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THE EVENING STAR, With Sunday Morning Edition. -— 7 WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY.........July 10, 1923 ‘THEODORE W. NOYES........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Businers Office, 11th St. and Penn: . New York Office: 3 Chicago Office: Tows European Ofice: 16 Regeat §: ar, with the Swndav morning city \ The Evening edition, in del month: Sunday only, 20 cents per ders may be xent by mail. or teleph Collection is made by carriers ui the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .1 yr., $8.40: 1 mo., T0c L1y, $6.00; 1 mo., 60c .1yr., $2.40; 1 mo., 20c All Other States. Daily and Sunday .1 Daily only..... Sunday only .. 85¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associnted Press is exclusively eatitled o the ‘use’ for republication of all mews dis- patelies credited to it or nnt otherswise credit in this paper and also the Weal sished herein. ~All rights of pub speclal dispateiies herein are also reserv e e A Move for Pacific Peace. The Anglo-Japanese alliance, rightly or wrongly considered a menace to the TUnited States in many quarters in this country, is about to pass quietly and peacefully into the realm of history. Dispatches from Paris announce the satification of the four-power Pacific treaty, negotiated at the Washington conterence, by unanimous vote of the ¥rench chamber of deputies. The sanc- tion of the French senate alone re- mains te be obtained to complete the ratification of this treaty. With its ratification the old Anglo-Japanese agreement terminates. The Senate of the United States rati. fied the four-power Pacific treaty long So did the governments of Great ain and Japan. And now France is about to put its sign of approval on the pact. The French senate is expect. ed to act before the summer recess is taken. The ratification of the four-power treaty, relating to the island posses- sions and dominions of the four con- tracting powers in the Pacific ocean, is a feather in the cap of the adminis- tration. When the delegates to the conference on limitation of armaments and problems of the Pacific assembled in Washington, the Anglo-Japanese Glliance lay in the path of agreement on limitation of naval armament. How could the representatives of the T'nited States commit themselves to limit the naval forces of this country | Wwhile two of the other contracting powers, the other two great naval powers of the world, remained beund in a defensive alliance? The elimination of the Anglo-Japa- nese pact was recognized as a sine qua non. It was admitted that it had out- lived its usefulness. It had originally heen designed as & measure of protec- tion in view of the policies of Russia and Germany in far eastern affairs. All peril from these sources had been removed. But the pact was regarded as prejudicial to American interests. ‘The British found themselves in an ewkward position—as Lord Balfour expressed it, “Between the possibili- ties of two misunderstandings, a mis- understanding if they retained the treaty, a misunderstanding if they de- nounced the treaty.” The Anglo-Japa- nese alliance, originally entered into July 13, 1911, ran until it was formal- 1y denounced by one of the two par- ties The four-power Pacific treaty was a happy solution of the difficulty. In this pact, soon to become effective, the high contracting parties, the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan, agree to respect the rights of each in relation to their insular pos- ressions and insular dominions in the region of the Pacific. If any contro- versy should arise between any two of them, or more, regarding these rights, which is not settled by diplo- matic means, under the treaty they shall invite the other contracting par- ties to a joint conference for considera- tion and adjudication. The same course shall be followed in the event of threatened or aggressive action by any other power in regard to the rights of the contracting parties, Further, the new treaty provides that it shall run for a -period of ten vears, and after the expiration of that perfod it shall continue in force sub- Jject to the right of any of the con- tracting parties to terminate it upon & twelve-month motice. Upon the ex- change of ratifications in Washington the Anglo-Japanese alliance ter- minates. . The_inclusion” of France, traditional | friend of the United States, among the’ contracting parties was considered a distinct advantage. The four-power treaty does not commit the United States to the use of force, but merely | to consultation in the event of con- troversies arising affecting the pos- sessions in the Pacific. A statement signed at the time by the representa- tives of the four powers exempts from the operation of the -treaty ‘purely domestic questions, such as Immigta-" lon. - Later still a supplementary treaty was negotiated which exempted the main islands of Japan from the operation of the treaty also. The negotiation of this treaty has been followed by a cessation of rumors of war in the Peeific; a better era of understanding in the Pacific. It is rea. sonable to expect that this pact, to- gether