Evening Star Newspaper, September 19, 1923, Page 6

* gl TAE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. O, WEDNESDAY . September 19, 1923 THEODORE W. NOYES, Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. York Office: 110 East 420d St. Ohicago Ofce: Tower Bullding. Eurspean :18 Regent 5t., London, England. The Eveaing Star, with the Sunday morning adition, is delivered by carriers within the city ¢ 60 cents per month; daily only, 43 cents per moath: Bunday only. 20 cents per month. deis may be sent by mall, or telephone Main 5000, "Collection s made’ by s at the wud of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. Daily only.. tunday oniy. All Other States. Dally and Sunda; yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only.. $7.00; 1 mo., 60c Sunday only. $8.00; 1 mo., 36¢ Member of the Associated Press. exclusively entitled jon_of all news dis- not otherwise credited n this paper and also the local news pub- Yished herein. ~All rights of publication af spectal dispatches herein are also reserved. = The World Court. Senator Borah of Idaho, stout “ir- reconcilable” on the league of nations ssue and opponent of anything that smacks of the United States becoming politically, entangled with European affairs, is quoted as saying that he is ready to vote for ratification of the world court protocol based on terms laid down by the late President Hard- ing in his St. Louis speech. Apparent- ly the late President’s bid for “irre- concilable” support for the court idea has born fruit. In his St. Louis address, delivered June 21, the late President proposed the absolute separation of the world court from the league of nations. He proposed that the selection of the judges of the court be taken from any agency of the league; that the pay- ment of the expenses of the court be divorced from the league, and that the court should no longer be special adviser or counselor of the league, but should be the counselor of any of the nations adhering to the court plan. In effect, the result of Mr. Harding's proposals would be the establishment of a court absolutely independent of the league and non-political. Such a court, Senator Borah feels, he could well smpport. It is in line with the opinions long held by him. The statement of Senator Borah points the way to support for the world court idea by President Cool- idge without the threatened disrup n of the republican party over that tribunal. President Coolidge has main- tained silence with regard to the world court since his entrance into the White House, and while he was President in none of his public utter- ances did he discuss the court. But President Coolidge has said that he in general intended to support the poli- cies of the late President, of which edherence to the world court was one. TUnder the interpretation set upon the St. Louis speech of Mr. Harding, Mr. Cooildge would support a vastly dif-{ ferent tribunal from that now estab- lished, a tribunal with no connection with the league of nations. The basis of all the opposition in this country to the court has been that the court was & creature of the league. It is true that Senator Hiram John- son of California returned not long ago from Europe breathing fire and brimstone against the United States becoming involved in European affairs and joining in the world court. But he had said as much before he left America. It is true that Senator Moses of New Hampshire, another ir- reconcilable, has said he believes there i® no necessity of setting up dnother court when The Hague tribunal con- tinues to exist; that the world has gone crazy in the matter of machinery in an age of machinery. But in spite of these declarations it does appear that if adherence to *“a” world court—not “the” world court— 1s advocated by President Coolidge and suported by such men as Senator Borah of Idaho there can be small reason to fear an issue among repub- licans that will split the party next year. \ Senator Borah has brought with him from the west the opinion the people are not interested in the world court, nor in the.league of nations, at this time. In fact, he has found that op- position to the United States becom- ing a member of the league is 25 per cent greater than it was in 1920, when the democratic standard bearer advo- cating the league was snowed under by an avalanche of 7,000,000 votes. The helplessness of the league to deal with the Italian-Grecian situation has made its appeal to Americans even less than before. The league, or the league's court, could not successfully ‘be made e political issue in the next national campaign. The defiant Mussolini has a het for every ring, not to mention a black shirt. Oklahoma. An extraordinary situation prevails in Oklahoma, the end of which cannot be foretold. The governor has under- taken the suppression of the Ku Klux Klan because of lawless actions by members of thet srganization, order- Ing it to disband as a masked body and calling the state militia into serv- ice to enforce compliance. ‘He has put the state virtually under martial law, suspending the_ civic functions of offi- cials. An effort is being made to test his right thus to establish military rule and appeal to the court on writ of habeas corpus. Meanwhile mem- bers of the legislature hostile to the governor’s position are seeking to im- peach him for exceeding his authority. To do this, however, they must hold a session. The governor refuses to call the two houses together, and with- eut such a call it cannot meet until January, 1925, but & paper is in cir- culation secretly among the members for a session without the governor’s call, for the purpose of impeachment. The governor, with knowledge of this movement, has threatened to arrest Jeglslators who attempt to hold a meet- ing. ” . Thus as the case stands it is e mili- tary rule that prevails in Oklahoma. 