Evening Star Newspaper, October 26, 1923, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition, WASBHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY........October 26, 1£23 THEODORE W. NOYES........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofice, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 420d St. Chicago Office: Tower Bulldin European Office: 16 Regent St.. London, The Breniog Star, with the Sundsy morning wdition. is dellvered by carriers w.hin the city 2160 cents per monthy daily ooly, 40 cents per E nday only, 20 ceats per moaih. = Or- Be sent by mall or telepbsme Main oilection s made by carflers at the and of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Mary’ard and Virginia. Dafly and Sunday 1mo.. 70 Daily only. imo. 50c Sunday oniy. All Other States. vania railroad system have been ob- serving the traffic at certain crossings in thirteen states through which that | raliroad operates. These inspectors checked 242,142 motor drivers, and found 7,566 of them, or about 3 per cent, to be “‘careless and reckless.” Perhaps this is the general average of careless- ness at grade crossings in this coun- try. Probably these 8 per cent are the . ones who contribute to the death rec- ords. Of course, not all of the 3 per cent of careless and reckless drivers meet trains at crossings and come to grief. Many of them escape Probably most of them escape. They get across in time, or maybe there are no trains janywhere within range. But that is; | their good Tuck. Any person who drives a motor on a railroad track without first ascer- | taining that the way is clear is care-! i less. Indeed, he is criminally reckless. THE EVENING STAR, peared everywhere in large numbers. WASHINGTON ' ‘The figures in the assessor's ranortl for last fiscal year show that during that time eighty apartment houses and 2,500 dwellings were built. The apartment houses contain 2,200 sultes, | BYIRREDILYE and allowing three persons to an| apartment, believed to be a conserva- tive allowance, it will be seen that new flats for 6,600 people were bullt. Estimating one family of five to each dwelling constructed during the year, there would be new housing for 12,600 people. One should not lose sight that these figures are for the year ended June 30 last. Each year since building operations were resumed at the close of the war has been busy. And .ic story is not closed with the fiscal year 1923. Build- ing work Is fast progressing, and al- though there may be some slackening in the rate of construction it is still David Lloyd George is precisely the type of politiclan who would rise high in American politics. In tempera- ment he is far more American than British; and, of course, he Isn’t Eng- lish at all, being a Celt from Wales. Every attribute that gives a public man ‘power and popularity in our , politics Is possessed by "L, G." He is a tremendous mixer, a bundle of vivacity, an accomplished handshaker and a whirlwind on the stump. His political and oratorical manner is a combination of the talents of Theo- dore Roosevelt and Willlam Jennings Bryan, with a dash of “Billy” Sunday thrown in, for “the little Welshman™ Is at his best as moderator at a Dafly and Sunday.1yr., $10.00: 1 mo., 85 1t matters not that there Is a responsi- Daily only. 1yr. $7.00;1mo., 60c Sunday oniy......1yr, $3.00°1mo., 25c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press fs exclusively entitled to the use for republication of ail Dews patches credited to it of Dot otherwise credited i this paper and alse the loc Jished “herein. A1l rights of publica also rese .- these places, everything possible should | have been built A Move Toward Settlement. An appreciable advance has been made toward scttlement of the repara tional commission, by virtue of $ tary Hughes' reply to the British pro hosal for participation by the Unite: Staces in such a proceeding. This pro- posal was in the form of a dispatch rzon, British minister of dated Ogtober 1 itish government would de glad to recelve from this govern- ment any suggestion it might be dis posed to offer. Secretary Hughes' reply in effect re- states the position of the United State: s heretofore set forth. Briefly, It ex- presses entire willingness to take part in an economlic conference in which 1l the European allies chlefly con- cerned In German reparations partic pate, for the purpose of considering he questions of the capgeity of Ger- many to make reparation payments ind an appropriate financial plan fo sccuring such payments. Two points are stressc ch ave, in effect, con the United States has to sco Ge ing that the E however, One ) de- tion is that s sponsibility for the war, or of her just obligations. The other i t such a conference should be advisory, not for the purpose of binding governm which would naturally be unwilling to pledge their acceptance in advance, but “to assure appropriate recom- mendations by a thoroughly informed and impartial body intent upon the solution of the difficult pending prob- lems upon their merits.” Furthermore, says Mr. Hughes, this government has consistently main- tained the essential difference between the questions of German: capacity to pay and of the practical methcds to secure reparations payments from Germany, and the payment by the al- lies of their debts to the United States. These, he states, eonstitute distinct obligations. In short, the United States is wili- ing to take part in advisory confer- ence on the basis of making Germany pay to the utmost of her capacity, without reference to the debts owed to this country by other governments, The success of such a movement necesearily depends upon the willing- ness of France to participate. Hereto- fore France has not been willing to proceed further along the line of in- ‘uiry. Now, however, according to a dispatch from Paris, France is willing. Premier Poincare, it is stated, has al- ready so assured Secretary Hughes, but, it is added, the experts of the in- ternatlonal commission must be named by the reparations commission. Eng- land. it is noted, has not yet accepted this condition. Thus it would appear that Secre- tary Hughes' note to Lord Curzon must have been based upon receipt of word from Paris that France is will- ing to participate in a commission of research