Evening Star Newspaper, May 12, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sanday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.........May 13, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspsper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Penpaylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Bullding. Eyropean Office: 18 Regent St., Londen, England. The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by carriers within the eity at 60 cents r month: daily only, 45 Cents per month: Nunday ouly, 20 cents’ per mouth " Orders mas be sent by or tele. Thony Maln 5000, Callection i made by car- riers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payablo in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40;1mo., 70c Daily only. .17yr., $6.00; 1 mo, 50c Sunday only......1yr,$2.40;1mo, 30c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only . 1yr., $7.00:1mo., 60c ©unday only......1yr, $3.00;1mo, 25¢c Member of the Associated Press. The Aswclited Prees is exclusively entitled fo the use for republication of all pews dis- ratches credited 1o it or not otherwise credited n this paper and slso the local news pub- Tished herein. Al rights of publication of dispatches berein 50 reservea. —_— e Proper Provision for the Capital. Tomorrow the Commissioners will appear before the Senate subcommit- tee on District appropriations on their annual errand of explaining the esti- mates and askiAg for the restoration of thelr original figures as approved by the bureau of the budget, but re- duced in the House of Representa- tives. They will at the same time pro- test the Cramton lump-payment rider, 50 unjustly added to the bill in the House and so completely changing the fiscal relations between the District and the federal government. Apart from the question of the Cramton amendment there is abun- dant ground for protest and appeal by the Commissioners in respect to the dollars and cents provisions of the bill as it now stands. The Commissioners’ original estimates, amounting to $32,- ©00,000, went to the budget bureau, and after a thorough investigation there they were reduced to what was regarded as & minimum. The District eame out fairly well from that inquiry into its needs and the possibility of appropriation at this present session. The House committee on appropria- tions adopted as a matter of policy the findings of the personnel classification board with respect to salaries, but cut the bureau figures considerably in sSome respects. But even the House committee's re- port was subjected to further curtail- ment in the House when numerous items which had been passed by the budget bureau, and after somg cur- tailment passed by the committee, were thrown out of the bill on points of order. All of these items, even with the cutting down which now repre- sents the work of the appropriations committee, should be restored auto- matically to the bill. The Commis- siorers will try to get the Senate and the conference committee not . only, however, to restore those items, but to restore all items to the budget bureau figures, to bring the bill back a8 closely as possible to the estimates as they were presented to Congress. Even the budget bureau did not esti- mete the amounts that are necessary to make up the deficlencies of the ast, due in large measure to the war- time need of retrenchment, but en- deavored to provide for the necessitics of the present and to create the sur- plus which under the law of 1922 is to be created by July 1, 1927. So that in asking the restoration of the budget bureau's figures the Com- missioners are not, in fact, seeking all that the District needs, but what may be viewed @s a minimum, below which it is impossible to go without greatly crippling the Capital munici- pality and retarding its growth. If the Senate should restore the bill 10 its proper proportions, and the con- ference should sustain it, the result will be appropriations which will ap- proximate adequate provision for the essentials of commumity life. As 1he bill now stands, it is not assured of adequate maintenance. et Bright Days Coming. This morning the weather forecaster predicted clearing skies for Washing- ton. The weather forecaster has more weather facts at hand than any man who is not a scientific forecaster, and it is reasonable to believe that the sun will shine again and Washington dry out. To most persons it seems that it has been a week without sunshine. It has been a very unusual “spell's of weather for Washington in May. Raincoats and umbrellas have done their ‘best, and overcoats that had wen laid away till fall have been re- called from dark closets. The furnace in many a home has been started up again, and thousands of picnics and picnic ‘promises have been biighted. Fifty or a hundred thousand autos that yesterdsy would have rolled to Frederick, Harpers Ferry, Fredericks- burg, Leonardtown and elsewhere stood in their stalls, and Mother’s day, | instead of being bright, was dreary. The upper Potomac end its creeks went wild in places, but indications are that danger of a flood has passed. Spring planting has been delayed on farms and market gardens, but the sun will make atonement, and per- heps home-grown berries, peas and cherries will come to us on time. ———————————— ‘On the day that the French Social- ists were registering a victory at the polls the German Soclalists were being soundly beaten in a series of street fights. There is no “internationalism™ in that situation. ——————————— The Lott Flyers Found. . Just as hope was abandoned for the lost Army fiyers, word comes that * they are safo. ‘Maj. Martin and Sergt. rvey, whose world-flight plane dis- appesired on $he 30th of April when they left Chignik, are safe at Port Moller, 199 miles west of that point. Their machine crashed into a moun- tain peak’in the fog and was totally wrecked. They were unhurt, and made their way on fogt, first to a trapper's cabin, where they regsined their strength, and then to Port Mol- Jer., ‘This'is the second time that Mar- tn has tarned up safe and sound after a misadventure.