Evening Star Newspaper, March 28, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASSINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY... ..March 28, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company _ 11th St. axd Pesnayivania Ave. 0 East 43ud St. - Tower Building. utSt., London, Eogland. The Bvening Star, with the Sunday morming ~dition, 18 delivered by carriers within the 60 ‘conts per month: daily only, 43 inday only, 20 cents’ per Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunda. $8.40:1mo, Daily only o 3 $6.00: 1 mo., o Sunday only... . 1yr, $2.40; 1mo, 20 0c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00: 1 mo,, 85¢ Daily only . J1yr. $7.00:1mo., 60c Sunday only 1¥r., $3.00;1mo, 25¢ S ! Member of the Associated Press. ‘Uhe Associated Press is excinsively entitled ‘who seemed capable of taking up and carrying on the program which Poin- care has forwarded so relentlessly. M. Briand would have been the natural selection for premier, had the Poin- care defeat in parliament been a genu- ine overthrow of government. M. Briand is an alle statesman and a man of most amiable disposition, but under his premiership in France Eu- rope drifted away from instead of to- ward scttlement of post-war problems. His very amlability was his greatest handicap. The problems which con front Europe. especially the problem of German reparations, are not such as yield to good-natured negotiation. The ‘nailed fist was needed to bring Germany to her senses, and it was the mailed fist Poincare used, without stint or any softening of the blows. At times it seemed as if he might plunge Europe into a new war, but on the other hand was the abyss of economic ruin, and Poincare had the courage to hold a steadfast course. But France needs Poincare even more in domestic than in international affairs. His drastic program of in- o the use for republication of ali news dis- ratehes credited 10 1t or not otherwise credited n this paper and also the local news pub. lisned berein = All vights of pablication”of Daugherty Quits the Cabinet. of Attorney (ieneral Daugherty. at the request o Coolidge. come an inevitabl expected « the ua of any charges of wrong-doing which have been made <t him. He recognized the Attc v General's right to a full and fair investigation, and sympathized with his desire not to retire under fire, but the time came when the circumstances were such that Mr. Daugherty no longer could function as the legal adviser of the President, and he had to give w to some one who could give advice di- vested of personal inte Mr. Coolidge’s letter asking for his Attorney General's resignation is as lacking in bharshness as it is complete ir logic. A!l generalities are brushed aside, and a concrete case is used to » President wuas under of calling for the resigna- tion. Mr. Daugheriy’s most dent friends cannot dispute the sound »f the President’s and it} cannot be shown tha ne Attorney General was s ificed either to mvlr»| lic clameor neet the ends u\‘l political expediency The Preside ndeed, might have e much farther in showing where al interests of Mr. Daugh- conflict with his duties General of the United States te iministra- The mtained 1 the been found in any number of cases. A nniittee of the Senate bad called for production of cortain records and papers bearing on the administration of the Department of Justice. As the Attorney General 18 respo; e to the President for the conduct of his office, Mr. Coolidge 1 have had to shoulder responsi- bility for any decision Mr. Daugherty made in respect to the Senate com- mittee’s roquest. Nawreally, the Pres required advie as to whether production of the papers was contrary the publi rest, and Mr. Daugh- ¢ was n position to give dis- interested advice. The conclusion is obvio Laying aside the question as to whether Mr, Daugherty has been per- | sonally guilty of wrongdoing or had | guilty knowledge of the wrongdoing of his friends, there will be few who will not think that under the condi- tions his retirement is in the best ln-l terest of the public vice. or 1o torne; and on, instance argument bt to have wor dent Increasing Progressive Strength. Gov. McMasters won the nomination for United States senator in South Dakota by a majority which would seem to assure his election in Novem- her. If it fails out that way the pro- | zressive and radical bloc in the Sen- ato will be increased, for he is likely to | join the La Follette ranks when he takes his seat. Senator Sterling, whom he defeated, while not regarded as an ultraconservative, was yet in line with the regular republicans on important questions and party issues, and never played with the radical bloc Thus the troubles of old-line leaders will be enhanced when they swing into action with the ‘‘Lalance of power” wielded by the radical bloc. Moreover, there are the voters to be reckoned with in November in the sasa of other candidates for the Sen- ate. If the South Dakota result is a straw indicating the direction of the political wind in the western sector! there may be further surprises for the line leaders at the polls. All of which is by way of warning to the gentlemen whose thoughts will soon be intent upon the framing of the republican party's platform for the national convention. The admoni- tion is writ large upon the wall that the republicans will have to make their platform progressive if in the indicated state of public feeling they hope for victory in November. —_—————— Advocates of government ownership will observe with discouragement what { a herd time Uncle Sam has in hanging on to even his present possessions. —————— Poincare Holds On. It is a matter for general con- sratulation that Raymond Poincare is to continue {n power in France, at least until the vital matters now in process of evolvement are brought to consummation. M. Poincare may not be the easiest sort of person to get along with, but it is much better to get somewhere cven with an arbi- trary man than to get nowhere with one of better nature, and however much we may like or dislike the destinations M. Poincare has set out for, it must be conceded that he has a way of arriving there. When the Poin- care ministry “fell" this week there was every promise that Europe was on the verge of settlement of problems | which since the armistice have vexed her almost to the point of ruin. Had a new man been called to rule in France much or all of this advance might have been. lost through the necessity of fresh beginnings. There was, in fact, no man in sight } men bhave spoken plainly in favor of | chilaren run down were playing in the creased taxation and government re- trenchment, brought through a stormy conflict almost to success, is the bit- ter, but necessary, medicine IFrance must take to restore her financial health. 