Evening Star Newspaper, September 27, 1923, Page 6

. THE EVENING STAR,| S0 YVitH Sundhy- Mbrning Baitiom Y WASETNGTON, D C ~THUBSDAY..September 27, 1923 /THEODORE W. NOYES......Editor ii;Evasmr Newspaper Company Office, 11th St. und. Penuaxivania Ave. New York. Office: 110 Kast 420d St » Chicago Office: Tower Balld nglend. o-Bfopéan Office: 18 Regent St.. London; * The Brenmg Stur, the Sunday: momming wedition, is delivered by carriers within the city a0 cente pér momth: daly. only, 45 conte por ‘ ; Sunday only, 20 ceuts per m r- ek ey be ¥ mail. or telophoze Mais o Cofléction is made by carricze at the #84 X eaelr month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday ) i ‘“Daijly only ‘Supday oniy All Other States. ;:Dally and Sunday.1yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85c "Taily only $7.00; 1 mo., 60c ‘Sumday only ; Member of the Associated Press. ., The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 1o the use for republication of all news dis. ateien credited to it or not otherwise credite in_fhis paper and also the local news pub- ~lished berein. Al rights of publication of cial dispatches Lerein are also_veserved. E Eaai —— ® German Troubles. Reaction against the Gergan gov- 'ernment’s decision to end passive re- ~sistance in the Ruhr has come after all. It takes two forms, an outbreak of communism in the Buhr and a monarchical separatist movement in vBavaria. In the Ruhr some 6,000 /miners have quit work in three dis- triets under call for a general strike promoted by radic In Bavaria a dictatorship has been declared under Gustave von Kahr and the constitu- tion has been suspended. At Berlin ‘President Ebert has issued a decree which virtually places the republic under martial law, restricting several constitutional rights, including the freedom of the press, speech and pub- lic assembly, and authorizing domi- eiliary visits and seizures. . Gessler has been named military dictator of Germany. This, in brief. is the situation up.to “the latest available reports. Whether the Berlin government can hold its own remains to be seen. It is men- aced by two completely distinct and fundamentally opposed forces, the radicals and the monarchists. Those two have nothing in common. The in- *dustrial communists of the Ruhr have, 1t is intimated, in mind the establish- ment of a separate state in that area. But the French are there in force, and unless it is the policy of Paris to effect the break-up of Germany it is hardly likely that there will be any serious secession movement in the oc- cupied region, - In Bavaria the situation would seem to be much more serious than in the Rubr. Ever since the armistice was signed there has heen a marked tendency in Bavaria to leave the reich or federal state and to restore the Wittelsbach monarchical regime. ‘Von Kahr, just named military dictator by the secessionists, is a reactionary friend of Crown Prince Rupprecht. An intéresting sidelight on.the Gexr- “man situation develops in a dispatch from Moscow, which shows that close communication. has been maintained between the German communists and the soviet government with a view to ‘the most effective program of co-op- eration. This dispatch indicates that _Moscow is not well disposed toward starting anything in Germany for the present. The communist center in ,Germany lies at the extreme west of that country. If the area of radical reaction were contiguous to Russia there would be a greater chance of *practical co-operation in the event of adoption of a definite program to sovietize westward. But Russia has & probiem of its own just now of great domestic importance, It is far more vital to the soviet to put its own house in order than to carry on the propaganda in foreizn lands. So it would seem to be the present policy at Moscow to hold back and let Ger- many develop its own situation. More Money for Streets. The - District of Columbia division of the American Automobile Associa- tion has presented important facts to “the director of the budget in support ‘of more liberal estimates for the im- provement of streets and roads. The representatives of the automobile as- sociation say that many of our high- ways and streets “are in a deplorable “condition and there are hupdreds of .blocks where houses have been built "Quring the last few years which are ‘provided with no permanent or even temporary pavements enabling resi- dents of those neighborhoods to use the streets in bad weather.” The point is made, as it has been made many times before, that these re dents pay real estate taxes to the Dis~ trict as well as personal and license taxes on their automobiles. District automobiles paid in taxes and fines last year $853,268, which is considérably in excess of the sum that will be spent this year on the repair of streets, avenue# and roads in the District. The association belleves that ‘motor vehicle revenues should be used for street and road mainte- ‘nance and that out of ‘other revenues *should come the money for new wark. With the federal government paying 40 per cent of the cost of improvements, the assoclation says that the District would ‘be justified in spending at least 741,500,000 on highways, of which the motorists would pay gbeut $850,000. Various tables are submitted:in sup- port of the figires. The streets of the Capital of the United States should at least be as good .as those: of any pther capital. "This cannot be brought about unless the estimates submitted by the Com- migpioners:are nllmm!lto stand, Germany' is weary of passive re- - sistance and anxious to get back to “detive business. ‘Washington is to entertain the Inv ternational Association of Electragists early in October, and, of course, the entertainment ‘will ‘Washington is an experienced enter- -ainer and is world-famous as e host. &Whether the entertainment commit- “Itgen will “do it with electricity” is to “be seen, but likely many old-fashioned thingé, such as. handshakes, .smiles, *“welcoms to eur oity,” fried ehicked, {s be satisfactory. ! chiciken, salud, Biucut; cake end i f cream will velied en to make tho‘ 3,000 electragists feel at home. There will be plenty of electricity. There ‘will ‘e 'no candelabra twinkling with | the yellow jets of candles, such as | these eleetrical workers would bave seen had they cole to Washimgion sl cemtury or so age. will be: o keroseme lamps sleaming through | smoky lampsdades. The electragists) will not réad the bill ‘of fake by gas- light, which a few years ago was a | bigger marvel than the classic sevem wonders. - Perhaps the light and pow- er experts who will come to Wash- ington, a century hence will light their banquet-with sunshine drawn Sol during the day and stored for use at night. One feels that in some ways Wash- ington may disappoint the electra- giste.” They will not see as much electric light in our grand avenues .s ought to shine there. If, after sup~ per, they drive through the residence streets they will note with what cau- tion, nay, with what stinginess, elec- tric light is used, though taxpayers stand ready, anxious, to set up a 1923 style of street lighting. 