into Germany’s ability ta pay, in which the United States is repre- sented, with the provision that the ex- perts be named by the reparation com- mission. It is doubtful whether this government would have renewed its proposition otherwise. To do so would have been merely a gesture without effect. So it may be thdt the American plan, as it may be called, of an eco- momic advisory research into Ger- many's capacity to pay will ultimately come Into effect, with this country represented. But, as Mr. Hughes spe- cifically states, such a research would not bear upon the question of the obli- gations of allied governments to the United States, which, he notes, is a distinct question from that of repara- tions. This reservation keeps the United States out of the case as a di- rectly interested party, and strength- ens its position as a neutral seeking peace and economic adjustment in Bu- rope for the sake of restoring normal conditions. —————— The time Is apparently coming for testing out the question of whether a | Would make an excellent umpire for | quarrel. man rich enough to be his own finan- clal backer can have a genuine presi- dential boom. ——————— Germans who do not happen to be linguists are now looking into the lexicons to get the French word for “ghrecklichkeit.” The Reckless Three Per Cent. It is stated that officials of the en- gineer department of the Dintrict gov- ernment will be ready in two weeks to submit their recommendations for the disposition of all. the remaining grade crossings In Washington. At only four or five of these, it is sald, is there warrant for large expenditure for bridges or viaducts. These are the real danger points. The others are tsolated crossings where the traffic on both streets and tracks, it is belleved, is 80 light that there s no real danger. Certainly the frequented crossings should go as quickly as appropriate legislation can be secured and the work accomplished. The recent trag- ady at Lamond, where three persons lost their lives, should be the last in the District before practical steps are taken to eliminate all remaining fre- quented crossings. In this connection it s interesting #o note that, inspsctors of the Penpsyl- 1y relieved of her re- | bility elsewhere than on him for the maintenance of these death traps. wre there, they are known, and ! they are known to be potentially dead- , ly. It is up to him' to make sure of | safety as long as they remain. But! meanwhile, pending the elimination of | ibe done to give full warning of the, | presence of danger by signs. by bells, { {by flagmen or by gates. Neglect of | this precaution by the railroads or the slaughter. i | { ———————— ! Indications multiply that the plat-} forms of the two major political par- 1924 will vie with each other for the strongest terms of support of the na- arthest away from any trace of mois- o Ao line case stemak Sine frabib | by virtue of President Coclidge’s deter- mined stand for enforcement, and mpered by the wet faction, headed ! by Gov. Smith of New York, and sup- and Gov. Ritchie of Maryland. But! these gentlemen, it Is belloved, will | in the democratic national convention when the platform is being framed. tion and politics is the reported an- | nouacement, carried in the Associated | | Press dispatches zoday, of Henry Ford to the effect that Mr. Ford will be for a sincere effort to enforce the prohib tion law. “I will be for President Cool- {in that case, | Mr. Ford need not worry about rection, and if he keeps his ‘promise it would seem at first blush that he! as a candidate himself for the nomina- tion, for the President is going to: ment, made at the conference of gov-| | ernors recently. Mr Ford in the course | ! of his statement is quoted as saying | that he has seen an Improvement in | gives credit to the President for it. Let us paste Mr. Ford’s promise in i with it as President Coolidge comes | |acrass with acts to match his words The Associated Charities. ! Charities gives a plain statement of | the financial condition of this worthy ¢ work done by it during the year. The | income from all sources was $101,- 782.26, including $11,068 spent on new construction work at Camp Good Will. But for the new work done at Camp Good Will, designed to increase the "be no deficit. Nobody who is famillar with the uses to which this camp Is we'l spent. The rebuilding of Camp | Good Will represents an expenditure | puildings by the Kiwanis Club, and 'at the close of the season, which ended debt on the property of a little less | than $6,000. f | Charities ‘made during the year to en- | roll 10,000 new co-partners in itslauda- and though that number was not se- ! cured the response to the appeal was | charity will be met. During the year | covered by the report there were 5,388 i churches and organizations. The As- soclated Charities should be enabled !scale than formerly, and its friends | | have aith that it will be able to do so. | ‘ with us for many years, and has es-| tablished itself in the hearts of Wash- | supported. ——— e Law Enforcement anrl’ Politics. ties in the presidential campaign of tional prohibition law and to get { licans have the edge on the democrats ! { from ’...e fact that the democrats are | !ported by Gov. Silzer of New Jersey | 0 under the enforcement steam roller The latest development in prohibi-{ ! i | President Coolidge if the latter mak | idge strong,” he is reported as saying, i President Coolidge’s course in that di-! ! thus rules himself out of the running | make good his declaration on enforce- | | enforcement in the past month, and {our bats, and see how he carries on on enforcement. ' The annual report of the Associated | organization, and & summary of the 98129, and the expenditures $110,- The report shows a deficit of $8,800 97, | usefulness of that place, there would put but will say that the money was {of $20,000, including the gift of two) September 30, there was a floating | The .effort ‘'which the Associated ! ! ble work is fresh in the public mind, | gratifying. No doubt the needs of this ! different contributors, including 2081 ,to carry out its mission on a larger | IThe Associated Charities has been ingtonians. It should be generously There Is no doubt thai Uncle Sam| Europe if all the parties at interest { could