1t is doubtful if Briand or any other possible successor in'the premier- ship could have completed the course of treatment National Gallery Building. In the last few days two public ' 1 the construction of a building for the National Gailery of Art. Plans for such a building will soon be drawn, and the information has been given out that e strong sentiment exists in the Senate and Ilouse favorable to making the necessary appropriation that the government's art collection, now valued at several million dollars, and growing rapidly. shall be fittingly housed. Valuable paintings are stored in the basement and in nooks and | crannies of the natural history build- ing of the National Museum, and space occupied by that part of art collection on public exhibition needed by the Smithsonian Institution for exhibits of archeology and anthro- | pology. Recently Senator Medill Me- Cormick of Ilinois, who is a member of the board of regents of the Smith- sonian, which is'the custodian of the ational Gallery of Art, said that “any plan for the consruction of need- ed public buildings at Washington— and there is great need for such struc- tures—should include a bullding for the National Gallery of Art.”" Repre- senlative Newton of Minnesota. who was recently appointed by Speaker Gil- lett as a member of the board of re gents of the Smithsonian. himself as believing that o greatest needs of the Smithsonian In- | stitution is for & suitable fireprool building, specially designed, in which the National Gallery of Art may be properly displayed for the education and pleasure of the hundreds of thou sands of persons from every state the Union who visit their Nationa Capital annually.” He said that two of the fine collections in the Smith- sontan—the anthropological collection, covering the history of man, and the art treasures, which are worth some 5,000,000—are now crowding other Into the basement rooms dark corridors. It is his opinion “for scientific as well as artistic siderations the proposed new art lery building should be erected s possible. Practically the whole of the naticnal collection of art as it stands today as been given to the pecple < the United States, and additions to the gallery by gift are being made at a gratifying rate. The $10,000 required | for the making of plans for a gallery building was subscribed by persons who believe that the United States should have one of the world's great art collections at Washington. und that the collection should have an ap- propriate building. With a creditable art gallery building the coliection would no doubt grow at a greater rate than it has in the past. ———— is ed | e of the H each | nd that i “In my own time and in my own way,” Senator Spencer is quoted, "I will prove what [ will prove.” Tn the | midst of a whirlwind of gossip it is in teresting (o note so cautious and con- | servative a siatement. { —————— Artificially colored salmon is de-! clared to be harmless and more at- tractive to the eye. Even the fish are entitled to their cosmetics. Street Accidents. The list of trafic fatalities in our streets lengthens. Since the first of the year eighteen persons have been killed outright or have died of injury in automobile accidents in Washing- ton. Nearly all the victims have been pedestrians, and several of them chil- dren. In some of these accidents it has been said that the fault was chiefly with the pedestrian. Several of the | | street or came so suddenly in front of an automobile that the driver could not stop it in time. Tn the latest kill- ing of an eight-year-old boy it is said that he ran across the street and too ciose in front of a moving car. This | kind of accident happens ofter, and it i seems hard to find a remedy. Children should not play in the street, but they will. They will dart from the side- walk to chase a playfellow or a ball. 1n addition to the list of persons killed by automobiles in the streets the list of persons seriously or permanently injured is a long one. This condition cannot continue with- out strong and radical measures being taken in the hope of correcting it. There is no unavoidable traffic acci- dent. A car ought not to be driven in a city street so fast that it cannot be brought to @ stop in its own length. Even that might not prevent some accidents, but most of the accidents that disturb us now would be avoided if @ driver kept his car under such control. Tt is belleved that many drivers cannot stop a car as quickly when an emergency arises as they could if there were no emergency. It is possible that many a driver lacks or lases “presence of mind.” Then there are too many machines that move in the streets at twenty and shirty miles an hour, speeding up to pass another automobile, beat a street ‘Plll cters examin { does | to know. THE car to a car stop or for one thing and another. It is against the law, but a large part of our population has come to believe that it is ail right to violate a law. With few arrests and little punishment for breaking the speed law, and with few police to enforce the law, many drivers are indifferent. We will come to the time when a man before being allowed to drive a car must prove that he Is sound in mind and body, that he reacts normally and that his eyes