-On the first oceasion he became Jefached from the -squad- - R ron and was discovered after a pro- tracted - search. This time he was “lost” so long that his companions of the globe-encircling flight proceeded without him. When word came that Martin and Harvey had disappeared little hope was felt for them, For the region over which they were flying is rough, un- inhabited ard forbidding. Planes were sent in search of them, but no sign appeared. The desolate land was sur- veyed for a wide range without result. It is a barren land, almost a desert. Yet here they are, these two plucky men, unharmed after an accident that might easily have been fatal in itself, and exposure that might have caused their collapse beyond the reach of rescue. Meanwhile, the other planes have proceeded, and are now far to the west on the round-world course. Yet Martin is likely to seek to join them. He was the squadron commander. If another plane were available he would probably hop off at once. But planes are not quickly to be provided for such emergencies, and there would seem to be but little chance that this doughty flyer will have an opportunity to go on with his comrades in the globe-encircling flight that has already been marked by such narrow escapes for him. ————— France in Reaction. A positive reaction has taken place in France, as shown by the elections held yesterday, the result of which is the disappearance of Poincare's ma- jority in suppert of what has been known as the national “bloc.” Official reports indicate that the premier, in- stead of holding a majority, is in & minority of fifty votes in the Chamber of Deputies. In these circumstances a change of ministry is inevitable, and possibly even a change in the presi- dency, for it is already intimated that President Millerand will resign rather than remain in office to be @ “rubber stamp” for a government in which he is not in sympathy. Fuller particulars dre required than those now available to indicate the extent of this revolution at the polls. It would seem, however, to have been a victory of the socialists. Full figures are not at hand. Some notable changes have occurred. Some of the war heroes have been defeated, and some men who during the war wero under fire for alleged disloyalty have been re- turned. It is too early to reckon upon the effect of this overturn upon the repa- rations question. Poincare has been pre-eminently the proponent of an im- placable settlement with Germany. His successor may be less intransi- gent. He may be less dominant in the entente equation. Without doubt Poincare’s defeat will be hailed with rejoicing in Ger- many, where he is regarded as the ir- reconcilable foe to German rehabilita- tion. . Of first importance is the effect of this election upon the fate of the reparations plan recently adopted b; the commission, and already approved in principle by the French govern- ment. Will there be a reconsideration? It would seem hardly likely. Yet with a new ministry which must create its supporting bloc with reference to a materially increased soclalist member- ship in the Chamber of Deputies such a course is not impossible. Only five years and & balf have passed since the armistice, and now France is in reaction, ‘Who Will Be the Legatee? Willlam G. McAdoo is aedmittedly accumulating & formidable strength in the Democratic national conven- tion. He has gathered in more dele- gates, instructed for or known to be favorable to his nomination, than any other candidate. He may have well nigh @ majority on the first or suc- ceeding ballots, yet the men classed as most influential in the leadership of the party do not think he can make the grade to a two-thirds vote. So the question is presented, to whom will go the bulk of the delegates rallied under his flag When the point of disintegration of the McAdoo forces is reached? Furthermore, will he be able to swing them in a block? Re- ports are that Mr. McAdoo's purpose is to be in New York in person and endeavor to influence the disposition of his following in case he cannot be nominated. A special dispatoh from Los Angeles in yesterday's Star related that Mr. McAdoo's national managers had counted noses in the national conven- tion, and, falling to find hope of a two-thirds vote for him, might throw the vote to John W. Davis of West Virginia. Should he be willing, and able, to do 8o, it would assuredly ralse Mr. Davis to a position of great strength and make him a figure to be reckoned with by the other candi- dates. . One obstacle in the way of Mr. Mc- Adoo's ability to “swing” his follow- ers is the fact that many of the dele- gations in whose membership he has friends are uninstructed, and there- fore free to dispose of their own votes. But, with all that, Mr. McAdoo un- questionably can leave to some one a valuable legacy when his expected political demise occurs. Who will it be? ——————r——— The didn't-know-jt-was-loaded pistal continues to figsure tragically in the news. Its victims mount to a total that rivals the mortalities of some wars. Maj, Martin's round-world flight ended in a long walk. Mother’s Day.. ‘. In churches and Sunday schools yesterday there were sermons and ad- dresses pertinent to Mother’s day, and generally in public gatherings there were sSongs, poems or - other tender references 40 mother and father. Mothers living were given some spe- cial recognition -and attention, and mothers whose spirits dwell in sky or float about the old home were given the tribute of fond thoughts. There is 'a practical side to Mother's day. Its objéct as officially set down 1a “an all- nations’ and stmultaneous obsérvance should be obéerved “through some act of kindness, visit, letter, gift or trib- ute” to the “mother or father to whom gratetul affection is due. The designation of a special day in remembrance of mothers living and dead has operated well. Perhaps to many persons it seemed needless that such a day should be ret apart, be- cause normally good men and women do not neglect nor forget their par- ents. With children the thought of mother and father is nearly always present. There comes a time in youth when a few of us consciously, and many of us unconsclously, neglect the living mother and father, and we sometimes become so engrossed with pleasures of the world that we do not think often of them that have entered the mystery of death. But when age comes