be reliably obligated to ablde by his decisions. ————————— Wilhel Hohenzollern probably re- ! gards the Berlin politicians who desire i him to seek restoration to the throne as rough practical jokers. ——————e History has yet to point out an anarchist, or even a communist, who | succeeded in making life pleasant for . himself or anybody else. case in several instances proved them- selves willing workers, but poor studies. : Building Operations. Figures in the current annual re- port of the District assessor show the extent of building operations in the District, and indicate that we must be overcoming, though we have not yet | overcome, our housing shortage. Every Washingtonian marvels at the amount of building that is going on. Since the post-war . building boom began old parts of the city have been torn down and rebuilt and city " districts have been added. New office buildings, new apartment houses, new shops and stores and new dwellings pavs .ap- remarkable. Rows of dwelling houses are being built in every part of the city, and villages of detached homes are building where land s available or the market is favorable. Baptist assembly. He can sing and talk in jaw-breaking Welsh, and is never happler than when among his countrymen in the hills and moun- tains L. G.' loves to glorify In his perorations. Although Welsh to the {tontans. While the Capital spreads | { serene assurance to invite red-ridden | Witnesses In the Stokes divorce| core Lloyd George was born in Man- chester. * o ok % So much glory came to Lloyd George |as premier during the last three ‘The figurces of the assessor refer, of course, only to new constructions in the District. Thousands of dwellings in Maryland and bought by persons removing from the city. Washington has grown until it is practically co-extensive with the District of Columbia, and it has grown | ter of munitions. It was through exchequer in May, 1915, District and Maryland. The Capital j minister of munitions. had just exposed the has also spread south and west of the Potomac river into territory that was | (Shells eyt L ENiel mianitrom once @ part of the Didtrict. Much of |tongs, 1o organize Briths may 404 the bLuilding that has been done and is | dustrics for production of high- going on in the numerous villages and | Lo WEred artillery and ammunition on subdivisions beyond the Chain, Key |driving power did the trick © Witnis and Highway bridges has been huughljtloyf"rr G"" Britzin was an arsenal. by people leaving Wzshington. These{towr jocqr8e went from town to people lose their places in the Wash- ington directory and their names pass | from our tax list, but to many lnlenl(§1 town, imploring captain of industry and purposes they remain Washing- | to become Northeliffe Kitchener and worker alike to devote energies to guns and shells. Britons say it was t ;h.mfir_»l- cam or Britain. At the end of it. again through the Northeliffe influence. Lloyd George achieved the premier- ship in succession to Asquith. His greatest feat was to induce rival British manufacturers to pool thelr prized secret patents and relegate competition for th 4 Soni) e duration of the t great mis. into Maryland and Virginia the popu- Iation of the District steadily increases, | and the half-million figure for the' District is close at hand, and a 1,000, 000 population for the District and “metropolitan district” s not far away. —_——— Lenin and Trotsky may yet have the * ok ¥ % In April, 1917, a few days after the United States entered the war, David Lloyd George was extended the free- dom of the city of London—an honor bestowed upon every premier since Dick Whittington's relgn at the Man- sion House. 'This observer attended the historic function. He had met “L. G." before the war, when the Brit- Ish statesman came to Berlin to study he German old-age pensions system As the writer reached .he premler in he receiving lne. G.” pulled him aside by the coat s in character- istically buoyant fashion, and said: “How long’s the war going to last— you know the Germans and their ca- pacity?* Germany to seek the protecting influ- ence of a comparatively stable soviet government. ——— Titles have lost their significance in | Germany, society now being divided | into only two classes—those who hav real money and those who have paper | marks. ———————— 8o far from being disguised, mem- bers of the Oklahoma legislature, in handling Gov. Walton, do not even wear gloves. ————— Parleys continue to be suggested on the theory that they cannot do any harm and may eventually accomplish something. IN TODAY’S In today's spotlight there is but one fi ure—Germania seemingly in the dance of national death. Standing out against a dark back- ground, where “vaulting ambition o'erleapt itself,”” what contortions of agony, what writhings of despair, will the world behold In the glare of eivil war? The central government at Berlin charges that the secession of Bavaria, Wurttemburg and the states forming the Rhineland republic is the work of France and Belglum, inspired for the purpose of disbanding the German em- pire and also of establishing a buffer state between Prussia and her western enemles, ——— Narcotics dull the moral sense. This | is true of those who smuggle them as well as of those who use them. ,In Europe people no longer laugh when they mention the American dol- lar. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Among Those Present. ‘When statesmen circulate en invita- tion Pertaining to a banquet or a lunch, You know that things pertaining to the nation ‘Will come up one by one, or in e bunch. The wisdom that around the board arises Is often quite enough to fill a book. The names of guests the paper ad- vertises, But no one says a word about the cook. * ok X North and south Germany were never hemogeneous. No mere commercial rivalry made division between the states. There was a radical difference from the beginning between industrial Bavaria and militaristic Prussia, and also a sharp difference In religion. North Germany (Prussla and adjoining states) Is Protestant, while south Ger- many (Wurttemberg and Bavaria) Is Roman Catholle, with a history of loyalty to the Pope, and a clerical domi- nance in clvil government. Such ad- hesion to the church has always been ‘repugnant to the empire