Evening Star Newspaper, December 11, 1923, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR| »; With Sunday Morsing Edition. . WASHINGTON, D! C. FUESDAY,....December 11, THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor clty that ix ectively pushing for the copwention. Ctiters: are “menticned.'” of ccurse; but New York has en or~ sanization at wark, and is even now tryiig to enlist & sentiment for itaelf among the democratio committeenmen. But: it "t handicapped. New York 1sf the: scena of the greatest financial y | aperations in.the ecuntry.: Politicians Office, 11th 5t and P w York Office: 110 East Chfeago Office: Tower Hull Burepesn Office: 16 Regent St., London, . The Evenlug Star, with the Sundy morning @Eitien, is delivered by carriers within the ity ui 60 cents per month: daily ovly. 45 eonts per month; Suidsy only, 20 cents’ per amonth. Orders tay be sent by mail e tale- ~phoms Main 5000. Colle-tion is. mude: Dy car- ¥ieca at the end of each momth. "Rato by Mail—Payable in Advanee. " Maryland and Virginis, and Sunda; y only.... Sunday only. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled the use for republication of all pews dis- tches credited to l:l: n.o':.omenv\u erdi-‘:: nesrs berein, “AlL'¥ o a¢ #pecial dispatches Rerein are Tax Relief or Bonus? ‘When President Coolidge, in his an- #aal message to Congress, said at the eloss of the paragraph devoted to eare of the veterans of the: government, *but T do not favor the granting of & nus,” it was generally felt that he would undoubtedly follow, in. another communication, with a statement of his reasons for thus disapproving “ad- Justed compensation™ for soldiers of the world war. This explanation has come in the course of his message transmitting the budget. In this sec- ond, supplementary message, the President states his reasons clearly and plainly. Ie says that the $600,- 000,000 surplus which has been. ac- eumulated during the last few years, and the $395,000,000 surplus which is séxpected the course of the next fiscal vear, should bé utilized as a basis for @ sweeping reduction of taxes, so that the taxpayers, who are “'stockholders in the business corpora- tion of the United States,” may share ia the government's good fortune and be benefited materrlly and imme- diately. The President makes plain that any mone distributed by the gov- ernment to any class of its citizens must be taken from the, pockets of the people, including the veterans themselvés. He notes that the coun- ‘try is prosperous, and that remunera- tive emplovment ts available for the able-bodied veterans as well as for othe izene. disabled veterans o} the war ihe dependents of those who Mr. Coolidge. cannot do too much. It has already ,000,000,000, and is now 00,000 annually in thei “That obligation,” he grges. “it must aund will continue to foiall in fullest medsure, and it iz one of the most important duties and privileges of the Chief Executive to minister to the wanis and needs of these wards and creditors of the na tien. But the it and uble-bodied vet- arans are offered the opportinities Gpen ta every other cltizen.” This ‘clearly draws a distinction be- tween a bonus to be paid (o every man olled during the great war, regurdless of the nature of Lis service, of the risks he ra { the hardships Be endured. of the disabilities he in- Gurred, df the losses he suffered, and proper care of and compensation for these who in that rvice were in- Jured, whose earning power was di- minished, whose opportunities for em- ployment and self-sustenance were lessened. For these latier the coun- try cannot, as the President says, do too much. It must continde as it has begun, and if possible increase its gifts and bountios and weans of suc- sor. hid spendin consideration the bonus an economic and not a mentimental basis it is plain that the country ca undertake a general undicriminating compensation for all who served in tae war without taking an immiense sum from the Treasury, with an indetinite total, or without is- suing bonde to be vepaid bereafter. In either case, tax reduction eanuot be effected. Secretary Mellon has plainly shown that fact. The President re- states it in explicit terms. Thus the issue. is presented to Con- gress In a manner that admits of no misunderstanding. On the one side is the possibility of a material relief to the taxpayers of all' degrees, amount- ing to over $300,000,000 a year, with- out impairing the solvency of the gov- ernment or causing a deficit. On the other hand, there is the possibility of paying a large sum’ ds_ua. bonus to all veterans of the wa: regardless of their physieal and financial condition, a sum that is certain 16 be duplicated the years to come, perbaps in con- antly increasing volume. : The country’'s reaction to Seeretary Mellon’s statement of this matter is pmistakable. The reaction to Presi- lént Coolidzs's brief reférénce to it in Bfs annual message was equally plain d strong. There is little doubt that i feeling will be intensified by the e expiicit. refergnce to it in his E‘dzet message. ¥ few more railway accidents wiil encourage avjators to call attention to the high safety average of alr euns-l portation. e —o—— The way Great Britain seites a resignation rumer 1s t6 fake it before the country end vote.on it. ————— -~ Convention Cities. Cleveland, it is now indicated, will be the scene of the mext republican convention. . That city 18 in the mar- for’ the privilege and honor of en- ning the delegates of the admin- party, and it has been stated that when the republican national eommitice meets here it will decide in 1§ favor. This will be a departure ‘om e practice that hag become al- 6t an ‘established rule, that of mest- 1hg ‘et Chicago. Cleveland, which has never before been the scene of & na- tional convention, is rejoiced at the prospect and is already preparing. “Meanwhile thers is no_token of the decision’ of the democratic national commitieé on the score of the meeting place of that party. New York is bid- @ing, and 1s, tn fact, ddout. ths only, hmve & dread of naming candidates im ‘an. etmosphere of' big money. After ail, as tar as the election i concerned, the. scene of a convention is of little moment. The ticket is the thing, the ticket and the platform to~ gether. Local influences play but Hts tle part in the selection