with the naval limitation treaty and the treaties relating to China, also negotiated at the Washington con. ference, will insure peace in- the Pa- cific for many years to come. —————— Germany can hardly hope to get her dye industry back in as good order as it was when she recklessly mislaid it. ——— The Real Lofers at Shelby. On the Fourth of July two men met in a prize ring at Shelby, Mont., and _ fought for fifteen yrounds. One of them was awarded the decision on “points.” He also walked off with a rich guaran- tee. The other chap got nothing but 5 @ meager bit of training expense money, outside of the prestige of hav- ing virtually fought the champion to a draw. Both of them won semethin, The real losers of the fight. were the packers. The reekening is now in grogress. It is announced frem Great ! Falls, Mont., that the principal bank’ of that city has closed its doors in voluntary lquidation, owing to the embarrassment of its president, who was prominent in financing the Inde- pendence day fight. He announces that the bank is solvent, and every dollar will be paid to depositors, who, never- theless, are now wondering whether they will not after all be the real back- ers of the fight. At the same time it is disclosed that -Mayor Johnson of Shelby, who was one of the promoters of the affair, has lost about $150,000. This comes to light through transfer of city property and oil land royalties. Thus, as the case stands to date, this fight has cost the personal fortune of one man and the solvency of the bank of another. This is a pretty high price to pay for “sport.” These men and- their associates went into the game doubtless as a financial venture, They hoped to make a big profit. They over. estimated their resources and the drawing power of the fight. True, the attendance would probably have been much greater, would perhaps have Leen big enough to have paid all the guarantees and maybe a profit beyond if there had not been so much uncer- tainty on the eve of the Fourth. Not until the day before was it actually assured that there would be a fight. Consequently the immense arena was less than a quarter filled with paying spectators. It is noteworthy that th real losers of the Shelby fight have not whimpered. They have taken their medicine like good sports. They have played the game on the square and have been wiped out. They will prob- ably “‘come hack™ more surely than is usually the fortune of a once-defeated champion. A Woenderful “Failure. Lieut, Maughan's failure to fly from New York to San Francisco between dawn and dusk was due directly to & clog in his gas feed, which caused his engine to go dead and his plane to drop into a pasture, damaging the landing gear. This happened at St. Joseph, Mo., 1,330 miles from the start. ling point. That was a remarkable | night for nine hours, an average of nearly 150 miles an hour. It was something for Lieut. Mau- ghan to have flown so far. His flight is rated as a failure because he did not accomplish what he set out to do. But think of a flight of 1,330 miles in nine hours being called a fallure! An avia- tor who can fall like that has done something of which he may well be proud. Just as surely as Orville Wright once flew from Fort Myer to Alexan- dria and astonished the world by that long-distance” air trip, so cross- continent flying will be a comparative commonplace in a very short time. Tt ts enly a question of machine dependa- bility, of skilltul pilotage, of providing proper landing flelds at the right inter- vals. Indeed, in view of the Kelly- MacReady flight, landing fields may not be essential for cross-continent flying. Aviation success is a matter of per- fection of enginery. Long ego it was urged, when heavier-thanair fiying was in the first stages, that if the ma- chine were once perfected the men to use it would be at hand. There are many skilled pilots now, the processes of training are well developed and standardized. The qualities essential to plana control are known, and means are available to develop them in as- pirants for the flying service. Fallures in the air are due to mechanical de- fects rather than human faults. The plane of today is far and away more dependable then those of a few vears ago. And yet accidents happen, as in the Maughan flight. These trials and experimental flights are valuable in testing out the planes and develop- ing weaknesses to the end of correct- ing them, 8o that the plane of tomor- row. will be reliable for any service. —_——————— The motor cop who arrested Gov. Ritehie for -going thirty-six miles an ! hour failed to make allowances for the fast running a man who attains the distinction of being Governor of Maryland may have gotten into the habit of doing. e rmte———— Three Philadelphia boys went to Jer- sey City in their bathing suits. It has heen a warm summer, and more com- fert may reasonably be demanded in masculine as well as in feminine at- tirg, —_————— The growing popularity of serious drama may be due to the fact that the public sees all- the musical comedy costumes it cares about on the sea- shore during the summer months. ———— All the immigrants now coming to this country say they are