centering in Prussia. That has made unity between the states difficult to maintain In har- mony, even in days of imperial glory and natfonal prosperity. It Is not sur- prising, then, to find that the strain of adversity is splitting the sections apart. And yet some very grave and vital question May be confused and let the public wait Because a passing touch of indigestion Has led to acrimonious debate, ‘When on responsibllity so solemn ‘We pause in all sincerity to ook, ‘We feel that much is missing from the column. They really ought to compliment the cook. * ¥ x X Germans are disposed to discount self-government of a democracy, and to look up to & strong royal throne for direction In affairs of state. soclalists—of whom there are legions In Germany—Ilook to the government to hand in the affairs of Europe?” assure prosperity to the masses, rather “How do you mean ‘take a hand than for democratic industry and per- rejoined Senator Sorghum. “If you're |sonal initiative to create it and become suggesting that we try to learn the|the solid foundation beneath govern- same old game they've been playing |mental powers. Imperfalism Is more over there so long, I'd rather watch methodic—systematic. the play awhile longer before attempt-| Amidst the acclaim of a Rhenish re- ing to participate. In case of distressiPublic there are voices calling for a I'm willing to lend a hand, but I don't | king. Bavaria ls calling for a king. want to take a hand. In that call there is secret sympathy in Prussia, for If a re-seating of a king Jud Tunking says mebbe it's better ' is possible in those lesser kingdoms, for people not to have so much money Why not eventually a king again in that they can afford to start divorce | Prussia? “Hoch der — proceedings at the first little family * ¥y In the same day's cables come con- tradictory reports. One quotes Joseph Mathes, the leader of the Rhineland re- public, as declaring loyalty to the “‘em- pire” and simply a maintenance of state rights within the ‘empire”—for the German -epublic is still so Imperialistic in its feeling that it cannot drop the term *‘reich” or “empire.” The other report indicates complete proved politics.” rebellion and separation, with the es- “As yet,” replied Miss Cayenne, ubllahmedm o'b?l aepnrnt: lnntlxm, t!lnle “women have not had the centurles of Rhine'and republic, as a fait accompli, time to improve political conditions hegiona) troops o maintal lovaley 9o national troops to maintain loyalty no that men have devoted to mismanag- longer to the Berlin governmient, but ing.” Making a Distinction. “Do you think we ought to take a Speak Gently. Be sure to think before you speak ‘When on the phone you call. If you in wrath your number seek You may not speak at all. Question of Time, “I cannot see that women have im- to defend the Rhineland republic. * * ¥ No Improvement. That which has been in recent “High prices have not improved years (since. 1871) the German em- gasoline.” pire was formerly s group of inde- “No,"” replied Mrs. Chuggins. “I can ' pendent units — kingdoms, arch- remember when a pint of gasoline |duchi duchles, principalities and would clean a pair of gloves instead | free cities—of which the Kingdom of of ruining them. Prussia was one unit, at first not much, more powerful than some “Some folks,” sald Uncle Eben, “is others Among the lesser unita were so vindictive dey wouldn® appreciate 'Schleswig and Holstein, which Chris- goin’ to heaven unless dey thought | tian IX of Denmark sought to detach dey could look out'n a window an’|f-om thelr German afliations and at- see certain people not beln’ able to|“Prussia and Austrin led the war get in.” ragainst Christian IX, and wrung Schleswig and Holstein from the grip of Denmark—and_then quarreled be- tween themselves over a division of t arawing to battle, A on the outspoken mupport of th smaller German kingdom: against Prussia--but in vain. When it came An Annual Problem. From the Baltimere Sun. A good memory Is one that retains the method by -wi mgg managed to ;u.ll':lltl the heat of turnace last depended {years of the war that the world has | forgotten his achlevements as minis- | Lord Northeliffe s efforts, mainly, that | . +"L. G." left the chancellorship of the tions question through an interna-‘ bublic authorities contributes to the facross the boundary line between the | ! their | Many | paign that saved the day | Even the ' e this Prussian-Austrian war was | C. OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE eighteen ' which last another was the response, turned out to be a lucky guess. “That’s what we think, tuo. Jjoined Lloyd George, “and we're mak- ing all our plans on thai basis.” i Evidently the British government shrewd'y calculated that it would take the United States a year and a That s precisely what happened. * ok ok % When Lloyd George was “smashing ' the lords” in 1906, and assailing them 50 violently that he added an idiom to the king’s English—to “Lime- | house,” meaning that his language ' was characteristic of the slums of Limehouse, in East London—he was the best hated man in Britain. After the tornado passed and the lords were humbled, the Welshman received the freedom of a provincial city. When the eulogies of the mayor were pro- nounced L.oyd George responded with this story: “A man who saved some one from drowning was presented with a public testimonial. After he had been duly praised the hero was called upon to ply, and said: “‘Really 1 have ‘done nothing to deserve this reward. I saw the man | struggling in the water, and, as no one else was by, I saw he would be drowned if 1 didn't save him. So 1 Jumped in, swam to him, turned him over to see he wasn’t Lioyd George and then pulled him out.” * * ¥ Another one-time Hiram Johnson | | adherent—and most plutocratic of the ' Californian's supporters—has gone over to the Cooltdge camp in the per- son of Willlam N. Wrigley, jr. The spearmint king, whose fortune runs into elght figures, jolned Albert D. Lasker of Chicago in financing John- son’s whirlwind pre-convention cam- paign in 1920, especlally at Chicago itself. Both Wr'gley and Lasker be- ame enthustastic Harding men after- wards and would have supported the late President for renomination and re-election. They were supposed to be ready to