1If the vis- itevs go into the close-built-and bigh- taxed parts of the city which used to be “the suburbs,” one fears they may say ' sonfething. abeut Cimmerian darkness, the blackmess of the Styx, and all that. Them, if they go to Great Falls' and down the river to Little Falls, they will see millions of tons of water delng mothing but per- forming an act of scenery. They will say: “‘What a8 waste of power!” and “How long have the Washingtonese been asieep at the switch! But the electragists mugt forgive this seem- ing fault. Viashingtom cam prove an alibi. Plans have beem drawn and surveys made for “harnessing”’ the Potomac river ever since man found that eléctricity eould be generated by water power. et The Auto and the Streets. Traffic congestion and the parking of cars were discussed by the Motor and Accessory Manufacturers’ Asso- ciation, in convention’at Boston, and a great pumber of suggestions were made by men familiar with conditions and whe have a sincere desire to im- prove them. It is doubtful whether any suggestion made at the meeting would ‘be considered practicable by merchants and autoists in Washing- ton, and the problems are clearly of ! immense ‘difficulty. The representa- tive of the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce advecated new boulevards, detours for through traf- fic, parking spaces in basements of business buildings, and the use of open lots for parking. In Washing- ton there is no parking space in busi- ness buildings, nor are there available vacant lote. Y A special deputy commissionei of the New York police department sug- gested that heavy trucks be operated only between midnight and 6 o'clock in the morning. This would be revo- lutionary and business methods would have to be made over. Hardships would be placed on builders and mer- chants, and we would have the prob- lem of night noise. One’of the sug- gestions of the editor of the American City Magazine was that streets be widened. We would have to tear down and rebuild the central part of Washington. The superintendent of police of Chicago told that Chicago has a no-parking ordimance from 7 to 10 am. and 4 to 7 p.m. applicable to the business section of the city and thirty-minute parking rule for all the other hours of the day. This would be a hard rule for Washington, but we are prebably headed toward the adoptien of one like it. Chicago's chief’ of police said . that the city is under no obligation to fur- nish parking space for automobiles, and that auto ewners traveling be- tween home and office and who do not employ chauffeurs should use the strect cars. The commissioner of public safety of New Orleans said that eone-way rule will have to be adopted for all sireets less than sixty feet wide and that office buildings and depart- ment stores will have to provide checking garages for tenants and patrons. It may be that in the future we shall come to the construction of cen- tral checking stations, and that office bufldings and department stores will set aside the basement and first floor for parking cars, but these measures are some way in the future and would entall vast expense. Another eauthor- ity would keep trolley cars out of the business section and operate them to the ‘edge of the business zone, there transferring passengers to busses. Washington and other cities are face to face with a stiff proposition: be- cause of the increase of automobiles. —— Bulgaria's premier declares that his nation will fight against communism, for herself and for the world. Itisa plucky announcement and puts a comparatively small country for the moment in an attitude of important leadership. —_——— Mr. Lasker has been asked to.throw the light of his experience on the in- tricate detalls of Shipping Board man- agement. It will probably be & long story, but President Coolidge is a good Hstener. i ! | | | Rhinelanders sy thai all they want is peace. They do mot enjoy a geo-~ graphical location particularly favera- bie to this worthy aspiration, - Coinmakers’ Long Day. As an employer of labor the govern- ment of the United States is often behingd the processton, though it reads meny lectures to private employers. There cannot be a doubt that the gov- ernmant has played an impressive and suceessful part in bringing about im- provement in many lines of private employ, and in various ways it has improved and is' seeking to improve further the conditions in its'own work- | shops. Attention ig being called in Philadelphia to the fact that the twelye-hour workday is practiced'in a government plant there. One of the great things done President Harding in the days near the close of his life was to align puble opinion. against the twelveshour: day in_the steel industry. The steel com- panies came to the eight-hour day through pressure’ of public -opinion, because of the opposition: of o {to Tabor, bene ui the stee! milke and because many men high in the industry believed that an eight-hour day would be more hus ‘mane, that it. might promote peace in | the industry @and might be financially pre@itable from the emplayers' view. | 1t fs said by the Philadelphia Ledger that “the twelve-hour dey still chains men to red-hot ‘furnace doors here in Philadelphia, but instead. of meiting steel they are mdlting wold and silver, no less het