For this reason it is not possible to say how long a plane would last. Q. How deep do sea’ waves get?— F.C. ¥ ¢ A. In the open sea, itorm waves often have a height of from 20 to 30 feet. In rare cases a height of 50 feet bas been observed. Q. What is W.0.T. .. A. 1t is a topographical survey in which the various artificlal and natural objects are drawn to exact scale instead of being exaggerated for the sake of clearness, as is often done in ordinary topographic mapping. (Have you asked Haskin? He does not know il the things that people ask him but he knows people who do know. Try Mm. BState your question briefly, write plainly, and inclose & conts in atamps for return 3 ddress Frederio' J. Haskin, m. The Star luor-;auq Bureow, 1220 North Capitol cadestral survey?— IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY 'PAUL V. COLLINS. The world Is weary of war. It first showed evidences of that -weariness some 600 years B. C., when the Greek tribes organized the Amphictyonic council to regulate and suppress in- tertribal wars; the last expression of the longing of clvilization to abolish war came last Saturday when the United States Senate committee on forelgn affairs agreed to support a plan offered by Senator Pepper (Re- publican) of Pennsylvania, whereby the Permanent Court of Interna- tional Justice, established and now supported by the league of nations, might be 80 separated from that sup- port that the whole world could rec- ognize and adhere to the court with- out, in the remotest degree, adhering to the league of nations. * ok ok K There has been & popular miscon- ception as to the division of opinion concerning the desirability of a Permanent Court of International Justice. Nearly all parties, of what- ever shades of opinfon, have desired such a court, where impartfal justice could be rendered between nations based upon a developed code of in- ternational law. In much the same way, prior to our entry into the world war, there were self-styled “pacifists” who took the position that all who were not paoi- fists desired war, whereas the pa- triots whose “voice was for war’ were no less desirous of peace, with justice and honor and permanent world-wide security, than were the supine and timid. So, in recent years, there have been church und lay support urging an international court of just , and assuming that unless the league of nations’ court or some other particu- lar form of organization were accept- ed the objectors were “isolationists” or “militarists,” opposed to settle- ment of international differences ex- cept by the arbitrament of war. * ok ok ok The obstacles to acceptance of the league of nations’ Permanent Court of International Justice, so concerned the United State been partly in our refusal to indorse what has appeared to the majority of Americans the “super-government” of the league of natlons, with its undue equality of petty nations and semi- civilized peoples .in the league as- sembly alongside of and with equal voting in the assembly as the rep- resentatives of the United States and other great powers maintaining higher standards of civilization, cul- ture and justice and having greater Interests at stake. Pro league adherents may not ad- mit the fairness of this attitude of America, but a majority of 7.000,000 0 registered American judgment. + By the treaty of Versailles the league of nations was authorized and directed to organize an International Court of Justice, which it proceeded to do. This new institutlon does not supersede the Hague International Court of Arbitration, organized in 1907, which never was = court, in }fact, but merely a panel from which states in dispute could select arbi- ters to arrange compromises, (pro- vided both parties agreed to do so). This new court of justice has been selected and appointed by the league (of which the United States is not a party), it is paid by the league and is obligated to act as the legal ad- viser of the league whenever s0 re- quested; it is indisputably a creature of the league and. a part of the league today, as it always has been Nevertheless, ~ President Harding, President Coolidge and Secretary of State Hughes have urged the ac- ceptance of this court, with the verbal reservation that by doing so. we were not accepting the league of nations. Opponents of the presidential pro- gram urge that such mere verbal reservations would not change the fact that by accepting the league's cgurl—chosen. supported and paid by the league—we would be “entering the league by the back door after de- clining to enter by-the front door.” * %ok % There have been three resolutions offered for consideration of the Sen- ate committee on forelgn affairs con- cerning the world court prior to the one of Senator Pepper. Last December Senator Lgnroot, Republican, of Wisconsin offered a resolution to accept the statute of the Permanent Court of International Jus- tice, with the reservation that that acceptance should. not involve any |international arbiter. legal relationship to the league of nations, and that there should be certain’ changes in the organization and election of the justices of the court. The diplomatic representa- tives of the states adhering to the protocol shall serve, according to the Lenroot plan, as electors of the jus- tices hereafter, in place of election by the council and assembly of the league. May 5. Senator Swanson, Demo- crat, of Virginia offered a resolution adhéring o the court on “an equal- ity of other states, members respec- tively of the league of