12 the court sustains the governor in ¥ mt’bwgéommg‘uxv&- 4 THE EVENING' STAR, WASHINGTION, D. C, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, T with military, it would seem that hu'll\ou and offices and also to relieve could defy the legislature to meet and seek to prevent such a meeting called for the purpose of impeaching him and removing him from office. For the impeachment would be based upon his action in establishing the military rule. If, on the other hand, the court decides against him on the question of martial law, it will have opened the way for his impeachment. If he can- not establish the legality of his course in respect to the use of the militia he cannot prevent the legislature from at least going through the motions of im- peachment procedure and triel. This" whole question turns upon whether an emergency exists in Okla- homa sufficient to warrant the substi- tution of military for civil rule. The governor has declared that a secret or- ganization has undertaken to supplant the courts and civil processes. He proclaims a ‘“state of slege,” as it ‘were, on the ground that the civic rule is blocked by the Klan. But his op- ponents, leaders of the Klan, aver that he is merely taking advantage of the flogging disorders to undertake to ex- terminate the organization in Okla- homa, and that no public emergency | exists sufficlent for the establishment of martial law. All these matters will doubtless be considered by the court in its hearing of an application for habeas corpus for three men who have been arrested by the militia for refusal to testify in the flogging trials. In other states militia rule has been established in the past, however, in’ times of labor trou- bles, when the public services have been blocked by conflicts between workers and employers. Oklahoma's case is peculiar in that the governor has taken a pronounced stand in hos- tility to the organization that is sup- posed to be promoting, if not actually conducting, the lawless procedure in the irregular punishment of misde- meanors. The real issue in Oklahoma is not that of the Ku Klux Klan, but that of the right of the governor to proclaim an emergency justifying the setting aside of the established érder of pub- lic /adminjstration and substituting what is virtually = military dictator- ship over the commonwealth. B The Estimates. The letter of the District auditor sent to the director of the budget, with approval of the Commissioners, gives a plain statement of conditions fm- posed on the Capital by the reduction of estimates for the next fiscal year from thirty-two and a hal? million to twenty-five million dollars plus. The reduction is not demanded by the | state of Distriet revenues, halts ex- tension of activities called for by the growth of the city and holds up many improvements needed and desired by the people. The estimates are actually lower for next year than the appro- priations for this year. “The allowable total of estimates for 1925,” the auditor says, ‘‘considered on a basis with comparable appropria- tions for 1924, and the necessity for including provisions for certain items not included in either the estimates 1or appropriations for 1924, are nearly 2,500,000 less than the appropriations made by the District appropriation act for 1924.” The appropriations under which the District is operating now were meager and far below our needs, and it would be a gloomy outleok if we could not spend more of our money on Capital development next year than this. We increase taxes to a burdensome point and then cannot spend the tax money for the betterment of the city, but would have to turn the excess money into the national Treasury and build up there another surplus. Washington is not at a standstill. The spread of the city and its needs for schools, streets, sewers, lights and increased fire and police protection are obvious. The auditor points out that under the reduced estimates it would not be possible to ask for an increase in appropriations for street and road maintenance, street lighting, sewer construction, street cleaning and maintenance of the street tree system, nor would it be possible to ask for any appropriations for new school sites and buildings. There could be no increase in the police or fire departments, work would be held up on the home for feeble-mined, the project for a buflding for > vnicipal and Juvenile courts and recorder of deeds would be checked and the water- front improvement plan and acquisi- tion of certain lands for playgréunds and park uses must be laid aside till another year. - With the estimates as reduced direction of the budget bureau the Commissioners have submitted a list of supplemental estimates for most of those features eliminated for the di rect estimates. The secondary esti- mates total $7,000,000, end will be taken under consideration by the di rector of the budget. The auditor in his letter of transmittal makes a con- vincing argument for better treatment for the District, and states the senti- ments of the great mass of Capital taxpayers. ————e——— The fact that gasoline has been re- markably cheap in Oklahome has not sufficed to make the people of that energetic young state thoroughly happy. «The oll interests are great and powerful, but they are, after all, only an incident in human affairs. b The immense space required for a hangar gives the dirigible a certain amount of interest in connection with the housing problem. i Filume is offering a protest to the general effect that it is getting too much politics and not enough pro- visions. Parkers are to have their troubles. Life is just one thing after another. The ownership of en eutomobile’ in- volves responsibilities and other things besides pleasure. The squed of police detalled by Maj. Sullivan is at work checking up parking violators. The thirty-minute rule in that part of the city called the “congested area” will be enforced, and the two-hour rule on those streets where that period is al- lowed will also be enforced. The rules were made, and are now being en: forced for the purpose of allowing traffic congestion in the street, some of which is believed due to allday parking. Considerable hardship will be caused o many, but e greater