Evening Star Newspaper, August 1, 1923, Page 6

. THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition, T WASMINGTON, D. C. - VWEDNESDAY....August 1, 1923 _THEODORE W. NOYES........Editor ““The Evening Star Newapaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd S Chicago Office: Tower Building Buropean Office: 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Sta #dition, is delivered by carriers within § . at 60 cents per month; daily only, 43 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents per moath. Or- ders may be sent by mail, or telephone Msin 18000, “Collection is made by carrlers at the “end of ‘each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. *, Daily ‘and Sunday,.1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, 70¢ Dally ‘only.. “1yr., $6.00; 1 mo., 50c Sunday only 1yr., $2.40; 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunda: $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily _only. ‘1yr., $3.00; 1 mo., 60¢ Sunday only. 1yr, $3.00; 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitjed to the ‘use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not etherwise credited n this paper and %o the local wa pub- Yished herein. Al s of publicgtion of special dispatehes re also_rese = Cbiati s 2 Underwood a Candidate. TUnderwood's hat is in the ring. ‘While othér potential candidates for the democratic nomination for Presi- dent .are marking time, or working under the surface,”the senior senator from Alabama has frankly \stated he will make the rage if the peeple of his state want him. And the people of Alabama do want him. Mr. Underwood's address to the state legislature in Montgomery yesterday is typical of the man. It is a plain statement of where he stands on im- -portant issues pefore the country, in- cluding prohibition, the agricultural problem, . the tariff and foreign affairs. During his long service in the House and Senate there has never been any doubt as. to where Mr. Underwood -stood _on public questions, He* has always had the courage of his con- “victions. whéthér those convictions ran counter to the administration of his own party or counter to the pro- posals of a republican administration. One matter of particular interest with which Mr. Underwood dealt in his address yesterday is the enforce- ment of prohibition. He declared un equivoeally for the enforcement of the law adgainst the use of intoxicating beverages. In the past he spoke and voted against the prohibition amend- ment to the Constitution because he did not believe in it. But he made it ciear in Montgemery that, that aue tion having been decided by the peo- ple. he is for the enfaorcement of the law. Particularly did Mr. Underweod urge the right of the south to name a democratic candidate for President. Tt is eighty years, he said, since James K. Polk of Tennessee, a southern nian, was nominated and elected President of the United States. 'For many. many vears, he pointed out, the solid south’ has supported the democratic nominee, ‘It is tinié, he said, that the southern states, containing more than a third of the population of the United States, be given recognition by the selection of a presidential nominee, It.is time, he said, that the south assert itself. In two wars in the last quarter of a century, he said, the south has given of her best in the defense of the Tnited States. There can be no ques- tion as to her loyalty. In Congress Mr. Underwood has been a leader of his party. In the House he became the democratic lead- er after the overthrow of the repub- licans in 1910. He welded his party colleagues together into an efficient majority.. In the Senate he was elect- ed democratic leader after the death of the late Senator Martin of Vi ginia. This office he voluntarily re- “linquished at the close of the last Congress. E —_——— Farmers in fear of impending ca- Tamity desire Uncle Sam to essume the responsibility of a direct commer- cial intermediary. Such an enterprise would immediately be critieized as giv- ing’ the ‘government oppertunity for some kind of an impending calamity of its own. —_——— Tt is easy to ask the public what it is going to do about something and let it go at that.’ But the case is different when the mijners and op- erators are compelled to ask what they are going to do about each other. —_—e————— Discovery of a family of alligators in the Delaware river suggests to the Jersey summer resorts a sagacious perception on the part of Florida in- habitants as to where to go for com- fort. The Harpies of Wall Street. ; Presidential ilinesses always show up the purely speculative side of Wall street. Every time the occupant of the White House suffers from sickness the “bears” seek to work the circum- stance to their advantage by spreading reports of a grave condition in erder to send stocks downward g few points temporarily to give them a chance to cover on their sales. Yesterday this pernicious practice was engaged in 1o a shocking -degree. ¥or several ‘hours mysterious telephone calls were sent through the financial district giv- ing “straight inside information” to the effect that the President's illness was grave and that a fatal termina- tion was expected. This information was supposed to come/from private sources. In no case did the sender of worth of securities, inaamuch s there 'would be no change in intrinsic valyes. It is such peiformances as that just noted in Wall street that eause the pub- lic feeling of antipathy to the profes- sional stock depressors, whese tactics are always those of surprise and de- {struction. They do nat contribute to the financial integrity of the country. They ave gambling upon the securities that represent the invested capital of the people. Their profits come from depreciation, To the extent that they ‘merely “play their judgment” upon the future values of stocks they are Jjustified. But when they manipulate facts, create depressants, deliberately seek to frighten stock owners ‘into selling for no substantial csuse, they are going far beyond the range -of their rightful function as the selling factor in the market. z The New York Stock Exchange has rules which are supposed to punish such mischievous manipylators of the ews. ~ But they are hard to reach and it is most diMcult to fasten re- sponalbility upon individuais. There is one point of reassyrance in the