are good. new breath into the shriveled breast In the matter of pedestrians they, | of the sick man of Burope. A blood- too, will be regulated. .Jay-walkingless revolution was effected overnight, will be made illegal, and jay-walkers|and the Young Turks became com- will be punished. At appointed cross- | Plete masters of the situation and of ings there will always be many pedes- | Constantinople. trians who are old and Infirm, and at A (Y::l‘m":‘i';;‘:x :';‘:: r::;:::-‘r;o: ber of street intersections in Wash- | Tirunken frame of its ocoupant, the Red Sultan Abdul Hamid II; “the Ington we are perhaps not far from | oo 2 usagsin,” Gladstone had aptly the time when overhead or under- termed him as far back as 1878, But, ground crossings will be necessary fOF | {5 (heir dismay, the irrepressible people afoot. It is a serious situation, | Young Turks discovered at once that, and Is rapidly becoming more scrious. | while it was childishly easy to re= move from the throne the decrepit old tyrant, as far as the command of force was concerned, it Was uiscon certingly hard to depose “the king of kings, the shadow of God upon earth, the sole arbiter of the destinies of the world, the master of the two conti- nents ‘and of the two seas, the sover- eign of the orient and of the occl- dent"—this being only a part of the al titles of the khaliph-sultan. ; haliph may be stoned to th, like some of the very early s were: or strangled in his bed, in cordance with more modern prac- |tice; or he may be done away with in an infinite variety of ways. But, it was pointed out to the plotters, an act of dethronement faust be based on some cxpress or implied authority to be found only in the universal guide book of the Moslem. the Koran. Gray- haired and hoary-Learded ulemas, or theologians, were forthwith com- manded to make a search through the Koran in order to find some suitable apothegm or dictum that would throw the cloak of religious sanction on the act of the deposition of the khaliph. Fortunately for the Young the proverbial elasticity of the ok offers all kinds of pegs to 1 sorts of writs on; for a writ . 1o be regularly and duly is- sued by the fetfa-cmin, the guardian of the writs, was equally indispensa- bie to legalize the act A dubious dictum was found, the THE .NEW issioner of Not so very long ago a junta of fire-eating reformers and plotters, styling themselves as Young Turks, had made up their minds to blow & Dyed Salmon. The sale of dyed fish reveals a mon- strous plece of dishonesty in trade. Several days ago a dispatch told that heaith officers at Philadelphia found that “painted fish” were being sold They found that white salmon colored with coal tar dye were being sold as red salmon, and Washington food in- nfitg some red salmon on sale here found that they were white stimon_dyed red. It is not un- derstood that the retail dealers knew of the fraud, and it will be interesting to learn where the flsh were stained red and how general the practice is. It is a low kind of fraud, and must be immediately stamped out. The health officer of the District has been quoted as saying that the coloring matter found in the fish is not necessarily injurious, but that there has béen a violation of the national food and drug as well as local regulations, in that white salmon is sold under the name and guise of another and more B Tnder the fond | fateful writ was lesued and Abdul Shpon ace e f00d | Hamid ceased that very moment to be and drugs act @ food is regarded as| th ssor of Mohammed and to erated e mixed, eolore claim of allegiance on the adult d “if it be mized, red, e e ns tattntul powdered, conted or stained in @ man- | 4 ner whereby inferiority is concealed.” | The finding of painted salmon reminiscent of the old days when apple pulp and seed, stained and | flavored, were wold as raspberry Jum:] when various things that were resd pens of somé kintip.. Granscribing coffee, and when | orders issued by the grand national artificial butter was sold as the real [assembly of Angora, khaliph, khali- thing. Great progress has heen made | phate and sacred Mohammedan wa rotect > the hlic thave been committed to the toward protecting the public against) (0, "0t men, as far as Turkey is tood frauds, and this painted fish case | coneerned. And with them all the will no doubt move the authorities to | f araphernalia ¢ theocracy prompt and effec measure a ive variety. fifteen years o That happened only - . in the month |agou: to be more exac | of March, 1909, In the same month of the present year, a few strokes from the creaky hay ave been throw he discard Thus. from - darkness of ! Angora the out as ne iplus uitra twentieth-century man. read ! Now, could such u thorough change {take place in the Turk's mentality in shurt space of fifteen vears? sld 4 people who until yesterday aferinz a © divine worship | hadow God upon uddenly to the realiza r? 1s it porsible that achieve at the bat of tthe western world took een- s of preparation to httain? have always known the Turk an amiable, when not cross, siow and_easy-going fellow, basking lan- uidly in the sunshine of hix indolent yielding delightfully to loug spells’ of dolce far niente, never caring much for other things n those that make life more enter- ning: and, above all, we have! 