for being more precious.” These men are wdrkers in the United States, mint. They Iwork in two twelve: hour shifts because jt is more “eco- nomical” ta the government. ' The steel companies used to harp on that *‘economy” string.; The mint workers, turning out “coin of the realm,” get from $4 to $6.50 for eight hours’; work, and for the other four hours are pald at the same rate, They know nothing about “time and half-time" umless thpy have heard abaut 1t outside the mint. It is said that the Treasury and mint officials would correet. the. situation if ‘they could. They lay the blame on Con- gress. There is so much work to be done, and there is only enough money appropriated to do it with men work- ing twelve hours a day. It is likely that the situation Wwill be discusssed in Congress at the next session. —_——————— rich no longer flaunt in carriages past the plodding tofler. ‘The rick man fs trudging patiently along for' the sake | of the exercise, while the toller speeds to the job in a flivver. Ewen in this era of mechanical and commercial de-, velopment the spirit of irue democracy is powerfully manifested. ——— Predictions are made . that (he old- time waltz will return.: The dancing craze reaches old as well as young, but the modern dances have- become 8o lacking in motion that they do not enable grandfather to become suf- ficiently interested to' forget his rheumat , The farmer wants freight rates that will enable him to buy cheaply what he requires and sell to advantage what he produces. In this demand he speaks not:as @ member. of a particu- lar class, but the common language of the regular business man Mussolini assumes toward the league of nations the attitude of & man who was not consulted when it was drawn up, and who, therefore. feels no per- sonal responsibility in the matter: —_——— Opera singer says she has a way reduce weight, by .means of “small, light blue pill." Music speaks all"Jangiages, éven' that of the med- ical’ prescription. The ZR-1 is the especial admiration of ‘the New Jersey citizens; a means of transportation that can go at top speed all the time without fear of & grade-crossing accident. ‘While not reckless in the matter of loans, the U. 8. A. continues to equip velief expeditions regardless of ex- pense. i The responsibilities of a state legis- lature have not for some time been regarded as particularly great. Okla- homa has set a new pace. Several countries on the European map regard it as their historic mis- sion to create trouble for greater na- tions to take charge of. - Germany's military autocracy was eontemplated as threatening the world. Her riotous communism y soon be | regarded as doing the same thing. An aviator performs far more dan- gerous and thrilling feats than a pugl- list and does not take up nearly as much space in print. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JGHNSON. ‘The Moon Just Smiled. The moon just smiled, _ When the airship seemed to brush her face In the grand display of reckless grace While the rockets shone and the bombe were heard In hint of the strife that may yet be stirred. ‘While fearful fancies our mood be- gulled, The moon just smiled. The moon just smiled. “I am the harveat moon,” she said. “I have no sense of doubt or dread. in spite of the terrors that come and go, The flow'rs will bloom and the crops will grow,” Scorning the threat of a world run wild, The moon just smiled. . Make-Up. “Do you think people should be al+ lowed to wear disguises in publi ‘“No,* answered Senator Sorghum. “It's wrong, whether the motive is mischief in & man’ or personal vanity in a lady." Jud Tunkiny says money talks, ‘but the Germmn mark has gotten toe hoarse even to whisper; Space Limitations. | “We don't take children flat,” ‘said the landlord, “No,” Tejoiried the large applicant; nor, judging from the size of the rooms, fat peaple either.” . The Middiéman Says, Nothing, The farmer and the city man. - - Have differed ‘siice the world began, The one says prices are too low, "The other that too high they go. “Can I sell you a set of Shdke- ‘speare?” asked the affable agent. ' .- “I don't think g0’ replied the pa- tient permon,- “but I won't-say for sure. After thinking over a lot of things I've been persuaded -to buy, almost ‘anything_seems possible." in this “You can’t blame -old Satan.'foh havin’ & mean dispoesition,” said Ungle ben, “considerin’ some. o' de people ‘s compelied to ‘soclate Wit 55 o of tmminent trouble in ]’ Thanks to the fiwver, the haughty XIV—Caech GTON, D.. -6, THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 7. | Can Europe Hold T.ogetlllel"? qslovakiar—~The ‘Champion of Deflation. l Five years ago Cséchoslovakia w: built by wrecking Austria; Hungary .and part of Germany. Those nations before weya all prosperaus ‘economic units, supporting’ a combined popu- lation of one hundred millions of people. Today each Is an economic wreck, incapable of supporting. ove the bread line even one-half their former Populgtien. - This new nation was handed more than 85 per cent of all-the industri of old Austria and Hungary com- bined. As a result she is today one of the richest countries in Eyrope; I believe the richest in agriculture. | She is capable of raising three times the food necessary to sustaln her own people. Her surplus food export is the largest of any nation In Bu- rope. He® forest and mineral re- sources—wood, coal, Irom, copper, ®old, silver—are very great. or industrial activities are also very large—nearly as large as her agri- culture, Her government is demo- cratic and efficient. It is modeled after the KFrench system, with a chamber of deputies, senate and & president elected by the two hounes. Universal suffrage and proportional representation are included in their constitution adopted in 1920, Her area (54,264 square miles) is siightly smaller than that of Iowa, while hor population (13,395,000 1s_‘more than five times that of Towa. this country so interesting? * % ¥ She is entirely surroupded by na- tions whose economie and financial positions have grown steadily worse since the war. These nations are Germany, Poland and Rumania, on the north, and Austria and Hungary, on the &outh. Yet Czechoslovakia has not