sit- uation and that is that in these spas- medic flurries, which are o often ereated by the spreading of false ra- iports, the only elements involved are, |as & rule. chiefly the strictly profes- sional traders and not the public, since these false reperts are 8o quickly checked that actual panic is never started. The Coa! Question. The soft coal eperatars have laid a plan before the Federal Coal Commis- sion “‘to place the entire reseurces of the industry at the disposal of the government i another strike should be called in the anthracite fields.” These operators agree to wceept vol- untary price fixing along the lines adopted during the strike last vear. This is comforting, in a measure Te- assyring end the people whose fur- ‘maces and stoves were built for burn- ing hard cea) return thanks. But the great body ef consumers of hard coal will not complacently switch to the use of seft coal because operators and miners in the anthracite flelds cannet egree and whese inability to sgree means suffering to millions ef their old “customers. Last winter because of the strike many Washingten people were forced to use soft cos! to piece out their shortage of hard ecal” They paid ex- orbitant prices for for both wvarieties and the soft-coal results were not sat- isfactory. It was hard to keep the fire “in” all might or to maintain a comfortable or uniform témperature in the house. Ceal bills were extreme- 1y high. 3 It may be that we do not knew how to-use soft coal and the various sub- stitutes for the common wvarjety of oceal which we have been in the hahit of burning. There is no reason. in the epinion of hard coal users, why they should take an expensive céirse in learning by experience how to keep a house warm with soft ceal. The rard coal mines still exist and there is ‘ne natural shertage. Bverybody agrees that there is plenty of coal. Hard coal for us is a necessity and the peeple will not calmly submit to being deprived of it. They expect that the power of the government will be employed for their protection. The main question with the miners is their demand for an increase of pay, but the Atlantic City conference was broken |off before that matter was recahed and jduring the discussion of the “check- off before the matter was reached and the question of formal recognition of the unien. This question seems to be more Impertant than any other to the officers of the union representing the miners. : 1t seems ineredible that the miners want a strike, with the loss in wages which it entails. It seems inéredible that' the operators want a strike, for it means loss to them. The public does not want a strike; it wants coal. The conferees should get together again and try to reach some adjust- ment and it might be well to take up the wage question first. If the parties to the mine trouble cannot agree the government should step in that the people who pay taxes for its mainte- nance, with the understanding that it will protect them, shall be saved from unnecessary hardship. ———————————— Every now and then somebody wants to give President Harding a dog as & companion for Laddie Boy. There is nothing to indicate that Lad- die Boy or any one else in his neigh. borheod is, under present conditions, leading a lonesome life. ——— The white collar man whose per- sanal ‘appearance bears a relation to his employment is perhaps entitled to extra pay for wearing one of the most uncomfortable articles of apparel that civilization has invented. ————— Republican leaders with differences of opinion ere inclined to settle them now instead of waiting till next sum- mer, —————————— .Pytting on the Berews. The July rise in trafic accidents will naturally stir the police to greater exertion, Maj. Sullivan has issued an order directing the men. of the police department to enforce as strictly as they can regulations for the safety of people. If the traffic regulations were observed there would be few accidents or nene at all. Generally a driver resents interference by a po- liceman. He denies that he was speeding and he believes that he was not going teo fast for safety." He de- such a message identify the origin of | nies that he was driving earelessly. the report. Of course, no verification was to be had, for there was no truth An the 'rumors thus artfully and per- 'sistently spread. As a result of these telephoned “bulletins” a feeling pre. ‘vailed for & short time that the Presi- dent was in truth in an extreme con- “gition and the market reacted slightly in consequence, to the temporary ad- vantage of the bear harpies, but, nat- urally, it regained its losses when the true nature of the reports was estab- lished: It is natural that there should be & reqction to & certaln degree In the stock market in the event of a death in the White Houge, but there is no reasop at the present time to warrant any such apprehension and, in fact, +WE¥ 16 mo fundemental reaon for & vrojounced sad protrasied fall ia the He believes that he is & good driver and that there is none better and that he knows more about driving & car than a policeman. He denies that he cut a corner or, if he did, it was enaly a trifling violation and he did it to save time. He denies that he refused to give right ef way to enether car and he often believes that the Fight of way was his even when it was net. A man will make all kinds of denials and. hatch_up ail kinds of excuses when charged wtih violating a tiafe rule- 3 A Breat many moterists seem to feel that trafie regulations were made only for ‘ether persens.” It is all wrong. Bverybody shoyld ' ebey the tragfe laws, but everybody will net. It is impeesible for thé’palice, gven if they had wething else to do, Lo kiesd waich on all cars, but when they see a vie. Iation it te thrir duty ‘to aet. The violators must have their lesson, Some of them do not.know this regulation or that regulation ‘and they need 1A. struotion.. B . Maj. Sullivan h stimulated his men with an order to “closely observe =nd vigorously prosecute™ drunken drivers and he admonishes them to compel motorists to obey the rules concerning speed, turning corners, go- ing over cross. dazzling headlights and all thé ather regulations. There is to be a tight. ening up in the enfarcement of traffic rules and the increase in accidents in. dicates that this is necessary. ot Full News'of the President. Announcements that have