on, and what we called the pleasures of the world seem a little flat and unprofitable, our thoughts turn oftener and oftener to mother, father and the friends of other days. It is most likely that with the normal man end woman no day passes that mother and father are not tenderly thought of. But it is @ happy thing to consecrate one day for memory to dwell on parents and & day when we shall do good deeds in their name. —————————— In one year a Montana cow gave over 32,000 pounds of milk. It is a heroic record worthy of a monument, even though one cow cannot, unas- sisted, produce enough milk to meke a dent in the price per quart. ————————— Judging from the length of the committees of Smith boomers now being named in New York to work for his nomination, it ought to be very nearly unanimous for the gov- ernor. —————————————— It has been discovered that radio waves move more slowly than those of light. This, however, will not dis- courage thase who are seeking mearts of sending pictures by wire- less. e Secretary Hoover's advice to coal consumers to buy their next winter's supply at once is strengthened by the lingering chills of middle May, from which Washington is now suffering. e Announcement that the Democratic leaders are about to consider and de- cide upon a keynoter for the New York meeting is not as thrilling as would be some clue to the nominee. ——————————— Regular bandits are operating in | New York, with the result of big hauls which make the performances of Mrs. Cooney and her hushand seem rather tame by comparison. ————— Nevada Republicans come along with announcement of a Coolidge dele- gation with as much impressiveness as if the resuit of the Cleveland con- vention were still in doubt. ——————— It may be well to stress the fact that “Heli-Bent for Heayen,” the play that wins the Pulitzer prize as the best American drama, is not the work of Gen. Dawes. ——————————— Poincare appears headed for the “opposition” ranks in France, and Jjudging from his activities as premier he will prove to be a very lively ob- structionist. ———————— There are evidences of opinion that while the League of Nations idea has elements of merit, its title has de- veloped into something like & political hoodoo. —————————— France will take enough interest in the economic affairs of Germany to show her what to do with any money she may be able to borrow. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Gumshoe Days. These are the gentle gumshoe days In city streets and rural ways— Some lock for evidence of guile And some to see the blossoms smile. But each who sallies forth must try To watch his pace while stepping high. For where the dust was thickly spread There is a muddy path instead. And yet the world is quite serene The skies are blue, the trees su- preme— ‘The world pursues ways— Ana has its share of gumshoe days. its wondrous Fortune’s Favors. “"The last time I went fishing.,” re- marked the meditative visitor, “I had the finest outfit money could buy and never caught @& thing; while & amall boy with & hickory switch and a piece of twine was pulling 'em in as fast as he could bait his hook.” | “That's getting to be an old story,” commented Senator Sorghum. “And there isn’t any way to explain it. You don’t seem able to do anything these days without running into some kind of & monopoly.” —— Jud Tunkins says he wouldn’t think the high price of milk was so unjust if the feller that had to risk bein’ kicked by the cow got most of the money. The Beginners. ‘When Eve and Adam gquit the piace ‘Where once they dwelt light- hearted— That puzzle for the human racs, ‘The housing problem, started. Stumber Dodging. “Does your small brother enjoy the little bedtime story?” “Very much,” answered Miss Cay- enne. “Like most children and grown people, too, he welcomes any excuse for staying awpke awhils longer.” A New Buccaneer. “When you were a boy &id you yearn to go to sea and be & pirate?” “No,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- top. “I have felt more of that kind of temptation since I have grown up and heard about how much money the rum-ronners are making.” *“Hard work bas hurt mighty fow folks,” said Uncle Eben. “De most doee Is by scarty’ ‘emt Answers to Questions BY FREDERIO J. HASKIN Q. How many women are thers in Washington, D. C., and how many of them are married?—O. G. K. A. The total female population of the District of Columbis s 234,028 The number of negro women is 53,111. There are 165,456 females 21 years of #ge and over; 39,626 of these are negroes. There aro 23,602 married women in the District of Columbia 15 years of age and ove: Q. I am curious to know whether the cupola on the roof of the new Natlonal Museum is complete; that is, is it not the ultimate intention to place some sort of a figure in the center to fill a space which seems to have been designed for the purpose of holding some figure and thus hav- ing a finishing touch?—H..F. A. The superintendent of the New National Museum says the roof is completed and there will not be a figure on the roof. It was contem- plated that the pedestals on the sides would hold mammal figures, but no appropriation was made for this. Q. What is th essay contests?—E. P. A. Generally speaking, the purpose is to stimulate nations to think in terms of peace, thus considering the causes of war and ways to prevent it Q. Do parrots really talk?—C .S. A. Parrots in a true sense of the word do not talk, but have a great facility for imitating sounds of the human speech, and some species learn to say words and even phrases. - Q. Is the number of denominations of Protestant churches increasing?— N J.J. . A. The Federation of Churches says that it is increasing. Between 1306 and 1916, 31 denominations appeared, while 16 ceased to have organic de- Q. How many gubordinate granges are there?’—Z. R. D. A. The National Grangs says that there are approximately 3,000 subor- dinate granges in the United States. Q. What is the oldest varaish in ex- istence?