Evening Star Newspaper, February 25, 1924, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR'"‘“' by a readjustment of forms of both the Germans and the Frenc: an ‘thm would have been no occaslon for With Sunday Morning Ed'tion. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.....February 25, 1924 . THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor | taxation to secure the slight benefit to itself and Maryland of tag reciproc- ity, and the distinct benefit to Mary- land of uniformity In gas tax. When the bill came before the House its strongest advocates were committed either to the bill as originally framed or to its approximation by a thousand- ) g Star Newspaper Company . 11th §t. and Pennsylvania Ave. ork Office: 110 East $2nd St. uilding. ondon, England. dollar exemption of the personal tax . on automobiles. The most vigorous opposition to the bill demanded from Maryland tag reciprocity for the Dis- trict as a right without the exaction | of any price payment in consideration. | In the end both advocates and op- | ponents of the bill abandoned every contention that they had made in the interest of the District and blistered | the Capital with a new additional mil- lion-dollar tax, establishing a hurtful, dangerous precedent. In the twinkling of an eye a legisla- tive Dr. Jekyll was transformed into @ legislative Mr, Hyde. ——— Deductions and Annuities, | 1| The civil service retirement act 1| ereated two parties to the procedure ", ol ey pub | Of providing for the compensation of | a1 resorved. ' | veterans of the public service who | = ch a certain age and are relieved | The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is delivered by cits af . cents per month: month. Orde:s ma; phone Main 5000, siers at the end of e Rate by Mail—Puayable in Advance. Maryland and Virgis Daily and Sun Dally on'y Sunday only ction is made by I mouth. All Other States 0 ;1 ma, $5¢ (00 1 mo., §he 100 1 mo., 25¢ ember of the Associated Press. l credited neroin A ] from active duty. These are the clerks in active service who contribute lui the fund by a deduction of 2% per mals talked with. man to point &, cent of thelr pay in monthly instal'- his heneflt, the master of i ments, and those who pass into re- ed a conference of the|tivement and draw their annuities fowls, and thus addressed | from that fund. The government is max approaches, my [ merely a trustee, assuming no finan to have [ cial responsibility save as custodian | served to my di nd adm; The vernment, | hed gu at dinner. 1 have makes the terms of the con- called you together in order that vou | the rules for its enforce- may have 2 full and frank conference It is now usked to change the among yourselves 1o determine | to grant a larger and slightly whether for this festive occasion you | more adequate compensation for an- prefer to be rousted, fricd, boiled m-'mm.\' to the retired employes out of Bretled Frankly, T think y ought | the fund, which proves to have Ween | to back enthusiastically and unani-|more than lew- a8 large as necessary, mousiy my proposal that If the annuities prescribed under roasted, But euch in By of e retirement svs- | sideration for vour em are as hi hould be patd then § that if after conference you prefer | the amount of deduction from the pay | 10 be fried or brojled I will vield my | ©f the active cmployes is too high. It reference for reasting in deference { 18 unfair to take as much as 235 per w vour {cent of the pay of the active workers | “But we do not wish to be Kilieg, | 1P Order 1o maintain a fund from rd d in any fashion) cx.|Which they, when they do retire, can elaimed the barnyerd folk with one | S4In only a pittance that calls for only s a little more than 40 per cent of the “You wander from th fund, P the Sters Nobody ean fairly claim thut the an- T ae——" nuities paid to the retired eniployes sespectful” are high. They range from $86.40 to! The § Even the highest figure is a { pitifully small amount. It does not sut- fice for actual maintenance i the case of a veteran worker and his wife, There is no “liberality” in a system which forcibly takes 2% per cent out | of the salarles of the active employes in order to pay these insignificant | ums to the retired people and mean- | while pile up a surplus of 60 per cent {in the Treasury. The United States {Bas the use of this surpius money. It has the authority, through the Secre- tary its own securitles. It is not held In a strictly segregated fund. It passes into the general funds, and ls simply segregated on the books as a Hability An Option as to Form of Death. In the days of rfable when the ani- arm ¢ ard i roof heing Yo are you be tender con- slightest wish expressed desir cook subject,” re- “Your answer irrelevant and dis- ed citizens’ organizations of Wash- have declarcd them- the new million- X have in the main voted e und reject it unles gas- | APy ated in form to the ch dollar 5 opacs tax Ll missioners ties. The nd authori- Senate District subcemmit- | are nd with the upathetic y tenderest considera- tion for your 1 scnsitiveness. Several nicthiods of exacting this tax natu, ment THE_EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D.' G, MONDAY, -FEBRUARY 25, 1924 would have been unchanged, the experts to meet. Thus, In the view of this authority, Ruhr occupation has succeeded through its faflure. It has been justl- CAN YOUR TAXES BE aiT? A Series of Articles on the Cost of Government; Where the Monev oes. and Why. fled by the results that are now de- veloping. It clarifled the situation by teaching both French and Germans a been enormously expensive, but if it has led to the acceptance by the Ger- mans of the inevitabllity of payment, and by the French of the necessity to compromiise to the point of Germany's ractual abiliy to pay, it has been, in- deed, 2 wise and beneficent move. The Munich Trial. Tamorrow an interesting judfcial show will le staged at. Munich, when | Ludendorff, Hifler and some other participunts in the “becr Ll putsch™ of last November will he put on for treason. All Germany is on tiptoe cver the affair, both because of the prominence of the leading defendant and the possibility of Startling dis- closures vegarding the backing of the “putsc Ludendprif's friends, it seemns, have