been made from President Harding's sick room have been impressive for their gim. plicity and straightforwardness. -From the beginning there: has been no at- tempt at concealment as to the real condition of ‘the patient, Dr. Sawyer at the outset of the case made it plain that the Pregident was too ill to go on with. his gchedule and, in the subsequent bulletins issued by him in conjunction with the other physicians summoned in consuitation, he has taken the country into his cenfidence and made plain the exact circum- stances of the case. Thers has_been no camouflage through - technicalities, This fact has undoubtedly tended te ease the public mind. Any sulgestion that facts are being withheld is cal- culated to breed question mnd spréad belief in a graver cendition than exists, In the case of the illness of-the President of the United States every- body s interested and corcerned. It an official, the highest official in the land, and the people are entitled to the fullest information. In the pres- ent case this has been given ang it | is both reassuring and gratifying. The latest news from San Frangisco about the President’s eendition is most hopeful. Apparently he has passed the crisis of his acute .illness and, though he may be slow in eenva- lescence to fyll health, it is evident that, unless some unforeseen develop- ment .occurs, he will steadily recover. A naturally gound cepstitution has sustained him in this attack, gespite the severe depletion of strength inci- dent to the cares of office and espe- cially to the lang journey that he has Just undertaken, with its numerous incidental obligations, —_——— Farm blocs frankly announce disap- pointment of the hape that by this time all the middlemen would be rich enough to . retire voluntarily from business. The gifts of an astute politician are displayed by Mr. Magnus Johnson in refusing to put any more opinions on record than gre positively necessary. . ———— Germany has circulated a very large amount of socialistic Hterature -with- out intending so much of it for home consumption. + The communists applied the policy of passive resigtance to domestic af fairs -in *establishing relations - with the Berlin police. ——— The band.wagon designed for a fliv- ver king appears to be one of thuse old-fashioned affairs that tfequire a {great deal of cranking. ——— Eminent statesmen agree that Burepe needs help and also that America needs careful advice as to how it shall be extended. ————e————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER. JOHNSON. Tdleness. “There is no. idleness complete,” _ Said Hezekiah Bingsg— “Although we say repose is sweet, There's none 'mongst earthly things. Although we cjose cur eyes in sleep, Our hoping &nd our fear In dreams, amid the silence deep, Are ever hovering near. “What seems to be the Endless Rest, All free from mortal care, Is but another start in quest Of betterment Somewhere. Although in wasteful hours we greet The smile that Folly flings, There is no idleness complete'— Sald Hezekiah Bings. Vociferous Opportunity, - “I notice your family was particu- larly enthusiastic in cheering my speech,” remarked Senator Sorghum, “Yep,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “All the young folks are takin' veice eulture. I made 'em attend your meetin’ so's they could holler thelr blamedest without disturbia’ nobody.” Jud Tunkins says after throwing all his lightning rods away he learns that they're a valuable pretection. ' He don’t know who's respopsible for the mix-up, the secientists or the ad | writers. ? Accommodating Terminology. - “There are a dagen different names for this new Chinese gam g ‘Quite preperly,’ said Miss Cayenn: “‘Different peeple I knpw play it a jdozen different ways Colessal Indigestion. The farmer will find grief complete And soon be laid upon the shelf 1f-he should corner grain end meat And have to eat them all himself. — Boleranly Censidered. “The Americgns, remarked . the distinguished and deeply serious vis- itor, “ere a singulaarly light-hearted people. . They keep singing about the utter lack of bananss today .’ Do yey diglike the song?” 2 “Net st ali. But why should there be general rejoicing over th 'fact that the.fruit erop is a faliyre?”. — Disguises. “People ought’ mot to wear dis- “I won't ‘say that,” replied - Mr. | Meekton. I couldn't expeet Henri- £tta to go to & party laoking the same 88 she does arsungd the hoyse.” : “T4in't -enough feh 4 - man to -be smart,” eaid Uncle Eben.” Some peo: Ple showa deir emartness 1o a gighty toolieh way,” reets, right of way, | s not an individual who is ill, but 'WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE tak a thing like President Harding's illness to demapstrate ever ‘and anon that-there's a indly side to politics. “Since the moment Wash- ington, and doubtless the country at {large, learned that the President’s distress was grave, partisanship has vanished. Among republicans and democrats alike the prayer Is uni- verpal that Mr. H’rdllll may ‘be spared, ‘and his recoVery prompt and complete. The President, throughout Kis political career, has enjoyed many Intimate democratic friend- ships. A% Marion, the birthplace of his political fortunes, his closest friends were democrats. Mr. Hard- iing’s secretary, George B. Christlan, |Jr. wnd the governor of the federal reserve board. O. R. Crissinger— both Marionites, like the President —are (or were) democral In the Benate Mr. Harding had many dem- ecratic eronies. One, of whom he was particularly fond, was George . Chamberlain of Oregon. * x x 2 Wearing the battle scars of his ill-starred campaign for the United States senatorship, Gov. “Jake” Preus of Minnesots has just left Washing- ton after a hurried and unobtrusive visit. He Is the administrator of the estate of the late Senator Knute Nelson and came here in connection with its affairs. The governor did not call at the republican national committee offices or at any other po- litical headquarters. Newspaper men who saw him found him averse to talking politics. Preus is still a youngster as politiclans go. He | will_be only forty vears old on Aug- ust 28. A Jawyer by profession, he expects to return to practice at the bar when his second term in the Minnewsta governorship expires in January, 1925 * * x % A brilliant tribute Mellon is paid by “Tay-Pay” O'Con- nor, M. P.. the famous Irish