—A. H. 8. = A. So far as is known, the oldest varnish still in existence is that on the wooden mummy cases of EEypt This is in some instances at least 2,500 years old. It is thought to be a solution of resin in some such essen- tial oil as ofl of cedar. Q. How large are hen eggs’—F. S. A. The Department of Agriculture says that the normal size of an egg is from 2 to 2% ounces. However, ezgs have been known to be as large as 6 ounces and are approximately 3% inches long and 2 inches in diameter. Q. 1s it true that true amber makes a noise>—R. M. K. A. When pure amber is held near the ear it can be noticed that it gives off a cracking sound. Q. When was the thermometer in- vented?—W. O. H. A. The exast date of the thermometer According to some authorities, it was invented by Galileo before 15 The ¥Fahrenheit thermometer was adopted about 1726, the centigrade thermom- eter about 1742. Q. What does the name “Liliom" mean?—A. G. E. A. It is the Hungarian for “Lily” and a slang term for “tough.” the invention is not known. Q. Is there any rule or law as to pictures of President being put on stamps? How is it arranged for?— A P H. A. The Post Office Department says that there is no rule regulating the use of Presidents’ portraits on post- age stamps, except that portraits of Presidents who are llying are not used. In many cases influential Indi- viduals organize a memorial assocla- tion which promotes the idea, and if at this time the post office is In need of a new series of stamps the portrait is accepted. What was the population of the Jewish nation in the time of Solo- mon?—J. B. A. There are no actual statistics of the population of the Jews in the time of Solomon, the census taken by David being the one used by Solomon. David numbered the people shortly before his death, and it is recorded that there were in Israel 1,000,000 men that drew the sword and 410,000 men that drew sword in Judea. ' Of these, the pestilence sent by God to punish the enumeration of the people, which was contrary to law, took 70,000 men. No count was made of women and children or of minors. Q. Q. What position does Georges Car- pentier, the French pugilist, occupy among the aviation “aces” of France? —P. V. W. A. Georges Carpentier is not listed as a French ace. He was in the French aviation service as-a pllot, but is not credited with bringing down any machines. His observers, however, brought down several. Q. What are ships’ papers?—R. D. A. This name is given to papers which a vessel must carry, such as register, sea letter, logbook, bill of health and shipping articles. Q. Can_stars be told from planets by a novice?—L S. E. A. One of the noticeable differences between stars and planets is that stars twinkle while planets do not. Q. What is 2 blackstrap?—D. L. A. Blackstrap is low-grade sugar cane molasses. At one time it was generally discarded in sugar refining, but is now used not only as an appe- tizer and tonic for stock feeding, but is included as a regular ingredient of mixed rations, being a food of the carbohydrate class. Q. What is meant by the “truce of God”?—H. F. S. A. During the middle ages private warfare became very common. To suppress it—or, at any rate, to limit it—the church syriods passed decrees that such fighting could not take place at certain_holy seasons, or on certain days. It was so arranged that only eighty days in summer time were left for fighting. These edicts were not very scrupulously obeyed. Sometimes the king lent_ the truce the weight of his authority, and thus made it the peace of the land. (Did you ever write o letter to Frod- erio J. Haskin? You can ask owr Infor- ‘mation Bureau any quostion of fact and the answer in a persomal letter. is @ part of that best purpose of — SERVICE. There {s return postage. Get the Madit of asking of Frederic J, Haskin, Direc. tor, The Star Information Bureou, 1220 North Capitol Street. In a Few Words Frenchwomen do not care for. the vote. They are so strong through the indirect power they have always wielded that they have not fought like women of other nations for suf- frage. They have had such influence with men that they do not want political freedom. 7 —MME. GABRIELLE DUCHENE. Farms will_eventually be a thing of the past. There is every reason to Delieve that the three groups of food- stuffs—carbohydrates, fats and anino acids—can and soon will be produced —DR. CARL L _ALSBERG (Leland Stanford University). A baby born under present condi- tions in this country today has hardly more chance of living a week than an old man of ninety. —HERBERT One-tenth of the dess of socialism which ruined Russia would kill P o o § CHURCEILA D. ¢, MONDAY, MAY 12, 1924 IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS The election of deputies, which oc- curred yesterday throughout France, ray have a orucial effect upon the settlement of France's debt to the United States and her acceptance of the Dawes plan for the revival of Germany. Cablo news of the results of the election is awaited today. France owes the United States nearly $4,000,000,000, on which she at present is paying no interest and which she delays refunding. Yet long ago France pressed Russia for an immediate settlement of what that country owed France, and when Rus- sia protested poverty, according to Lioyd George, this was the attitude of France: “To French statesmen, payment of the obligations incurred by a nation to foreign lenders was the hallmark of civilization. When the Russian delegates, in an endeavor to mitigate the severity of the terms of pay- ment, put in a plea of poverty for their country and pointed to the deso- lating ruin of war and civil dissen- sion, and to the ravages of pesti- lence and famine, the KFrench dele- gates were scornful. It was only bar- barians an 5 diated honast debis for homest maency advanced by neighbors, and they had no patience with debtors who pleaded devasttation of their country as a reason for putting off payment of what was due from them." * k¥ The crux of the Dawes scheme of settlement of Germany's financial condition appears to be two-fold— borrowing with which to resume specie payment and establish a bank of issue, and selling more exports, so that the balance of trade can be applied upon reparations. England will probably take $50,- 000,000 of the loan proposed by the Dawes committee, and it is under- stood that a group of international bankers of the United States will float $100,000,000. YAlready the bank- ers have arranged with the Federal Reserve