number.of per- sons will be benefited. Many motor owners have been in the habit of let- ting their cars stand in the street all day in t of their offices. They feel that they have a right to do this, and the question would not have been raised but for the increase in the number of autos and the difficulty ot driving in the streets and finding a place to stop at the curb. The all-day parkers have & problem. They are now unable to find all-day spaces within a fair distance of their offices, and con- ditions. will be worse for them here- after. There is no public space near the center of the city which could meet the all-day parking need. The storage of cars at public garages is virutally impossible, because there is no accommodation for the multitude of parkers. Perhaps in‘time there will come into existence great buildings in ‘which men may check cars at a small price, but at the present price of con- struction the checking fee would haye to be a stiff one to-pay interest and profit on the money invested in the building. Spain’s economic life is not serious. ly disturbed by the military coup d'etat. The fact that King Alfonso had the presence of mind to perceive the peychological moment for getting on @ new band wagon may entitle his to a large share of grateful recognition. ‘Whenever Dncle Sam raises a big sum of money for & patriotic or philan. thropic purpose it is always with the ‘whole-hearted understanding on his part that in case of need there is al- ways more where that came from. e Lenin once asserted that it would be possible for a nation to transact busi- ness without real money. Germany has not yet invited him in to supervise her present colossal currency experi- ment. ———— The Prince of Wales ran a locomo- tive seventy-five miles. The remark- able part of this feat is the fact that he was permitted to perform it with- out the assistance of a union card. ——— Col. Bryan is reported as saying that the country is now interested in issues and not in individuals. Yet the crowd will cheer Babe Ruth whether he has won a game or not. ———— A system of “compulsory education” is demanded that will compel com- munities to provide suitable accommo- dations for all children who are anx- ious to go to school. ————— Efforts to put bucket shops out of business will have to face the historic fact that wherever there are lambs there will be people with shears wait- ing for wool. The market for grapes is, for some occult reason, so strong that Cali- fornia has lost a great deal of her in- terest in legal recognition of light wines. —_—— Oklahoma has at least succeeded in devising a state of local belligerency that involves no effort to bring the league of nations into it. 4 —————— "SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Tale of Trouble. I stopped to tell my troubles To winds that swept the waves. The waters came a-roaring "And began to misbehave. From far across the billow, In a melancholy tone, Came the wailing intimation, T have troubles of my own!” To the sky I told my troubles; ‘The clouds grew dark and dense, I told them to the songbirds; They all migrated thence, It seems that even Nature Didn’t like 2 mournful moan. Everything that I complained to Had some trouble of its own. Henceforth let me be grateful For sunshine and for song. Nor give my best endeavors To show what's going wrong. If T can't soothe the sorrow Let me bear my part alone, And not bore the other fellow ‘Who has troubles of his own. Personal Canvass. “Why don’t you deliver one of those ringing orations for which you were once so famous?” “Times have changed,” replied Sen. ator Sorghum. “You can’t sway peo- ple in crowds. Ringing orations are no use. You cen do more by ringing door bells. Jud Tunkins says that out his way most of the conversation about capital and labor is carried on by folks who haven't had much practical experi- ence with either. Art in Danger. “The settlement of the coal con- troversy was a great relief to me,” re. marked the musical manager. “I was afraid a fuel shortage would cause our classic dancers to insist on wear- ing overcoats.” — New Beneficiary. Little Willle, cold of limb, ‘Wears a troubled brow. Father’s clothes once came to him, . But sister gets them now. A Sufficient Task. “Do you enjoy playing the new Chi- nese game?"" “I haven't thought of learning the game,” replied Miss Cayenne. “I am merely trying to master the vocabu- lary and the scoring system.” Enterprise. “Is bootleg liquor expensive around here?” “It is in Crimson Gulch,” replied Cactus Joe. “But I understand up to Kersg) Can Europe Hold Together? VI—If Britain Is to Live. BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR. “What England and all of Europe needs today is a uioral gesture on the part of America.” This is what Ramsay McDonald, leader of the op- position in thé British house of com- mons. and thought by many to be the next prime minister, sald to me a fey weeks ago. Is this the solu- tion? . . Great Britain's industrial leadership was largely built en cheap coal. Her great merchant marine likewise rest- ed on coal. Her imports were raw materlals—heavy and bulky—and her exports the lighter manufactured articles. Thus her merchant marine carried to other countries vast quan- tities of cheap coal at low rates, in lleu of other ballast. In 1913, out of 322 million dollars worth of raw ma- terials exported, coal amounted to 261" million. Her greatest coal cus- tomer was France. Now France has her otwn coal. England must look for other customers. Her average monthly output of coal in 1913 was 24,342,000 tons. In 1 it was 21,235,000 tons. ince the Ruhbr invasion by France Great Brit- aln has been selling coal to Germany, but the effective demand there is de- creasing. Today she is mining 20 per cent less coal than in 1913 and it is costing nearly three times as much ‘per ton as it costs to mine in the United States. Her Increasing costs of both mining and transport are making this an extremely difficult problem to handle. Her iron and steel industry largely rests on cheap