of candidates and the statement of issues or polictes. Those whe influence the decisions these respects are present whether the meetings are held in San Francisco or in New York, in Ghicago or in St Louts; in Cleveland ort in Minneapelis. Some saperstitious.partisans may have @ dread of certain localities as beset by jmxes, but the real test comes in November, not in June. ————eet— Strengthen the Navy! Secretary Denby” sounds a note of warning o His ennual report on the weakness of some branches of the naval estahiishment which Congress should correct. When he solemnly as serts that the Navy of.the Unfted States “fy so {l-balanced and so de- ficlent. im cruiser strength that it wauid be put at serioys disadvantage in major eperations of'eny kind®* Con- gress will de #excusable if the warn. Ing s allowed to pass u:rheeded. He recommaends the construction of etght ten-thousanditen cruisers, point- ing eut that lacking these fast ships this nation would be at the mercy of the possessor of swift enemy raiders that would drive our shipping from the seas and sink our transports. But the Navy suffers as to' comparison with other powers in more than éne branch. It is @eficient in submarines. Secretary Denby points out that if present fovelgn programs are carried out the United States would have to build 59,000 tons of submarines ‘in order to attain tha'treaty retio. Some of the prejudice agaiust main- tainthg an adequate Navy that has existed in the past has shown signs of abating since the Washington treaty went into effect, as the possible menace of “miliarism™ has disap- peared. No reasonable man favors the burden of an unpecessanily large mill- tary establishment in either arm, but every reasonable man should recog- nize the necessify of ati least main- taining’ the Tatio of nawal strength which -that treaty entitlesiuas to have and upen which our peacesand liberty depend. ————— Sewer and Water Extension. The sewer and water departments of the District, following a leak of the board of education, have mad: estl- mates for major needs In extauding the sewer and water systems ower & period of five years. They comyute that during that time more than.six million dollars must be spent tn catch- ieg up and keeping pace .with the growth of popualation and to give t& taxpayers seme of the public service ¢or which they pay taxes. The sewer department figures that $4,500,000 will nave to be expended on trunk sewers betwaen. this year and 1929, and the water department. believes that in ad- dition to mew trunk mains two new reservoirs will be required for the storage and delivery of water. Tt computes the cost of these major. het- terments at $1.600,000. Officials of the water department say that in 1226 & new reservoir should be ¢onstructed in the northwest part of the city, and that in 1927 one should be built in the Anacostls section. The Capital has al- ready outgrown itp water and sewer services, and unless there shall be a considerable increase in expenditure it will continue to fall behind in those essential matters. Perhaps it is & great deal to ask Col. Harvey to return from the placidity of London court life to the rough-end- tumble controversy of an American campaign. If Col. Harvey could have participated:in the British campelzn he might have found home methods comparatively bland. Opponents of pricefixing intimate that the farmer will not-be satisfied until he can put up blackboards like those at the gas stations and chalk up arbitrary announcements ‘af price flug- tuations. b o ‘It Is now hinted that considerable unexpected influence in the selection of a convention city was exerted by the Chicago hotel bloc. No Train-Stop, Nine Dead. A stalled motor car on a grade cross- ing, a fastwruhning expréss train, & collision! That is the sequence of events near Forsyth, N..Y., Sunday, when nine train passengers were Kkilled. The express train was running in three sections. It was the first sec- tion that hit the motor car, from which the occupants had leaped in time to save themselves. That section was halted. The engineer of the sec- ond sectidn, signaled to stop, pulied his train to a halt. The engineer of the third section, however, ran past the warning and stop signals and crashed irito the rear of the second soction. Under the orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission, based upon the transportation ect of 192Q, certain railroads designated -must install an automatic traingtop system on cer- tain selected divisions by: the ‘st of January, 1925. Had sich e eystem been in operatfon on the division of the New York™ Certral ‘including Forsyts, N. Y., yesterday; the rear- end coilision that cost nine lives could not have occurred. Short of & failure of the system it could not have hap- pened.. : 3 One of the arguments used. in the past against the adoption of &2 auto- matio traincontrol device has been that it was possibly undependable. And yet while. this argument has been repeated and -urged in verious forms head-on and rear-end collistons have been occurring.on American raliroads ‘because the visual signal systems in use have been undependabls. Signals heve falled to show or engineers hake falled to observe them when. they:did show. AdBerence to this belief in the of the sutomstio traln stop i and the supposed mMllibility of the visual signal wystem bas, by delaying the inatallation of the automatio stop, cost hundreds of ltves and an immense sum in property. . It is even now =ald on behalf of the :New York Centrul rellroad in con- nection ‘with the Forsyth wreck that tests apd experiments made with auto- matic devices' have fafled. At the same time there ere records of such devices 'operating satisfactorily in ac- tual service. The fact is that only through such service can the mecha-’ nisms be developed and brought to the point of relative perflection and de- pendability, The rairoads themselves have been the chief. factors in delay- ing this dewelopment. Now the law | requires them to proceed, with a year's ' margin tr-n. the present, though even then the train-control devices will only be eperative on certain lines and. on certain divisions of those liges. The prayer of the traveling public is ‘that this wark will proceed speedily and will ba pressed tp the poiut of camplete equipment of all lines. The | sacrifica of lfe has already been too —————— Government Building Program. The government's need for new ‘buildings at Washington was called to the attention of Congress by the Presi- dent in his annual ‘message, and also in his message transmitting the bud- get, and the country is now better in. formed than it has been as to certain conditjons at the Capital. Throughout its history the government has al- ways been behind its needs in the matter of buildings at Washington, but at no other time has it been so far behind in this respect ms now. In his message the President said: “Many of the departments in Wash- ington need better housing facilities. “While I .do not favor at this time & general public building law, T belicve it is now necessary, in accordance with plans already sanctioned, for a unified and orderly system for the de- velopment of this city, to begin the carrying out of those plans by au- thorizing the erection of three or four buildings most urgently needed by an annual appropriation of $5,000,000." Most of the heads of departments in their annual reports ‘plead for en- larged quarters. Many of them have the same story to tell: That govern- ment-owned buildings are crowded; that much of the.government's work 1s beibg.done in private rented build- ings not -adapted to the purposes to which they are put: that these build- ings are in different parts of the city, resulting in lost motion in govern- ment business, and that they arg too much crowded with government work- ers for the cfMclent conduct of public business. Large sums are spent for rental. The only branches of the govern- ment in Washington whose executives are not vigorously applying for more epace and for government-owned quar- ters are the Navy ‘and War depart- ments. These are housed in temporary or emergency buildings set up on park jand. These temporary buildings are Gecaying, and already it i§ costing a congiderable sum to keep them in a practicable staté of repair. Their sites hould be restored to park uses. A goversment building program at Wiashington should be given early consideration he present Congrese., ————————e Thwe tormer disposition to regard Magmys Johnson as an unsophisticat- ed intkuder in the United States Sen- ate is domewhat modified by his keen appreciation of the fine points of the political geme as it relates to com- mittees. —————————— There is still & disposition on the part of monarchists to flatter the Hohenzollern family into the belief that the future holds hopes, but Wil- helm is too thrifty to undertake to fingnce his own campaign fund. w. Pinchot has told the world his views on _coal and prohibition, and is now in the position of many another man who has depended on a campaign of education. ‘Old Santa Claus is - everybody's friend, but has never performed with any great effect @s a price-reducer, —————t———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Childish Prattle. The children are so innocent! They Iove to sing end play, All free from any diacontent, Throughout the livelong day! I talk to them of Santa Claus And warn them to’be good. I use short, simple words, because T'd fain bo understood. I tell thern fairy tales betimes, 1 take them on my knee As I recite some nursery Thymes To stimulate thelr glee. And then, dlas, I hear them say— ; It {8 & cruel cut— z “Who is this antiquated Jey' He seems to'bé a nut!"* Modesty Spared. - “Whe is the greatest actor on the stage just now?” “Tactful of You,” murmured Mr. Stormington Barnes; “most tactful, to make that inquiry at e moment when I myself am ' not occupying the toards!” — “Do you think Dr. Cook discovered the narth pole?” | “I won't say that.. But I will say thiat he probably found several places in that part of the map thet didn’t look any different from the north poter. - December 15 and December 25, “Bhop early!™ ’Tis & SUMMQLS FaY, ‘Whoee joys relax B ‘When you remember you must pay Education. ““What is your favorite opers?” “I can't tell you,” replied Mr, Cume rox. “Mother and the girls haven't yet finished ‘teaching me how to pro- nounce the name of {t.” £ "It 8ar was & sho'nuff Santa Claus,” said Uncle Eben, “some follks would de providie’ foh-de famty/™ T IN TODAY'S BY PAUL V. COLLINS * In President Coolldge's message ta Congress he commended “to the fa- ‘vorable consideration of the Senate” the proposed world court, technical~ 1y known as the Permanent Court ot International Justice. warned that it “should not as- sume an artificial importance,” for, he explained, “the court is merely a conventent Instrument of adjustment to which we could go, but to which. we could not be brought. * k¥ There is no division of opinion as to the desirability of maintaining afi international court to which disputes between nations may be referred for arbitration or adjudication; but there already exists such an institution growing out of the peace confer- ences of The Hague. In what sentials will the rpro- posed Permanent Court of Interna- tional Justice difter from The Hague | Permanent Court of Arbitratign?; ‘Why has The Hague court falled to meet international needs? What as- surances are offered that the new court, It established, will accomplish more than The Hague PFermanent Court of Arbitration has accom- plished? * %ok ¥ The principle of International ar- bitration {s as old as Christendom. It was used frequently in the middle ages. In 1784, John Jay, Secretary of State of the American Confederation {and throughout Washington's udmin- Istration under the Constitution, used| arbitration _wheu diplomacy failed. ! Through Jay's counsel, the Pres-| ident sent to Congress, Webruary 9. 