nations”— recognizing and acting with the league, yet stipulating that “such ad- hesion shall not be taken to involve any legal relation to the league.” On the same date Senator Lodge, Republican, of Massachusetts pro- posed a plan_wholly separate from the leaguc of nations. This court would be chosen by an electoral com- mission, composed of representatives designated by the signatory powers, together with a speclal committee representing the five great powers. The court would consist of twelve permanent judges and four deputy judges, the deputies to sit in place of any absent judge. The United States would reserve freedom of control of jmmigration laws and of the Monroe doctrine, and all ‘“domestic ques- tions." * k ¥ ¥ Senator Pepper's resolutisn adopted by the foreign relations com- mittee with the supporting votes of Senators Lodge and Lenroot, but the opposition of Senator Hiram Johnson, Republican, and the Democratic Sen- tors Swanson, Pittman, Robinson, Un- derwood and Walsh of Montana. Tn substance, it is as follows: It accepts the present league Court of International Justice the start, but opening the protocol to all na- tlons for acceptance. This opening to all nations includes all which are now members of the league of na- tions, as well as those outsids the leagne—all to join as individual na- tlon, regardless of their league affil- lations. Whenever vacancles vHn— rsonnel of the court VI Representatives of all signatories to this protocol * ¢ * shall ballot as an electoral assembl The states named in the Versailles treaty as the prineipal allled and associated pow- ers, togethegr ith such five of the other signatory as shall be se- . shall ballot couneil” in »t more than on was as in 8 a separat electing jude vote shall be in either the sembly or council the British e pire and the states included therel The judge elected must receive a m of votes casi in each body embly and the council voting el setvatlon of our Monroe doc- is expressed, and a third inter- national conference, similar to The Hague conferences of 1899 and 1907, Is recommended, not lafer than 1926, for purposes which shall include the giv- ing effect_to the recommendations of the comm@tee of jurists * * * re- garding the clarification and further development of international law and the codification thercof.” * ok ok x While the United States has been deliberate in accepting any plan pro- posed for a world court of interna- tional justice, history proves that the idea is truly American in principle It had first been tried in ancient ireece between her tribes. The Rom- an empire enforced peace amongst its conquered states, spreading the “pax Romana” by both Roman arms and laws. In the time of Charle- magne there was the Holy Roman empire, dividing the known world into parts and enforcing peace—by power. Then came the papal procla- mation of the “Truce of God"—special periods when there were to be no state or “private” wars between feu- a ven duels were pe- xcommunication, if special periods. The sign” of Henry IV and his Minister Sully formed a federation of Europe to maintain peace. Ail these proke down in time. Next came the ‘Balance of Power” and the “Con- rt of urope”—broken by the world war. Upon this continent, the Articles of Confederation, between the thirtcen colonfes were truly an international agreement (for the states were inde- pendent units), with the United upreme’ Court (not the pre- nt court of the Constitution) as the The greatest uccess in modern times is the Pan- American Union, Monfoe doctrine. “Let us have peace!” together with the sald the great- est militarist of the present age, Gen. Grant, as he handed back the sword which had fought for the Confeder- acy, and bade the defcated veterans take their army horses back to their fields. (Copyright, 1924, by Paul V. Coll Opinion of Editors Divided On Senate’s Wheeler Decision ‘The American press is by no means of one accord in its comments on the action of a majority of the Borah committee in its exoneration of Senator Wheeler of Montana, follow- ing the investigation of the western grand jury's indictment on charges of practicing before the departments. Says the Anaconda Standard (Democratic), published in Scnator Wheeler's home state near the scene of the indictment: “The Sepate has attempted to take the case of Senator Wheeler out of the courts, and with its committee as trial judge, prosecutor and jury has acquitted 'the defendant "of the charge * * ¢ The committee in its report pretends not to vindicate Senator Wheeler of the charge re- turnéd against him at Great Falls, but it does hold that he is not guilty of the very charges made againat him in that ‘indictment. That is but a shallow and pettifogging distinction, and will not confuse the people in their judgment that the United States Senate has invaded the jurisdiction of the courts and is undermining the very foundations of the government. ® ¢ * Regardless of the merits of the charges against Senator Wheeler or of his defense, there is a con- viction in Montana that the United States Senate has made a mockery of the courts, and has cast a shadow upon the whole machinery of justice.” S “It is‘'not easy to see” says the Springfield Union (Republican), “that the senatorial report has any more relation to the case before the federal courts than would a similar report submitted, say, by the Rotary Club of Oskaloosa, Iowa.” While the New York Times {independent Democratic) observes, “the Senate seems to have imagined that it is a kind of criminal court