'n him as an exceptionally Allah- aring man who would, every year, prostrate himself devoutly before the hairs of Mohammed's beard. ns up not doetors meant. express | —_——————— A rum ship off Nova Scof in a storm without fuel, burned the | alcohol and reached port. This is one of the few instances in which it can be positively demonstrated that cohol has saved buman life. al- —————————— Opening King Tut's of enlighter tomb was nterest inve 2 ity has happened, then, in the to change the snall Into a to a common simile Koran ltself> With a little onr imagination we might be inderstand, after all, that the office could be abolished: that a might be established; that efforts shouid be displayed to wipe out some of the glaring deficiencies and incongruities in the obsolete s come when it garded as safe only 000 years old | from t istreteh o —_————— able to Being very busily engaged. Mr MeAdoo has not found time to interview Mr. James Cox on the ques- who the logi idential candidate real inings, in the midst of con gressional sensations, now looks back ! with ave 1 the old days, when | the only excitement life afforded wus a little thing like a train robbery i ——t——— No practical-minded statesman will | approve of the tendency to make an | ancient and obsolete campaign fund | a leading topic of conversation on the eve of another battle. The « birthday president called for bration of the ninetieth | of Charles Willilam Eliot, emeritus of Harvard, has| congratulations not only | {the whole world. Probably never has | universal recognition been ac- | orded to a private citizen. He is ac- cepted for just what he is, one of the greatest educators the nation ever produced. As an evidence, the Brooklyn Bagle isays: “Because of what he has done, !because of the life he has lived, be- icause of the faith in mankind to which he has given imperishable e ! utterance, Charles W. Bliot has added e e {something to the stature of America. | Taikin' ‘bout the weath: { While such men live and move and Is now the proper thing. juave their being our future is seoure.” Oh, let us get together {The Boston Transcript maintains ‘“he And hear the birdigs sing. +has profoundly affected the course of The merry spring is boomin | education in the whole United States, Throughout the sylvan scene. | and thereby put his impress upon the The crocuses are bloomin® | thought and action of the time.” The And the mint is gettin' green. | New York World points out that “DF. { Biiot has served as a personal ex- jample of courageous liberalism, un- stinted by expediency and unre !stralned by prevailing convention {For he “not only turned a New Eng- {1and college into a world university,” { according. to the Spokane Spokesman- Review, but “instituted changes in methods which revolutionized Ameri- fcan higher education.”, It was his jidea, the Seattie Times continues, “to {expand education beyond the classical curriculum,” and “under the System which he devised, the student had the opportunity to select subjects for study, which enabled students to take up practical studies in accordance with their needs.” Thus “he has left his impression_on the student mind of the country for more than half a asserts the Sioux City | such 1 —_———— The chief ambition of some of the ! s is to tell an investigat committee something it does not wish SHOOTING STARS. EY PHILANDER JOHNSON Oh, sec the pretty sunrise And hear the froggies croon! The stars will one by one rise To greet the silver moon. When gossip 8lips its tether, We'd rather stand aloof. Let's talk about the weather, Because it's scandal-proof. Reckless Expenditure. “Your opponents are using money.” “They're not,” replied Senator Sor- ghum. “They think they are using money, but they are only wasting it.” Jud Tunkins says he's in faver of women in politics, but Congress just now is no place for a lady. Complex Computation. Reduce the taxes, if you can: Eut if you can't, Friend Congressman, ©Oh, find some way and find it quick To ease up the arithmetic. A Bad Habit, “History repeats itself,” ready-made philosopher. “Some of it,” replled Miss Cayenne, ‘“‘should net be permitted to do so.” * * The Springfield News admits fur- ther that “no one in the United States 1has dome any more to advance the best interests of young manhood through education or helped more un- sefishly in the general advancement | of democracy in this country andi throughout the world.” “By expand- ing the fields of study, by taking part in the public discussion of important questions and by holding up an ex- ample to American youth." the Oak- land Tribune insists, “Dr. Eiiot has won a secure place in the esteem of ! his country.” As the Topeka Capital sees it, “there is scarcely an impor- tant field of political, industrial and economic, educational, religious or so- cial activity that has not felt the im- press of his mind,” therefore, “in pay- ing tribute to him the nation honors all that is finest in Americanism.” In the opinion of the Providence Journal s “there could scarcely be a beiter ex- Real Wise Ones. ample_in the intellectual records of | : i 3 New England of a life lived in ac- W .\:;'Y:;mm might Jas |CoTdance with \ sane and .:o;‘:lrfible Ia Washington they m say that istandards.’ o Minneapdl e he foollsh virgins” who had no ell |declares further that “he has the af- were in reality the wise ones, fection of his countrymen everywhere said the “Don’ worry too much 'bout givin’ de devil his due,” maid Uncle Eben. “You'll generally find dat he has done collected in advance.” ——— Albania to the U, !ship of Reason. { thing ix to be subj | Turkish masses of their turbulent re- | which may o Dr. Eliot Is Extolled for Work In Helping Cause of Education| ;from his fellow Americans, but from |¥ EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, MARCH 28 | TURKEY OF ANGORA l BY CONSTANTINE A. CHEKREZI, Professor of History, National University of W Commissis m, D. C,; Former States. cial and political system of Turkey. All these are but signs of the times, probably matters of form. But to strike at the very foundation of the existence of the Ottoman empire, the Islamic tradition, is somewhat plexing, if not stunning. It is all the more bafling because the generation and its leaders that deposed Abdul Hamid with such meticulous obsery- ance of the sacred Mohammedan law are the same ones that swept away khaliph and khaliphate without any ceremony. And the whole situation becomes a well-nigh unanswerable enigma In the face of the united out- cry emitted by the Moslom world at the implous action of the grand as- sembly of Angora. Without any coms unction or flinching, Turkey has cut erself adrift from the rest of Islam, leaving it to worry alone about the rDIrllllll headship of