coal. She sells these things to HBurope, but just now Europe needs more food than steel or iron. In 1913 Great Britaln pro- duced a monthly average of 1,518,000 tons of iron and steel, as against an average of 970,000 tons in 1922, a decrease of 30 per cent. Conditions during 1923 in these industries have somewhat improved but are still lagging behind 1313. TR The same general conditions rule in the shipping and shipbuilding ac- tivities. Competition is now very keen, for the world gross tonnage grew from 42,000,000 tons to 57,000,000 tons in eight vears. Now about 20 per cent of the worid's tonnage is idle. Grea‘ Britain's shirbuilding has declined from 2,235,000 cons in March, 1822, to 1,492,000 tons in March, 1923. There 1s more unemployment today than ever before in the history of the English shipbuilding industry. In the textile industry matfers are not any better, In 1913 Great Britain exported 8,000,000,000 square yards of cotton plece goods. In 1921 not quite 3,000,000.000, about 36 per cent. ac much; 1322 ‘was better, but still th figure is less than 60 per cent of 1913. Recovery so far in 1923 is startlingly slow, and why? A high price for raw cotton, world- wide trade depression, loss of mar- kets in the bad money countries tariff barriers, especially in India, and growth of cotton mills (intense na- tionalism) in India, Japan, Italy, Germany and the United ' States, These activities outside of England mean loss of bread and butter to thousands of familles in Great Brit- n. If we include the total British ex- ports and imports and translate the figures Into the price levels of the year, we find the industrial condition of Great Britain extremely serious. Imports and exports in 1920, for instance, were actually less than 75 per cent of those in 1913. The amount of imports in the first six months of 1923 is only 87 per eent of those for the first half of 1915, while the ex- ports are only 69 per cent of the exports of the same year. With the English trade in such a bad way, growing unemployment is inevitable, Late figures show one out of every six workers is out of work. The problem of unemployment is more acute In Great Britain today than anywhere elge in Europe with the possible exception of Czecho- slovakia. Up to this time it remains unsolved and baffiing. Truly the present industrial situation in the rich nation in Europe is discourag- * ¥ K K Since the close of the war she has followed the financial policies laid down by the strongest busines leaders in the world. She has not of the rules. After in- ed, deflation was ordered. She took the pill. It w a bitter one, for it meant more suffering, ifi- creasing unemployment, decreasing world trade and higher taxes. But she never flinched. She reduced her currency by &lmost four hundred millions of dollars; her eupply of goods Increased. ~ Result: Prices dropped in terms of money. Creditor class was favored, when price index figures went from 197 in 1921 to 161 in May, 1923. Of all the great Buro- pean powers she is the only one which has made any real effort to pay her way, but even Britaln cannot do the impossible. Possibly that is why Ramsay MeDonald sald what was needed now was a “moral gesture on the part of America.” But, again, is that the solution? Great Britain raising four bil- lions of dollars a year for her ex- penses. This {s four and one-half times as much as she raised in 1913. Fifteen per cent of this huge amount goes to pay pensions, 32 per cent to pay interest on the puvblic debt and 16 per cent on military expenses. More than two thousand five hundred millions of+dollars ralsed in 1922 for past and future wars—e3 per cent of the total expenditures—it is too heavy to carry. * ok x ¥ This is why the Britisi labor party is now demanding a levy on wealth to pay the domestic deot and disarma- merc to reduce the military expense This is at a time when the average men in England is finding the prob- lem of paying his way harder than s any time in a century. Right now Great Britain fas five million too many mc-uths to fesd, while British colonies have restricted immigretion. So- has the United States and other nations of the world. The longer the economic machine re- mains hroken the larger will be t surplus of mouths to feed. She « maintain her life for a time by d ing on her surplus, just as .. worker draws on his bauk account to pay hospital and doctor blile when he is . PBritain today is sick, and she is drawing on her bank account, but there is a lmit. This resume of Great Britain's don- dition is sufficlent to show that hc return to national health w come through national isolat through working out ba power agreements with certain coun- tries. She has neither the food nor the raw material for that kind of a policy. It will not come through reduction of expenditures and taxes, important as these things are. International markets are as air to her social life. Rather it will come when the machinery of inter- national trade is restored and the zone of ecomomlic free trade is ex- tended to include the whole of Europe. Until then the average man in England—worker, salaried man, farmer, manufacturer—will have a harder and harder time to just live. Next—France's Problem. (Copyright, 1923, in United States and Great Britain' by North American Newspaper Alliance. All rights reserved.) International Horse Race Hailed as With the great international race between Papyrus, winner of this year's English derby, blue ribbon of the turf world, and the “best three- vear-old in America,” to be selected soon and who will be Harry Sin- clair's great Kentucky derby win- ner, Zev, or Admiral Cary T. Gray- son's My Own, a distance run- ner of parts, editors acclaim the event as “one worth while” The great sportsmanship of Barney Irish, the farmer owner of the British colt, has appealed to every one. He 1s accepting what may prove an insur- mountable handicap, that of an ocean voyage three weeks before the race. His one regret is that Papyrus must g0 without his beer. This {8 literally true. Papyrus, like