endeavored to create an atmosphere of sympathy for. him by getting a Marshal Hindenburg in his fowor. But the old chicf has declined to take a stand for or against his former licutenant. In a statement just published he expresses the hope that the drial may shew that “all the uctions of my dear comrade and aide were inflaenced solely by love for the tatherland.” \ Apparently there is no expectation that Ludenderff will be severely pun- ished. There can be no doubt of hi connectiun with the Hitler movement. which sought to overthrow the gov- ernment in Bavaria in the monarch. ical intarest. He was right in the front of it. the proclamations. prisoner with the other leaders on the occasion of the rathskelle revolt. But even so, it is believed that if con- victed, which would seem o n, will get off with a reprimand, while Hitler, the real leader and fomenter of the “putsch,’ likely to bLe nelled from the state as an “undesir- -tble forelgner,”™ he heing an Austrian ci He was taken Memery of the trial Leipzig of German officers accused of war crimes will be revived by this procedure at Manich. It will be interesting to see if there is any difference in the treat- those who are accused of crimes against the German state and those whose offenses were committed against the people of other lunds. It may be doubted whether the oil of the Treasury, to invest it in | Scandal could be any worse, but there 1. Foreign debts. . is evidently more of it. SHOOTING STARS. His name was used in an | hel BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR, Author of “Can Europe Hold Together? ,lesson. Fortunately it has been a prac- | tically blcodless occupation. Thero has been some disorder, with sacrifice of comparatively a very few lives It has | CHAPTER L From $1.20 Tax Per Capita to $31.80, George Washington went down from his home in. Mount Vernon, which 18 just across the Potomac river from the city,of Washington, the present capital of the nation, to New York city, and on April 6, 1739, took the vath of office as the first President of the United States. That oath of office was taken on Wall |Street. Just 100 feet across the street from wherc the present office of J. P. Morgan & Co. is located, The government was new. It had {no departments. Finances then, as {now, were of first importance. It is [not surprising that on Septeraber 2, {1738, un act was passed by Congress |esteblishing the Treasury Depart- [ment, mod led somewhat after the lines already laid down by Robert | Morris,” the “able superintendent of finance during the period of confed- eration Ceorgo Washington was a rich lman-—one of the richest of his day. { He usked to scrve as President with- {out pay, but Congress gave him $25, 1000 a year, ‘rica then was poor {and 1.ad 0 with debts, both domestic iand foreig i hiad done it. The individual thirteen in number, | wer 15 ed with debts. The breaking on 1t are we going to do with this heavy debt?” Washington is reported {to have usked a close friend. ‘The but one man United is Alexander Hamilton, friend. Oh September 11, after the cr in the to the United Stat s Senate the name Alexander Hamilton for his ecret ry of the Treasury, H veen adjutant to Washington during the revolution and Washington knew his whilitios Dibt 6 Per Cent of Wealth. ifamilton. orphan of "the West Indics, amall of stature, yet graceful, nagnetic, versatile and imperial, ac- ted the office. He was now just (thirty years old and recognized as the ancier of his day. It n that, “reusoning from principles, in close ar- s unsurpasscd =lHght body lay a soul of ard less | This government given spectfic powers b Etates. The states r owp rights. out of sorts 3 articles of confederat | encouraging passionate and bound- had been the several :lous of ion had not It only added to +ir anxiety The finances were in ifusion. No one seemed to know how the finances were to be handled. Public bonds of the states sold as low as 12 cents on the dollar. Could Hamilton unravel this discour- aging tangle? He et to work and for four months said nothing. Then, on January 14, 1790, he issiicd his memorable repert n public credit. It is one of the jmost fumous und interesting reports in our history. In a nutshell, the new republic owed the following debts: $11,700 600 40'760,000 2,000,000 00,600 Domestic d -bts Unfunded paper. te debts. $76.400.000 | i | i 1789, nine days ' financial r ion of the Department' mapped ont o® Finance, George Washington sent|men followed. first | stoon had | nat onal 1] In his! tory. | | { poses was $1.20 per annum. ! | i { reaching effect with Thomas Joffer- son. It was this: Jefferson agreed to get the two represcntatives from h's state of Virginia to vote for the full payment of state bonds. And Hamilton agreed in turn to use his| influence to get the permanent cap- | Ital of the nation buil tomag river. This is the first big rfl"vlnl.' in Amerfcan hist “ngrely successtal. too. e’ Hamllton program a1l ob'igations—both: atate ane’ tonal—was passed, and the ocapltal of the natlon Is built on the Po- temac, Just ‘as Jofferson wished. ' Hamilton lost no time In refunding thie large debt. From February 1 1790. to June, 1792, he negotiated six uternational loana in Holland amounting to 19.500,000 florins at an average of about 4% per cent an- nual interest Within the new coun. of America he sc 2. of United States homrg o $22.000.000 In jthe meant'me’: Humilton mated the Internal 'revenue for the firet vear At $5350800 1 miy a poor guess. Less than $100.000 was returned to the Treasury from that source. , Frem 179i-1739 ths averago was $427.000. It was Albert Gallatin, the fourth Secretarv of the Treasury, who sald In one of his re- t on the Po- plece of log ory, It mwas esti- ports that it cost 34 per cent of the; revenue to collect it during the early years of our national life. 1800—ten years later—it cost 19.47 per cent to collect the internal rev- enue. Custom dutles—not internal revenue—came to Ham'lton's. rescue. Hamliton Charted Way. The early policy of the nation. as Wwho can tell you—that ; championed by Alexander Humllton, replied the fis important for us to know. s Ham titon cut his way through the dense woods of his time. He new territory. Other He solidly for two prégrams of development—a