only kept from currency infla- tion, but_has actually practiced de flation. ‘The contrast is striking, as we shall sce. In a national way her exports are more than her tmports, She Is one of the few countries In Europe able to say that. She has no problem to meet ‘along this line. We can say that Czechoslovakia has the natural resources and indus- trial expansion at this time to main- |tain herseif an economic unit. {This, of course, is in sharp contrast to ail her neighbors. In government finances she has de- liberately “adopted the policy de- flation. "Let us follow the procedure. It is extremely Interesting. * o ow % In March, 1919, Dr. Raisin, the min- ister of finance, closed the borders of Caechoslovakla for ten days. No i paper or out. He called in all the paper money for stamping and retained as @ forced loan half of the notes pre- sented. That act reduced the bank notes by ‘nearly 27 per cent. Then e established the “banking office of the ministry of finance” and gave It the sole power to isue all further { paper money. The next step was a capltal levy placed on all property to cover the unsecured bank notes notes outstanding. The -amount _of paper money creased from 12,300,000,000 kronen in December. 1921, with less than 1 per cent gold reserve, to $,837,000,000 kronen on May 21, 1923, with' 30 per cent gold) reserye. She has actually deflated her cur- money was allowed to go in/ l l What makes ! it. and treasury 1 fortunately de- | jstabllity, BY JOHN F. rency. " What- happened? When the volume of goods in- greases faster than the volume of money, prices in terms of gouds &Ko @own ‘énd the villue of money, based on_its purchasing power, goes up. Just the reverse of inflation. you see. In Caechoslovakia the velume of goods increased. The volume:-of mon- ey “ decreased. Prices went- down. loney went up. I recelyad 86 kronen for $1.when I'arrived in Prague, the oapital gity, the first time, In July, 1921. In June of this ‘year 1 got only 33 kronen for $1. . Her money was rising even against that of the United States * K ¥ ¥ ‘What about prices of goods?, They reached the peak:in Dceember, 1921, when the outstanding uncqvered Daper .money was greatest.. Since then prices have been going down. It takes just $100 now fo purchase what $166 did in 1921. Who gets the beneft? Mr.. Roth, a_ banker of- Czechoslo- vakia, Joaned Mr. Hirst, a merchant, 31,000 to purchase® goods in Decem- ber, 1921. " The loan was to draw 6 per cent and to mature in eighteen months. That would seem fke a fair proposition. All right. . Pay- ment day arrives. Mr. Roth must have the money. But Mr. Hirst finds he must dispose of $1,660 of his stock to pay the $1,000 note. Prices have gone dowp—money gone up. He pays What did the banker make? Based on purchasing power, Mr. Roth ot 390 interest plus $660 of Mr. irst's stock of goods, or a total of $750. That is 50 per cent profit an- nually when the merchant expected to pay the banker 6 per cent. That's deflatio: Deflation is a soclal pickpocket. He works against only one class of peo- ple—those who owe money. He works for only one class—those to whom money is owing. He never changes tactics, friends or enemie 1 belleve deflation is even a worse curse than inflation. Deflation robs those least able to bear it and the consequent suffering covers a much larger area of soclety than does the suffering caused by iis evil brother— inflation. * % ¥ X This is not quite all. Deflation has plunged Caechoslovakia into an eco- nomie crisis of the first magnitude Her export trade has fallen off. Stocks of goods. have depreciated, costs of production have risen and unemployment has grown to huge proportions. Today one worker in seven 1s out of work and two more in the seven work part time. Bank- rupteles, fajlures and sulcides have followed in éver-increasing numbe: Two large banks have closed the doors. The national income is shrinl ing, making taxes much harder ralse. No nation has tried harder than Czechoslovakia to walk the straight and narrow _ path. She followed strictly the doctor's orders and' took the deflation dope. The medicine has hurt 2nd not helped her. But Caecho. slovakia is beginning to see now thal it =o't inflation or deflation, but that is needed. Her first line of defen is not a large army, which ehe, un- hae, nor a fleet of bat tle planes, which she also has, but the #ood will' of her neighbors working out together a new industrial ma- chine of exchange to replace the old one the war destroyed. (€opyright, 1825, -in United States apd Great BEriETe vy Korth Amctiens. Newmbrar ance. Al rights reserved to therefore. CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS The most expensive word in Amer- ica is “subsidy.” The United States taxpayer is pay- ing some $20,000,000 annually—not i for its use, but for the right to avold it. It is ilke the child's definition of salt: “It makes potatdes taste bad when you don’t put any on. * k% % There are now in operation by the governmment 238 cargo ships and 24 of miscellaneous classes. There are idle 909 steel, 9 wooden and 9 con- crete ships, besides some tugs. Total, 1,334, vessel: A Shipping Board survey of the vessels as to serviceabllity reports: Class A, 427 steel vessels, not re- quiring over $35,000 repair; Class B, 177 steel vessels, requiring in excess of §35,000 alterations or re- pairs. Class C. 84 steel vessels, with un- economical machinery, to be replaced at a cost of $100,000 per ship, Class D, 356 steel vessels, requiring extensive alterations—desirable hulls for Diesel propulsion. 3 Class E, 175 steel vessels, unsuita: ble for. American flag operation. Class ¥, 40 vessels, obsolete type. Special type, 3 Army transports, 3 assenger vessels of the ex-enemy, 11 but 3 in spot condition. Tugs—35 steel ocean-going tugs, oil burners. Also 362 ships in primé cendition, being in operation, not surveyed. * ok ok Our coast-trade vessels already have & subsidy, in the form of a mo~ nopoly of all intervoastal traffic, en- ling them to, charge profit-bearing: rates; therefore, they are not in- volved in the transoceanic prgblem. Railroads exist without a :ubuldy because they can fix rates, independent of competition with other ‘countries. The desire of the government is to put the merchant.marine into pri- vate ownership. It will sell the ships P al 3| of tonnage. only with the guaranty by the buyer that they will be operated for years as & transoceanic xtullnt marine, on urulg agreed lines. The Shipping Board now operate: part of the fleet at an annual loss approximating $50,000,000. It can find po buyers, in view of that known loss, unless some plan can be de- vised to &vold the deficit. . 