Mohammedan- sn). One would naturally wonder, then, a8 to what was in the back of the minds of the Angora leaders when they took such a dizzy leap in the dark, as Disraell might have said: ‘What, for instance, are the forces that impelled them to such startling resolutions? To _be sure, and In the light again of what we aiready know about Turkish mentality, there is little doubt™hut that the abolition of the khaliphate and the renunciation of the Islamic tradition s only a bold gesture of the radical element, now in power. That element is known to be whole centuries ahead of the | supine Turkish people. And the mentality of that radical element is a composite jumble of the most be- wildering and contradictory ideas of the elghteenth, nineteenth and twen- tieth centuries. Rampant bolshevism and extreme nationalism, militant theosophism and dull agnosticism, rank materialism and self. idealism, are but few of the our prolific_age that form the in- gredients of the mental gccumula- tion of the present-day Turkish lead- er. And what better illustration of the working of this jungled mental- ity than the fact that at the very time of the solemn abolition of tie Islamic tradition hundreds of Chris- tians are induced or forced to em- brace the faith of Mohammed? More than that, the men of An- gora, who until the other day were hobnobbing and kowtowing with Lenin, Trotsky and the rest of their comrades, are indulging in the in- spiring sensation of re-enacting in Turkey the jmpressive scenes of the French revolution. The fact is that the greater part of the meager Turk- ish literature is made 1 transla- tions of French revolutionary Looks. Voltaire, d'Alembert, Rousseau, Mon tesquicu, Robespierre, Marat. ' Dan- ton are deities enshrined in the brain case of the “cultured” Turkish gen- Ueman. And_the abolition of the Khaliphate is but the negative coun- terpart of the installation of the Wor- * % = But behind this disordered medley of disjointed abstractions there is one grand causa causans which inspires every action and motion of the con- trolling group in the grand assembly of Angora—the triumphant birth of Turkish nationallsm. The delirious worshipers of the new divinity are avidly in its invigorating The western world is < gray with nationalism. when n Turkey is cutting her first on it, And nothing is to ke te thix glorious infant; every- ted to its August teeth denfed whime and caprices, It Is too varly vet to sea what the ignorant and profoundly religious masees of Turkey would have to say in regard to these changes. The populace is probably too stunned by the blow to mutter even a feeble protest. It may take some time for the full significance of the change to wink in. Shall we take as the first sign | { reaction the fact that ail the mem- | bers of the cabinet, but one, have failed to be re-clected? Yet, Mustafa Kemal. and his party, will be able to eventually rid the ligious fervor, by striking at the root of the evil by such acts as the aboli- tion of the anomalous sacred law— | may not.be his fmme diate object—the western world may | well afford to forgive him for the! disgrace he heaped on the heads of | it diplomats. both at the Mudaniz | armistice conferenca and at the more solemn peace conference of Lausanne To use a favorite watchword of a well known American editor: | ‘Look for interesting developments in_ Turkey." and the high regard of men of all tions and bloods who value a full | ', beneficently spent to promote human progress and to spread happiness around The Grand Rapids Press ‘Americans who 5o com- o vears of useful living by an acceleration in early life may learn much from the story of his famous nonagenarian.” The Indianapolis News refers to his Leing educated to be a reciuse be- of a consplcuous facial birth- . and it claims “his career is an aspiring example to all persons who believe themselves to be hampered | physically to cope with problems ! which involve close association with the public.” What it proves, as the Des Moines Register puts it, “is that anybody can rise above anvthing if he has the courage. President Bliot deliberately ignored his handicap and ilie rest of the world ignored it.” The Hartford Times mentions that he de- clined the offer of $5.000 & year from | some cotton mills to become professor at $2,000 a vear. This, the Times holds, is “typical of his whole life, for it indicates his remarkable seif- knowledge of his powers and the most advantageous direction for their application.” too great £ % x The Cinciunati Times-Star, further- more, believes “he is one of those re- markable combinations of & spirit which aspires and & mind which really thinks, that make men proud of the possibilities of hunran nature.” The Springfield Republican ig confi- dent “he has inspired the ideals of thousands and perhaps millions as to the possibilities of American citi- ! zenship; and through his noble char- acter, simple habits of life and ex- alted conception of service to his country and mankind he has always been the teacher—never more so than in the twilight of his career.” In this connection, the Portland Express notes that “it is given to but few men to enjoy an additional decade and @ half of even greater service and wider influence, and perhaps in this respect his life has been unique among all of the world's great men.” Every tribute paid to him, the Newark News is convinced, "is a trib- ute to intellect and character, qual. ities which in him are inseparable,’ because “the intellectual leadership granted to him is not due merely to the breadth of his mind and. its pene- trative discernment, for added to this and of greater value is an intellec- tua! integrity and an inteliectual in- dependence, & morality of the mind, whioh have created confidence in him.”” To which the Lansing State Journal adds, “Few, if any, parallels may be found in Such a career, con- sequently, it is fitting that the na- tion should turn to him, profit by his experiences, his teachings and phil- osophy.” The Albany News charac- terizes