espouse Hiram's cause | for 1924, but apparently Wrigley. like | Moses—also an anted luvian John- | onite—has hopped onto the Coolidge and wagon. With his most astute political lieutenant and his principal “angel” deserting him, Hiram's for- tunes are slumping sadly. * ¥ Xk X Mrs. Mina Van Winkle, chief of the woman's bureau of the Washington | police department, advocates a course in police work for American uni- versties. She recently described, in a | public address, the course In suc- | | cessful operation at the University jof California in Berkeley. Most of | Berkeley's policemen learned to prac- | tice their professon at the state uni- | versity. The consequence is that | Berkeley is better policed and by a | | smaller force than at any time in Ilhe city's history. (Copyr i ht, 1923 ) SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS to battle and Austria went to defeat | at Sadowa, after a seven-week war | (18366) Prussia dominated all Ger- imany. This victory pointed directly to a permanent unification of German |ctates. At first it resulted only in ;& union of north Germany with Prus- sia. Austria was excluded. Wurttemberg and Bavarla and some of the smaller units remained inde- pendent, with the right to form a 'south German federation or to join the north German union at thelr pleasure. Eien then there was a se- cret agreement that in case of for- elgn war the armles of the south lho,{lfl be “at the disposal of Prus- i sla. It was that secret agreement which proved the fatal trap for Napoleon 111 of France in 1870. The French mon- iarch, as had the Austrlan king, had counted on the support of south Ger- |many when France became bellige ent toward Prussia, but south Ger- many remalned true to lts secret treaty and put its armles “at the dis- posal of Prussia” against France. * * ¥ x Victory over France (1870), the tra- ditional enemy of Germania, brought | north and south Germany into mutual | sympathy and developed the party of | the national liberals. who proposed to | forget differences of religion and lo- | cal Interests, and to unite all under the crown of the Prussian king as Emperor of Germany—*“Deutschland ueber allest™ Bavaria was the last of the south- ern states to hold out against Prus- sian dominance, consenting only on condition that she should retain the conduct of her telegraphlc, postal and railroad systems, her own diplomacy with forelgn nations and the com- mand of her army. Other southern states also made certain reservations These terms were all accepted by Prussia, and, at the capture of Paris, King Willlam was. made Emperor Willlam I of the German federation (1871), even by the ceremonial invita- Illon of the Bavarlan king, Louis II. ] * ¥ % % | The constitution of the north Ger- {man union became that of the em- pire, with slight modifications, but in the component kingdoms there was little change, In 1870 the ecumenical council at Rome dectared the Infallibility of the Pope, which led to the expulsion of the Jesults from Prussia in 1872, but the church pre-eminence was general- ly recognized and accepted in the southern states. Under the leadership of Ferdinand La Salle, soclalism gained great force, | but Bismarck, the statesman, adopted : some of Its princlpul demands and so undermined its oppusition to the em- peror. The conflict between church and state continued one of the great ls- sues throughout the reigns of Wil- | liam I and Willlam IL Prussia main- tained its dominance In the emplre, | for in the bundesrath (senate) Prus- ! sla had seventeen votes, against Ba- varia’s five and one or two each for the other states, according to thelr| importance. The seventeen Prussian votes were always a unit. for the emperor was still King of Prussia, and all legislative measures were pro- posed by the minigtry, of which Bis- marck was head. Prussla’s votes al- ways sustained the administration of their king. »x e It s predicted by some observers that the German nation will now break Into three parts—north Ger- many (Prussia, Saxony and some of the smaller states), south Germany (Wurttemberg and Bavaria) and a Rhineland republic of the states west of the Rhine. This Rhineland re- public contains the iron of northeast | Lorraine—not the Lorraine which was ceded to France in 1919. It Is pos- sible that the Rubr will join the Rhineland republic, bringing its great coal mines and its Krupp works into nion of material and industry. There Is also danger of complete | | ' l | | B bankruptey and collapse of German money, to be followed by soclalistic or soviet revolt of the hungry masses. Anything is possible In such a chaos. {(Copyright, 1923, by Paul V. Collina) |wa. | printing_bureau. {of France jand Parent-Teacher Association. that {these two statements is that in train. Harding Stamp, Topic | Collectors Withdraw Thousands’ at Big Profit to U. S. To the Editor of The Star: About a year ago there was issued @ new serles of postage stamps, follows: One-cent Franklin, 2-cent| Washington, 3-cent Lincoln, 4-cent! Martha Washington, 5-cent Roose- velt, 6-cent Garfleld, 7-cent McKin-; ley, 8-cent Grant, 9-cent Jefferson,| half to make Its welght fully felt. 10-cent Monroe, 11-cent Hays. 12-cent 0! Cleveland, 14-cent Indian, 15-cent| Statue of Liberty, 20-cent Yosemite, 25-cent Niagara, 30-cent Buffalo, 50-4 cent Arlington Amphitheater, $1 Lin- coln Memorial, 2-cent Capitol, $5 America. There was presented to Mrs. Hard- ing at the time an 11-cent stamp with | Hayes' portrait. This stamp was printed In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Rutherford B. Hayes. The stamp In question was the very first stamp! thgt was struck from the plate. Lit-| te did the then first lady of the land ' think that in & few months she was to receive a stamp on which was a| portrait of President Harding. This| |{was In commemoration of his death It will be noticed that in_the new | series the 12-cent stamp has been dis- | continued: the 14-cent and 25-cent | stamps are included in the set. They | arc of great interest in a historical ! The portrait on the I4-cent glamp s that of Hollow Horn Bear. The stamp is unique in its way, as it Is the first and only time that a 100 per cent Americin has appeared on the stamp. Incidentally his profile appears on the G-cent