1f a pation be dependent service for trapsporting its exports| and imports, that service will, inevi- tably, diseriminate -in favor of the eommerce of its own mation. roducers who have.a surplus gort. 1t . will . fail, el of war, when we need: transports. 2 * koK % : Every important nation world today except the United State: subsidizes its merchant marine. Great Britain does it by mafl sube wventions, Germany, ‘prior:to the war, gave! PN : since the war. she| A tentative plan, succeeding the mail subvention: hes voted the shipping interests 12,. ve |sidy of $30,000,000, ace at | ent ‘laws. means & loss to farmers and all other | maney—either -cash on in ‘the ], and other nations subsidize their ships, either directly or by mail sub- ventions. * k¥ ¥ subsidies have existed in America since early days, when ship- bullders u‘ufe exempted from military duty. One of the early acts of Con- gress (July 4, 1789) was to pass a ship subsidy law allowing & préfer- ential rate of 10 per cent of the cus- toms duties on goods imported in ships built and owned by Americans. It also allowed American vessels to enter our ports with a tonnage duty of anly 6:cents a ton, while all other Ship * ok ok % From 1794 to 1850 tariffs on goods In alien vessels bore an extra duty of 10 per cent, in place of the forraer 10 per cent reduction for imports brought in American vessels. In 1845 a direct subvention was es- tablished as a subsidy; this was fur- ther strengthened in 1847. Our ocean tonnage consequently grew from 20.- 370_tons in 1849 to 115,045 tons in 1855—taking the lead, t 1855—ta ad, then, of all Reductlons in subsidies date fr soon after 1855, with proportional loss Up to this period sailing vessels weve almost exclusively used, but never since steam began to re- place sails—since 1860—has the United States regained its lead. From 1860 to 1591 our commerce dwindled from 5.2 Per cent to 8.2 per cent. * ¥ % % President Cleveland urged a re- subsidizing of the merchant marine, and In 1891 secured a law giving di- rect ald to mail and cargo steamers— helpful, but fnadequate. In 1908 the Gallinger bill to increase mail subvention was passed by the Senate, byt defeated in the House. With President Harding's urgent support Senator Jones and Represont. ative Greene introduced identical sub- sldy bills in February, 1922; passed in the House, fillbustered dead in the Senate. This would have given & sub- cording to official * & %k ¥ 7 . Following the defeat of the Jones- Greene bill, the Lasker-Farley plan Proposed to organize elghteen cor. porations which would buy the ships, timates. t upon &lies | Payidg for them in corporatian-stock, Attorney - General Daugherty rules that this is Aot parmitfed under pres- The sales ‘must -be for Ve tQ ¢x- | credits-. for: fixed - sumy Ty in chae | Bt Batar The raling dses oo cuss the merks of the plan i Congress seea Bt 1o lewaties pe " O Opponents of the plan say the gav- rnment - would get nOTRINE ock, -and its-uitimate unlllulql{ It would money would be dependent on profits of its own stack. e carryingthe aame risk that it does MOW, With no share of the net profits. e ¥ Lasker-Farley ssles plan, Is to. lease cover} the -ships. to the ‘eighteen cdrpora- < ce sold. merchan! i the war, but is now rebuildl; is subveni: storing them by ow, 0,000 ‘lire—aixteern | logality of the 81 sed by ubs| n * the $30,. ips. imes more 0,000 “refu e to _lts-ewn sh y ‘marire | and” T8 | Jossees. t- by - nl_toa. a.ute;u3 ::n“yl tions,” the' pevernment rotalnihg fitle ertain’ Broad control . of, .the Chairman Farley -of the- Bhippin Board is mfl!l{ ] epu‘;x a8 to the easing scheme, the same standpoint as that p Attqrney ‘Genéral Daw erty the “stock’ sales plan: ghbor. Canada, helps her|dent Coolidge .Is- now "taking . counsel of therAttorney General regardiiig the leage plan. If that is barred, the v matter n for Lo ~ |among p Itenigent and {for fine illustration at a time when ithe country w. CHT The North Window BY LEMLA’MECHLIN After remindingus that “Allce— the only widely ¢elebratod Allce ‘in literature—-took little interest in a book 1¢ it had pa pletures,” and con- fessing that e himself formed an in- -stant prejudice~-against “The Out- line of Litergture” because of it illustrations, Edmund Lester Pear- son, in a ‘ent article in the Out- look’s Book£Table, -calls attention to the relatiopf pictures to books. There is & common misconception ers as well as read- rs chat jllustrations add tp the in- térest of a book, regardless of wheth- er they are good or bad. The first {Yolume of “The Outline of Litera. iture” is not the only book that has been spolied for some persons by its poor or _ ill-fitting -illustrations; their name -is leglon, and on this account there are many among us who really gloat over the handsome- ly printed book which has no illus- trations at-all, For an art lover this may seem an extraordinary confes- ion, but what |s worse than to have two good things ill-mated; and often s not the marrlage referred to is on a far lower. plane, for the art which goes into the illustrations is of a very mediocre sort. * ok o* % Ta be a, great illustrator one must be & great artist, and of such there are few. The lllystrator cannot be a mere picture-maker; he must be able to grasp the idea and intention of the writer and to visualize in & universal ‘way his conception. If the author isa | powerful writer his word-pictures jare sufiiciently graphic for the read- to form his own conception, and in such cases a weak interpretation is rather an insult than a joy. We know that the very scenes depicted jwere difficult in reality, the reality { which the author has created through {his_gonfus with his pen. For this jvery reason it i an extremely dan- gerous