looking for work. Some of the arrivals in days gone hy behaved a little as if they were only looking for trouble. ( ‘The Convention of Phamgnplunl It is estimated that 2,000 photogra- | phers will attend the forty-first annual convention of the Photographic Asso- ciation of .America. which will open here in a few days. It has been twen- ty-three, vears since this picturesque organizatien met in Washington, gnd one of the events of that eonvention was the dedication of the Daguerre memorial which stands in the Smith- sonian grounds. g There is something particularly fit- ting that the Photographic Association should assemble here. Washington | might be called the photographic capi. tal'of America. It {s not a great center for the manufacture of photographic supplies. It is not in the same class with Hollywood.. But it is, perhape, the most photagraphed: of cities. Its monuments, public buildings and vistas are under fire from cameras from sunrise till nightfall, and even then ambitious photographers are out for views. Residents and strangers, amateurs and professionals, seem -al- ways to be choosing a subject, setting up a tripod, focusing a camera, click- ing the shuttér or slipping in a slide, and all that. So much of pubije in- terest goes on in Washington that the movie men are always on the move getting pictures for the enlightenment of the people of the country. There are a great many photogra- phers in Washingten. Nearly every. body owns a camera and is intereated in taking w‘m Of course, wise i I i trifie Utopian?” | myself of the superhuman talent I'm persons will understand that the pos- session of a camera does not make the owner really and truly a photographer in the broad and artistic sense. Some engaged in making snapshots are not to be considered as eminent and highly respectable photographers, but let it be said that the camera owners are all members of the grand body photo- graphic. Great men are not numerous in any art, and -even in this photographic convention it may be that there are some who can recall that in days long ago they overexposed a plate or under. timed it, or committed the sin of un. der-developing it or the indiscretion of developing it too much. —_——————— Election Odds Already. They are at it already in Wall street, betting on_ the 1924 election. The market is a bit dull, just recover- ing from a rather severe spell of de- pression, and so those who like to take chances are turning to the political quotations. Yesterday a firm that specializes in election odds announced readiness to wager $1,000 against $3,000 that if either of the two major parties nominated Henry Ford he will be the thirtieth President. The firm also has- $2,000 on deposit to bet at odds of 1 to 20 that Gov, Al Smith will be the next President. These little “trial balloons” will be sent up now and then during the next few months, partly as speculative ven. tures and partly to test the political winds. Perhaps there will be takers of the one-to-twenty bet on Smith. There is usually somebody willing to bet on anything at long odds. The one-to- three bet for Henry Ford is really more interesting, however. It is predi- cated upon a rather strained hypoth- esis, his nomination by one of the two major parties. Much more significant would be some kind of a bet on the chances of such a nomination. —_———— Devastating fire at Goldfield, Nev., is sald to have started in an illicit still. The kind of fire water that is being manufactured may yet cause the insurance interests to add their efforts to those of the prohibition au- thorities. ———— Airships will deliver mail to Presi- dent Hardlng. It is the kind of useful service on which Mr. Harding doubt- less hopes the airships of the future will- concentrate, war .prophets to the contrary notwithstanding. A Californja geyser is being made to supply natural steam fer commaercial use. Italy should persuade sclence to devise.a means of harnessing Vesuvius and Etna for the distribution of heat and power. Many working people will regard Judge Gary's effort to abolish the twelve-hour working day as one of the politest forms of gentlemen's agree- ment he ever undertook. The next iime two distinguished of- ficials abroad decide to have a duel they might secure liberal.funds for pa- triotic use by employing @ press agent and selling tickets. There cannot by any.chance be enough parties to accommodate all the now possible new candidates. Financial obligation between nations makes a certain amount of foreign en- tanglement inevitable. SHOOTING STARS. BY PRILANDER JOHNSON In the Land of Never Mind. {including damage from excessive or In the land of Never Mind ‘We will leave all care behind. So we journey with a smile On the road-of “After While.” As we travel day by day, Wearisome becomes the way. And we linger to inquire Of the land that we desire. There no sorrowing we’ll hear, Only songs will greet the ear, As we banish all distress To a glad forgetfulness. No one finds this reaim of rest; Yet each journeys in the quest, Hoping sweet relief to find In that dreamland, “Never Mind.” Privilege of a Proespectus. “Aren’t your ideas of government a “Perhaps,” -replied- the