1730, the first presidential message urging arbitration, and Jay put h theortes into practice by negotiati the first arbitration treaty with G Britain—though its unpopularity him most of his personal pail standing. Our greatest achievement of ar- bitration was the settiement of t Alabama claims {n 1872, demonstra ing to the world the possibilities of such falr settiements of disputes which would otherwise have ended only in wars. * % % ¥ In 1573, upon the initiative of an American publicist, Francls Lieber, with the assistance of the Belgilan publicist, Rolin-Jaequemyns, the In- stitute of International. Law was founded, which a year later drafted & code of arbitral® procedure, .In 1594 there was formed, by the co- operation of members of the British parliament and the French chamber of deputies, an Interparliamentary Union. In 1825, this union adopted Tegolutions which, togctber with the resolutions of the Institute of Inter- | national Law, bécamé in_ 1389 the basis of The Hague's Permanent Court of Arbitration. The princi- ples of these resolutions wers as fol« lows: 1. National sovereignty reméins in- allénable and inviolate. S. Adherence of any government lul the creation of a permanent ln(-.rnl-| tional court must be entirely volun« tary. S 3. All tdhering states must be on a footing of permanent equality be- fore the permanent international court 4. The decistons of the finterna- tional court must have the force of decisions subject to execution. Under the plan adopted by The Hague Conference, each signatory| nation chooses four judges. Whoanl il cost tical ! 1 names are put upon an eligible list of arbitrators; the disputants to choose five of these eligible judges, or, in case they cannot agres on th five, then each chooses two, and these choose & fifth. The panel of five judges triez that particular case. The judges serve six years. * % % . Criticlsm of this as “permanent” court h the idea that it is not “permanen but is called into existence only when | & dispute arises; that it is not a court ! plan for a: arisen over, [Pact With Turkey To Cause Fight The attacks which are. being cen- tered on the proposed treaty be- tween Turkey and the United States will make that document one of the disputed problems before the Senats, in the view of many editors. The fact that a protest signed by more than 100 leading Americans already has been lodged with the commit- tee on foreign relations is considered significant, and it Is very ltkely that the whole questlon of whether American interests are adequately protected, and whether this coun- try hag abandoned its Christian sympathizers to Moslem rule, will be thrashed out before action is taken. There are, however, quite a few editors who feel the treaty .Js & good start and, as such, ought to be ratifled. o K “The Lausanne treaty,” the Mem- phis News-Scimitar feels, *“surren- dered the rights of American citizens in Turkey in exchange for the fa- mous - Chester concessions. The United States is not in a position to require the allles to give Armenia the protection her people deserve, but ' we can at least refuse to be a party to the crime of neglect, just as we refused to ratify the treaty of Ver- sailles with its impossible provisions, including_the theft of China's terri- ** It is also the con- viction™ of the Miamt News-Me! olis that “there are many features of this pact that do not appeal to the Christian world. In this country, the preponderance of sentiment is favor- able for a better condition for Ar- menta, not a worse condition, and anything that seems to give the Turk power which he could ‘use unjustly. and he has a habit of using all power that way, ought to be frowned upon by this Christian nation.” ok ow X The Jacksomville Times-Union, however, does not think we can' do much to protect the Armenlans from Turkish aggression “except by keep- ing s standing army to guard them. It we are not to do that.we should treat the Turks a3 human beings and. as @& matter of fact, they. are much more tolerant than we Americans are. But If we are to do so much for the Armenians why not begin at home? In this country, once known a8 the refuge for the oppressed, thers is now & strong prejudice agatnat-all { 70 immigrants and a discrimination against them. Why not.begin by treating the Armeniamsin America better?” P Many Americans will indorse the opposition. to the treaty, the Savan- nah Press feels, insisting that it is “no ‘'wonder the Lausanne. treaty Is pronounced ‘morally indefensible’ in that it surrenders Amerjcan rights in i ders impossible the con- T ot k.me.‘n Eloan edudational and S solermn “ts ‘the 'Arme nians.”” It ought to be remembered, however, the Charleston Post points out, that “the United States is in no way more culpable for wfl fim of other Mllll;.hhm sanne treaty.” lfkewise considers of “justice,” but only of arbitration and compremise, fop a court of jus- tice is mot usually selected by the disputants, but site permanently and rules accordlng to laws, while The Hague ocourt rules not in accordance with an; l!‘\l code, byt enly’ “with respect for the law," In an introduction to a voluminous report of all the decisions e Per- manent Court of Arbitration of The Hague, Jameés Brown Scott, director of the’ division of Internatlonal law, Carnegle Endoyment for Interna- tional Peacs, say “A proposition had been made at the first conference to Include a treaty of arbitration, rlcd:u:: the pPowers to submit certain categories of disputes to arbitration without Teservations cf any kind. The propo- sitlon was rejected, owing to the un- ylelding opposition of Germaay, and article 19 ¢ ¢ ¢ geemed to register defeat instéad of a triumph. And vet @ triumph it was, because the great setles af treaties, beginning with the treaty of October 14, 1908, between Great Britain and France, and In- cluding the twenty-six treatles which Mr. Root negotlated during his sec- retaryship of state, are based upon the ?aon'erl right ‘contained in this article. are therefore not justified in belittling the permanent court of The Hague, which is in reality a per- manant list of judges, although it is both proper and necessary that the exact naturé of this imetitution be pointed out. Fault 1t la it has advanced the cause of aritration more, perhaps, than any single act of recent times.” It will be motéd that -the Permanent Court of Arbitration, established by the first Hague conference does not undertake to decide causes accord- ing to any established code of inter- natlonal 1aw, but only to find a means of settlement of disputes—means of arrlving at agreed compromises. ¥ * % % % " Thefe is a demand, however, ac- cording to some stitesmen, for a per- Wanent court of international justice, which will not concern itself with compromises and agreements, either in court or out of court, but will de- cide justiclable questions according to such International laws as exist. Secretary Hughes refers to the critics who want to wait for a better code as the ‘“perfectionists.” while he urges