Bank to re-discount $5,000,- 000 of German acceptances, 5o the funds will actually come from the Federal Reserve Bank. A provision of the Daes plan which {s not generally understood is that there is no purpose to have the gold, which will be loaned to Germany upon certain_industrial se- curities, paid over 1o France or any other country in gold upon reparation account. It will be expended for the first two or three years only in Ger- many, through the proposed bank of issue, for the purpose of reviving German productive industries. * X ¥ % Germany does not produce enough food to supply her people. Prior to the war she imported food to the amount of 2,274 million gold marke. She lost 7 per cent of her. population in the war, so that now, to maintain, the same living standard, she must import 2,115 million gold marks' worth figured at pre-war prices—to which must be added 60 per cent as the difference in costs today. She also imported €242 million gold marks in manufactures. Her total imports now, to equal her pre-war requirements, must reach 5,477 million gold marks, based on pre-war prices, of which today's equivalent is 16,163 million gold marks. She must pass that figure in exports before she will have any balance of trade to apply on repa- rations. * %k ¥ ¥ What can she export with which to cover these imports? She has lost her coal, her iron and her colonies. To what countries will she sell such snormous exports? Prior to the war she sold to England, Fra the United States and Austria-Hungary a total of 4,213 million gold marks annually, which at present prices (60 per cent increase) would be equivalent to 6,741 million gold marks. But today the first three countries are protected by high tar- iffs and the last one {s bankrupt. Even if thess three protected coun- tries opened their markets in full to Gemany, they would take—at pre- war rate—onlv a quarter of what wce, Germany must. export, before galning any tradé balance above her 15,000,~ 000,000 gold marks of imports. * ¥ ¥ % By the treaty o Versailles -France is to recelve 52 per cent of whatever installments Germany pays in repa- rations. France has been literally “banking” upon the billions which Germany’s obligations indicated were to be paid. from time to time. Since 1919 France has maintained two budget systems—one based on revenue from taxation for ordinary running expenses of the government; the other based upon expected re ceipts from Germany’s reparation: The latter is called the “budget o recoverable expenses’ Its expendi- tures have to do with rebuilding the war-devastated region of France. Ac- cordingly, France has invested bil- lions in rebuilding, but has actually diverted from that fund every franc received from Germany to pay the expenses of the army of occupation in_the Ruhr and along the Rhine. France has lived on cradit ever since the war, rather than raise ade- quate revenuc by taxation. She has raised by internal loans (from sock savings and chimney banks) 118,000,- 000,000 francs. The interest on this loan from the peasants equals the total amount needed to run the gov- ernment prior to the war. Btill 40,- 000,000,000 more francs must be bor- rowed to complete the next three years' program of rebuilding. All that is charged to the “budget of recover- able expense,” theoretically to be col- lected from Germany—but when? * % k% Vast building operations to replace the devastation have been going on. Every private citizen whose house was shot to pieces in battle is en- titled to @ new house at the expense of Germany, France has been ad- vancing the funds and charging the cost to the *budget of recoverable expenses.” Not only the~ original owner is interested, but he has been able to sell his claim to some prof- iteering corporation which has then collected Yrom the government inflated claims. Recently this wholesale building graft was investigated, and the first 800 cases showed graft to the amount of 5,000,000,000 france. With all this bullding financed by the treasury, there is no unemploy- ment in France, but a semblance of great prosperity, though it is faise prosperity, being dependent ultimate- 1y upon collecting from Germany the sum to reimburse the “budget of re- coverable expenses.” No wonder it is impossible to state to Germany the total she must pay in reparations. France owes the United States to- day 3,990,65 .64, on which there is accrued interest of hundreds of mil- lions of dollars. She is paying noth- ing on cither interest or principal, vet since the war she has loaned to Jugoslavia, Rumania and lovakia nearly -2,000,000,000 francs as a military defense thugh | building them up on the east of Eu- | rope to offset Russia and Germany. * % % The returns from yesterday's elec- tion of deputies will be most signifi- cant of how France is going to sup- port Premier Poincare’s aggressive policy toward Germany. The sena- torfal election last January seemed in accord with his policies, but sinee senators are elected by an electoral college, their election is not So sig- nificant as an election of deputies by direct vote of the people. The Radi- cals charge that Poincare’s method of handling the Germans threatens a return of war. Mr. Ramsey MacDonald, prime min- ister of Engiand (which continues to support with doles nearly 1,300,000 idle men), says: “The main cause of the hostile feel- ing toward France in England is the occupation of the Ruhr, which is the main contributing factor in the pres- ent economic crisis in England. kng- land reproaches France with having too little consideration for the higher interests of Europe and with having none for the particular interests of England.” The BEritish press says there is a growing feeling of resentment in England that she, in the midst of a severe trade depression, with a mil- lion and a quarter unemployed, should be paying 37,000,000 pounds a year of interest on her war debt to the United States, when France, with prosperous trade. conditions and no unemployment, is paving nothing to her or to the United States. (Copyright, 1924, by Paul V. Collins.) k Press Divided on Expediency Of Child Labor Amendment American editors are almost of onme voice in eéxpressing the desirs for restrictive legislation against the