of review, gifted with the power to examine cases before they are tried,” and concludes, “the Senate meddled with what Is none of its business.” Furthermore, the St. Paul Dispatch (independent) ' declares the Senate “substitutes for its own mem- bers trial by Senate for the time. honored institution, trial by jury, which is still good enough for ail other American citizens,” and believes “the Senate has gone as far as it could go toward ditecting a& verdict in the trial court and has done every- thing ft could do to place Senator Wheeler above the law.” According to the Philadelphia Bulletin (inde- pendent Republicah), “there- Has Been something heard in the past of the recall of judicial decisions, a notfon that did not go well with the country. The Senate committee has evolved even more-remarkable, the indictments and of grand jury decisions and the supersession of ‘petit jury verdicts. It is an interesting novelty, although con- stitutional purists may view it some- what askance.” On _the other hand, such a report as the Senate committee made, accord- ing to the Oklahoma City Daily Okla- homan (Democratic) “is tantamount to declaring that the indictment of Wheeler was framed, that perjury appeared in the proceeding against him and that the ermine of the ju- diciary has been stained by an in- famous transaction.” °And, continues the Oklahoman, “we have the serious fact that a bi-partisan committee has decided by & vote almost unanimous that a senator was indicted in federal court only because he was fighting to cleanse a corrupt department of the government.” To which the Colum- bus Dispatch (independent) adds: “It will be a very sorry day for the coun- try when the machinery of the law can be invoked to discredit men in public office for retaliatory purposes.” “Russia, in the days of the czar and Siberia,” in the opinion of the Akron Times (independent Demo- cratic) “never offered anything more flagrant than this bald conspiracy to ‘unload’ and forever blacken a man who stood in the way of graft and who led the fight in its exposure. The Des Moines Tribune (independent Re- publican) believes “Senator Wheeler performed a_ real service when he went after Daugherty and got him. The attempt had been made before, but it had failed. Now the blow aimed at the senator has been turned back and he stands better than ever before the country. To which the Reading Tribune (fdependent) adds: “The Borah committee, fortunately, was not a part of the machine and it therefore ‘unframed’ the ‘frame’ and exonerated Senator Wheeler." * k% ok “Whatever public relief may be felt,” declares the St. Louis Post-Dis- patch (Independent) “at the exonera- tion of Senator Wheeler is submerged in_the shocking revelation that the government's Department of Justice could be so basely and maliciously prostituted as to engage In the de- struction of a senator and that heads of the Republican party’s organiza- tion could join in such a blackguardly enterprise.” While the Huntington Advertiser (Democratic) feels “it is now up.to President Coolidge, as the actual and titular head of the Re- publican party and the chiet adminis- trator of the fedéral government, to ive some sort of,public. demonstra- on of his_contempt for the assault on Senator Wheeler.” The Lynchburg Advance (Democratic) considers the committee's report as the ending “of one of the most conspicuous political blackmails that this country has ever ‘witnessed.” History of Hessians Many Became Good Americans, ‘Writer Says. To the Editor of The St The writer has no desire to enter into a controversy wita persons whose chisf purpose appears to be to minimize the suffering (n Germany and deter humanitarian persons from affording succor to a starving people. He does not expect to convert bitter ecritics by a statement of facts, even though presented by such unimpeach- able American patriots llke Gens, Allen and Miles. He feels, however, deeply grateful to the countless num- ber of American men, women and children who belleve with Gens. Allen and Miles that the needs are urgent and who live up to the tra- dition of American benevolence to a stricken people, forgetting political and national controversfes. As to the part taken by the Hes- sians during the war of the revolu- tion, the lover of his country should understand before casting judgment. I Mr. Blair bas studied the history of the despised Hesslans in the revo- lutionary war, he will know that they were brought here by England, vic- tims of the tyranny of their absolute monarchs, who sold the lives and services of thelr subjects to the high- est bldder. If the parents of the kid- naped sons complained, the father was sent to the Iron mines, and the mother to jall. Under such circum- stances it can readily be understood that even these Hesslans rendered valuable services to the cause of the revolution by desertions very early in the war. These desertions were en- couraged. The chief baker of the army, Christopher Ludwig, declared his ‘policy in the following words: “Bring the captives to Philadelphia, show “them our beautiful German churches, let them taste our roast beef and homes, then send them away again to their people, and you will see how many will come over to us.” »ngress was not averse to the idea, and their committee wrote to Wash- ington advising not to exchange the Hessians captured at Trenton. Wash- ington agreed, and the provision and transportation of the German pris- oners was put Into Ludwig's hands, who brought them first to Berks, Lancaster and Lebanon