politi- -clan and journalist. In the Sunday Times of London, O'Connor writes: ““This very remarkable man, Mel- lon, America's Secretary of the Treasury. is the- very opposite. per- haps, of what you would expect if jyou ‘did not know. Americans well. Small of stature, .compact of figure, jwith the typical clean-shaven face, regular features and white mous- tache of the American, he is also— like all the American millionaires I ihave ever met—modest almost to | shyness. tranquil almost to quietism. {rather taciturn. | strong man to have got to the great | position he holds-in business and as chancellor of the exchequer of his great nation. But the impression I get from his face and conversation is one of very winning, though very quiet, sweetness of temper. -He has made innumerable friends over here. Indeed. everybody who meets him becomes u friend. The greeting be- tween Mellon and Premier Baldwin, which 1 saw on the terrace of the house of commons, was that of two old gchoolmates.” * k¥ ¥ west. whence both of to Andrew W. From the Holds Jugoslav i BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. ¥or Nicholas' Pashitch to be shot at is no new experience. For this | near octogenarian statesman whom sions described as “the grand old | man of Serbia,” has frequently risked i his life during his extraordinarily eventful career, many attempts hav- ing been made to kilt him by means ef poison, bullet, bomb and knife, and thrice he was sentenced to death on the gallows. To those who have the, { peace of Europe at heart it must be a source of sincere congratulation that he escaped his would-be assassin with only very slight injuries, a mere flesh wound and the cutting by broken glass. For with all due re- gard for the quiet' heroism with which King Alexander conducted the stubborn defense of his country dur- ing its two invasions between 1914 and 1918, and directed the victorious operations of his troops during two Balkan wars which preceded the { great international conflagration. is only a statesman possessed of the wealth of experience of southeast European politics, such as Premier Pashitch. who. after having brought the-South Slavic union, known as the Jugoslay ~ Confederation, into exist- ence. could hope to keep it intact. Without exception the most re- markable statesman that Serbia has ever produced, he first became known te any extent abroad at the time of the Balkan conference in London, some ten or eleven vears ago. where he n the then Hellenic premier, Eleytherios Venizelos, a very close second in the profound impression which he created among the pleni- potentiaries assembled around the council board in St. James' palace land in English political and offic cireles generally. With his com- mandimg _stature. hls patriarchal White beard. his erect carriage. he Is 2 'Very imposing figure. while his eyes hetoken that keenness of vision, and abave all that fearlessness, which is indispensable in the make- up of those who aspire to play a leading role in the affairs of south- éastern Europe, he presents a very striking appearance. * x x x An engineer by profession, Pashitch | in his younger days was an anarchist of the most violent type, a fervent and enthusiastic disciple of that Rus- slan Baron Bakounine, who was the father of Myscovite nihilism, and the founder of that movement known as the “internationale.” which, like the bolshevism of today, is “the negation of all religion, of law, of custom,.of property .and of the .western social system, and in one werd a cult of destryetion, ‘'with nothing definite to ut in its place. By the time that Pasnitoh. had . attained _his fortieth year, - ha had, however, outgrown these foolish and.utterly subversive netions, and had manifestly become converted to the nnublll*{ of law and of order for the proteetion of Hfe, and especially of property. For we find him_established as president -of the leading insurance concern “in Serbia, doing an enormious business and amassing great wealth. . Naturally, he was drawn into poli- tics, in which he soon commenced to play a leading role and this eventu- ally led him to abandon the insurance business, - which he found hampered his political designs. TIndeed, the in- erests proved difficult to reconcile. For whenever Pashiteh as one of the leaders of the opposition—he was al- ways a vigorous opponent of King Milan's pro-Austrian policy—was concocting any coup against the crown and administration, he would usually consider it necessary to give a-quiet tip to his insurance agents to ba very chary for the time being about accepting risks, in view of the bloodshed by ~which political dis- turbances in the southeast of Europe are almost invariably attended. . In thie way King Milan, who is ne fool. usually received warning beforehand of the danger in store for him. X kK E K Pashitch ~ was > repeatedly. either driven into exile- by King Milan or imprisened ip tKe dungeons of the old fortress -at ~Belgrade, welghted down with heavy. chajns.and man- weled, whils' an*ikree ssparate ofoa- Lloyd George on a number of occa- | it} {in bringing about | e must be a very | tie {Pashitch, Serbia’s Grand Old Man, ‘Kingdom Together i i furnished. many & . vice presidential i 8pirit level. jenabled Queen lsabella them, in a political sense, hail, Me- Adoo and Ralston are. being talked about as a “winning” democratic ticket for 1924. The suggestion prob ably emanates from the McAdoo camp, ‘which has a wholesome re- spect. for the former Indiana gover- nor's chunces gs & compromise man for first place. Mven republican lead- ars imit that Ralston, somewhere an the natienal- ticker, might make the Hoesiar world safe for the demo- Gratic party, next year. Indfana has nominee to both parties for the pur- pose of carrying fhe state if days gone ' by. . * ¥ ok * ¢ Prohibition Commissioner Haynes is the butt of & merry quip directed at his activities in punishing foreign ships that enter oyr ports liquor-lad- en. He is said to have issued orders to arrest the ship's carpenter of the White Star liver - Maj the ground that he is saild to a %% * Henry Ford, it is averred on his be- half, will make no campaign speeches if (and when) he becomes a Dpresl- dential capdidate. In Detroit they'll tell you Ford has made only one speech in his whole life, and that, as it were, proved a flivver. The war- den of Sing Sing prison