protective tariff and Indiret taxat'on. That he did his work well, no one will-deny. The protective tariff of todav is more “protective” than ever. ama indirect taxation raised nearly all the ex- penses of our national governmeént up to our entrance ‘nto the gran war in 1917. Sinee then both direc* 1 Indirect have been used. though greater amount raised since 1917 been direct. . To return again to our early his- The first administration of George Washington, lasting four years, cost the people of the United States an average of $5.000.000 a ear. Of this amount, approximately per cent went to Pay Interest on the public debt, 30 per cent went for military expenses. including soldiers® pensions arising out of war. MMili- v expenses and Interest absorbed per cent of the cost of government, even in our early history. In 1790 the per capita t x for natlonal pur- It seem- €d iike a big problem In the days of H-milton. It was supposed to be al- most too big to solve. That was in Hamlilton was a conservatlve. ' 790, From Alexander Hamilton, first Secretary of the Treasury in 1790, to Andrew Mellon, present Secretary of the Treusury In 1924, s a far cry Instead of raising $1.20, we raised $31,50 per capita in 1923 In_1790 the government was spending $1,600 a day for all purposes. Today we are spending $24.000 a minute. Hour Now, Equals Month Then. The government of the United States 1s spending more money every forty-eight hours than the govern- ment of George Washington did dur- ing his first four years. e spent more every four minutes in 1923 than iBtanton for the informatifon he so Even in|Gen. Henry L. Simpson, | Willfam B. Parsons, Brig. Gen. Milton | i i Ex-Service Men and- Adj‘usled Compensation Anti-Bonus League Not Repre- sentative of Veteran Sentiment. To the Eq'tor of The Star: I wish to thank Mr. Charles , Q. 8hould a flag be flown at half-- [staff ‘on Washington's birthday?— C. N A. " Memortal day s the only anni- versary when the flag files at half- staff in the United States. Flags kindly offers in The Star of February | 15. His statements. are Interesting ‘h: fl:e extreme, but they lack & COM-: oy 4t halr.staff on the 224 of this vincing tome. This Is a fatal defect Of . poy oo’ 4y omelal mournine for jall of the specious propaganda dis- i y;o4row Wilson. :en:lln’x;;ed by the Ex-Service Men's Q. How many people are cimployed ntl-Bonus League, Inc. the United |, “ag opa)i Field's, in Chicago?— States Chamber of Commerce and kindred organizations. b The ‘Marshall Fteld Co; With regard to Mr. Stanton's| - The Marshall Field Company s says that the number of employes Istatement that a very smat pereent-\ (233 FUC S5 SEECRE B0 STRONES {age of this anti-bénus leaguc were|Jduring December the pay roll is. be: commissioned above the rank of|tween 14000 and 15.000, while In Feb- captain, 1 must confess that I have ruary it rune from 8,000 to 10,000, no statistics .on this organization with which to combat his assertion. ! No one of my acquaintance has any personal knowledge of this league, Bescnd jthe &sticles’ whichjjare "“".nc-nce of an allegorical nature. In prominence In the newspapers. This|uG . Watts" by: Hugh Macmillan solitary small band who are {n op-[there Is an Interpretation of the position to all of the real soldlers | painting, portions of which we quote- orgunizations, is too negligible a fac- | “We perceive that, while the attitude tor to mer.t extended.discusgion, . It 'is woebBegoue, it s not so listless as it was organized by New York business|appears. There is a_great deal of {Apterests, and financed in the same |latent energy in it. It Is beginning imanncr. Let mé name some of thelto be stirred with fresh strength and memuers of their ad isory board, all|though the eves are altogether hid- wealthy, and ali ldentified with Newlden % ¢ ¢ One star shimmers in the ! York business interests, as published | itmness, prophetic of that morning in the American Legion Weekly: |star into which Hesperus will be Brig. Gen. Avery D. Andrews, Brig. |cnanged, and which will yet lead Brig. Gen.|to the cradle of a new birth of joy and light and bledsedness.” Speaking of the fact that the lyre has left but one “string, the author says: “One string Is always left, however empty and desolate may be the Iyre of life | on which the still, sad music of hu- manity may be playeds and from this | the other strings are to be tuned in | happier clrcumstances * * * Hope | £togps and etralns to hear the note | of the oue string of her lyre—the con- | centrated music that can come from the ‘remaining chord. We might Sup-“ pose that by “placing the figure of Hope on the summit of the globe | Watts meant to indlcate the univer- | sality of the grac: . _What is the present condftion of Jary. Washingfon's sraver—cC. Q. Please explain the significance of Watts' palnting called “Hope."— A G I A. Many critics have “thought into” Watls' painting varying signi- | F. Davis, Col. Francis L. Robbins, jr.: Lieut. Col.. Newwold Morris, Lieut. Col. L, non Plaut, Licut. € Ben- jamin F. Castle, Maj. George Brokaw Compton. Maj. Wililam IH. Kobbe nd Maj. Boudinot Keith. In addition to the American Leglon, the Veterans of Foreign Wars at their last convention passed s resolu- tion indorsing emphatically th Justed compensation measure. Every recognized organization of’ war vet- erans had gone on record as indors- g this legisiation, LR O The American Legion alonc, accord- ing to the latest Agures 1 rocall, com- prises nearer 25 per cent than 10 per cent of the total body of ex-service men. The disaffection within its ranks may possibly amount to as much as one-tenth of one per cent, all on the eastern seaboard, and prac- tically all centered in New York city, where all this clamor originates. Twenty-five posts opposed to adjusted compensation, as against the total of 12,000 posts of the American Legion, is realiy a very smail percentage. Does Mr. Stanton dispute this? In stating that 30 per cent of the ex- ervice men are not enrolled on either elde 2r. Stanton has overshot his mark badly. Ex-service men everywhere, organized and unorgan- ized, have deciared themselves in favor of adjusted compensation. It is a notable fact that an overwhelm- ing majority of the members of the House "of 'Repre entatives