the great old campaigner once carried around the circuit by Johnny Mayberry, Robin Hood, likes a bucket of the foamy amber fluld be- fore starting on a race. But old Robin Hood could run without his ‘suds” when he wanted to, and very probably Papyrus will do the same. * k¥ ¥ But, as the New York §ribune puts It, “Mr. Irish is applauded for his sporting pluck in submitting Papy- rus, his lone treasure, to an ocean voyage and a strange climate for the ®waike of an international test. His adventure will add new zest to a sport which 19 enjoying a renascence in New York” True, says the Al- bany Times-Union, ut there is nothing certain in horse racing” and he may win. The match impresses the Brooklyn. Eagle “‘a great one’ in recalling the wonderful perform- ance at Monmouth Park more th: thirty years ago when the gre: vator beat the immortal Tenny by a nose, and it feels international aspect is novel if not brod by Mo Angust Bemmont, 484 no T . ‘August Belmon mltery'hl.( the result on October 20, it ought to be a great race.” In- agmuch as “we now have our inter- national golf and tennis matches and our track meets” the New York Bvening World feels “the contest be- tween slil!?ul and the American thoroughbred selected to meet him will mark a mew era in the history of the_turf. The bringing of the great Papyrus to America to meet our best three-year-old at Belmont Park by those who are interested in the sport for sport's sake, rather! than ql; flnmulh-l eonlsldenn:n;‘ rn-n:y 1t, let us hope, in som - hent international turf olassie with & trophy subject to a deed of gift, a: is the America's cup. Sportsmen wil ‘welcome Papyrus, and should the great thoroughbred take the measure of our selection, we will crown him king with fitting race track cere- monies.” This will be all the more true, a8 the New York Times sees it, because “no outdoor sport coutinued through months is capable of attract- ing such great throngs of people and arousing such intensity of excitement as horse racing. The match will be sure to eclipse in Interest anything of the kind ever before known In the | gown tates.” United Stat PR It remains for the Lynchburg Ad- vance to emphasise that while we are considering the race “in the the na- ture of a world’s” champlenship|" British sportsman are not inclined to Boost to Sport short rest before the classic is scheduled. Zev seems to have the best chance of being_ his opponent, for Zev captured the Kentucky derby and has proven unbeatable in other races this year. At all events the race promises to be one of the most interesting held in this country in many years and should draw a record breaking crowd.” This is also the view of the Burlington News, which, after reviewing the records of the various American aspirants, is con- vinced “it will be a race for kings. It is too bad it will be raced on this slde where only presidents may watoh it! All past matches will pale into comparative insignificance in the light of this international racing bat- tle.” Incidentally “a great deal of money will change hands on the re- sult,” the Roanoke Times points out, because “horse racing and betting are almost synonymous terms, as every one who has followed the ponies to any extent knows. Many bets will go down on Papyrus on the strength of his victory in the derby. And thie American entry will not be out support and plenty of it, betting ~way, cluston.” in a is a foregone con- * x x % The Harrisburg Telegraph wonders “what's In & name? Who names the race horses and why? Is he a little brother of the designators of our Pullmans, who strive for.jazz where his brothers aim at culture. Glance over the fleld entries of any race track. There are a few Dans and Joes and Marles. But the bizarre predominates, Recent Saratoga entries have borne such names as Apology, By Jiminy, Listen Dearfe, Flannel Shirt, Mad Hatter, Hopeless, Triumph, Fly By, Vitamin, Rejection, Time Exposure, Insulate and My Own. The moot guestion in_ the public mind fs re- ected there, pro and con, in Rock and Rye, Mint Stick, Musty, Befuddle, Temptation, Jolly, Water Girl, White Rock and Stone Jug. Wonder what e n:;a. Ahinks about?” It is o aconda Standard recall that “back in 1881 &n Amers lcan-bred horse won the Engllsh Derby, Iroquols. Since then Amer- ican owned horses have been vi torious, but they have been European bred. Now American horses are to have their chance. For the winner of the Derby is England's mightiest. England’s whole horse loving popu- lation, and that means practically all of England, stands or falls with its Derby winner.” In a Few Words. More good causes have been ruine by ‘injudicious advocacy than by powerful opposition. The league of nations is pre-eminently an example of this truth, —LLOYD GEORG] It has become an axiom that bol- shevism thrives best on an' empty gtomach. Andthe Germans.are very Ungry ant un ler eve asy. LERL Vit The Ruhr occupation has come to a qi of which will win, resolution er German obstinacy. —LORD BIRKENHEAD. It is only S Sad law that bri contempt and wholesale violation its train. ., =~SENATOR WADSWORTH. | To be accept that view. They point out{h that Papyrus must make a long ocean trip, Politics at Large The actlon of the republican na- tlonal committee in reducing the rep- reséntation in national conventions of states which do not cast more than 2,600 votes in national elections for the republican ticket recalls to poll- ticlans the dramatic incident, a pro- posal to 1imit representation, which made Theodore Roosevelt first Vice President and then President of the United States. It was in the national convention of 1300, in Philadelphia. There were three masterful leaders in that convention—Mark Hanna of Ohio; Matthew S. Quay of Pennsyl- vania and Thomas C. Platt of New York. Quay and Platt were playing together, Hanna was playing his own hand. Hanna wanted Long of Massa- chusetts for Vice President on the ticket. | But Mr. Platt had other fish to fry. Ho desired to get Col. Roosevelt out of state politics In New York, for he could not alweays