that advantages should be taken of such laws as do exist, look- ing toward perfecting the laws through perience. Objectors contend that to appoint a court before formulating the laws to ba applied by that court, through international conferences, would be parallel to establishing a supreme court before adopting a constitution, and they claim it would establish a tyranny of a supergovernment unre- strained by any law except that of its own precedents. P The proposed Permanent Court of International Justice is the legal ad- viser of the league of nations, and its judges are to be chosen by the league. One contentlon Is that if we indorse it America must at least choose one permanent judge. The contentlon is made in answer to the objection against indorsing a court dominated and chosen by the league of natlons, that when acting as electors of ths court judges, the representatives of the league council and assembly would not represent the league, but would think only of thetr capacity as electors, *x x % There are advocates of the main- tenance of both The Hague Permanent Court of Arbitration for all arbitral cases—not by law, but merely “in respect for law," and also of estab- lishing a Permanent Court of Inter- national Justice, under the wings of the league, for construing Interma- tional laws. ~Others contend that a code of international law must first be created before it can be con- strued. Prasident Coolldge's position is of favoring the Court of Justice, with reservations divorcing it from the lcague of nations. (Copsright, 1923, by Paul V. Collins.) Held Sure in Senate Indeed, the United States, it any- thing, is less bound to refrain from recognition of the new order in Tur- key than the Europeans, because this government was never at war with the Ottoman power and had no griev- ance of its own mor Blood feud to y. It s improbable that the 7 will be rejected. = The men Wwho refused to support Woodrow Wilson's program for justice amon; the nations and the incorporation o traditional American principles in fn ternational law will maka little of accepting the arrangement with th Turk for wholly material objectives, principally concerning ofl rights. * % x The defense of the treaty by Dr. James L. Barton of foreign mission fame. should “be carefully consider- ed” by the American people, the Man- chester Uriton insists, inasmuch as he is probably the best posted “Amer- ican on Asla Minor affairs. He says the treaty {s meager and Incomplete, but he also sees that if it s rejected there will be no base for future ne- sotiationa, whereas if it be ratified it will eerve as a jumping-oft place for further development of.good rela- tions. Dr. Barton would have us take an Imperfect tool, do the best that can be done with it, and meanwhile endeavor to improve it.” This view receives the indorsement of the Bal- timore Sun, because ‘“other powers Wil take advantage of what we glve up. The Senate can obstruct, but it cannot draw a new treaty. Were that course followed it would at best.take months befors any new settlement could be put in operation. Since the Lausanne conference Turkey has to all appearances been one of the most| peaceful quarters of the globe, and it will not be advisable to overthrow one of the settlements which have helped to produce that condition.” The question, after all, as the Phila- delphia Bulletin points out, is *4 Whother the treaty adequitely rec sponds to American needs and le mate demands, but whetl tion of the nationals of this country, and s Droteges in the near e :l';lxl:.'!“ improved or not by its rejec- The case of ratification seems “on und,” the Detroit News holds, “by rejecting this tr erica would become the single great power of several states most of whom, because of their greater proximity to Turkey and more exten- sive commercial interests with her, are even more anxious than we to se- a better treaty. We cannot do than stand with the other powers &nd ratlfy the Lau- The Lexington Leader “the settlement reached more favorable than that owers of Europe . all, the independence of Turkey being first conceded, the De] ent has done the best that could be expected. We shall certainly be able to take care of ourselves, and the Turks ap- reciate that very well” It is the opinfon of the Atlanta Constitution, however, that “public sentiment will support the fight bei ade on the treaty because it gives vautage to Turkey. At best, its rat- ification means nothing except the establishment of closer diplomatic relations with & regime that Amer- uld not be avar] - and spared to m.!l.ll“‘ anxiety NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM. MOTHER NATURE. Willlam J. Lo Harper and Brothers. . This' is & hold-up. No, not of the usgual burglarious kind that, at peint of gun, forces men to empty thelr pockets, and ladies to disgorge, in part, the contents of their stockin Not that sort. Instead, this 1s a hold-up for the surrender of certaln ideas and beliefs. These, according to Mr. Long, have o fourdation in fact. They serve, therefore, merely to lumber the mind with untruth and, upon this basis of error, to induce attitudes that are perverse in influ- ence and behaviors that are harmful in effect; There la no accusation of viclous:intent against us here. AMr. Long simply assumes that we have been at the everlasting game of say- ing words ever and over till iteration alone has wrought the hypnosis of supplylng empty phrases with the content of solid truth. e x ¥ "Mr. Long attacks first the general- ly agcepted bellef that naiure is cruel, a pitiless force, bent frequently upon wanton destructlon, haditually a | stern and tnexorabie master. A delu- sion this, he declares, 'supported by not an atom of substance -in fact. ‘Who &larted the story that has gained such headway and acceptance? It is not the product of sclentific ob- servation. It does not helong to! solence. It does not belong to the naturslist who, day In, day out the seasous through, lives (o close com- panionship with nature. The primi- tive peoples did not start this story. To them nature was the source of being, the dispenser of gifts, the provident mother of men. Se some- where in between lies the orlgin of this false report, the source of this delusive belief. Facing In a qulte op- alte direction, Mr. * Long !dentifies its rise wpd