of the United States, at the Sixty-eighth Congress, arg committed to the legls- lation under discussion, as well as M08t of the senators who were suc- cc aful at e last elections. Even New York could not return Senator Calder. who was opposed to adjusted compensation. but sent in tead Sen-!that of St. George, patron saint of ator Copeland, who is outspokenly| England, were combined. This was in favor of this legislation. Veterans|the first union juck, as it is general- of the late war had a powerful volce | ly termed, although, strictly speaking, in this result and these men know (the name of the flag Is “great union.” it. They will carry out their pledges | being a jack only when flown from to the people of their di tricts, re-|the jackstaff on a ship of war. James gardiess of the Inspired: clamor now |I always signed his namé “Jacque: resounding. * ¥ ¥ ¥ It is stated that a handsome monument has been erected on the site of the burial place of Mary Wash- ington, near Fredericksburg Va., and that the ground is well cared for. Q. Can kelp be used in basketry?— 3. E. McK. A. The Department of Agriculture says that it knows of no process which will make the kelp sufficiently pliable so that it could be used for basketry. Q. How many radio sets are in op- eration?—W. N. D, A. This is a matter of conjecture, but an estimate has placed the num- | ber at 3,000.000, which gives a poten- tial radio public of 10,000,000. Q. Why and where was the term “union jack” first used’—B. W. A When the union of the crowns of England and Scotland occurred, | upon the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne as James I of England the cross of St | Andrew, patron saint of Scotland, and } In 1870 Mrs | the —_— ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. And 1t is belleyed in many quarders thdt the jack and jackstaff of the navy derive their names fact. Others contend that * used as carly as the close of the siz- teenth century. Q What were the tion clalms?—C. R. I A French _epoliation were ms on_ the French spolia- Zovernment by American merchantuq for the losses of ships and cargoes, 17331800, at the hands of the Frencl. Between 1800 and 1885, fitty bills to reimburse the claimants or their descendants were brought befors Congress and appropriations were twice voted, but in each cate vetoed by the President. No redress was ob- tained until 1885, when the adjudica- tion of claims was given to the Court of Claims and decisions werg reached awarding the sum of $4,800,- 000 1o the petitioners. Q. How long a ride is it from uXor to the heart of the valles where the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen is located?—C. B. H. A. A motorist can cover the dis- tance in about twenty-five minutes Q. Please give data concerning Vie- torfa Woodhull and her sufirage work—E. M. C. A. Victorla Woodhull (Mrs. John B. Martin) was born In Homer, Ohlo, 1538, daughter of n and Roxana Hummel was_educated in Ohio s and married twice Canning Woodhull, wha In 1876 she married who died {n 1897. Woodhull opened a banl: on Wall street, New York eity, and In 1871 memoralized Congrees on ths subject of woman's rights. She was associated with Tennessce Clafiin (Lady Cook) in publishing Wood- hull and flin's Weekly, and was nominated for President on equal rights ticket In 1 After her fec- ond marriage, Mrs. Martin mads her home in England and published the Humanitarian Magazine in London With her daughter she toured Great Britain and the United States, lec- turing for woman suffrage, psychol- ogy and other matters. She founded with her daughter the Woman's In- ternational Agricultural Assoctation, and was instramcntal in founding the Ladies’ Automobile Club of England. Q. What is the name given by the | patives to the Valley of Kings?—A- A. The name applied by the natives is Biben el Moluk Q. When was the law passed Nevada providing for the executl of criminals by lethal gas?—F O. M. A. The act was passed in 1921. Q. How old is Tammany Hall?— G. B. N. A. The Tammany Soclety was founded May 12, 1783, a8 “a fra- ternity of patriots,” and was divided into thirteen tribes, corresponding to thirteen original states. It wielded a_powerful influence In na- tilonal affairs, though it was not untll Boss Tweed gained control of | the organization, in 1870, that it be-/ { came emblematic of boss rule and policies. Q,E“‘hn.( part of milk is whey?— M. E. A. Whey is the watery part of milk left from cheese making. (Let The Star Information Bu- reaw answer your question. Send your query to The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, direo- tor. 1226 North Capitol street. The only charge for this seivice is 2 cents in stamps for retwrn postage.) What _should be done about this| debt? Should men who had pur-, chiused bonds for 15 cents on the dol- and of spending the revenue from it |in” trugteeship. It Is unquestionably ere suggested. We favor the creatic Nl to the interest of the government to of a special street improvem The Chamber of Comtnerce of the United States took a referendum voté' some time ago to determine the sentiment of its members on Washington spent on his navy in four years. We may be young in > nancial pikers. nd | . be pald back 100 cents on the| Ye4rs. but we are no pLiers uent fund | keep that surplus large by continuing No Escape, {doiiar? "Was the government organ-iAs & natinal government we ate from the proceeds of the gas tax, and | tne 235 per cent deduction while pay-|UPon a long and weary day T thought | 12¢0 to protect the money specu- | rni i £ is a government of the people, for{adjusted compensation, with th ol e " . ator? y sted, pro . £ s L e re« we arc inclined to espect that you {yng the inadequate annuities. T'd try to get away from all the | oty oo, |t W4S BOUY eontested: prol o peopie und by the peopie—with Wwill back this proposal enthusiastically. | Byt this matter is not to be viewed | BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS $1,200,000.000. 