counties, The Germans who were made pris- oners at Yorktown were taken by Gen. Muhlenberg to Winchester, Va. Later they were sent to Frederick, Lancaster and other points. It is es- timated that 12,000 Hessian soldfers remained in this country. They commonly located in the Ger- man settlement, being disliked, as a rule, by the English settlers, who harbored resentful feelings against them. Some of the sons and grand- sons of these Hessian soldiers, like Maj. Julius Heilman, a graduate of West Point, fell in the Florida war in 1836, and Gen. George A, Custer, a valry general and hero of the civil war, was massacred with his brave troops by Sioux Indians in June, 1576, 1 quite agree with Mr. Blair that charity begins at home, and 1 hope that he practices what he preache: I have been connected with the Assc clated Charities for many vears, but there appears to be no record of his charitable contributions: « GEORGE M. KOBER. Lauds Outdoor Campaign Trapper Finds Inspiration in Rec- reation Conference. To the Editor of The Star A lone trapper from the foothills of the Bitter Roots, where coyotes and cougars and lumberjacks are loyal lovers of their country, found delightful and stimulating atmos- phere when the National Conference on Outdoor Recreation opened its ses- sions at the National Museum. The President sounded the keynote—more our-of-doors, better citizenship. Col. Theodore Roosevelt gave a bugle call back to the spirit which moved our ancestors, the wilderness-tamers of America. They followed trails diffi- cult and dangerous, across mountains and through virgin forests, building as they went & country and a char- acter of which we are so proud. Col. Roosevelt assured the audience he spoke with deep feeling, having been brought up on an open-air diet and ‘at present helping to bring up four yourg Americans in the same way. He warned that too many phys- ical creature comforts make for soft bodles which predicate too often soft souls; pleaded for preservation and development of our great out-of- doors—always remembering that our national resources must be saved for future generations. It was fine! The duck hunters and fur trappers and fishermen were cas- ily picked out in the jam and respond. ed heartily to his appeal. Waves of approval ran over the audience like the whisper of pines or the murmur- ing of tall hemlocks. Everybody was in a hurry fo say the first and last word for the great god—Pan—iwho was to be exhibited and exploited and honored and adored. at this first ses- sion of the Natlonal Conference on Recreation which Presldent Coolidge with rare foresight had called. The ¥ip of the coyote was imminent every precious minute. The panther was ready to leap if a delegate found there was not enough seating capac- ity. The cry of the cougar had to be broadcast at a later date. Yes, they were all .there—wild men from the woods, gypsies from the camps, fish- ermen’ with bait squirming in’ their pockets—come to discuss game laws, summer camps and preservation of wild life. Bald heads, unshorn locks, eyebrows of no stunted growth, were scenic features in the convention hall. A big _crowd, answering the call of ‘the wild to let it stay wild. To conserve nature and stop breaking branches— to let the dogwood alone that it may revel in the company of its little sweetheart,” the mountain laurel, and to keep all rock creek parks as beau- ftitul as the one of which Washing- ton, the Capital City, is 50 proud. J. P. NYE, H;lgnd Repairing. Writer Says “More Brains, Less Granite” Needed. To the Editor of The Star Washington motorists are every- where greeted with posters to the ef- fect that “Any fool can get into an aceident—think."” This suggests that there is no sub- stitute for brains in repairing a road. The Conduit road is closed the greater part of the day while work is pro- gressing on the new aqueduct, so those of us who went out to live for the summer in the neighborhood of Glen FEcho and Cabin John are obliged to make a detour up the road alongside the Bannockburn Golf Club and through English Village. This road is supposed to be under repair. This seems to be the procedure: About 15 or 20 feet are fixed up weekly (very much “up,” for the holes are transformed into hillocks), and in order to accomplish this truly re- markable feat, ten-ton trucks laden with road material race up and down the remainder of the road excavating about three new ruts an hour—can- yons that are dangerous to negotlate in_an ordinary passenger car. In other words, in order to “repair” a quarter of a mile of highway, three miles of what two months ago was a perfectly good road must -be cut to pleces until it is put into as disgrace- ful & condition as the now notorious River road. What these roads need is more brains and less granite. J. HERBERT DUCKWORTH. GREECE IS CALLED EUROPE'S SENTINEL Morgenthau Sees Hellenic Nation as “Belgium of Near East.” Lauds Its Spirit. RAIDS BY TURKS FORESEEN Strong Bulwark Needed to Discour- age Mohammedan Aggression. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. That republican Greece “the sentinel of eivilization” in casterd Europe and designed to play the rolé which Belglum enacted in the west In 1914, s the opinion of Henry Morgenthau, the league of nations’ commissioner for Greek refugee set- tlement. The former American am- bassador to Turkey has just left, Washington, after discussing at the State Department with Undersecres tary Grew and Allen W, Dulles, chief of the near eastern division, current events in Greece. Mr. Morgenthau advocates the closest possible political and economic understanding between the United States and Greece, ’ Some day. he says, “perhaps nat very far off, Turkey's money will give out. It Is almost given out now. Then she will start on the raupage again. She will resume the role of a marauder. It is important for western civilization that Greece re- main a strong bulwark against that new tide of Mohamedan aggression, Nothing will sustain her more se- curely than the friendship of Amer- ica. and everything that would en- , tail” j is Returned From Greeee. Mr. Morgenthau has returned from Greece laurel-crowned after his work in repatriating the 1,250,000 Greeks driven from Turkey after their dev- astating defeat by Turkey a year and a half ago. His friends say Mor- genthau “has done a bigger job than Moses.” He functioned as the special commissioner of the Greek refugees settlement commission of the league of nations, and put in five months at Athens organizing a vast philan- thropic scheme. With the aid of loan of a million pounds by the Bank of England, arranged through the league and guaranteed by the Greek government, the preliminaries of re- patriation have been well inaugu- rated. Much larger sums will b necessary. Mr. Morgenthau estimates an ave age cost of $250 a family of five per- sons, and thinks eventually $30,000,000 , or $40,000,000 may be necessary. He has promised to confer with the league authorities at Geneva ou September 1 und work out the terms of an international repatriation loan Much of it will be placed privately in the United States. There are enough wealthy Greeks here, Mr. Morgenthau ' | thinks, to take up $5,000,000 at least On this question he will discourse in New York this week before a meeting of the American Greek committec which is giving a testimonial dinner in his honor. “American Punch” Tried. “We tried to put ‘American punch into the repatriation scheme sald Mr. Morgenthau to this writer, “al- though, barring one volunteer Amer- fcan assistant and three Britishers familiar with the local situation, all the work was done by Greeks, and, moreover, by Greek refugees. It made a great hit with the Greek peo- ple to announce that no foreigners. and particularly no American, would be on the repatriation pay roll l' renounced a league salary of $12,500 a year for my services. We haven't by any means ameliorated the lot of eeks summarily driven from Probably 130,000 of them are utterly destitute and existing on one meal a day furnished by charity “As far as possible, the refugeess have been located on land, and occupations for which they are fitted We have established rug-weaving in- dustries, vineyards and fruit-ra colonles in strategic neighborho in the country regions where - ble and near the towns, like Saloniki. where that is the most feasible thing Seif-help was the rule I enforced from the start, whercver possible But 2 mution people found themselves povert, stricken the full sense of the term, obviously philanthropy had to step in he work is not done by any means. It has just begun. But it {x promising- 1y begun. It the other outside agency equally as po-f tent had not stepped in the world would have been staggered by one of the most terrible human calamities of modern times.” ‘ Enthusiastic About League. Mr, Morgenthau, who was one of Woodrow Wilson's most devoted sup- porters, Teturns to America, of course, more enthusiastlc than ever about the league of nations and about the ef- ficacy of American co-operation with the world. *Within a few months, he explains, “the United States has participated—unofficially, but «fec- tively—in four great major Eurcpean operations. Norman H. Davis, acting for the league, settied the Pollsh Lithuanian crisis over Memel. Charled G. Dawes and his assoclates have worked out the long-sought solution of the reparations problem. A Boston man {8 now at the head of the finances and economic system of Hun- gary. It was vouchsafed me to play a huble role in the Greek refugea problem. All this was done withouty guns and without soldiers. None of ‘our boys' had to be sent ‘overseas to ‘earry out league mandates. No American blood was spilled. Nothing was done but to supply the American idea and American disinterestednes It is that for which war-shattered Furope longs, and it is that, it seems to me, which we are destined to con- tinue to supply.” " where in league or some Star Contest Praised. Sons of Revolution Commend Orations on Constitution. To the Editor of The Star: The attention of the board of man* agers of this society was called, at their meeting today at the Army and Navy Club, to the very Important work you are now performing with other news- papers, under the direction of Mr. Grant Allen, in the natlon-wide oratorical contest amongst the puplls of public gnd private echools of the United States. In so indoctrinating the youth of our nation at thelr most impressionable gge with the thought, ‘theory, faith and @e- votion (hat gave birth io the Amerieay system of representative government fin der the Constitution of the Unifed States, you are laying safe and stire foundations for our country’s future. This very important work of vours cannot fail to awaken the admiration of all such patriotic societies as_owrs You are certainly deserving of i warmest commendation of the, Soris B the Revolution in the District of Colume- bia, and our board of managers has g rected mé on its behalf 50 to express myself. LES P. LIGHT, the Sons of the Revol S e Biatrior of Cotumpia -0 utior. in