growth -and crystalliza- tion with the pitiless contests set up against one another by men them- selves In the flerce competitions of increasingly crowded communities. In other words, this common belisf has nothlng at all to do with nature. It has nothing to do with sclence | fronting upon nature. It {s, on the contrary, but the embodied reflection of a human mood. And what does this meau? It means that men see in nature that which exists in them- selves. This is a truth that finds ex- pression in all sorts of sayings and acceptances, whoso sum is that man gots, out of life what he puts into t. Mr. Long makes simple illustra- tion” of this, picked out from the common day. It Is the story of a farmer and a hunter. The farmer In & quiet fleld came upon & pair of quail leading their brood out into an unknown world. They were showing the young birds where to find food. If cold and rain came, the farmer tknew that the little ones would be brooded under soft and sheltering wings. And he turned softly away with a tender feeling for the bounty and wisdom of good Mother Nature. The hunter came into the same fleld, his heart a thudding riot of exuita- tion as the dogs pursued a hapless fox. Each man saw his own mood dressed in feathers or fur. Each made his own philosophy of nature, teader or savage, out of his own being. ng. *® xR It turns out that it was the poet who, away back, started the scandal of vature's bad character. A consid- erable number of this craft have since helped to keep the vivification alive. When in those far days crowd- ing interests commenced to clash. the poet saw men in deadly combat. The romantlo imagination of the post taok fire. The picture grew in his mind far bevond the power of feeble man to fulfill. Instinctively he turned to ure in her mightiest moods—tem- t and whiglwind, rocking earth | engulfing Seas. ‘These ehould be ! living_monsters, breathing flame «nd { fire, dedth and destruction. = And man, an amplided and glorified man. should be the triumphant hero over this warring nature embodied as living creature. In time the poet's in- flated conception shrank to propor- tions of common accepiance, its cen- tral thought of nature’'s crueity pere sistent and flourishing. The pseudo- scientist worked out along the line of this fallacious theory. and the plain nature-faker, too. So did the economist—Malthus, Mill, Huxiey and many another. The theologian ac- Capted It as a conception of tho great God moving in mysterious waye The sentimenta! writers threw Into drama the implacable cruelty of the natural world. Indeed, romantio writers have not even vet abandoned the old scan- dal against nature, s stories of the far north, the far this, the far that, 80 abundantly prove. * % ¥ ¥ When to the theory of evolutlon Darwin added that of the struggle for existence which he took over from Malthus, fresh impulse was given to the old and unfounded belief in the cruelty of nature. The new day of Darwin wae one of tremendous mental stir and flerce polemic activity. When argument was at Its height there stepped out in support of the old Sopned Cyatnst nature Sir Samuel iBaker, hunter, explorer. naturalist, who out of his own experience wrots, monumentally, in proof that nature is *a system of blind terrorism from beginning- to end” Sir Samuel at the old business, you see. of seein his own face in the looking-glass o pature, for -he was “a mighty game butcher.” Going into a land where animals_ were extraordinarily plen- fiful and unsuspioious, he slaughter- “right and left, often a brace of Snwary buffalo before breakfast, sometimes in & single day a whole herd of elephants, leaving them as they fell, taking only the taile a8 S e g Eives Eir Samuel atten- ol nce he was authority on wild l'n?c“ ul the moment when the theory of evolution and ite borrowed notion of the struggle for existence were at the height of discussion. He was, moreover, the first to put the theory of nature’s cruelty on the basis of ob- gervation (not realizing, one takes it, that he was in fac’ merely gathering an indirect sight of his own cruelty). Sir Samuel was the .chief of. ihat strange tribe of naturaiists Who think “to Jearn the ways.of birds and beasts by killing an incredible number- of them. SeRil ‘Against this long line of what stands to him'in effect as clear def- amation Mr. Long sets the accurate and exhaustive observation -of the modern sclentist, the rational and comprehensive methods of the pure naturalist, the sympathetic and un- derstanding ‘approach of the nature , Out of this combination com: 1l°'onl|'l.r ploot. though belated vindication of nature. Out of it emerges, 0o, the law of ration followed {n- by e living thing LD !agfi to Eflhlnn ‘man only’ A universal law, this, un- ch every creature shall for own plessure and safety co-oper- ate with 1ts own kind. * % ** Beyond -this disoussion Mr. Long In the same spirit of refutation deals with the delusion of the struggle for existence, and with other delusions fof man in respect to the natural world. His own rich personal experi- ences give foundation here for proofs” innumerable of the happler gospel of. nature for which he stands. To. his riences are added thoss of Others who, like him, belong to this fater school of nature's -philosoph: A ‘beautiful and. convinclng book, -out | 1 hich' one greets nature as & , not a foe; an agent of healing, cruelty. Nature realm o inotive _co-operation, where fears and terrors are, in tl main, the product of man’s imagin: tion. A place whosp creatures enjoy the common mercies of food and play Tegret for yester- tomorrow, ; LG M ?ltllllul ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS - BY FREDERIC.J. HASKIN . Q. Since Germany haa jssued: & new eyrrency, why doesn’t the state of the mark improve®—A. M. A.. The German: government has issued a new currency which is backed by metal This, however, is for {nternal use only, sa it will be some tife before it will affect for- eign exchange. I Q. Whare can et dotalls about e cancer curé that -Dr. Willlam Henry Veno has discovered?