1 18 1t The cables bring the unwelcome re- | German dynasty on the throne (put ! It that 4,116 of the local chambers » vengeance. Can we stand the pace? |SU! sorrow and disn | At this time the nationa! wealth | & Eecess.lry for us to stand it? If ;of commerce voted in favor of the However, if as intelligent men ¥ou'!grom the standpoint of the govern- lwas osiimated to be can ceally bring yourseives to prefer | ments interest. It has no “rights” in gome other verbal expression of this|tne premises as against those of the tax, we will probably defer to you. 8o public service workers, active and re- tell us exactly how you wish to be | tired, whose affairs it is managing. It taxed, and be quick about it.” Organized Washington, finding aitrustee’s point of view. Is it neces- responds: “But we do not wish | sary to make 8o large a deduction of any new million-dollar gas tax, how- | pay in order to make &o smail a pay- ever raised or howev spent. Our ! ment? Is it necessary to keep the an- share of the cost of meeting our neg- nuity so low while the fund is ac- lected street improvement needs, ac-| cumulating at the rate of millions of | cumulated in the war-time, has algojlars annually? ready been coliected from us, and; Congress is now asked to answer lies in the Treasury as part of our ac- | these questions. Proposals are pend- cumulated five-million tax surplus. A, ing before it for a change in the scale million dollars annually, even if used | of the annuitles. They must be con- locally, constitute far too high a price ! sigered or the United States govern- to pay for Maryland tag reciprocity, , ment will be in the position of a which our legislature, if it were as d voted to our welfare as the state legis- | nearly four years of operation it s latures are to their states, weuld have | plain that the percentages in the or- long ago compelled Maryland to estab- ; ganie retirement act are wrong. They lish for nothing. We weré told that { should be changed now to give the the settlement of June 29, 1922, mark- | apnuitants something closer to a liv- ed the limit of Immediate new tax- !ing compensation after their years of exactions from us, and that for at least ' gajthful service, five vears we were to enjoy fiscal | peace. This new million-dollar tax, | worded and imposed with reckless | People in Burope eay American poll haste, violates the spirit of this com. | 1ic® IS hard to understand. Americans promise peace scttlement of 1922, over- | themselves occasionally find it so. throws the financing system _estab- | lished by the new organic act, and; Far from being brought to trial, ex- blisters us wantonly with a new mle(xlser ‘Wilhelm has managed to es- when all the nation clamors for and | cape even being investigated. is decuring tax-reduction. Do not| make us choose the form and wording | Fears of foreign entanglements have ©of a new tax, since we do not wish | faged away in the presence of domes- 0 be new-taxed at all.” e complications. Says the Senate District subcom- mittee, mildly but firmly: “You wander B from the only question at issue.” Ruhr Occupation Justified. If Congress is really going to im-| Charles G. Dawes leaves no cloud pose a new million-dollar tax upon the ; of doubt respecting his views when he District, in violation of«the implied!Speaks. He is one of the most explicit pledges of 1922, and of the definite, men In public life today. He has a proportionate contribution system on, Simplicity and directness of state- the 60-40 ratio established by the new . ment and a pungency of phrase that organic act, the wording of this vitally , 8dmit of no misinterpretation. He has important new law should be con-!just added to his record of definite sidered and framed with thoughtful | declarations by a distinct avowal that deliberation. It is inconceivable that'it is he who said that “if the French there should be reckiess haste in, Were notin the Ruhr we experts would framing such legislation on the pre-|not be here.” Some question had been text of necessity to act with !‘mnllc.ralued as to whether it was he or speed in order to secure tag-recl-| Reginald McKenna, head of the sec- procity with Maryland. {ond committee of reparation experts, There is a certain attractiveness to! who attributed the present favorable the suggestion that from the proposed : situation Wwith respect to war pay- pax .2l wreckage of the new organic ments by Germany to the presence of ect of 1922 the Commissioners may ' French troops in the Ruhr. Gen. emerge with a million dollars or more ; Dawes says he does not know whether ennually to be spent entirely at their , Mr. McKenna said it also or not, add- discretion on the making, improving, Ing. “But as far as I am concerned I paving and lighting of roads and did, and I stand pat on it.” treets, & power which might enable| It is not of much moment just who them to ignore or nullify the unjust:said it. Whether Gen. Dawes or Mr. and development-hampering Borlard McKenna made the statement, it is law and which would permit them true. ‘This {8 the way Gen. Dawes puts quickly to rectify the neglects of our ! the situation: The Ruhr occupation legislature to meet the city’s street made the Germans realize that they needs elther from current appropria- i must pay up to their capacity, which ——————— —_——e—— Which now expand. I read about fuventive skill and big machines that bring a thril, with coge and levers never still, Throughout the land. ! must look at the matter solely from a { My fancy floated far from here, where | men and methods seem so queer and often leave but little cheer For patient tofl. As happy I began to feel, a paragraph chanced to reveal how each ma- chine that turns a wheel 1s using OIL! 1 favored science for a change. Through centurles it bade me range to times when everything was strange Upon this earth; profiteer, an unjust steward. After | TO days before the pace was set by ! which a few win every -bet, while others find it hard to get Their money's worth. Geology! That was the theme reveal- ing Nature's wondrous scheme more fair by far than any dream Of strife and spoil. Then came another of those shocks that turn your mind to deals in stocks. The spaces underneath those rocks Are tull of OIL! Alas! Whatever I may choose, for con- solation, to peruse, seems linked up with the daily news Of deep distress. 