feat to attempt to have new illustrations fitted to an old tale, one which is well known and widely pop- ular. Occasionally it has been done with success, but to achieve such su the illustrator must have su- perlative interpretive ability. Edwin Abbey’'s Shakespearean illustrations were_ superb, but even they did not satisfy every requirement, nor should this be expected of them. We have many interpretations of Hamlet on the Stage. There is room for variety in pictorial interpretation as well, but as in_the drama. so in graphic art, a poor representation is a hate- { ful thing and had better not exist. * ok ok Some books, however, have been greatly enhanced through the art of the illustrator. One comes to mind instantly=—Mrs, Burnett's “Little Lord Fauntleroy.” illustrated by Reginald Birch. It should he remembered, how- ever, that the iHustrations and the ibook reached the public simultane- ously and that the illustrator suc- ceéded in creating a type which com- pletely satisfied the ideal set forth by the author. Once and for all time | Reginald ch fixed the appearance, establisned the individuality of the Little Lord Fauntleroy that Mrs. Bur- nett ereated. On the other hand, as an excmple of an old work repictured, there is “The Vicar of Wakefleld,” ' reprinted in {1897 by the Macmillan Company, with | illustrations by Hugh Thomason. On the whole long shelf of books de- lightfully illuatrated nonme is more deserying_of place than this little olume. The illustrations are inim- |itable; they illuminate the text; they are works' of art; they are the per- fection of illustration.” Or, again, let lus note a little volume of narrative ipoems—"Dorothy Q.” and others, by | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Issued by the i Riverside Press, Cambridge, in 1893, !'with _exquisite illustrations by our {own Howard Pyle, one of the great illistrators that this country has produced. Here again picture and decoration, accord with the text and not only embellish but etucidate. The drawings are almost all in pen and ink and they are done with a certain piquancy which adds to their merit.” Howard Pyle was both writer and illustrator and some of his best work was produced by way of jllustrating his own tales. Naturally, in this in- | stance, -there was no comflict; the vision 'was one and the same. There are in the book world happy instances of copartnership along these lines between husbands and wives, as, for example, Mr. and Mrs. Pennel the late Walter Hale and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Thornton Oakle. The Women. in al] three instance: been the writers, the men the illus- trators, and the. illustrations have to a great extent been of things or places seen together. * % ¥ % Royal Cortissoz, in an introduction te the Annual of the Soclety of Ii- lustrators, published by _Charles Scritmer in 1911, which, ala; {no successors, {edition of ‘Washington Sketch Book, which was brought out in 1863—a pioneer effort of a group of notable artists to Increase in- discriminating taste groaning under the {sorrows of war. It was a sumptuous volume; the lllustrations were en- graved from original designs and Mr. Cortissoz pays the artists the high eompliment of declaring that they did their best to collaborate with the printer, . producing works which showed' sensitiveness to s and pictures well balanced, never di locating the typography. But he ad- {mits that the massive book, “with its honest paper, its admirable type, its really workman-like gilding and its handsome_ binding, today ‘“hope- lessly. old-fashione Such a book brings to mind the huge volumes of Tennyson's poems and the other poD- ular works which lay on the marble- {top parlor tables of the seventies and inspired with awe through the medium of their full-page steel en- gravings the little ones of the fam- ily, who with freshly washed hands were allowed as a great privilege to turn thelr leaves. And what has be- come of all the books that Do lustrated? ¢ *ok ok ok But what fine works were done by some of the illustrators in America in the elghtles, before the half-tone process had come into vogue, elimi- nating many difficulties, but also curtailing certain _privileges, par- ticularly that of individuality: John W. Alexander's famous portrait of Walt Whitman was painted for the purpose of reproduction (lhroufih the medium of wood engraving) in one of the leading magazines. Robert Blum was making charming sketches at that time. of Salvini, Joe Jefferson and -Irving in their several roles. Frost-was beginning his delightful pic- torial representation of rurallife, which, happily, is still géing on, More and more the illustrators of this ‘country: have -turned to cotem- orary themes. -Remington helped to eaq the way in that direction by his sketches of western life. Charles Dana Gibson has done nof a little through his rather satiric tations -of American -soclety. Remington and Frost and Gibson are not such’ iHustrators as Pyle or Thomson or Elihu Vedder. inasmuch as they have pictorially interpreted Tl e = e created In-words n or. - - A But to return to Mr. . Béarson's criticism of the. illustrations, in “The Outline -of Literature.” These are not, it>seems; original warks, but repro- ductiohs” 6f p.:'munn Tnever intended ag»illustrattons;: which have ‘Become hackneyed rough reproduation. Perhaps partiof the n for the nhrzjudlcu:l,lnlrmbn' arose through 1l i i by “uncprisclous - realisation - that economy: on the part of the publish- ers-was responsiblé for this‘choice. Such illustrations cost next t6 noth- ing. The copyright; if ‘it ever exist- ed. has run out. 'They‘are every one’s property, and the werst of it is that no oné:js a great work,, They haye told ‘their e -and they. now find_themselves with: Jjttle .to. a place wherein - théy” do’ ‘Wot’ They were created as easel pictures. | bave | | | Bequen “ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY PREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. What was the original use of the old stone houses at the corper of 17(3 and B streets northwest?—M.