sov‘ktlsLl “But when you are writing a prospec- tus you're naturally expected to make it as alluring as possible,” g A Large Order. “Do you mean (o say you don’t read what I write about you?" sadly in- quired the press agent, /‘Not any more,” replied Mr. Storm- ington Barns. “If 1 kept reminding expected to display I'd get stage fright before every performance. A Blissful Dream. I hope that we'll gain further leisure for play A And husband laborious pow'rs, Until we can reckon a full working day By minutes instead of by hours. A Joyous Jangle. “Did it hurt that old piano to have it by the seashore?"” i v 5 " replied Miss Cayenne. “The result is an improvement. It makes any old modern tune sound like the latest jazaz.” Jud Tupkins says a man who gets #0 hard. up that he ‘has to sell his birthright for a mess of pottage haa to look sharp -that he doesn't get cheated out of the pottage. : A Punctilious Pirate, “Take down that flag with the skull and cross-bones on it!” commanded Cap'n Kid. “But it is the emblem of our pirati. cal calling!” protested the trusty lieu- tenant. ; E “It is losing standing. It looks like the symbol to distinguish a bottle of poison. The first thing we know we'll be arrested as bootleggers.” - “Telk i8 cheap.” said Uncle Eben, ‘eapPIn’ when a good salesman uses it te coax you into debt.” D. ¢, TUESDAY, JULY 10 1923 * CAPITAL KEYNOTES - BY PAUL V. COLLINS The greatest industrial gambler in the world s the farmer. He has no possible means of knowing when he sows his crop what the harvest or the price: will be, He runs & game of ehance which would daunt many a poker player or lottery investor. The Department of Agriculture is interested in crop insurance. Against what chanees can a farmer be in-; sured? Shall an Insurance company undertake to guarantee profits to all farmers? 1If so, then why not also guarantee profits to merchants and to manufacturers, Insuring them uni- formity of prices and market d mand for their goods? Can bad judgment be insured of success, either for manufacturer or farmer? Many efforts have been made, espe- cially in the northwest, to insure crops so that the farmer would be guaranteed a profit on every acre. In all such cases the compan have lost money. Some have lost even when the crop was Zood, becwuse they had gunranteed & net profit, and tarket prices slumped. The depart- ment points- out that that is not legitimate insurance. as it _simply tranafers uncontrollable hazsrds from the farmer to the Insurance com- panies. Real insurance must. be based upon statistical averas: * ok * The Department of Agriculture has issued a statement to the effect that sclentific farm insurance is feasible, when it is confined to scientifie lines and covers only actual damages by natural causes, omitting all efforts to insure against expected profits. The department favors. a policy which will cover all the principal hazards, deficlent molsture, plant pests, storms and drought, frost, hail and hot winds—every cause of damage except the farmer's own negligence. 1t is argued by the department that no insurance should —undertake to cover price fluctuation. That, bein subject to world conditions, ecannof be averaged by either an insurance company or & farm assoclation. The sanest means of controlling the mar- ket price is the wholesale storage of surplus stocks, as recommended last week by the bureau of farm federa- tions. which proposed storing 200.- 000.000 bushels of wheat, under gov- ernment inapection and contrel, and letting that storage out upon the market according to world demands. Similar storage can be applied to other crops. % k% To undertake to insure againat drought involves carsful discernment to indicate whether the drought dam- age is not due directly to the farmer's | negligence. The writer recalls two farms in North Dakota having identically the same.moll; they were located on opposite sldes of a road. Upon one fleld the soil was se dry, even to a depth of two feet, that It Was mere dust. Across the road the Soil, even within three inches of the surface, was so molst that it could be squeezed In the bgnd fnto a firm ball. On the molst Roil a bounteous crop flourished: though fho yenr's Faimfall was about twentv-two Inches aeross the road the crop was a total fallure. How would an insurance company | handle the drought loss under such | clreumatances? Did not the rain rnnl allke upon the just and the upjust? Yes. but it was not conserved alike. | * % ok % | The difference between the two! fields was wholly attributable to_the | methods of farming. followed.. One farmer understood “dry farming”; the other had come from the east and had not become familiar with farm- ing conditions in that section. The dry farmer plowed d teen inches. or perhaps e! Then he ran a subsurface: packer through the plowed land, packing the lower depth of the looséned goll #and leaving a dust blankét on top. Result: Caplllary attraction in the desp-packed soil drew water up from the depths all through the season, as loose soll, having no capillarity, could not do. As the moisture rose to near the surface it came against the dust-blanket on top,-which had no capiilarity, and so the