1 sought the stories, ever dear, of patriarchs who strove to cheer with noble thought the strug- gling sphere ‘Which we possess. But here more complications came concerning things which feed the flame beneath the brew of fitful fame And make it boil. For just as I was going fine T struck 2 most depressing line with ref- erence to Corn and Wine— And also OIL. Lining Up. “I understand that you are having trouble keeping your party in line out home.” “‘You are misinformed,” replled Sen- ator Sorghum. “The party's in line all right, but I don't know whether T'll be able to persuade it to march my way.” Jud Tunkins says he hopes they won't discover any new continents around the north pole until they've got the old ones elsewhere in better running order. No Hasty Departure. Sald A, “Your' resignation’s due.” Said B, “I disagree with you. But if I go, this much I'll tell, "Twill be & lingering farewell.” tions or, so far as the District’s share is concerned, from our accumulated | tax surplus. If the gastax bill Is to| become a law this provision, carefully and deliberately worded, should In jus- tice be made a part of it. But in view of recent experience who can blame the District for doubts and fears concerning the.shape in which the proposed new law may emerge from conference? The Dis trict agreed to-increaso somewhat jts 1t appeared they had not intended to do until the French troops entered the Ruhr; also the year's stay in the mony in politics?” Ruhr has brought the French to un-| «y say this much,” replied Miss derstand that occupation itself is not ;Cayenne. *‘Most of the discord Is being producing reparation payments andcreated by the tenors and bagses; not caused them to recede from the stand | by the sopranos and altos.” taken demanding enormous immediate . " sums and prepared them to consider | “I likes to go to church,” said Uncle easier terms of settlement than pre. | Eben. “At present it's 'bout de only viously. If the French had not taken | place I kin feel perfoctly safe ‘bout the Rubr the state of mind of | believin' all I-hear” Hurmony, “Are women contributing to har. i | The publio debt was about cent of the total wealth. The an- jnual debt charges before being con- solldated were $4.580.000—a large sum for those Cays. He Rolled Logs d Paid. Hami'ton decided to pay the debts, dollar for dollar, but not until he bad made a political deal of far- ! , Gen plenty of time to demonstrate that {his work as “clean-up" police head of Philladelphia is real, and that be s doing a good Job, editors inclinc to the bellef that he has soived a serious municipal problem. Of course, it is realized that he has.a long time still to go. But the fact that he actually ras the police doing police duty and defying the poiiticlans s something new in American politics. This feat alone s said by editors to demon- strate what can be done when reform is in the saddle. “Our hats are off to the hard-hitting marine.” asserts the Kalamazoo Ga- zette, “for he Is demonstrating, In Philadelphia, that the job of house- cleaning can be done, but whether Philadelphia profits permanently from his dramatic activities depends upon herself.” Because there was a sug- gestlon that having demonstrated what “he could do with the police the general !ought to be “given the task of {straightening out the crooked coal {industry,” the Manchester Union in- | ststs_thé time has come to “call a alt,” because “if he did he "would simply wear out his rugged soul getting nowhere.” And incidentally, the Cincinnati Enquirer feels, “In view of the ramifications of Pennsyl- vanla_republican politics, particular- 1y in the Philadelphia group, there is ground for doubting the final out- come of this clean-up. * * % ¥ “What our large cities need is a general house-cleaning extending from Philadelphia to Los Angeles, and from New Orleans to Detroit,” says the Grand Rapids Herald, but “in the final analysis the demand for a purgative must come from the pub- lic, and when a mayor or other pub- lic officlal voices it he merely echoes a_demonstrated public sentiment.’ { The Norfolk “the Philadelphia experiment demonstration that lawlessness can be suppressed to a great extent by the employment of i | & per! BOL. Smedley Butler having had how much ‘lower can we go and | stilll retain our seif-respect? 7T hese and other questions we will discuss in the coming d.y Copyright, 1924, tu United States and Great Briain by North Amer.can Newspaper Allapce. All rights reserved.) Tomerrow: The Latest Methods— For A.D. 1790, ‘Fact That Butler Is Stjll on The Job Is Very Significant the time being. and does not get ati{ the source of the evil” ~The Provi- dence Tribune also feels something along this line, because “fighting lawlessness among the criminal ele- ment is not half so difficult as figh ina corrup: and dishonest politicians To which the New York Evenin World adds, “After all, neither Phila- deiphia nor any other city-can be made over by the police alone. The civic consclousness and sense of responsi- bility must be awakened and put to work. Perhaps Philadelphia is more in need of conversion than a crusade. Maybe the fear of the Lord must be put into many not numbered among the crooks.” Then, again, as the Roanoke World News remarks, “such | campaigns merely remove part of the scum and filth which have risen to the top of a city’s life out of the mud znd rottenness at the bottom of the hearis of the people. To usher in the millennium it will be nece: the people of any city to their hearts down to their fleshy bot- toms and to keep them clean.” The Harrisburg Teiegraph, backine up Gen. Butler f om the start, expresses the view that he “is showing others how to do it, and proving that when a thing can't be done it is usually done.” thereby Influencing other Pennsylvania communities. * ok K ¥ “The sword of the soldier is essen. tially a police weapon,” the Boston Transcript holds. and “there .ls no reason why it should not be employed when other weapons fall, although to clean out the Augean stable at Phila- delphia * Gen. Butler needs to be a combination of Hercules and Haroun- al Raschid.” 