nickel. Hollow Horn was a conspicuous figure in the Roosevelt inauguration parade. He also appeared in the inaugural pa- rade of Wilson, with his bonnet and things. He was shortly after attacked with pneumonia and died here in this city. The face on the lnst $20 gold plece issued was the work of Victor Green- er and supposed to represent that &ood old Indian Thunder-Cloud. He was much sought after by the artists and sculptors, among others F. D. Millet. He married a woman from the Blue Grass rezion. which was noted for the production of a medicine sometimes called “corn whisky.” His daughter ' aspired to the dramatic stage and was educated to that end. Any one who would chance to have in their possession the $5 silve cer- tificate will notice that it bears the effigy of a red man. He was known as Un Pa Pa, Some day the likeness of Chief Jo- seph may appear on some of the gov- ernment issues. It is strange that as| yet Pocahontas has not appeared on the products of the engraving and Jt may be observed that the McKinley and Hurding stamps, independent of value, are somewhat similar, both being printed | in blick ink and white, but there the simile ends. Our stamps are similar though of a different shade, to those In fact. the Postal Union at one time requiréd that all stamps of equivalent denomination should be shown In similar color. The G-cent Roosevelt stamp 1s most appropriate from the fact that it can be used in foreign correspondence to a greater extent than the others, and the genial fuce of Theodore Roosevelt would be recognized all over the world. : It is astonishing that tasre been such a great number of H.rding stamps in dem.nd by col- | lectors, probably running int> the millions. Of course all stamps held | by collectors are a dead gan to the | United States government, as it. is not required to render any service for | the same. | All the stamps In the last issue are commemorative and are of historical Interest to the rising generation. FRANKLIN STEELE. Short School Day Small Children Should Not Be Overtaxed, Is View. To the Editor of The St In The Star of Tuesday, the 16th, there appears on the first page a brief article headed: “District Pupils Eas- | 1y Excel in Thinking Power,” the “pu- | pils” referred to, as further appears, being those in the seventh and eighth grades. In the issue for the following day, In a defense of the five-hour day for the primary grades, Supt. Frank W. Ballou is reported as saying, at a meeting of the Congress of Mothers | in color, has the short school days in the first and sec- | ond grades have kept Washington children below the average in other | cities * ¢ * and that the lengthened | school day is essential to their suc- | cess in higher grades. Is it possible that Dr Ballou was not acquainted with the test referred | to or has The Star been misled? The | two statements read together cer- | tainly require some explanation. Be- | ing ve:y much opposed to the longer schuol day for children of from fve 0 seven years of ase, 1 believe that the true inference to be drawn from ; ing for mental, as for physical en- | deavor, prudence requires that the first efforts be neither too hard nor | long sustained. If it be said that under the - i hour ‘day’ the little chijaren Wil aot | be kept at their studies in the after- | noon, the question naturally arises, | “How can a lengthened day without | more time for study help the children | of Washington to acyuire a higher standing in scholarshi, Disputes 5-Hour Day Need in Primary Grade Parent Says Child Is Not Achiev- ing Results School Head Claims Possible. To the Editor of The Star; The defense of the superintendent of public schools with respect to the five-hour duy for primary grudes is lttle more thun a mere pedugogic point of view to the mothers aud tathers of these little ones. It should be the primary duty of! parents tv heip their children develop @ sound body and it cecuanly foliows that pienty of f(resh wir and lots of | sunshine will do it. | The acquisition of knowledge, once a rugged physique is established, will be thoroughly assimiwuted and this can be taken In easy stages. It is entirely unnecessary to force theso ittle ones to attend a five-hour ses- ion In an endeavor to cram their I1t- tle brains with too much knowiedge, And let it be said right here that the raduates of the Ditrict schuols ave shown equal inteliigence with those of other cities and in com- petitive examinations have always held their own. This being true, why the - bogey" about the primary grade being somewhat behind other cities in the graduation of studies. Concluding, If the five-hour day In any | way affects. the health und dwarfs the “pep” of my boy. which it has to some extent already, I shail , withdraw him -for- the reaion. ex- | lained. O hat profit a child it he gain' kno ane lose s heal 2 meden C. A, QUANTRILLE, 115 E street southeast. —_— Declares Statement In Star Incorrect To the Editor of The Star: I would like to call your attention to a statement in Saturday's Star| that Gen. von Lussow had been com- | mander of the German forces In northwest Africa during the war. Germany never occupled any port.on of ‘morthwest Africa — JOSEPH B. AGAN. I jover one of the divisions. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q. Who wrote “El Capltan” and who starred in 1t?—P. D. K. A. De Wolf Hopper appeared In this | made him have belie opera, which was written by John Phillp Sousa and Charles Kiein. Q If the ancestry of each citizen f the United States could be traced, what country would claim the great- est number of descendants? What Is the salary of a quartermaster ser- geant In the Army?—W. T. B. A. Statistics have never been com- piled showing exactly the ancesiry of all the citizens of the United Of the natlve-born Amer- i . It 1s probble that the major- ity are of British descent. $81 a month. Other sergeants of the Quartermaster Corps recelve $44 a printed cloth and ) nubllcYHbmrles,are;and is’ seldom ca month How many there in America?—G. A The Amerfcan Library Direc- tory lists about 4.000 publie and Car- negle libraries. The list includes libraries In clties of 1,000 population and over. Q. What Is the name of the or- ganization which registers fine dogs? —H. P. A. The American Kennel Club, 221 4dm avenue, New York city, registers 0gs. Q. 4004 BC. for the creation of sher. centuries seem strange.