Dr. Eliot “a fine figure at haming those who follow the materialism instead of the " The Cleveland Plain Dealer sums up the trend of opinion that “probably no Amegican educator of the past or present serves so high a rating as Char) ‘William Eliot, and certainly no edu- cator has himself more truly an American patriot and good citi- zen.” - { man are | many i the national defense i Mr. 1924. [ COURAGE T| “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain a/m,ywul." —HENLEY. Carrie Chapman Catt went through 13any troubles of her own, then took up those of others, in her years of ef- fort. 8he, as Carrie Lane, was born on a farm near Ripon, Wis, and as a girl had to help with the housework. When she was seven her parents moved to Charles City, Towa, and she attended the public school. At fourteen she taught school and saved her pennles to pay her way at college. At Iowa College, at Grinnell, she was the first girl to deliver an oration. While a student she earned all but $100 of her way. Graduating when twenty-one, she became principal of a high school at Mason City and a year afterward was appointed superintendent of all Ma- son City public schogls. g Three years later she was married to Leo Chapman, editor of a Mason City newspaper, and became joint owner and editor of the paper. Mr. Chapman’'s health failed, and a year after their marriage they rold th Dewspaper and started for San Fran- claco. Mr. Chapman died a year , and she was left alone in a strange city, 2,000 miles from home, She became an advertising solicitor and was the first woman reporter on a trade jour- nal In San I'rancisco, Returning to Jowa, she, at twenty- elght, made her first speech for suf- frage, then spent two years as state organizer for the lowa suffragists. Her campalgns in other states fol- lowed, then she went to I where she was consulted by st men and political leaders. In_New York she married George W. Catt, an old Grinnell schoolmate, who had gone east and become a mil- lionaire. He greatly aided her in her suffrage work, hut died in 1905 after a long illness with a baffling discase. Mrs. Catt founded the International Suffrage Alliance, which comprised twenty-six countries, and was its first president. She also was president of the National Woman Suffrage Asso- ciation, and the directing head during the closing vears of the battle for adoption of the constitutional suf- frage amendment. (Copyright, 1924.) Tax Figures Disputed. Articles on War, Navy and Veter-| ans’ Bureau Held Misleading. To the Editor of The Star: In your paper for the past several months there have appeared various articles, written by John F. Sinclair, entitled, “Can your taxes be cu Among these articles have appearcd several concerning the War and Navy departments and the Veterans' Bureau purporting to set forth the costs of these agencies of the government. These articles, however, are so full of erroneous statements and mislead- ing figures that 1 think they should be corrected, especially as few people actually know the facts and are apt to accept Mr. Sinclair's state- ments as correct I note a m: Legion has a the figures given connection with the The erroneous sta resentations set illustrative of ihe and misleading statementa in Mr. clair's articles concerning the and Navy departments. Refereace to War Coxts. In his Chapter XVII Mr. Sinclair re- fers in length to expenditures and costs of the late war and goes Into details as to what this huge sum of money would do i the way of new schools, better homes and other more desirable needs tha being used for war purpose line of argument is som Tor the pacifist line. 1t is admitted that people took advantage government n an emergencs there were indiserimi tures. but our entering was certainly justifiable and for our own_future prote What good would additional additior salaries and pro . gested by Mr. Si bow to the and pay indemnity possibl times greater than our war ¢ Chapter XVIII is 5o misleading that 1 will not attempt to take up every- thing in it. However, I wish to poi out that it is quite unfair to char: the War Department with the intere on the late war debt. There should be a separate analysis of the penses of the War Department. terest on the war debt should not he that " but on of 1ce of at part reurr v the American ption to a Toreign dic included. Mr. Sinclair states +$798 out of every $1.000 for war he does not show what prope this in for the present mas nd_w of it im interest on a debt a result of our folly in th not properiy preparing our: war. “Burden of Preparedness.” Notwithstanding a4 big v debt, Sinclair goes on to attempt to show that our present preparedness program is an enormous burden. His statements would lead one to believe that we had a force of men on our pay rolls, while in fact we have a small force of regular troops only 000 officers and 111. men at of 12 present. the fact that many of our professional soldiers are performing duties of a civil nature, but paid from War De- partment appropriations. i‘urther- Iore. he does not separale the many non-military_activities of the War Department from the national defense activities. If this were done (Me cost of national defense would be so small that it would not be worth considera- tion, as compared with the ather big expense cnterprises of the govern- ment. It is noted that Mr. Sinclair states thut the War Department gets $100 out of every thousand, but he does not show how much of this $100 goes to the Panama canal, rivers and har- bors improvement and the salaries of the hundreds of military engineers detailed to non-military activities. The fact is the War Department gets $35 out of every thousand and the Navy gets $35; a total of $60 out of overy thousand of taxation goes into i national defense. This isa very nom- inal sum when it is considered that the natiopal government is responsi- ble for the national defenSe of the various states and the state budgets do not make any outlay for this purs pose at ali Taxew for Schools. Etec. In connection with the states’ bud- | gets, Mr. Sinclair has apparently overlogked the taxes raised by these various units, all of which goes al- most directly into schools and other state agencies for 'public welfare, None of these taxes, however, goes for national defense. this being left to the federal government by our Con- stitution. 