1In the face of the in- evitable reaction which 1a certain to come Butler will be handicapped. the Baltimore Sun points out. inasmuch as “reform that comes from without as a compulsion is rarely enduring. Philadelphia, in the end, must re- form itself if it hopes 'to achieve anything but a sham and superficial purit The action in Philadelphia naturally attracts attention to other emergencies, and the Ann Arbor Times declares “if the marines them- | (Neb.) News bellevesselves were called out to enforce pro- is a, hibition it would be enforced in short order—anywhere and any time. Such a method might, indeed, be adopted proper methods bY |with beneficial results in some of the men who are not hampered by police | big centers of population.” department traditions.” There must | Bl conuidered In discussing the But- {ler action, In the view of the | Capital, that “he does not" havi | re-electea or reap this is said the whole stor; is told. He s not in politics. At the end of | a yell‘oht 'I1I| ‘»' s. Once In & ;Y':nevnllflel show the Butler spirit in law enforcement. Roosevelt did it as police commissioner of New York. District Attorney Jerome also. And the present mayor of icago. It must succeed to be popular, and. when it Is successful, nothing Is more pop- ular. But the men with the capacity and the courage to take this chance e_not numerous in probably never will be.” Butler—surely, Tribune, “but the chilled steel nerve of Mayor Ken- drick.’ PSS The Burlington News questions whether the clean-up can be success- ful despite the apparent sained, holding that the “clean-up merely scatters the trouble makers! .o and shifts their secene of action for of- | | | the rates of the six ‘classes A, B, C,|food administrator for the' United politics. and:D. E, “Praise for|This would have given the members argues the La Crosse [of class A, bit of credlt, too, for j government thirty years of valuable e"‘;g"‘,‘,‘,‘,l Increase the Annuities! inted, and when : To the Editor of The Star: T thank and congratulate you upon ! Back to the ma- ! vour editorial on annuities in Sun- hile men who are | day’s Star. While this bill will be of some slight assistance to the retired federal employes. I still believe the bill as originally drafted and which| Increased the maximum rate to $1,500 per annum is the bill which should adopted by the present Congress. As chairman of the committee on sta- tistics. 1 recommended an increase of and F by 100 per ~cent. who had rendered the and faithful service and presumab'y the oldest employes. the sum of $1.500 and would not have cost the govern- ment or the Treasury Department one dollar and without endangering our trust fund. It would also have en- ground ' couraged the employes and annui- ants to increase our trust fund by ‘donations, fi“.:']::n:fa: :’,"‘,_‘,‘,:"“ : as provi Be measure, with 2.657 oppo .ed. . Know- ing they do not represent thelr mem- bership. they still oppose the meas- ure. Why? Most people know. I jinlge from Mr. Stanton's remarks. that he Is what might be termed an organizer of the Ex-Service Men's Anui-Bonus League. He may be. per- téctly sincere in ' his opposition to wdjusted compensation. But he can- npt. if he wishes to be accurate, con- scientlously state that any material proportion of the ex-service men are opposed to this measure. He must remember that the east Is not the entire country and that the small membership in his 104 chartered units i not in any degree repre- scntative of ex-soldiers’ sentiment. In conclusion, I wish to reiterate my statement of several dave ago and to amplify it: Mr. Mulford and the rest of the gentlemen who ex- pre & opposition to adjusted ocom- ponsation are in an infinitestnal minority, and would, in my opinlon, feel _much more comfortable in the -Service Men's Anti-Bonus League, Inc.. where their opinions would be more in conformity with the pur- posss of their affiliations, JOHN R DOWER, Stuart Walcott Post, No. 16, A.-La COURAGE . “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul” ~—HENLEY. port that a’ new Balkan war may break out this spring between Bul- garla and Jugoslavia. The latter country comprises Serbla, Slavonia. Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Herze- | | govina, Dalmatia, Carniola, Backa and part uf Macedonia, Bulgaria is charged with harboring jrevenge for her defeat In the second Balkan war In 1913, when che and her allles of the Balkan-Turktsh war Iof 1912 quarreled over the division’ }of the spolls—the territory of Mace- donia, taken from Turkey in Europe and divided between Greece and Ser- bia, leaving Bulgaria with no reward for her part in helping drive out the Turks. ; * % * % The occasion of the first Balkan- Turkish war was the Intolerable per- secution of the Christlans of Mace- donfa by Turkey, which then ruled that -country. The great powers had permitted Turkey to continue her persecutions, lest they become in- volved In mutual quarrels after a possible driving out of the Turks. Finally the Christlan nations in the Balkans Ignored the great powers and formed an_alllance comprising Serbla, Groece, Bulgaria and Monte- negro. Each country contributed an independent army and fought an in- gependent part of the campaign, cyenwally driving Turkey out of Macedonia and of all Europe except ‘HOOVER, THE ORPHAN BOY. |cuch territory as lies o.st of & line Living first with one relative, then | drawn trom Midia on the Black sea to A le! with another, and finaly with a|Enos,of the Aegean eca This left in Turkey's stranger, Herbert C. Hoover, the or-|sion. * xR % phan, ran away to get an education. His father, an lowa blacksmith, had As soon as Turkey had been driven left a small Income, but it soon van- | from Macedonfa, Greek troops began to occupy territory thereln which ished, and the little fellow was sent to a relative, who was United States | was already In the hands of Bulgarian troops. Serbla set up the claim that government agent in Indian Territory, and had Indian boys ag companions. .