—C. R. B. It has been stated that Bishop |, her used the Exodus as the basis for calculation. In Kings 6 It is stated. “And It came to pass the four hundred and -cightieth year after the children of Israel were out of the land of Egypt, in fourth year of Solomon's reign over |t srael, house’ of Jehovah" To locate the fourth year of Solomcn. It was ne essary for Ussher to go through th. Book of Kings to find somewhere king who could be located through {to the special | mentioned above. i Quarter- | master sergeants of the senior grade | of the Quartermaster Corps receive chintz and cretonne?—W Please explain how the date ! because il the o | world wus arrived at by Bishop Us- , tating the sounds from without wh The four years added to forty ; they heard. !is ‘found that the presence of a high personage who feared being poisoned and who thus put his food to tne test. This test f or confidence (In Latin, credere) and gave the name article of furniture It was not unt!l the twelfth century that the credence table ceased to be primarily a hollow cut into the wall or simply a piece of board and became a piece of furni ture that could be moved about. Q. What is the English equivalent for the Egyptian name “Tut”?—W.T. A. It Is said that this name corre- sponds to the Hebrew “Doud” or Eng- lish “David.” Q. What Is the difference between % comparatively thin is_highly glazed. ally thick and n uneven surface ndered or glazed A. Chintz is a Cretonne strong, is genc often ha Q. What game is calleq the national game In England?>—N. H A. Cricket has this distinction. Q. Is the Salon Carre named for & French collector7—H A. The room is so called because it is squar. Q. What Is the dwarf language?— B. C. A. In_the old Norse the called the dwarf language, thought to be fs within the mountains w echo is probably produs d: 1 Q. Does the time of planting / difference in the life of a pla —R. O. A. The same plant. such as wheat may be an annual If planted earl and a biennial iIf planted late. Simi- larly. plants such as the castor ofl bean, which are perennials in an equa e climate, are often annuals w that he began to build the!p® CHRAICCETE Q. Can a caterpillar sting?—M.E.1 A. The caterpillar does sting and 1t its nettling halrs may contemporancity with some ruler or ibe blown through the air. lodge on event from the outside world. The result of these researches led hm to date the fourth year of Solomon at 1012 B.C., and the exodus. B.C. From these two dates, going backward, he able to fix date of the calling of Abraham and the creation of the world. Q What kind of acid je used | b frost window lights?—L. O A. Hydrofluoric acid Is used window should be cleaned moistened with the acid glass Is frosted enough, it should be washed again. Q. Does the cutting down of trees | affeet crops?—H. S. A. The forest service says that cut- ting down trees has a decided effect on climate and soil fertility. It is an establlished fact that forests tend to prevent extremes of temperature, “ither hot or cold, and thus moderate climate. They also prevent the wash- ing away of so'l. retard and often prevent floods and thus make cultiva- tion of much land possible. Jand which without trees would be arid waste. Q. Do more people live in the city or in the country in the United States? —J. H. P. A. In 1920, the urban population was 54,304,603 and the rural popula- tion was 51,406,017, Q. What was the original purpose of credence tables?™—H. B A. On the credence table were placed the articles of food eaten in the | 1491 ¢ | The ! th then : susceplible When the ; stroke. 1 i person and produce a rash This counts for the stings people often re ceive when there has been no contac with caterpillars. Q by H. Are trees more apt to be stry lightning when it is ralning?— M. A. During ecome drenched with rain Ini to some authoritie Brougnly wet the tree it becomes thundershowers trees Accord- the more the less lghtning is, to Is absolutely non- Q What metal a for cooking porous that can be us utensils?—P L. A. The burezu that no metal of is standards says absolutely non- porous. Such ones as aliminum, tin and iron are sufficiently non-porous for use In the manufacture of cooking utensils. Q. What privile a British su knighthood? A. The conferring of knighthood in Great Britain does not Imply any privilege other than the sociil one of precedence. A knigh. raiks next after a baronet Neither dignity nor title can be transmitted o the heirs. es are gained when is honored with (1f you have a question you want answered send it io The Star Infor- mation Bureau,- Fredevic. J. Haskin 1220 North Capitol str ents in stamps for return n, B postage ) :Typical Pollock England’s Newest Master of Rolls BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Almost as anclent as the post of lord chief justice of England Is that of master of the rolls. to which Sir Ernest Pollock, formerly attorney general, has just been appointed. As such, he has precedence over all the other judges of the supreme court ‘of Jjudicature, with the exception of the lord high chancellor and the lord chief justice, next to whom he ranks. alike In dignity and in emolument, the latter amounting to $30.000 a year. One hears of the master of the rolls at the beginning of the thir- teenth century. and there Is no doubt that, in the origin. he had charge of all the patents, grants and writs un- der the great seal, and that he often . fulfilled the dutles of lord chancellor during the latter's absence In fact, at one time he used to be known as the vice chancellor of the realm. He is the offictal custodlan of all the na- tional records, which date back for more than a thousand years, since time considerably prior to even the Norman conquest; and which, com- prising the Doomsday Book, are pre- served In a large building known as the Rolls house, which opens onta Chancery lane. through an arched gateway. It is precisely on account of his stewardship of the state rec- ords that the master of the rolls is more frequently consulted by the monarch than any other law officer of the crown, on points concerning his prerogatives and duties as a Sov- erelgn. Under the circumstances. It is only