ex- ploitation of child labor in the coun- try. However, they are by no means unanimous in the belief that amend- ment to the Constitution is the proper way in which to obtain such legislation. This is brought out in the comment of the press upon the passage in the House of the resolution to submit to the states the much discussed child labor amendment. The Springfleld Union thus voices its objection to the proposal: “We are immediately concerned with the tendency shown to distort the theory and fact of the Conmstitu- tion, to break down both federal and state authority and to convert a nation of free people into the wards of a helpless but tremendously ex- pensive guardian * * * If the labor of those under eighteen can be regulated and prohibited by federal law, the hours of recreation, or the kind of recreation, the hours of study or the kind of study can be similarly regulated of prohibited. All state laws would be suspended unless they ive effect to such proposals. The ‘ederal government would be trying to do what it couldn’t and the states would fail to do what they can and should * * * Up to the age of eighteen it is assumed that a boy cannot work, even on a farm ap- parently, without impairing his health and education. But the mo- ment he is eighteen he can be loaded with a rifle, a heavy knapsack, a canteen' and a gas mask and sent into the horrors of a modern battle- field.” * % k¥ ‘The proposed amendment, accord- ing to the Philadelphia Bulletin, “repeats the mistake of the eight- eenth amendment, in trying to create concurrent jurisdiction in the enm- forcement of the law, which actually establishes the supremacy of con- gressional law, inviting the duplica- tion of the prohfbition experiment, in which the purpose of the law falls between the incapacity of an over- worked, ocentralized. enforcement power, and the evasion of local au- thorities who are willing to let the federal officers do it.” While seeing = hopeful sign of the times in & pub- lic opinion which has aroused Con- gress to its 'action, the Brooklyn Eagle calls attention to the point that “it should not be ed that child Iabor can be ended by a constitutional am ent.” : The Duluth News Tribune declares “thoughtful men have long regarded with something akin to alarm the f the federal government ernments” and adds “the Washington bureaucracy is growing steadily and rapidly” and “new laws ‘regulating’ business and private lives of citizens are being enacted at every session of Congress, each law calling for a new federal enforcement bureau and the levying of a mew federal tax.” While the Lynchburg Advance asks “if this process of robbing the states of their powers continues, if this busi- ness of securing legislation by con- stitutional amendment keeps on—and apparently it will—why not ‘o the whole hog” and abolish states?” “Such a law -might have turned Lincoln into a worthless idler,” d clares the Newark News, which adds: “We ought to be able to tackle this child labor problem, which cries aloud for settlement, without going to such drastic lengths, Invading alike the rights of states and the autonomy of the home.” Nobody questions tha uniférm law would be desirable, h‘ the opinion of the Providence Jour- nal, t';but‘!ha dfinblllty of a con- utional amendment to “',‘i‘.;“‘;,‘fi; S that end is e adelphia Public Ledger, on the other hand, believes t.hegfl'on!a vote of 297 to 69 a “faithful reflection of the national sentiment,” and ob- serves, “loath as we are to tinker with the Constitution, there is a con- viction that this alone can reach and cure the evil.” While the Providence Tribune believes “an amendment to the Constitution of the United States Condition of Germany. Writer Stresses Real Need for Relief Work. | To the Editor of The Star: . 5 The writer hns enfoyed the blessiugs of this hospitable country since 1866, bocause his father had’taken a vow in 1348 that none of his sons shouid serve in the army of an absolute German monarch. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1567 and served until 1887. Some of his ancestors served in the American revolution. He has had no £ympathy with German aggrandizement, but when he finds a people on the verge of starvation, and is o told by Ameri- cans who have fought hard against them, he believes it, and his heart goes out to the innocent victims of the world war. It is well known that the first re- lief after the armistice was extended by the Quakers of England and America, and by officers and soldiers of Gen. Al- len's army of occupation. In spite of such evidence, bitter critics insist that there is no starvation, and the German people had better stop their whining. 1s it reasonable to assume that the committeo headed by Gen. Allen, and our local committee headed by Gen. Miles, a veteran of three wars, would issue ‘appeals for relief without a posi- tive knowledge of existing distress? Al- though Gen. Ailen had first-hand ob- servation of suffering in one of the most prosperous provinces, in_order to ascertain the actual facts in December, 1023, his committee requested Dr. Haven Emerson, professor of public heaith, Co- lumbia University, New York city, and Frnest Patterson, professor of eco- nomics, University of Pennsylvania, to make a survey. As a result of this in- vestigation they reported in January, as follows: ‘“Twenty million people’ in Germany will be dependent upon relief until the next harvest. Supplementary feeding and additional clothing must be provided for at least six months. Their only hope rests with the response of friendly America.” What is Germany doing to help her- relf? In answer to this very pertinent question, Prof. Jeremiah W. Jenks, a noted American political economist, makes the following statement: “Ac- cording to the best available informa- tion, the German government and people are doing fifty times as much general relief as all outside sources combined : statistics show that two-thirds of the expense of all child fesding is being | done by the Germans. The chief burden of this work automatically falls upon the big industrialists, bankers and agriculturists, as the heaviest taxpayers, but, in addition, they are giving freely as individuals.” ‘What Is the German Flement of This Country