| she had not received territory in pro- .portion to her victories over the Sent back to lowa, then to Oregon and the Friends' Pacific College, then | Turks, and- repudiated a secret treaty she had made with Bulgaria in 1912, left with a stranger, bis education regarding the division of territory in was neglected—and he ran away. A boy-of-all-work in a Portland real Sase of Cvictory over Turkey. The basis of this repudiation was her dis- estate office, he studled at night and at_odd hours In a room cluttere R e with boxes and bags, he buflding his 2PPAIRtment In not tem‘;‘g‘.d Foe Turkish. bed and table Trying for the uni. versity, he foun mself unprepare 30 way coached by @ kindly professar. Bilgaria, too/ was dissatanc bes Earning his way through Leland |Cause the reat pouers, tor e e Stanford University, he then worked | vening, Inwcted frat TUUCC G, b9 underground with pick and shovel, be- | S hlch “involved Silistria (a territory claimed by Bulgaria), as had been came a mine examiner and was sent agreed to as the price of Rumania's to take charge of a property in Aus- tralla. Not yet twenty-four years old, Témaining neutral in the Balkan- Turkish war. he overcame colossal difficuities and * ok ¥ X e Chia ‘a5 iub government t na direstor of mines, and ne and his wite | .Tne outcome of all these disputes passed through the Tientsin slege In | qaq the reopening of the Balkan war, Greece and Sorbla were now allgned against Bulgaria, with Turkey re- the Boxer rebellion. Back in London he was enjoying a entering as an ally of Bulgarla. Greece and Serbia won this “second pleasant life of affluence when sud- Balkan war," and thereupon divided denly his firm found itse f short $1, 000,000, due to defalcations of a mem. Hoover assumed full personal Macedonfa between themselves, leav- ing Bulgaria out of the division of all spoils of the first Balkan war. onsibility and paid every cent. It ook all of his fortune and four gruel- Turkey regalned Adrianople, whic had been taken from her by Bul- ing years of work, and he had tb start garia In the first Balkan war. in_In Australla. ¥ Sextin Russla to take charge of an estate, he found 170,000 people strug- Greece won parts of Macedonia, rt of Albania and a small part of hrace—a total of 18,700 square :ng with misery, S0 reorganized fl!‘r‘,‘-mng, Instituted relief measures miles. Serbla was put in command of 15.000 square miles of added ter- and made the mine profitable. Then itory In Mncedonia. Bulgaria was 1 to Burma, he developed the "V‘:):l:‘l greatest sllver-lead mine. forced to give up to Rumania 2,000 square miles’ of. her former domaln. posses- , and ater director general of E:.Ht:fulin Europe. Now he is Secretary of Commerce in President Coolidge’s cabinet, During-the war he was first com- missloner for relfef in Belgium, then € ¥ x ok The world war began with the murder of the Grand Duke of Austria, while on a tour of “inspec- tion” in Serbla, it having been plotted by Austrla-Hungary and Germany that Serbla was to become dominut- | ed by Austria-Hungary. It is al-| leged that the allles imagined that diplomatic head ‘Bulgarisg. they were making | way in_winning mith -its (Copyright, 1923.) —— e Public Is Fully On. From the New York Tribuse. Senator Johnson urges' the natior carefully to examine Mellon's plar for tax reduction. Shucks, Hiram the nation has examined it, and with latense Joy. T there by Blsmarck), until twenty- four hours before Bulgaria opened hostilities on Serbla. It then transpired that Bulgaria had had a secret treaty with Ger- | many and Austria-Hungary long in advance of the war. X N Bulgaria was conquered by the al- | lles In the world war, and forced to make peace in September, 1918. By that peace she was disarmed and compelled to agree to limit her ar- mies in such a way as to make her powerless ever to wage war agalnst other Balkan nations or be of ef- fective help to other nations at w: She Is limited to a regular army ,000 with gendarmeric of 16dD0 and frontier gunards of 3,000. r present actual force, including ! §11 three classes, is only 16,355. But ishe 'has potential man-power of 600090, of whom 500,000 are trained soldiers. All present units of the army may be expanded quickly to Include 'the entire man-power of the country, But she must look to outside allizpess for equipment. Bulgaria is dresm- ing of revenge and recovery of Ber domain. How will that be possible without alllances? * k¥ x When the settlement of the second Balkan war was made, Bulgaria gave up Adrianople to Turkey so willlngly, 1t is said, that suspicion arose that there was a secret understanding’ Be- tween the two countries for futwure recovery of Bulgaria's lost domains. Subsequently these suspicions were quieted by a treaty between Gresce and Turkey, November 13, 1913, which seemed to settle Balkan differences @s 10 Turkey. Then came the world war, with Turkey and Bulgaria ss allies, and Greece a pro-German tral. What secret agreements exist? * X % K 1 #4 Bulgaria in 1310 had a population’ of 4,300,000. What her present popu- lation is has not been reported. Her army strength now organized s 16,- 000. Jugoslavia has 2 population sald to number 14,000,000, and an or- ganized and equipped army of 160,000. * Yet, according to cables, Bulgaria Is taking the offensive in bringing war this spring. Gen. Burnham of Canada, after x visit to the Balkans, reported in a speech in London: “I have just come from the Bal- kans. The situation that prevails there is like a hell of madmen. What they call Jugoslavia {s a bloody pandemonium of unheard-of crueltle: of persecution, pillage, political usur- pation and the most horrible re- prisals. The population of Monte negro, the Albanians, the Mace- donians, the Croats and the Moham- medans ‘are unanimous in their hatred for the Serbian oppressor, who uses the most ignoble methods as in the middle ages. Prisons are crowded full. In Montenegro alone the. oc- cupying force has burned more than 5. houses. The population has fled to the mountains, where the most desperate guerrilla warfaro is warried qeop n. Within the last few days the Croats have decided, atter four years of re- fusal to take seats in the parliament, that they will occupy their seats and join the opposition to the govern- ment of Premier PashituL. They will aim at secession fro ygoslavia and revocation of the Itew.. treaty giving Fiume (their seaport) to ktaly. The treaty has not vet been ratified by Italy. They claim that Premier Pashitch has a secret treaty mnow with Italy by which he will abandon Croatia to Italy, if the people p:ove unruly, Italy to occupy the Adriatic portion of Croatia and Hungary the northern part. It is reported ' by Jugoslavian diplomats that the con- sideration for Fiume's delivery to Italy is an agreement that Italy shdll be neutral in all Balkan wars. . {Copright, 1924, by Paul V. Collinad . 1]