| 'A."On the southwest corner of 17th and B is the old lockhouse of the canal company. On the southeist corner s the building which housed the United States fish commission. Q. It is said that Roosevelt could read a_ page almost s quickly as some people read a line. How did he do i7—M. A. T. A. Pregident Roosevelt was able to read very fagt by a method commonly known as visuslization of the text; that is, the eye covered more than one word at & time, and long practice enabled the brain 10 register what the eve covered. Q. How many_quarts of blood are in & man's body?—C, L. A. In a man who weighs 170 pounds there will be about thirteen pounds, or ¢ six quarts, of blood, The amount of blood ranges from 6 to 7.7 per cent of the. weight of the body. . Q. When were the organ, melodeon, | plano and player-piano invented?” E..H, (] A. Ctesibius is credited with the in- vention of the organ, about 200 B.C. The melodeon is an sarly American organ knowg since 1325. The piano is attributed to Bartolommeo Christo- fori, about 1708. Early in the nine- teenth century attempts were made to invent a mechanical piano; the per- forated roll was not invented, how- ever, until 1887. Q. What pests do bats destroy?— D. L. B. A. Bats destroy many small insects, being particularly valuable as- de- stroyers of mosquitoes. Q. What is a nulla?—L. §. P. * A. In India this name is given to a ‘ravine or dry watercourse, while in Australia a nulla, or nulla-nulla, is a hardwood club used by the abo- rigines. Q. What will improve the ance of an old fur scarf?—E. P. A. A fur scarf that looks a bit shabby may be brightened up by rubbing well Into it a mixture of hot sand and sawdust and beating it out again. appear- Q. What is the meaning of “files on parade” in Kipling's “Danny Dee- ver"?—A. H. D. A. The term is applied to the com- mon soldier. A file consists of a front rank man and the man in the rear rank immediately behind him. private_soldiers and sometimes cor. porals stand and march in the ranks. Q. Where 3re the largest pack- ing houses?—K. C. A. The largest packing houses in the world adjoin the Union Stdck Yards in Chicago. an area of 500 acres, and hold at one time thousands of catile and several hundred thousand sheep and hogs Here the hogs are slaughtered and “dressed.” During this work the car- casses are closely inspected by gov ernment officlals. Q. What is the best wood from which to get tinder?—W. J. L. A. “Boy Life” says that cedar is best. . Has the gold carried by the Laurentic been salvaged? Q. A. Practically all of the $30,000,- 000 in gold bullion carried by the liner when she sank off the coast of Ireland has been recovered. Divers worked ninety feet under water, sal- vaging not only the gold hullion, but also about $5,000,000 in silver specie. . What southern state leads in the production of pecans?—F. H. _A. Georgla leads the south as. a only | These yards cover | pecan _state. having aboui $0,00 acres devoted (o this crop. g Q. Where 18 the International con- vention of humane societies to held?=A. W. K. : { ,A. Representatives of societies for | the preyention of crucity to children and antmals and of afliated ho- manitarian work 4will hold a con- ference in New York city, O.tober 22 to 27. B Q. Do wire performers nse a or a flat wire?—J. R. A. The stage manager o vaudeville house says that g1 {or tight wire artists never u wire for stage performances. osmnd Q. How long a leap does the kar- garoo make?—E. S. T. A, When. standing erect, the gia kangaroo is nearly as tall as a n and in full flight makes bound ot from ten to twelve. feet. g Q. Was James Thorpe, the Indfan disqualified ‘after winning the Olym- pic games?—N. G. ) A. Some months after he won the jall-round Olympic championship Stockholm, In 1812, the statement wa made that James Thorpe had plaved professional base ball in North Car lina some twe or thre ars previ- ously. Thorpe admitted this frankiy whereupon he was repudiated as an amateur, and he returned his trophies Q. How many Germans were there in England at the time of the oui- break of the'world war’—H W. 3 ©A. In’1914, at the beginning of th European war, there were 27,200 G | mans of military age in Great Britain What was “shew bread"?—E. M S A. The shew bread was a kind of take or bread placed upon the al and removed from thence only for use of the high priest and family. 8. ) . The palace of San Souci at Pofs- dam, erected in 1745-47, for Frederick the Great, is copied after the palace of Versdilles, and is sometimes known as “the Versallles of Prussia.” { | s Q. Woodrow Wilson was said to have been slccted Bresident in 1918 because he “kept us out of war." Was a President ever elected who ¥ Pledged to get us into war?—D. Y. A. Madison was renominated bv® { the repulffioan or democratic party in 1812 on “his express .agreement to declare war against Great Britain Q. Can a-~lot in a cemetery bhe seized or attached for a debt of the owner?>—M. P. R. A. A grave, vault or burial lot in vhich bodies are interred cannot be ized for.deht, nor can the owner raise a mortgage or loan on it Q. To whom are goverpment ther- mometers given?—L. A. T. A. Government’ thermometers issued by the weather bureau {points where weather observati are desirable and where persons willing to render observations free of charge to the weather bureau. Q. T have hens which are lay fine large white eggs. The shells o thin that they break very eagily What will improve them?