natural that he should always, on appointment, be sworn in as a member of the ruler's privy council The lords Jjustices of the supreme court of appeal usually sit in two divislons of three judges, and the master of the rolls always presides and the lord chancellor over the other. His robes are practically identical with those of the lord high chancellor, namely, of a black damask with a train all richly embroidered with gold lace. and. of course, he wears, like the chancellor and the lord chief justice, & full bottomed wig. * % % ¥ The new master of the rolls has the keen legal hatchet face of all the Pollocks and @ wonderfully clear and melodious volce, und may be sald to have really come to the fore In the great war. during which he held the all-important position of chair- man of the contraband committee and of controller general of the forelgn trade department. In both of the: flices he displayed much tact, firm- ss and judgment, which. together with his urbanity of manner and his dignified buaring and appear.nce, created a profound impression upon the German law authorities when he headed the British delegation of law- yers of the crown. appointed 1o watch, together with similar delexa- tions from Italy. France and Bel- gium, the trials and the conviction by German authorities of those Ger- man officers who had rendered them- selves particularly gullty throughout the war of violation of its recos- nized laws. Sir Ernest is the great-grandson of court. Sir Ernest, course. and in accordance with prece- dent, be raised to the peerage, Is ex- trenely wel off, having married one of the duughters and heiresses of the la Sir Thomas Sa't, and has a very charm- ing pace down In Hertfordshire. Another new appointment, made by Premier Stan'ey Baldwin, is that of Col. Wilfred Ash'ey, member of pariia- ment for one of the divisions of Lan- cashire, and son-in-law of the late Sir Ernest Cassell, to the post of under- secretary of state for war. He lost his wife, the only chi'd of that well known financier, some ten years ago, and it 1s her two ‘daughters, Lady Louls Mount. batten and her younger sister, now com- pleting her education at a school in Paris, who_have inherited his colossal fortune. Col. Ash since then, married again, na Hon. Mrs, Forbes Semptil , therefore, the stepmother of Lady Louis Mountbitten. Col. Ashley Is the ldest son of the late Evelyn Ashley. the private sec- retary and biographer nay. almo: the adopted son of Lord Palmerston, the most masterful statesman of the reign of Queen Victorfa Officially, Evelyn Ashley was the fourth son of the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury. the famous philanthronist and lay bishop, who virtually influenced and directed the whole of Lord Palmerston's Epis- copal patronage during his premier- ship and aiso during that of Lord Melbourne. Evelyn Ashley's mother was Lady Emily Cowper. eldest daughter of the fifth Lord Cowper. Hils grandmother, Countess Cowper, wife of that peer, was a sister of Lord Melbourne and. on becoming & widow. married Lord Palmerston, with whom a romantic affection had long_existed On Lord Palmerston's death, his property including his country seat of Broadlands near Romse. passed to Lady Palmerston's second son by her first marriage. to the fifth Lord Cowper and he'was created. In 1880. Lord Mount Temple, at the instance of Palmerston. On his demise without issue. the estates, both In Hampshire and in Ireland, passed to Lady Palmerston's grand- son. the Hon. Eve Ashley. and from him to his eldest son, Col. W fred Ashley, the new undersecretary of state for war. If I have gomo somewhat at length Into this ques- tion. It is because of the confusion and misapprehension which prevaila concerning Col. Ashley’s relationship to the Lord and Lady Palmerston, whose estate he now owns as her great-grandson * x x x Broadlands 1s a beautiful old place which formerly belonged to the St. Burbes, one of whom entertained King James | there. The last baronet, Sir John St Barbe. died there In 1723 The place was then acquired by tho Temples—that is to say, the family of Lord Palmerston. the second vis- count of whom !aving the whole of the old mansign, perfectly Intact, in- closed In an outer shell. His son Lord Palmerston, the statesman, suc- ceeded, in 1812, to Broad ands. and to hs father's Itish peerage, which en- abled him to sit in tl e house of com- mons throughout his long political career, and made his principal home there until his death. Perhaps the nost extraordinary thing about Broad'ands is ti at it does not contain a single stick of new fur< niture. It Is all very much as Lord who will, in due | Palmerston left it: I'ls room, Indeed, David Pollock, one of the most success-, ful suddlers in England. who kept a8 saddler’s shop at Charing Cross in Lon- don in the eighteenth century, and whose three sons became, one a fle'd marshal, high constable of the Tower of London; another chlef justice of Bombay, and|lected. by the sec s virtual'y untouched. and the old premier himself was wont tq pride himself that he had left everything very much as te had found it when Broadlands passed into his hands at the beginning of the last century. Most _of the art treasures were cols d Viseount Pai- the third lord chief baron of the court, merston, who, having a large fortuns, of the exchiequer. recelved the baronetcy of which the It was the latter who | seems to have been a good deal of a connoisseur, a great traveler and an Rt: Hon, Sir Frederick Pollock, judge;enthus'astic collector, buying every- of the admiralty court, is the holder, The first baronet, that is to say, than elghteen chidrem, and Sir_Erneet, his grandson, who will now be com- pelled to resign the seat in parliament which he has he'd for the last fifteen years, Is a son of the late George F. Pollock, who was queen's remem- ‘brancer, and-eenlor masier of the high third | thing t! at took h's fancy. Many of the things which he purchased and the tord chief baron, had no 'e.s!set aside for the eventual adornment of one or another of the rooms or gal- Teries he forgot all ahout, and it ig not so long ago that Col. Ashley came upon a large portfolio which had been purchased by - the second viscount somewhere about 1780, and had neves besn touched from that day.