asked him to address the prisoners at an assembly meeting. ¥ord demurred, but blush- ingly censented to take the rostrum, All he could muster up courage to say was something like this: “How are you, boys? I'm glad see so many of you here.” * % k¥ It was the profits she derived from the ancient Spanish wool trust that to finance Christopher Celumbus’ discovery of America. That's the diverting rev lation made by Dr. Jullus K'uin, di- rector of Secretary Hccuer's bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, in his book, “The Mesta,” recently pub- lished by the Harvard Press. It is the David A. Wells prize volume in the Harvard “Economic Series.” ~The ta was the Castillian sheep-own- ers’ esmbine estublished under the aegis of the Spanish crown for the purpose of monopolizing the merine wool industry. Wool became one of the grest commodities of medieval commerce. The revenue derived by the Spanish kings from their domina- over it paid the bills for the great enterprises of .Columbus, Piz- arro and their successors. It was from the crown's wool profits that Isabella staked Columbus. the jew- els romance to the contrary notwith- standing. Charles V. too, could never have carried out his vast imperigl depigns except for the booty the rayal wool monepoly brought him. Dr. Klein ran across the Mesta data while rambling through a neglected Madrid storehouse and subsequently had the pleasure of showing some of the historic documents to his friend, King Alfonso XIII (Copxright. 1 to lows after conviction of having insti- sated alleged attempts upon the life of Milan. Twice he escaped by flight abrogd. On the third occasion Milan,’ who was net quite a fool, and who realized the danger of making a po. litical martyr of Pashitch, caused him to be taken from the condemmed cell of the fortress prison of Belgrade | on the very eve of the day set for his execution, and to he brought just as he was to the royal palace, where | a dinner was in progress and where the king placed him at the table by his side. The dinner, it is true, was near its end, and as soon as they | rose. Milan informed Pashitch that | he was free and at liberty to go where he would. On the following day it was known throughout the length and breadth of Serbia that Pashitch had been dining with King an, and at first there was an im- pression among his adherents that he must have gone hack on them and upon his principles.’ in order to be | treated with such marked favor. That is precisely what Milan had in view. He had wished to create an atmosphere of suspicion in the ranks of the Anti-Austrian party in Serbia. Pashitch was largely instrumental the compulsory abdication of Milan. He ~was the | premier for a time of Milan's only son, King Alexander Obrenevitch, and sought to interest the court of Russia in his behalf. But he naturally could | not lend himself to the nefarious de- | signs of that crazy young monarch’'s infamous consort, Queen Draga, a woman of the vilest antecedents, and, while no one has ever charged him | with having been a consenting party | t# the shocking death of King Alex ander Obrenovitch and of Queen Draga, there is no doubt that he was instrumental in bringing about a restoration of the present Kara. georgevitch dynasty to the throne and he became the first prime minis- ter of the late King Peter. * ¥ ¥ % From that time on he may be said to have been the veteran pilot of the Serbian nation. He brought about an end of the boycott to which the court of Belgrade had been subjected by most foreign governments following the butchery of the last of the Obren. ovitch rulers and Queen Draga. He directed the difficult and delicate ne- gotiations which culminated in the elimination of the then Crown Prince George from the succession fo the throne, In favor of his younger brother, Alexander Karageorgevitch, the present king. Together with Venizelos, he organized the Balkan Confederation which drove the Turks from Europe to the very walls of Constantinople. He strengthened the bands of his country with Russia to such an extent that when Austria invaded Serbia in the summer of 1914 at the secret behest of ex- Emperor Willlam, Czar Nicholas and his people took up arms against Germany and Austria in her defen: On one memorable occasion played the role of Cupid, in entreat ing Emperor Nicholas to accord the hand of his daughter, ghe beautiful Grand Duchess Olga, to the “then| Crown Prince Alexander, whose in- fatyation was very great. The czar favered the suit and gave it his countenance, there being document- ary evidence to that effect. But be- ing devoted to his children, he would net bring any pressure to bear-on Grand Duchess Oigs, who could not bring herself te accept ‘the idea of becoming the bride of Crown Prince Alexander. Had she married him, she would today be sharing his throne of Serbla instead of having been | “Needless .. Curbing Bucl;eleefl:p Stock "Exchange Realizes Scme- thing Must Be Done. To the Editor of The Star: 1 . Your oditorial, “A Plan to . Curb ‘Bucketeers,’ " appearing. in youy {s: sue of the 25th, undoubtedly giv voice to @ widespread sentiment ihat, somehow, ‘some effective means be found and adopted of checking siock swindling operations. The fallurs of one - hundred and sixtysseven Wall street firms does on the face of’ it seem’ to require drastic, restraifing action. There is grave denger, how- ever, that a misapprehension of “the true’ significance of these ome hun dred and sixty-seven fallures of l‘al- leged” Wall street firms will lead to hasty and ill-considered action which it will later be found has not #up- plied the remedy sought, but has act- ed as a deterrent Lo legitimete enter- prise. Many legislators, who have given the whole subject very serious son sideration, dread a licensing and a regulatory power which will inavi- tably subject honest public oficials 10w well-nigh {rresiatible . pressure from their friends to favor establish- ments that they know to be crooked. These, ulso, being -aware of the wealith and resourcefulne: of the.swindiing fraternity, know that the “bootieg- ging” scandal would pale in eompari- son with the orgy of corruption that would follow legigation making the security business dependent ypon'the consent and approval of a public: of- ficial. . Lack of information of the nature of organized markets is undoubtedly responsible for much of the general sentiment in favor of regulating guch institutions. It s dificult, however, to see any merit in arguing that regu lation of exchanges will protect :th investor against fraud and misrepr sentation, when the exchanges them- selves do no business whatever with the public. Exchanges, chambers of commeérce, . mérchant's essociutions and similar organizations are funda: mentally alike in that they are volun- tury assocfations of individuals ‘en- gaged in similar pursuits, and organ- ized for the purpose, first, of proyid- ing facilities and information for:the use of its members, second, of pro- moting healthful conditions in their respective lines of business, &nd, third, in general, of inculcating among its members high ethical standards of business conduct. 