rely on being able to “do business” with the colonel nor count upon doing what the Platt machine wanted donme. Mr. Platt knew that the subject of proposed reduced representation from the southern states was a sore one to Mr. Hanna, So he went to his ally, Mr. Quay, and took counsel how to bring re- calcitrant Mr. Hanna to listen to the voica of reason and consent to the nominatlon of Col. Roosevelt for the vice presidency. * % x ¥ Mr. Quay thought it over and one fine day bobhed up in the convention With a simple little resolution, which in his blandest way he asked the convention to adopt. When Mr. Quay was most bland was the time that all the ‘“hard-bofled” politicians looked keenest for what he might have up his sleeve and metaphor- ically “frisk” him for political brass knuckles, slung-shots and automatics, When they read the resolution it did not take them long to appreciate that it was a sawed-off shotgun, load- ed with buckshot. It read: “That hereafter each state shall be entitled to four delegates at large and one additional delegate for each 10,000 votes or mafority fraction thereof cast at the last preceding presidential election for republican electors; and slx delegates from each organized territory and the District of Colum- bia; and that the methods for the election of such delegates shall be provided for by the national commit- Well, when Mr. Hanna grasped the full import of this fnnocent-sounding resolution he “went up In the air” HMe knew it would mortally offend the southern delegates and he had a bloc of them who had been very useful to him. When Mr. Platt solemnly approved the Quay resolution, the astute Mr. Hanna realized that he #was up agalnst 1t and was facing a defensive, f not offensive alliance between these two masterful political craftsmen. So, he ceased to press the Long candidacy for Vice President, and strangely enough the New York and Pennsylvania leaders manifested waning interest in tie reduction reso- lution, while the candidacy of Col. Roosevelt waxed fat and flourished to successful consummation. * X % % | 1In 1908 the southern representation Question again figured in the nomi- ination of a Vice President; that is to say, the very thing which Mr. Hanna had fought for, namely, holding in- tact the big southern bloc of dele- gates, operated to the nomtnation of James S. Sherman for Vice Pres- ident. In will be recalled that fearing a possible attempt to stampede the convention for Roosevelt and make him take a third term despite him- self, the “allies” had a number of candidates for the ‘presidency in the field, as favorits ggns, and were guarding them closely. By some foresight a goodly number of south- ern delegates had also been gath- ered in and were being held in leash, The “allies” wanted James S. Sher- man of New York for Vice Preside: and largely with the aid of the |swollen southern representation were enabled to “‘)ut him over. The re?ubl in its call for the convention to be issued along in the first or second week in December next, will provide for the reduced represéntation from these states, which were deficient in producing republican votes in the presidential election of 1920. The delegates chosen under the new reg- ulation will come to the convention and present their credentials to tha committee, which will make up the temporary roll. Then, if the faction which is in the majority deems any “steam roll- er” work necessary and feasible, they can be placed in the permanent roil or not, as the majority wills, 3k x % But the best posted republican leaders do not apprehend the neces- sity of any steam roller operations at any stage of the convention. In the first place they do mot think President Coolidge would countenance it, even If it were urged upon him by enthusiastic supporters as an al- leged necessity. * * x % President Coolidge continues to be regarded by republican politlcians as the logical and, as thought by many, the inevitable candidatel for the pres- idency, after the “favorite sons” of other states or sections have had thelr complimentary trot around the track. Indeed, I find this thought to be shared by many democrats, as well—that is to say—they think that the republicans countrywide will feel that he Is their one best best in the stiff game which the democrats :npe to set up for the ides of Novem- er. can national committee, * ok ox % This prospect of the Inevitability of Mr. Coolldge's nomination, many democrats say, will make the game much harder for the democrats to play. Up to the time of President Harding’s death they were building high hopes.on republican disaffe tion if President Harding should be a ocandidate for renomination. More than once in those days was heard the prediction that President Harding would decline renomination. * % k X The main source of embarrassment to the democrats is that they can't find anything to “stick on” President Coolldge. His record of personal, political and administrative achleve- ment is without blemish. All that they can say about him is that he has continued the Harding adminis- tration’s policles, and it would seem that this will not be & handicap. As one prominent democrat re- marked “but he still has the new Congress to handle and deal with be- fore he comes up for election.” That's but: President Cfl“fl{: frien “teel it g:l.l! nes” that playe c A, Se W, J. Lo G. t Q. Among the candidates for en- trance to West Point who fall to pass entrance exams, what subject bothers most of them?—G. W. 8. A. The West Point records from 1838 to 1917 show that 4,966 boys Wwere rejected by the academic board. The greatest number failed in gram- mar, 2,890 failing to pass in this sub- Ject, Q. What was th our national aabu—'sf"i"fi&é"""' 4 The Treasury Depart; that the peak of the pubiie dent sy foached on August 21. 