1 think it most unjust that Mr. Sin- clair should makoe such representa- tions &s he has in his articles, and more especially in connection with a discussion of tax reduction. a subject that every one will read about. And to give such erroneous figures in con- nection with national defenss is un- fortunate in view of the present ef- forts of our various patriotic organ izations, civic associations and- citi zens to have Congress provide for Suitable national defense in order to avoid another war like the last one, which cost us nearly a hundred thou- sand human lives and so_much money. L. O. BARNES, [ — Invading Other Walks. From the New York Tribune. Bootleggers have been repudiating their debts to Scotch distillers. 1t begins to look as If criminals had been breaking Into that Industry. rope, | W |eritic | the indiscriminate ! He also fails to bring out| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN kerosene obtained coal or from petroleum?—W. H. A. Kerosene oil was first pro- duaced from canmel coal by distilling. It was called coal oil. At present all kerosene is refined from petroleum. from Q. What is the salary of the presi- dents of France and Germany G. F. D. A. The President of France re; 1,200,000 francs as salary anfl 000 francs as expenses. The salar; the President of the German republic was fixed at 1,200,000 marks, with 1,200,000 marks allowance. i | | | Q. Of what disease did Washington die?—W. N. D. A. Washington's death was caused by acute cedematous laryngitis, call- ed at that time insy. Q. Do the majority of the me of the Congress of the United have to be of the same political party as the President? As a discussion on this point took place in Scotland, I trust_you will print the answer. so that I may send copies abroad.—IL 1. A. It is not uncommon for the po- litical majority in a Congress to be of a different ‘party from the Presi- fdent. President Wilson, during his |second administration, had a Con- gress of a different ‘political com- plexion, as did President Cleveland tracks do th . On what k rt Aszociation Atite = place A A. The Indianapoli brick oval; tracks Fresno and Cotat City and Altoona are of board, while at ‘other places affiliated with the American Automoblie Association are dirt tracks. Q. When was the Marine Corps es- | tablished?—V. O. E. A. Its origin dates baek to Novem- ber 10, 1775. Q. Do many of the continental tralng run at a rate of fifty miles an hour?—A. W. A. There expresses w per hour and {continent. T Paris-Arras ¢ e< per ho miles at Aubrais-St. Fierre 65.5 miles at 52.8 n deaux-Agen expre miles per hour. Q. Wi the advice of regarding the construction the rhyming couplet?—A. D. H. A. You evidently refer to the : given poets to compose the line of the couplet firs Q seript are only four scheduled | th a speed of the hour: 1 des Corps expre les per hour: Bor- | §1.5 miles a O e a Frenclh at What on the is the meaning of the walls of the A : “When w n- They were the hingtor purpose of rea: peor shou'd i army wou t other preserye 't off the but al IN TODAY’S {prote | was % | coverea citizen and would w 50 that he m. whils a soldic Q. What v, the first g to comtinue akes of himself for a v ! variety of strawberry was wn for commercial i the United States?—A. E. lli Lioss i A. The Large Farly Sea; leading variety of u{ e from the beginning mlrawhn-r:"y growing al about 1860. As this variety was :0:"1‘ l": ship :n;}llm&nl mflrl{eu. Oll:‘:z arfoties suitable to varion . conditions have displaced l: Pty ¢ Q. Mow many Catholic England and Wales?—V A. The Roman Cathelic population of K and and Wales is 1,903,844 approximately 5 por cont of too - population tota Q. How large can a st Q. Mow large can a steamer trunx A stea by 14 in Steamship cabt Q. Wh room was the rawberry grown of coumercial bout 1800 until . are there ;i . B e mer trunk can be 36 by in order to fit into = L i the f00d value of mush F. XK. M. ish A. When fresh mushrooms bhave the following composition: Water K.1: protein fat, 0.4; nitrogen— (r"'m extract, 6; crude fiber, 0.08; ash, A u.*'.r';nm:& have about the sams tain fewer z;)fi;":uln’m but con carbohydrates’ and the nitrogen present is largely in the form of " non-albumenoids, whicy little food value W i The term is a applied to the group cen Q 0. T A hat transcendentalism?- ph uller were m The transcendental philos might be hriefly described lief that man reaches his foll t development by fixing his mind upon the highest and noblest elc- ments in life and overlooking the mean and sordid phases s a man thinks, o is he." Q. Did John Galsworthy evrr write under a nom de plume—M. W A. The early fiction by Galsworth: was published under the pen name John Senjohn Margaret G embers of tha How many persons were guil ned during the reign of ror of French revolution?