Doing for Rellef? From an extensive study of the reliet problem the writer feels con- vinced that the people in Germany who have relatives in this country are protected against starvation by periodical food supplies from here. The German element also contributes liberally for the relief of the starv- ing people who are not blessed with relatives in this country. But, after all, this is only a drop in the bucket when we consider the feeding of 60,000,000 people. It is a well known fact that Germany for many years had to import 40 per cent of its staple food supplies, cereals and fats. The records of the Department of | Commerce show that Germany and Austria in 1920 and 1921 imported foodstuffs from our country at a cost of $284,699,130. It is also well known that most of the relief of the Allen committee is shipped in flour, cereals, | & fats and milk. | Our government has repeatedly de- | clared that we are not fighting the | German people, but insisting on mak- ing the world safe for democracy. President Coolidge is on record as saying: “It is very desirable that the private charity being orsanized should go on.” Charges of alous Prosperity and Extravagance Are Refuted. Mr. James P. Grady of Albany, N. Y., an eye-witness, writes in the New York Herald-Tribune as follows: “As L' have but recently returned from &/prolonged business trip to Germany, I feel it my duty to answer the people who are minimizing the suffering ‘in that country. Actual starvatioh is widespread in Germany and It {s the women and children chiefly who suffer: One hears of gay night life in Berlin, but if one will only take the trouble to investigate he will find that most of the lavish | spenders are English, Americans, Swiss and South Americans who are living in Germany, many because of the low rate of exchange. Of course, there are profiteers in Germany, but they are parasites found in all coun- tries.” A number of American states: and the Secretary of Labor have l;-;er’: sonally witnessed the emaciated forms’ of children and the silent agony of starving men and women of the middle and intellectual classes. The recent vote of the bone and sinew of Germany shows evidence of faith in the “new rcpublic,” and an honest endeavor to cischarge her obligations as proposed by the Dawes commission. For this purpose she needs a loan with which to buy food and raw material to convert labor into money for reparation payments. The rank "and file still believe that work and faith in God alome can save them from utter ruin. Nothing short of hunger and starvation will drive them into anarchy and confu- sion. 1 base this conclusion upon a study of the motives which prompted the German element to migrate to our hospitable shores and the rola they have played in the liberation and defence as well as in the material development of our beloved country. Can we afford to forsake a young republic in her hour of distress and struggle for existence? In this con- nection it may be well to recall President Adams’ message to Con- gress published in 1826 and quoted by the Hon. Edward E. Browne (him- self of Puritan descent) in his speeth delivered March 24, 1924, as follows: “In the Infancy of their political existence under the influence of those principles of liberty and right, so congenial to the cause for which to ban child labor throughout the country is the only effective way of wiping out a soclal abuse that is a national blot and a sad commentary on a supposedly civilized nation.” *x ok ox The New Orleans Times-Picayune believes that “since most of us nows adays concede that merciless exploita- tion of child labor 15 an evil not to be tolerated, the enactment of a national law aiming at uniform protection of the children and tending incidentally to ‘remove the temptation to exploit child labor for competitive advan- tage seems to us a consummation de- voultly to be wished.” In the opin- ion of the Hartford Times, “the senti- ment against child labor is strong enough so that the demand that the federal government coerce backward states outweighs the scruple against such constitutional amendments.” So hearty is the support to such an amendment on the part of the Des Moines Tribune that it advises fhat “this is the time for the voters to ledge their candidates for the state Jegisiatures to ratify the amendment before the primaries in June have been held.” “Experience has demonstrated,” de- clares the Scranton Republican, “that nothing short of a constitutional amendment will abolish the ahuses incident to child labor, which in Bo; states amounts to what is described as ‘child slavery.'” hile the New York Sun contends “the one right that & few laggard states will lose is the right to abuse small children and to carry on a cutthroat competition with more enlightened neighbors on cheap labor.™ g tho basis ef we have fought and triumphed, they (the United States) were able to obtain the sanction of but one great and philosophic although absolute soveraign in Europe for thelr liberal and enlightened principle. That sov- ereign was Frederick the Great. Ac- cording _to Mr. Browne, Germany under Frederick the Great mot only sympathized with the American colonists, but also recognized the in- dependence of the colonies in con- cluding & _treaty with the United States. The writer recalls with pardonable pride the splendid serv- ioces rendered by Gen. von Steu- ben, Muhlenberg, Harkheimer and other great leaders in the revolution- ary war; that the body guard of Gen. Washington was largely com- posed of German troopers and that the herolne at the battle of Mon- mouth, “Molly Pitcher, daughter of a German colonist, John George Ludwig. The impartial reader of history cannot fail to have observed that the contributions of the German efe- ment in the development, defense aud Americanization of our country are at least equal to amy other nation- ality. 