1919, At that date it was $26,595,701,648.01. Q. Has an American-born wos married to a forel, Tt marsied to 8 gner the right to A. It depends upon th marriage. If she was marsied Hetors September 22, 1922, she lost her United States citizenship, but if she was married after that date she re. tainea her citizenship and is entitiea Q. How tall 1s the tallest girafre> A. Specimens of the giraffe h been noted the heads or‘:rhlcran were eighteen feet from the ground, Q. What are the flve largest rafl- £34 centers in the United Fates? A. As rallroad centers, the citles at the top of the list are: Chicago, New York city, Boston, St. Louls and Indianapolis. Q. When was anthracite coal first used in this country?—J. T. G. A. It is-sald that anthracite was sent from near Sunbury, Pa., to Car lisle, Pa., and used by soldiers sta tioned there during the revolutionary war, but, this is not authentic. Penn. sylvania’ anthracite was first used commerclally in 1812, when ft was successfully burned in a heating fur- nace by the Fairmont Nail and Wire Works near Philadelphla. 1t ywas Qrst used in a blast furnace by tha Lehigh Crane Tron-Company In 1838, Anthracite was first burned fn an open grate by Judge Pell in Wilkes- Barre, Pa., about 1800, Q. What is the origin of the use of trophy cups?—J. J. 8. A. Trophy cups as used at the present time are a survival of the old loving cups used in wassailing in the middle ages. Tt was customary for the company to ‘drink from the same cup in turn. Its use in connec- :’lon 'wx:g Smare '!; pr;‘bu.bly largely ue to the fact that these cups sig- nify good will. el Q. VVR;!.! pl.iba:nh;e can be put away wi 00ls to keep them f; rusting?—G. L. M. S S A. Calclum-chloride, if placed In a drawer containing metal, will pre- vent rusting. Q. How much feed would it take | to fatten a carload of cattle?—L. L. T. A. The Department of Agriculture says that 1,100 bushels of corn, 1) tons of alfalfa hay and 6 tons of straw will fatten 20 stéers averaging 830 pounds, making them gain 325 pounds each in 180 days. This is an average carload. Four hundred and fifty bushels of corn and 2,750 pound of tankage or fish meal will fatten 70 hogs averaging 100 pounds to 200 pounds, making one carload. Q. Is Alma Gluck, native American?—J. C. A. Alma Gluck was born in Bucha- rest in 1836, but was brought to this country in 1889 and received all her education and training here. the singer, a D. T ——— ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Who invented the tel. transmitter r}ow Tsed7—D. W, 100" A. Emile Berliner is credited with its invention. g; Why can stars be seen from a well_or mine shaft during th g time?— H. 8. M. e A. The stars are not generally vigible during the day because the superior light of the sun and its re- fiected rays from objects on the earth 18 80 strong as to obliterate the tiny rays from stars so that the. make no impression on the retinx of the eye. At the bottom of a ghafr or very tall chimney where no light enters and the direct rays of sun- light are cut off, the retina registers the rays from the stars and hence they become visible. Q. What metal is the most abun- dant?—H. D, C, A. Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element. It {s computed tha: it constitutes 7.3 per cent of the arth's crust, but always occurs in combination Q. Was any woman made a_major during the world war?—L. J. P. A. The War Department says no woman was commissioned a major in the Regular Army during the world war. On June 4, 1920, the relative rank of major was given to the su- perintendent of the Army Nurse Corps, Maj. Julia C. Stinson. Q. Why did a ball of lightning make a stone hot that lay near the place struck?—M. G. A. The Naval Observatory says b lghitning is an extremely rare form of electrical discharge, and appears as a globe of fire a foot or eighteen Inches in dlameter, Such globes or balls, which are somettmes visible for as much as ten seconds, descend from the clouds with such slowness that the eve can follow them. The often rebound on reaching the earth at other times they burst and ex plode with a loud nofse. The heat! effect was caused by the expenditure the energy of the lightning on a po conductor that happened to lis in { path, in this case & stone. Q. How meny adults sight?—G. S. A. Statistics coverlng many vears show that only one person in ter over twenty-one vears old has per- fect sight. At the age of forty it is almost impossible to find a man « Wwoman whose sight isn’t imperfect Q. What are our coins?—S. E. K. A. The cents of 1793 and 1804 are very rare, as are the copper cents of 1556 and the half-cents of 179: 1831, 1840 to 1848 and 1852. The de gree of or comparative rareness i largely a matter of opinion. have perfe rarest smal Q. Which is the correct designa tion when applied to the office of a diplomatic representative of this country “American embassy” or Yem bassy of the United States”?—M. A A. In June, 1904, an order was Is sued by the then Secretary of State John Hay., that on all new record books, seals, etc., used by represanta tives of the United States in foreign countries there should appear the words “American embassy,” “Ameri can legation,” etc., in pl of ‘‘em- bassy of the United States,” “legatior of the United States,” etc., previously employed. (If you have a question you way answered, send it to the Star Infor mation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskir director, 1820 North Capitol atrect Give your full name and address so that the {nformation may be sen direct. The only ocharge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for re. turn postage.) e —————————————————— With what enthusiasm and abound- ng spirit () do the boys and girls forsake their toys, their joys and their noise, and hasten to gather in the district angd high schools this week! As usual the housing is in- adequate to accommodate all the pupils, but the old excuse for lack of facilities, namely that education costs more than it produces, is threadbare. In one disguise or another, it is put forward as excuse for not keeping up Wwith the Increase of population. This applies not alone to Washington, but almost equally ail over the country. * % ¥ * The psychological reaction upon the youth who is approaching the age When he might be earning