1 cdn see mo. difference betwieen proposing to regulate the Merchants' Assoctation of this city, on account of the dishonest practices of some merchants not included in its mem- bership. and prepesing to regujate the New York Stock Exchange,’ on account of a number of crooks Who masquerade as. brokers, hut who in ality are ne more entitled to: be called brokers than the “second- story man” is to be called a trades- man 3 1t should be borne in mind that those most concerned in the suppres- sion of swindling the public under the pretense of conducting e stock hrok- erage business are the legitimate brokers and investment bankers, whose reputation and good will variably ‘suffer through mistaken identity. They ean be depended uden to throw the whole weight of their influence amd power behind any measures calculated to suppress the stock-swindling evil, but their long study of the subject, together with their knowledge “of ' the numerous abortive leglslative attempts, per- s them at once to recognize pro- Is which will not only be -in- ive in accomplishing the destred result, but which will check the easy flow of investment capital whick is s0 essentia] to productive enterprise. Competent observers have stated that there are sufficient fraud laws on the books of the states at the present time with which to cope with the stock-swindling evil, and that what the situation needs is not moye lawi ‘but” mere law -enforeement. If th present criminal laws are permitted 1o remain dead letters, what reason have e to believe that additignal laws will be enforced? A self-starter, guaranteed to start the machinery. of the criminal laws in epe on, has vet.to be devised. In the meantime, we ‘must depend upon conscientious law enforcement officers, for which there is as vet no substitute. JASON WESTERFIELD. Director of Publicity, New York Stock Exchange. Noises Drive Folks : Out of City, Says Writer To the Editor of The Star: That was one of the moest timely editorials you-have written in redent months dealing with the subject af Noises in Washington,” and published in your issue of July 9. The subject of needless noises in sities has been considered by all sorts of people - for years, and in many great cities has approached a solu- tion. The word *curse,” useq in your eaitorial, is the only word te describe thie queer phenomenan 3o typical of small towns. These useless nolises in cities are the most complete evidence that those in charge of the affairs of the city have not heen able to get it out of its small-town clothes, or that they are lacking in the qualifications {required for mén holding the offices which they do. 'I;hese ho;rn:le huseless noises not only drive from the city many people Who ‘would ke te live here. wut whose health is more important than the advantages of living in what should be America’s model city. Many of these useless noises originate from causes which mean the destruction of millions of dollars’ worth of property every year. They create dust and @ire thq filth. Within fifty feet of this large apart- ment _building and within a hundred feet of three other large apartment buildings there are being opersted today three different types of sinxle- cylinder gasoline engines, without mufflers and with irregular explosions akin to giant firecrackers. These are used in mixing concrete, in hoisting wheelbarrews and in° operating a small sawmill. In addition to the bedlam of these unmuffied, irregula: acting” gasoline engines, there ¢ a circular saw being aperated, with all 'hx.h ncn]:gmpunyh;g rhulueu of the sa mill. y own family was coi ellel T8 feave the ‘elty to avold This hed: lam and a half dozen other apar ment houses are half deserted for the same reason, or have distracted oc- cupants. It is inconceivable to think that ‘in this great city some forty familles should be practically forced out aof town for the time being because an- tiquated equipment is permitted 10 be used within fifty feet of their apartments. Even small towns today require the use of electric current and other neiseless devices in ope tions referred to. Unquestionably, your editarial wifl have a powerful effect to cor: recting these small-lown practices, which are hebbling the efforts of pry gressive citisens toward making th & metropolitan, cosmepolitan, modern world capital. E. J. HENNING, Acting Sec'y. Dept. of Labor. Siate’ Flower Not Asiatic Jasmine avertaken by the shocking fate of her narents, of her little brother, and of her sisters at the hands of their. bol- shevik butchers at Ekaterinburg, in June, 1918. Pashitch stoed’ beside the crown prince during the latter's regency throughout the great war, was instrumental in_bringing about his arriage with “Princess Marie of umania, and especially in the om genigation of the Jugoslay Confed- eration, that is to . the United Kingdom of the Serbs, the Croats, the Slovenes and the Montenegrins, whose territorigs extend - almost from BSalenica on the Aegeansea to the northern Adriatic, near Trieste, & mighty Serb empire. It was origi- nally intended that the confederation should be somewhat on the same lines of that ef Switzerfand. where ‘each ton petaine its local autonomy. t was v 11l in theory, bt simest impossibl execution, jin | sipnp ymmmu the gaj- this instance, To the Editor of The Sta: - “In Paul V! Colling’ column on July 25 there are some remarks about the state flower of Seouth Careling which it seems to me should be corrested. He deseribgs two Asiatic species”of jasmine, leaving the reader to infer that one of them {8 the newly adopt- ed statte flower. But such is not . The plant aelected as its :k::hlc‘:":el' one which is native of th states—the American jasmine (ge! semtum u.m-{bvliren-),“z .2 p;tl!lllll;- v ol n earlie: ng is I es with beautiful yelldw trom- pet-shaped flowers, The two Caralinas seem to be cop- uses %n the grticle, too, for '“Tar- fig state” 18 the signation of North and net Beuth Carolins, the latter being knmown as the “Palmatio ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin Q. 1s the first draft of the Declar: tion. of Independence in existence?