—W. G. 1 no exact figures, bt o had bern nd during the nex were 1376, 1t | 4000 persons mmanner du to June, 20 executions soven weeks there ted that about ir lives in this e perind and is included in Oct Oceania, or Oceanica, was a des jon which embraced the land which remained after appor- tioning the continents of _Furasia, Africa, and the Americas. The term A . the Indian Archi- and 1 lands. Aftew las as a con cted to the he tsland ening Star con oc amswcer to any question by iomiting ta- Information Burrow. I'reder director, 1220 North Copio! ke advaniage of this frec ser: - tum posta; Al replics arc to the Diquirer.) SPOTLIGHT | BY PAUL V. COLLINS The possibility of talking with Mars | is not half so thrilling as the commu- | | nication which has come from the | . written in bright vellow upon the || pectroscope. his message has told th under right when more thin Horatio. than you t there is! ‘somet} amlet guessed he d “There are and earth lared, the great propagand lobbying in the United tates Congress for a new line of leg- | &lation, bidding fair to make safe the | s of the skies and to douhle the The sun hich is now {are | months knowing. even the tounded Helium gas is States holds . _There b | discovery ilar. magi nieus and Galileo found that t orld rolled round | monape al gas and « u for « : the first dis- | How mitch | muy t has | recentl the na ernment land Coolidge h [tion 7.100 acr: cove is there be only a po onsery annot: be i cket. YFor vears been found in small percentages in Texas gas and oll—notably near Pe -‘ i trolia, 100 miles north of Fort Worth, | { where it run as high During the war spent millions of dollars accumulate this new gas quantities to use in place o 1gen in inflating dirigible | Hydrogen -is Qangerously { Ble, while hellum is non-combustible, and has 92 per cent of the lifting power of hydrogen. the lightest s known.” A helium-filled balloon might be penetrated with incendiary bullets without danger of fire, while a single spark would explode’ hydrogen and destroy the balloon and its passen- |ers. When the Shenandoah tore Joose from. its mast in the storm a few weeks ago all that prevented a { repetition of the several catastrophes { of similar dirigible airships was the {fact that it was inflated with helium instead of hydrogen. * k o* % When the armistice ended the world war the United States govern- | ment had upen the New York docks many cylinders filled with the new | secret—this gas belng called * rg‘nn"‘ to camouflage it, but really helium. {1t was to fill war balloons. which | would have sailed immune or explosion, where hydr loons of the enemy would Lave death traps. The nation which held {such a monopoly held the world with- in its grasp. N . There is a bill pending in both branches of Congress which will em- power the government to enter all privately owned gas and oil flelds &nd conserve the hellum. The heiium extraction. from oil or gas purifies th and makes them'of greater Value than when mixed with the in- ombustible hetium. ©Oive years ago the cost of helium was $1,500 @ cubic foot; three months it ‘was $100 per 1,000 cubic feet: last December its production was re- duced to $65 per 1,000 feet, and with- fi'the next few werks it will be made ! for 3 cents a foot—as cheap as hy- drogen, aside from the fact that when it becomes polluted it can be purl- 4, as hydrogen cannot be. * k kK % . Heljum is an unmixed element. ! Every gas sends out its own pecullar light, with its own color. When all their rays are mixed we get white, light—sunlight. When a beam of sunlight passes through a spectro- scope prism each ray—having its own angle of bending or refraction—is separated frem other rays and falls { the |t was {seen b i in purs color upon the screen. Th e presence of all the gases in the sun fs differentiated. A green ltght identifies one gas: a red light another These may be recognized when met which we are familiar are -hot, S0 that they throw. nd the color of that light pectroscope s noted, Wher the same-color is found ir sunbeam it is k <un holds the same cous siate thut we have 1868, during an eclipse William_ Loc spectroscope a stri vellow light. What known imetal or gas [ that sam 1t came exclusively from Greek nam tha he_ called unf so often discounted eventually als wi heated whi out light n a s the this llow streak of the spec ad no va because it wu entific Sir William Ramsay found lement in analyzing uraniur not unite with oxyger would not burn. When it «d in the spectroscope it was duce identically the same light Lockyer the sun metal earth—"the me be hel helium it would therefc ight . “heliun ident ) the n to 1 has mi ura wh S0 was 1pon Radium is now from which off. e radium when °d to radium, but radium the latter What alehemist will s of restoring heliwm producing radium, tho priceless metal which works medici- nal miracles? Transmutation of th elements becomes again of live terest to stienti centuries the old alchemists had been “lau out of court.” o niun; been given ns with the um i n it 1 It has bee demonstrated in Ncb:" years that an atom—formally sap- posed to be the smallest unit of mat- ter—is really composed of electrons revolving around a center in orbits a far from that center, in propor tion to their size, as are the cart and the other planets from the sun Now it is found that the heliun atoms are infinitely small and can bs so_charged with electricity that they will bumbard those speeding clectrons and knock them ont of their orbits, into new combinations, constituting new substances. Let the skeptic asi Ramsa: Soddy or Rutherford, or the scientists of the United States bureaa of standards, * * ¥ Hellum has been liquefied by Kum- merlingh Onnes of Leyden by reduc- ing its temperature to 5 degreca Fahrenheit from “absolute zero.” Onnes has further reduced the tem- perature to 1 degree above “absolute zero,” hoping to solidify it, but witl) out success. It boils when it is over+ 5 degrees above absolute zero, but while it i that chilly it has been jused to cool a metal ring around which a current of- electricity was started. So Jomg as the temperature was kept down™ to that of liquid helium, the eclectricity Kkept up a “perpetual motion” running around that ring. “Absolute zero” is the temperaturs of the earth if all the heat of the sun is abolished. It measures 273 de- grees centigrade, or 460 degrees Fahren- heit below ordinary zero. Since helium will not oxidize, it will not burn. From that quality will como its availability in practical af- fairs. The maximum capacity of elec- tric generators is limited by the polnt at which they heat. Alr-cooling of tho generators has a certain oxidlzi effect, deleterious to some metals. encasing generators and putting them, inside of their cases, in an Rtmosphere of helium gas, it will bé possible to keep them cool and so double their electric generating capacity. (Copyejght, 1924; by Paul V. Collina.)