wages is the most serious part of that attitude held by the powers responsible for the upkeep of schools. The fact is that the expenditures In the United States for the maintenance of schools There are available is pitiably small. Rte Aalsle tistics later than :’r?nt"ynen all the elementary and sec- ondary schools in the country cost only $762,269,164, and the norg\‘onl schools only $20,414,659 a vear. r higher education in colleges, univer- sities and technical schools the total cost was $137,065,415. This means total expenditures, whether raised by taxes or donated by private parties, friends of education. * kK ¥ The total outlay for education in fifty years, ended 1860, covering all kinds of schools in the Uniteg States, was considerably less than two bil- lions of dollars. Americans have grown accustomed to rolling under thelr tongues, as a sweet morsel the word ‘billion.” Just a bagatelle! That is true, when two billlons are excess of all the cost of Amer- i’u‘:nlnedueltlon in half a century. To be exact, $1,804,200,272. ¥ We spent more than that sum dur- ing the war in trying with no large success to make airplanes. Suppose all the investment in education ha roguced no more benefits to the peo- 5 this country than did an equal tn airplanes! Wipe out all Sehools, all normal schools for train- teachers, all colleges and uni versities and technical and p‘r;le‘:- sional schools—the loss woul e; comparable then with the results of investment of an equal sum in essen- tial and vital defense of the nation in its greatest crisis through the im- potence of lts aircraft bullding. TLess than two billlons as the entire ln. vestment in fifty years of education of grom fifty to one hundred millions of Americans. 4 ple of sum ing * * Our falr ladies require annually for their indispensable face powder, per- fumes and cosmetics the same sum that we spend in the entire country for our olementary and secondary schoolss 1f we would abolish the echools they might use more facial dyes. % t keeps us only partly supplie with Shewing gum is the great cost of normal schools. Why the schools cost almost half as much as the gum —or would if some $5,000,000 mofie were added to the salaries of the cost about as much as the men re- quire for their clgars and other to- bacco-—not counting what the ladies now require. If we could only stop the schools, tobacco might be free. The price of soda water and other soft drinks and ice cream would cover what we spend annually on the elementary and secondary school: but if put to a vote by the puplils, rhaps they would efect cones, sun- x:ll. etc., and stop the school: CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS schools and a college, university « technical school, the measure 01‘";7! lic cost between an illiterate and : college graduate is $360. thirteen years in school Not $360 a year, teen vears, institutions taxation or That covers and college but $360 for thir expended to maintain th: of learning, whether by endowment. 2 * ok ok % The average pupil never sees higl school, much less college. The av- erage goes only as far as the fift) grade. In the District of Columbia the value of educating children is evidently not exaggerated, for it costs only about $47.20 a year per chila Out in the “wild and woolly wést” i costs, In Washington, $49.81; .in Nebraska, $562.71, and in Montan. §59.61. f Still the District is quite liberal as compared with Mississipp!, the Caro- linas and Alabama, all of which keep schooling down to less than $12 a child per year. * ok ok ok The parents of the District Colurabia cannot be blamed for “extravagance” of spending over $47 & year on teathing their children the three Rs, for they have nothing to say about it. They do say things, but that does not count. Congress makes the appropriations and Con- gress does not study the profits and economics of their school invest- ments in the District, The _ statesmen might compare Massachusetts with Texas. The two states have nearly the same popula- tion, and yet Massachusetts epends thrée times as much on her educa-# tional institutions, and her people have accuraulated $5,000,000,000 in wealth ' and Texas less than $3,000,000,000. Californfa, with about the same population as Texas, but with a fa mofe liberal school appropriation, has/| saved more than $4,110,000,000. Cali-t fornia is a newer sate than Texas. Ji * % X ok ] Popular education was not con-} sidered important until after the civill war. Prior to that time, in somel parts of the country, public school: ranked with county poor houses. they were merely charity institutions.| Illiteracy was the rule, rather than the exception. In the entire period from 1492 to 1860 the people of America got ahead of hand-to-mouth living by the accumulation of only, §514 per capita. Since popular education has beer in vogue—since 1860—the people have accumulated wealth averaging $1,318. Contrast saving $514 in 363 years of labor and thrift, with saving $1,31% in sixty-four years, and that phase of the value of sahooling will be realized. * ok x % The following data were compiled before the ‘era of high wages, but they still point the difference in earn- ing power of the educated and un- educated man, because the spread between the two classes continues about the same. Insurance tables show that the life of the expectancy of a boy when he is of * the age to graduate from high school s forty years. An uneducatéd Jaborer, earned, when the figures were taken, about $500 a vear. In forty vears, -then, he would earn 20,000, ‘A. high school graduate, at that time, would earn about $1,000 a year: in forty years, $40,000. The difference between the earnings of an unedu- cated and an educated man amounted to $20,000. The education required 2,160 days in schiool to gain that tra $20,000. Each day in_school therefore netted that pupll $9.02. Tell that to the boy who grows impatient to leave school after he has achieved, the fifth le_in order that he ma n $10 $16 a week. His schook ng him at §2.02 a day, or about ' fe job. ’