7o me it is a matter of great grief that an anti-German agitation is apparently kept up for the pur- pose of deterring humanitarfan per- sons from affording succor. to a starving people. The example of Gens. Allen and Miles is indeed com- forting; they are familiar with the facts, convinced that “the needs are very urgent and believe that America should live up to its traditions of benevolence to_stricken people, for- getting political and national con- troversies” May the expectations of the veteran soldlers and patriots be fulfilled is my fervent prayer. GEOQ, M. KOBER. | ators ACID TEST AT HAND | FOR ADMINISTRATION" lhesiflzm. at Loggerheads With Congress, Gets Chance to Show Mettle, NUMBER OF VETOES LIKELY Bonus, Exclusion and Tax Redu tion Vital Issues. BY FREDERICK WILLIAM Wi, When Calvin Coolidge succeeded the presidency nine gnonth’dgo, friend and foe alike said the “acid test” of hi statesmanship would when he found. himse at grips with Co That hour has arrived. THe Prosid stands at bay. On three major legis tive* propositions—bonus and taxation—he aud C loggerheads. Weeks of co a conciliation have not averied a dean lock. Congress has enactéd the boru, is about to pass the imumigration b and, before the end of May, doub less have adopted an ant stra tion taxation law. It is a c for Coolidge or victory fo and perhaps even victory fo over Coolidge vetoes. The dilemma is acknowledged Universally, too, it Is rec political fate may be wrappe the manner in which he escap: come immi are £ vel Congr ngres Experience as Governor, As Governor of Massachusetts Coolidge confronted numerv: legislative situations as he now He vetoed many bills. There i bo only one occasion on whic! was oyerridden—the “salary grab by which members of the leeic voted themselves a 50 per.cent i in pay. Mr. Coolidge i3 reputed 1o las a persuasive way of imposing his poinf of view on veto occasions, es when warding off “treasury raid: factor that makes some of his s ers think Congress will move cau. before overriding his vetoes the strength of the President as a voic getter. Nearly everybody on Capitol H admits that Coolldge 1s immeasurabis stronger with Republican voters tha: Congress is. His primary victorics have staggered the old hands in both parties. T party stalwarts of the way used to round up the electora the very moments, Congress was de- fying him the most brazenly. Onme third of the Senate and all of th House are to be elected in November Primary returns have demonstrated Ivin Coolidge’s strength with the O. P. rank and file to the hardest boiled politicians. Such of these are now in Congress and “bucking” Coolidge policies will ponder deep before taking the final plunge & passing legislation over Coolidge vetoes. The President’s veto mes if and when they are sent kely to be pretty vigorous. Sen and_representatives who re member what happencd to Moses in New Hampshire (when he was de- ated for national convention dele he wasn't sufficient] Coolidge), to Pinchot Pe nia and to Johnse f pecial = ’ arc ing Coolidge in a veto part of political valok in 18 Sitoation on Bonus. Uncommonly interesting political equations are involved for the Pres ident. He will both lose and support, whichever turning he takes on the bonus, immigration or taxi- tion. A bonus veto will antago- nize the American Legion, irrespec- tive of service men’s political afilia tions, but it will gratify the business community, whih hankery for tax reduction. T dent knows, too, that not all ice men favor th bonus. Senator David A. Reed, Re publican, of Pennsy bonus. A man who is always on th side of justice for Senator William I anti-bonus. There is a situation with Japanesc the rock on which the immigratio bill may crash as the result presidential veto. A coali jority in Congress wants immediat axclusion, but Coolidge knows ther is an extremely large element in th community that is willing to lot hi and Mr. Hughes achieve exclusion | less drastic fashion than Congress d mands. The California business comm the White House believes, i< wit Coolidge and Hughes on exclusior and not with the irreconcilable Cal ifornia exclusionist group in C gress. The Oregon and Washi state delegations are split on exclusion arrangement, bers favoring the Coolide proposals. So it is with the taxation congressional majority has the ~ Mellon-administration prog=am into unrecognizab But the Whit: House is aware that there is tremer- dous bipartisan support for the pro gram . notwithstanding, and tba: thousands of votes will be made &= well as lost if the President goe into the campaign on a tax hill ve platform. Coolidge recogn the enormous strength the De: will derive from their ability to prove that it was they, not the Repu administration, “who wrote the law under which the ordinary man and woman would have their taxes heavily reduced. The Coolidge re- joiner to this challenge, of course, will be that the President, too. want- ed to reduce the common people’s tax burdens, but had ‘to consider the question’ of national reyenus at the same moment. Tn all prol we shall in the 1924 campalg a repetition of the old-time p tion-free trade and gold-versps-=/ arguments in_the form of a duction or Treasury defici mount issue. (Copyright, 1924.¥ Hughes Urges Second Term For Judge Sellers To the Editor of The Star: In view of the agitation regardinz the appointment of a successor to the present incumberit of the Juvenile Court, it is only just that Judge Sellers be given a second term. She has ziven of her best efforts and worked hard and | unceasingly to have the Juvenile Coury laws changed from criminal to chan- cery procedure. It seems unfalr that on the verge of this change being ac- complished through the agency of the Public Welfare Legislation Commission she should be denied the opportunity of cxrrying the new laws into efTect, Thoroughly familiar with the problems of the child, not oply through her court experience, but in’ the home, where she filled a mother's place to her brother's motherless children, she is peculiarly fitted by training and temperament to fill her present position. She is very sympathetic, thoroughly conscientious, and regards the hildrbs who are brought before her a Wwards of the court, rather than as incorrigibles and delinquents. She appeals to their bet- Vier nature by kindness rather tha: ear. ¥ The Italian citizens of the city, who through their inability to understand the English language are often T- fused if in ignorance they run iph against the law, say that Judge Sellers h:x beendnioit pnugmlannm{a'lr with them, an elped to solve eir lems, A SN arreoR