—H. S. A. The American Seclety for the Cure of Cancer guys that Sir Wil- liam Veno, who has made large gifts to further cancer research -work, says that the statement published in” papers guoting him as saying cancer research doctors in London had dlscovered the cause of cancer, was “an entire misquotation.” F sald he had merely meant to say that “important and Inspiring work™ along the lines of cancer research was going oun_in the Hritish capital, but that he knew nothing about a cure or the causs of cancer having been discovered. Q. Does the Post Office nance stamp machines?—A. A. The Post Office D(—?xr(men! saye that it does mot permit stamp, slot machines to be placed on postal prem- ises, inasmuch as - tn st offices stamps can be sold for thelr face value only. However, the department does not prohibit the use of them by individuals in thelr own estab- lishrients. ¢ counte- Q Q. Was there ever & _time prior.to the present when sculptors colored their marbles?—S. D. A. The sculptors of classic and medieval times practiced this cus- a angelo's day. At chat ti statues which had been w, by the rain were discovered and their beauty caused the custom of coloring marbie ta fall into disuse. antique Q. Why do chains drag on the ground on gasoline trucks?—G. 5. b A. The chain is used to fres the truck from static. Static electricity collects on moving objects and_on objects subjected to friction. Con- siderable friction is caused by fliing and emptying the tanks of the trueck. The dragging chain grounds any electricity thus generated. Q. How long has macarcni been eaten?—W. C. P. A Macaroni has been used in Maly trom very early times. Thence its uge spread throughout Europe. Maca- roni was introduced into the United States by Italian !mmigrants, but not extensively used until 1880. Q. What proportions ars used in old sulphur and molasses tonic?—B. D. A. One heaping tablespoonful of sulphur added to ome-half pint mo- ases gives the old familiar taste to this tonle. Where does the asphalt come from that is used in pavements’—A. S A. There are two types of asphalt. One is native asphalt, which iz found in natural deposits generally in the form of lakes in Bermuda, Venezusla, Trinidad and other places. The sec-| ond form of asphalt is known as crude oil, which comes from wells in Texas, Oklahoma, Mexico and Cali fornia. This asphaltic oil is distilled into kerosens, gagoline, etc. The resi- due from this forms a hard substance which is known as asphaltic cement, which 18 the last form of distillation. This aspha cement is used for ed white | Q What was the army rask vvt the PflnA ice of Wales during the war?—FH. N. - He servad 3 kniown 48 Capt. Windasr. 0 DetnE Q. Would inatruments us b servation of heaveny bodio ot coa be ‘l"i‘(“. wers the seaz uncharted?—G. A. These instruments would deter- mine the geographical position in lati- tude and longitude even though the sees wero uncharied.. The chart makes the information of practical value. Shakespearean character lines (o speak”—A. M. P. A, Prof. Rolle gives the followin figures: Hamlet, 1,563 lines; Richar { 11T, 1,181; lago, 1,117. Henry V, as both !liri and princs,‘speaks 1637 lines, and | Falstat n botl lenry IV nd Hen! V, 1,595 lines. e Q. What has tho most Q. How many Chinese women are thers in this country?™—8. W. M. A. The bureau of census says that thers were 7,748.Chinese women in the TUnited States n 1020. Q. What was the first organization of employers in this country?—J. M. A.—Thd first employers' aseoctation of pational importance which was forme ed to bargain or deal with workers was the United States Potters’ Association, | organized in 1875. The Stove Founders® Association, formed in 1886, stimulated { the organization of similar groupe. Q. What is _meant' by commercial raphy’—L. D. | _A. Commgrclal geography treats of | the disiributien of the world's products, of existing demande for thess commodi= [ties and satisfactory mesns of trans- portation and exchaige. Q. V'here were electric lights first used?—C. M A. Ilectric lights were first used in tho Pearl street stetion, New York citya} }in 1852 . What Is a tlerce in auctions birfdge?—M. W. - { A. A tlerce is three cards in se- quence. Tierce major s ace, kingd | Quseg: tierce minor, king, queen jack. Q. What Is gelatine?—G. F. W. A. Gelatine is & purified, dried, fu= odorous product of the hydrolysis, by treatment with boiling water, of cere tain tissues, such as skin, ligameats and bones, from sound animals. Contains not more thar 3 per cent of ash and not less than 15 per cent of nitrogen . ‘Who were the first white wom= oto see the Kentucky rivert—S. . A. The wife and daughters of Dan- iel Boone were the first white women to stand on t#e banke-of the Kene tucky. . . Was the eruption of the volv cano that destroyed Pompeit and Hers culaneum the greatest eruption inm z le |s A. The greatest volcanic disturbe- ance within the period of bhumen history was an eruption in ene of the Interior velleys of Savil, Samoan | Islands. With a briet rest, this ac- tivity, which began in August, 190, lasted for four vears and the dis- | charge of iava has been estimated st | more five cuble miles. | (Hove gou o question you wank answered? Send it to The Star In- Jormation Bureaw, Frederio J. Hoa- | kin, director. 220 North Copiel street. The only charge for this serv~ e is 2 conts in stamps for returm postage.) Indian Post Appointment Tribute to BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Gen. Lord most successful army commanders of the great war in France, has been intrusted ever since 1920 with the supreme direction of the military torces and defenzes of the vast In- dlan Empire, and is at the head of that relatively small army of white and native troops by means of Which England maintains control and keeps order population of more than 300,000,000 of rival races and creeds, who were it not for these British guns would be fiying at one snother's throats and engaged in internecine warfare such as was constantly raging in that part of the world, with disastrous re- sults to life and property, until the English completed their conguest of Hindustan. The task of Lord Raw- linson and the responsibility Wwith which he is burdened taxed to the utmost the energies and the health of Lord Kitchener, and, previous to that, of the late Field Marshal Lord Roberts, during their saven and five year terms of command. Next to the office of commander-in- chief, now held by Lord Rawlinson, {s that of quartermaster general of the British military forces in Ind and, under the circumstances, the ap- pointment