— HJ.D A. The original draft hangs in the State library in the State, War and Navy bullding. It is in Thomas Jet- ferson's handwriting, with interline- ations by Franklin and John Adams. Q. How much does @ quart of ice cream weigh?—J. P. A. If trozen quite firmly and packed hard, a quart of ice cream will welgh aboyt & pound and & guarter. Q. It is said that Robert E. L was second in:his class at West Point Who led the class that year?—L. E. H. Mason of New York was of the class of 1829 in Lee was second. Q. What eity has issued the great- est number of building permits in the last stx menths?—J. M. T. A. The greatest number hias been issued by New York city, followed by Chicago and Los Angeles. Q. 1s it true that every car wheel or locomotive wheel while in motion has a hammer knock—produced when one point of the wheel hits the rail? —D. L. A. A. This is true of Jocomotives, but not of aytomobiles. The locomotive wheel hus steel webb between the spokes, placed so as to counter- balance the horizontal piston thrust. This unbalances the wheel vertieaily so that when it turns at high speed it is lifted and “hammered” back en the rail. Q. What is the hunting license fee in the Dominion of Canada?—K. M. A. These fees have been increased by the government to discourage the growing influx of forelgn trappers to the northwest territories. Instead ef the former 32 fee, bona-fide residents of the northwest territories wilk pay $5; non-resident British subjects, $150, as compared with 375 under the old regulations, and other non-residents will be called ypon to pay $300—an inerease of 100 per cent. Q. How many government employes are subject to the provisions of the federal retirement act?—C. H. A. A survey has not yet been made, but it is_estimated that this act will affect between 400,000 and 425,000 employes: . How much money has been lost throygh the bucket shops, about which there has been so much in the papers lately?—1. J. P. A. There is no way of securing accurate figures showing the losses of patrons of bucket sheps, but com- petent authorities have ' estimated that since the war the cost of hucket shop und other stock swindling oper- ations has u*.rented the enormous sum of at least three billions of { dollars. Q. Is the negro population of this eeuntry increasing as -rapidly. as it did_twenty or thirty years ago?—C. C. H. A. According to the last ceusus the ten-year increase of the negro popu- iation from 1910 to 1820 was 6.5 per cent, the lowest thus far recorded. In consequence, the prepertion formed It is getting late for sea serpent stories. Like the sere and yellow leaf, they are fading. Better thrills are teking thelr place, just as goosehers ries follow strawberrles. There Is a man with a gun. He went ~duck hunting ‘and .fired, . obe shot, which shot was heard round the solar universe, for it brought down 500 ducks: Not a duckling will ever be discounted—full 500 or noth- ing. The gun has been retrieved, as well as the ducks. It is nine feet Jong &nd has a bore of an inch and & half. As this story goes thundering down the ages, there will be many bores connected with it, but the origi- nal ene-is as specified. "o~ That gun is now located in’ the ‘Washington post office and is ready te bore threugh any man or woeman who blames Postmaster Mooney when they fail to receive their expected let- ters. & Now let tiWe revoll tion proceed, for the American Le- gion and Boy Scouts will be armed With gums just like this, and every six shots will kill a regiment—500 at 2 shot—one shot enough when the enemy is. in goose step. * % ¥ ¥ August will mark a new epoch in United States mail history, for in-a few days the first air-mail pestage stamps will be printed. They will be ution of civiliza- ot 8-cent, 16-cent and 24-cent denomi~ nations, and each denomination will bear a special design indicating the air-service—the wings of an aviatar, the picture of an airplane and a pic- ture of a propeller. X X X ¥ It may surprise many readers to know that adhesive postage stamps are only elghty-three years old— only seventy-eight years in America. They are novelties compared with fiying machines. . The Wright brothers' made their first successful gliders (from which all modern flying machines developed) in 1903, but they were not the first of flying machine inventors. They made aviation practicable, which is all the difference in the world from theore- tical work, so this is not said in any tone of disparagement of their great achievement. The first flight of -a heavior-than-air machine was made in 6T A. D., but even the Wright bro- thers' flight was only sixty-three years later than the first adhesive stamp in America. And now stamp and flight are going into partnership. Most of us now living can remember the first story of the airplane. some now living can also remember the first adhesive postage stamps. * K K * The first stamps for postage were uthorized in France in 1653, but they were used as wrappers. Envelopes had not been invented. The use of adhesive stamps in America—five years later than in England—was introduced by individ- ual postmasters at their own expense, in 1845, and two years. later the government teok up the invention and assumed a monopaly for it. ~AH stamps are engraved and printed at the bureau of engraving and print- iing, Washington. * kK ¥ nator Broakhart, speaking at a trade and labor picnic, told the labor interests that the farm bloc, the labor blec, the “soldiers’ blec” (sic) and the “mothers’ bloc” (sie) “will all unite to “consider their own in- terests collectively, and egch from is own standpoin He appealed spesially to the farmers and the 1aber members, and added, “If these two great elements of e common le of our country, together with Rotr “soldier members and _mother can unite upon & common nd every dlctate of com- demands that they shall t state of by negroes in the total population daclined from. 101 per cent in 1810 0 9.3 per cent in 1820, Q. Are_all labor leaders opposed to proibition oy MM e A. Prom thelr public expressions there seem to be Hifferences of opinion concerning _ prohibition . among labor leaders Just as there are among other -groups. of people and it could not fairly be said that ail Jahor leaders are for or alpst the eighteenth amendment and the Volstead. act, . What is the size of the golf course x,.