—G. G. A. The poultry division savs ti reason the shells of the eggs are = thin is that the hens are not gettin enough lime and oyster shell fop This is fed separately and not wi other foods, { i ' = (If you have a question you wan! ‘answered send ii to The Star Infor- mation Bureav, Frederic J. Haskis, - director, 1220 North Capitol strect Inclose 2 cents in stamps for return ppstage.) Late Ma;‘quis of Ripon Held Britain’s Gre BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. England has lost, through the death of the second and last Marquis of Ripon, her' greatest game shot. His records of 750 pheasants in a day, to his own gun, the most difficult sort of a bird to shoot by reason of its rocketing flight; of 950 rabbits with just 1,000 cartridges on another day, and of 500 grouse, have never been beaten, the only one who came any- where near him having been the late Lord Walsingham, whose aim was so sure that he used to shoot WI.ADI on the wing with a mlnlntl.lre rifle. Indeed, Lord Ripon had to his record over 400,000 head of game during the last thirty years. E Like his father, the cabinet minister and viceroy of India, whom he ac- companied to ‘Wwashington in 1871 as secretary of the royal Alabama claims commission, of which the old statesman was president, he was quite short and stocky, presenting in this respeet a striking contrast to his very handsome and popular wife, who possessed the unusual stature and stateliness-of carriage of her brothers, the late Lord Pembroke and the late Sir Michael- Herbert. She was the moving spirit of the Covent Garden Opera, which owed its success as an ic and social feature of each $ artisti London season (o her enlhuslas(!ri support and to the financial backing | of her enormously wealtby husband, who shared her musical tastes. For, although it was not generally known, Lord Ripon had & ‘wonderful tenor voice, trained by Jean de Reszke, and ¢ was musio that drew the late Marchioness of Ripon, even when she was a young girl, and, afterward, as wife of the late Lord Lonsdale, so 1y to Queen Alex- spent in playing duets. * K k% Edward VII and -his consort were among the most intimate friends of the Ripens and were iargely instru- mental in bringing about her second marriage to the late marquis, after she had become engaged, in turn, to two.men, who, each. of them, left her dn the lurch and broke off the match uite late in the day on the discover :‘nn she had more debts than fortun She had been treated in the most shameful manner by her first hus- band, the late Lord Lonsdale, who squandered his great wealth and thed @ large fortune upon @& former Galety actress, now a'peereds of the realm, to whom he left an in- come of near a quarter of a million dollars, while he made no provision for his widow and daughter. That the then Lady Lonsdale made no httempt to gecure redress for the wrohgs which had recelved:at his hands, either in the divorce tribunal or in ghat of probate in_ connection with Ris' testamentary dispositions, ‘was keenly appreciated at court as having saved society from mot ong. bnt - several, disgraceful’ scandald, ueen Vi being especially ap- ‘previative for! ce. on her part. King ward, the most for- ‘glving of men, bore & hearty grudge against the two men who had jilted her 'by reason of her Imz;l:unlosny. at the personal instance of Lady Ripon, the other was never pardoned, and it was by reagon:of this roval prejudice that,. although.a conspicugus. figure: onsthe turf and possessed of a large and costly racing stable, he was pers sistently “pilled” by the Jockey Club 7. klu-wzt.-lro “fonger ‘}retived’ to Studleigh Royal, whera. atest Game Shot dra’s kindness to Lady Ripon ex- | tended also to her daugnter, now | Lady Julia Trevor, and it was largely | due to their influence that her first marriage was brought about with the late Sir Robert Vivian Duff of Vaynol one ‘of the greatest and wealthie territorial magnates in Engliud. owner of the Vaynol estates, cele- | brated for their slate quarries and | which have been in the uninte hundred years, some of the farm the Vaynal estate having been oe- cupled by the same families for five centurles or more. Vaynol now be- longs to her little boy by Sir Robert, who was killed in the great war. anji she maké€s her home there with har second husband. In the park there roam and thrive one of the only two hends “of - American bison in tbe Unfted Kingdom, as well as » huge colony:of American beavers. * % ok ok Lord Ripon, who after King ward’s demise, in 1910, became trea urer of the household of Queen Alexandra, and remained in attend- ance on her until his death, bore the patronymic of Robinson, his family having been founded by Robinson, lord mayor of York, in the -reign of Queen Elizabeth. He carried on a very large trade with Hamburg, and his son was likewise lord mayor of York, while his grand- son was a member of parliament for that, city. Indeed, in each gencration until the ‘middle of the eighteenth century, the head of the Robinsen family ‘was identified with the city of York as its chief magistratc or as its representative in the house of commons. Sir William Robinson, the first baronet of the line and lord mayor of York, married the daughter of ~George Aislable of Studle Royal. It was owing to this alllance that Studleigh Royal came into t family of Robinsons on the death, just a hundred vears ago, of Mi Georgiana .Aislabie, the last of the family. The 'bést known member of the latter - was her grandfather, John Alslable, who remains on record as , hpving, -while. chancellor. of- the ex- * chequer, _promated. - and pasged through parllament the bill for thefs enterprise eventnally known as “The South Sea Bubble* which, according to him, was destined to enabie government to. liquidate and pay off the national ‘debt. The -collapse of this extraordinary scheme and the wholesale _ruin Wwhich followed it 7 drove him from office, and landed him in the ‘Tower, of London as a prisoner of state. On his release he e n a considerable amount of seclu ?. dévoting himself to his superb ga dens and retaining sufiicient money to be able to purchase.the adjoining Fountain Abbey. estate. ( passed the remainder of his day There i3 nothing warthy of particy- lar atfemmion at Studleigh Royal save its richly stocked .game preserve. But the Fquntains. Abbey ruins;now com- prised in the property; are of wondgr- ful interest, The abbey owps its foy- dation to, St. Bernard, the author and composer of that’ so widely populdr and ‘well Known hymn commencing with “Jerusalem the Golden." St. Re nard was born in the elevénth ¢eh- ™ tury at a place called Fontaine, in Burgundy, -and _after- creatl o Cistercian monastery -at Cllll‘r‘vsiu: brought inte existence no less tham.a | hundred other Sistercian monasterigs, of which Fountains Abbey, deriving its name from his birthplace in Bur- -gundy, was:'the most dear to him. Inb [course of time Fountains Abbey b came known as the most enlightened scheol of thought in medigval ately Shureh tiguity, and 3 lnv Al 8087t nodIst of Burope. § pe. ues f | Willlam ’ &