thereto of Gen. Sir Rich- ard Stulrt«Wuruaz. who greatly dis- tingulshed himaself in France during the great war, and who was speclal- 1y promoted major general on. the battlefield, may be regarded as marked manifestation of the high re- ard in which he is held by the war Separtment at Whitehall and by Eng- lish military men in general. He is one of the brothers of the present Farl of Wharncliffe, also of Maj. Gen. the Hon. Edward Stuart-Wort- ley. owner of Highcliffe Castle, in Hampshire, on the Solent, which he rented, in turn, to the ex-kaiser, some and fridge of London and Chicago, owner of the immense American emporium fni"tire British metropolis Another brother of Gen. Sir Rich- ard _Stuart-Wortley the ~Hon. Ralph Stuart-Wortley, who long ago cecured American oitizenship and who, after spending several years ranching im the western: states, set- tled down. in New York as a mem- ber of the stook exchanse and mar. ried Virginia, daughter of Bl Winfleld Sohley of the br\;ill!;ers. 'lnl ding the Lord Wharncliffe, coun ShE: their forbears the celebrated Lady Mary Montagu, British ambas- eadress at Constantinopls, ~great traveler and brilliant writer, who was the first to introduce into Eng- land inoculation for smallpox. * %k ¥ Gen. Sir Richard Stuart-Whortley 18 s veteran of the King’s Royal Rifies, one of the most famous Tegl- ments of the British army, which was first ralsed In North America and used for a long time to be offi- clally known as “the Roval Amer- fcans” The corps wa¢ organized in 1755 for tha express purpose of help- ing to retrieve the terrible disaster h had overtaken the British i'rt:icmv under Gen. Braddock, when were overwhelmed by-a force of d red Indians In the forest fastnessss on the banks of the Ohic river: It had been found that the slow, ponderous movements of troops frained upon European models, with their heavy accouterments; g fitting uniform and unsuitable tac- tics, ‘were the Indians t- weil-nigh heipless against and almost equally help- less against soldiers habituated to warfare in the dense forests and trackless wastes of America. It was, therefore, decided “by the British government to raife on this side of the Atlantio, from the colonists tgpmeelses, 3 force witich: would be able to deal with ao. conditions. Designated as o) Royal Amer-! 4 Rawlinsan, one of the| among a swarming Asiatic | British Officer the tegiment was formed of 4.000 men Geth, the Earl ot the ficans, | ingly battalions. doun, commander forces in America, was | colonel-in-chief. 1t was recruited |from settlers in the states of Massa- chusetts, New York, Maryland, North Carelina_and particularly Penneyl. vania. Throush the bold_initiative of Lieut. Col. Bouquet, a Swise cer of diminction, commanding th 1st Battalion, the Royal Amerloand {adopted colonfal methods of equip- ment, simple drills, open formation and. the Indian system of forest ware fare, thus aoquiring those attributes of individual action, swift initiative and _elastic though' firm discipline which have been the oonspi characteriatios of this famous corps through {ts long and brill It played a leading part ture of Fort Duquesne, on ti river, from the French and Indians, and Fort Duguesne was thereupon rechristensd Fort Pitt, its first gar- rison being the Roval Americans Fort Pitt is today Pliteburgh. The depot and chief station of the regi- ment, however, was on Governors Island, N. Y. APter the proclame- tion of American independence and the restoration of peace between Great Britain and her former col- onies In America the mame of the corps was changed from Roval Amer- fcans to the King’s Royal Ri and it has always been regarded, both in military as well as in soctal prestige, as one of the orack corps of ths British army. accord« in fous of Lou- * ¥ k¥ Another forebear of Lord Wharne cliffe and of the Stuart-Wortley broth- ers was the celebrated Lady 3ary Wortley-Montagu's son-in-law, that Lord Butte who was prime minister in the early portion of the reign of George I, and who as euch was largely re- sponaible for the origin of the American war of independence. It was the sec- ond son of this Lord and Lady Bute who inherited his mother's Wortleye Montagu property, as well as her ar- morial bearings and literary treasures, and hie son, in turn, was the first Earl of Wharncliffe of the present creation. The principal home of the family and the seat of the Earls of Wharncliffe is Wortley Hall, in Yorkshire, overlooking the beautiful’ valley of the Don. It i3 {n the heart of the district immortalized by Sir Walter Soott in ‘Tvanhoe® Nearby are the so-called Wharncliffe o s picturesque displacement of Tocke” of Muge size thickly wooded at the bottom, where they fall to the river, and comtaining the cavern which, ae- Yorkehire folklore, was th the terrible dragon of Wharnclifte, The Wortley Hall prop- erty is particularly interesting in the fact that the Wortleys have been in uninterrupted possession thereof since the eleventh century. The Stuart-Wortleys likewls considerable property in Cornwall Where their estates include the natu- rally _castellated rock of Tintagel, o which aré the scanty ruins of a castle celebrated as the birthplace of King Arthur and the subject of a host of medieval romances and of poems by Lord Tennyson. The castle, which was at its best in the relgn of Bdward the Confessor and was for centuries the home of the oid Earls of Cornwall, fig- ures In anclent records as having been s stronghold even in remote Roman times, but was purposely allowed to fall fnto ruin in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, on the advice of her great secretary®of state, Lord Burleigh, who urged upon her that it was & source of too heavy expense to keep In repair land that as a \geaport it had become artually s e and useless by reason expoa deed, Are rage the e grave to be heavily buttressed with rock to prevent their being swept away by the it may. be stated that 3 aeRiey, the new quartérmaster 'general of “india, will during_the next five vears divide his time between sDelhl... the ancient and also the modern capital of the Indian Empire, apnd Simla, in the foothills of the Himalayas, to -which the vicerov and ll‘Il the Il her Etnr“l!ll'; om:m-, cxlfl} well an milltary, transfer—the seat o rcvnrnmm during the heated meaihs of the year. e own a