‘%;u_« Votomat Fark?—P. 3. 1 ‘A. " One hundred and elghty-three aore; This s & generous amount ef pace; since many geod eighteen-hele courses are built on 150 acres. Q. How mary newspapers and mag- azines are there in the URited States’— TP C. 3 A. ‘' The total nuniber of newspapers and magazines in this countrv ‘varies slightly from vear to year. The 1918 census total was 20,887 publications in 10,025 towns and cities, while a census taken by the Editor.and Publisher st the close of 1922 made the figures 20,554 in 10,080 towns and citles. Q. What eountries were in the “little entente”?—F. T. B. A. 1t inciyded Poland, Rumania and Jugoslavia. Q. How long have expeditions been sent.to the south pole?—L. I A.—Efforts to reach this pele date hack 140 years. Repld Amundsen finally succeeded in reaching this oh- jective December 14, 1911. The south Pole ‘ir situated on & eentinent which covers an area larger than that of New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont cembined No form of animal of vegetable life has been found. though several sp cies of sea birds breed a few week in summer on parts ef the coast |, @ Whe was the first soldier to he buried in Arlington cemetery?—O. T. | "A. The fret mrave prepared was for a Confederate prisoner who had died in hospital. The ist of March. 1923, there were 93,225 dead buried there. Q. What is casinghead gasoline and why is it so-called?’—E. C. J. A. TNlyminating gas or natural gas comes from gas wells and cools as it leaves the earth; some of it condenses and forms a lliguid. This is drawn oft and is called casinghead gasoline. It is usually more velatile than any other gasoline = Q. What is the derivation of the word renig?—L. J. P. A. This is a lloguial version of the “werd renege. Thix is derived from u Latin word which means “to deny.” In card games, it is a term applied to revoking—discarding or trumping- when able to follow =ult when the rules of the game do not permit such play. In everyday af- fairs the term is applied to an action which is construed as repudiating an obligation or bargain. (Let The_Star Information Burcos. Frederie J. Haskin, director, 1220 Norfh Capitel street, answer your questions The onwly charge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for return postage.) e ot CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS “unite” against their sons and daugh- ters whe are not “laberers’ or farm- ers, something is going to happen Let all mothers hang together. sug- gests in substance the senator from Jowa, and then all their children mav “go han Beautiful! How maternal! s for all veterams uniting with the “spirit of unrest® which the sen- ator declares is abread in the land demanding an overturn of the insti- tutions of government and civiliza- tion, where has he gotten 'soldier encouragement? He says: “Civilization has reached a turning point. It is the universal prediction . that great changes a coming.” Senater Brookhart is count- ing upen a so-cailed “soldiers’ blo to help change civilization, after fighting to “make the world safe for democracy,” wherein the peepfe gov- ern themselves by their own votes * % % % The largest and most modern rep- resentative body of soldiers of the world war is the American Legion. Its preamble to its constitution reads “The objects * * * are as follows: To uphold and defend the Constitu- tion of the United States of America: to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a hundred per cent Americanism; to preserve the mem- orles of our associatjon in the great war; to inculate a sense of indi- vidual obligation to the community, the state and the nation: to comb: the autocracy of classes and masses: to make right the master of might; to promote peace and good will en earth; to safeguard and transmit to posterity the principle of justic freedom and democracy; to cons crate and sanctify our deyotion mutugl helpfulness.” PR By what sanction does the senator expect soldier veterans whe have dedicated themselves by the blood of battle to upheld the Constitution; to rally now round the.flag of “revolu- tion? In what American Legion post has the rally to “a great change in the program of civilization™ been favorably discussed? The soldiers’ bloc! Try * ¥ ¥ ¥ The latest scare report is that “an army of college-bred agents of revo- lution is about to invade the United States, coming hither directly from Moscow. It has a “war chest” of $2,500,000 gold, it is zlleged This_bears out the statement made recently by Secretary of State Hughes to a committee of women asking that we recognize the soviet government. when Mr. Hughes told his callers that Russia is still planning the over- thow of all governments. The o cow college is training revolutionists to.go abroad to foment revelution The newcomers will receive a “prop- er” American welcome, of course— which will mean that they will never be permitted to land. * x * x The unfortunate experience of President Harding in sufferipg from the ‘oyerstrenupsity of his travels brings to mind the practice of that famous after-dinner orater, Senator Chauncy Depew. Mr. Depew explains his ability to live through so many bangyets by saying that his in- varlable rule is to eat his dinner at home, and never eat at a banquet. He goes to nquets only td “look, 1k and lsten. ”ra: ople are fortified to eat all sért in .? overrich and strange food e midst ‘o’l xeitement nn:‘ ainst personal fatigue. e usui Hhinotions of the body, nno\’ny ai- gestion, are much affected h{ latigue. Waould it not be practical to them! le for a President to carry with him, on all hlf own cooks, and to dine with only his wife and a No banquet can po sibly include al part of the ublic, whom he wishes 20 address, ence, instead of his pri eating being too exclOsive, it would add to democracy, if all his speech rved for other surroundings anquet tabl .