moisture could not reach the surface, there to be evaporated by ‘the hot winds; it remained lrl‘pp.d about the roots of the grain and there was a continuous drawing up of water from the depths, through the subsurface packing. Should the farmer who suffered from “drought” be pald insurance, while the one who knew how. to.con- quer the drought was not even a claimant as a drought sufferer? That is one of the many typical problems pe- cullar to farm crop Insurance. * o o* ¥ The Department of Agriculture, in its bulletin discussing this insurance project, touches upon the ever-pres- ent socialistic idea that the govern- ment ought to be the farm insurance company for the whole country. In answer to that it says: “There are considerations which would work against the success’ .of a government agency. Among the difficulties would be that of fixing equitable rates which would he ac- ceptable, as such. as between differ- ent localities, and different farm Great diversity In rates |s unavoida- ble, on aceount of difference in the hasards from climate, plant diseases, Insect pests and other factors. The government would almost certainly meet with bitter criticism as to the fairness of the rates charged. The chief cause of the “bitter criti- cism” would arise out of the farm- er®’ own lack of using known &clen- tific methods adapted to local condi- tions. - Farming is far from being a uniform method for wet and dry re- gions, or for ninety-day growing ssason, and 150-day seasons. When farm {nsurance becomes p: ticable, say department experts, must be adjusted to comparatively restricted territory, and iInelude in- spection and approved methods o6f crop handling; otherwise, it is p ing In the dark. County mutual in- surance associations are recommend- ed by seme farm eeonomists as most lkely to. meet the hazards intelli- gontly and safely, for they would now local conditions, and would watch for defective practices. The insurance policies would be condi- tiona] upen correct farm’ methods. 5 % % The American Sentinels is & new organization of boys of sixteen vears and older—the dangerous age. Presi- dent Harding is its honorary chlef n hteen. |and Rear Admiral William A. Moffat the active head. Admiral Moffat ex- plains that too often boys approach- ing manhood are allowed to drift, and they take & resentful or cynical view of soclety as a result. It ix for the purpose of Interesting these difficult young men—too old to be Boy Scouty —that the soclety of American Sen- tinels has been launched In Chicago. It probably will spread over the country: look out for it. (Copyright, 1923, by P. V. Cullins.) EDITORIAL DIGEST Equal Rights Should Mean Just ‘What It Says. “Much water has flowed under Lon- den bridge since the suffragettes were smashing windows in Parlia- ment street”” observes the New York Sun and Globe, and no more sig-| nificant illustration of the “results of the Englishwomen's outbreaks ten| vears ago” could be found than the final success, in the house of com- mons. of the bill to grant them the right to divorce on equal grounds with men. Thus, the paper adds, ' “the traditional limits upon their rights pass away one by one.” Whether woman suffrage will work any rapld improvement in gen- eral political conditions” the Colum- bus Dispatch is still uncertain. but It recognizes, in common with the American press in general, that “it does tend swiftly to the removal of legislation which may reasonably be classed as unfair to women.” Under | {he pressure brought upon social con- ditions by voting women, “Great Britain now concedes, by formal act, of parliament, that in their marital Telations husband and wife are en-| titied to an ‘even break'” as the, Cinctnnatl Enquirer puts it. Hereto- | fore, the Cleveland News tells us. ‘fhe English law has permitted a husband o divorce his wife on proof of a eingle act of infidelity on her part, but has denied a wife the right Yo divorce her husband. no matter hew promisouous his conduct. unle ahe could prove also that he had d serted her or treated her cruelly. n writers are agreed| h time to put an end untington Herald D “an' egregious unfairn And America that it is hi to what the patch calls women. 10 ke Sir Frederick Banbury, “an 1a diehard in the house,” whom the Shicago Tribune quotes, British law rded woman an in- nd has maintained | hat the woman be- longed to the man.” Accordingly, the Pribune SUgEe®: that “people who think that American divorce tends toward a loose social structure could find in Great Britain the worse alter- native of ructure permit- ting female hondage.” While “the old British conception of a wife a chattel” is becoming “a relic of the sordid past” so far as concerns her | property - _rights, _the “man-defined | Sanctity of the family” has been “the ; Jast institution to bend under the| pressure_of rising feminiam.” the Newark News points out. What that “sanctity” involves the News outlines thus: “Man has thrown as great safe- guards as were posgible arqund the family. Its perpetuation was based upon male primogeniture. ~Infidelity on the part of the wife was an unim- peachable cause for di jolution. of the | marital contract.. Infldelity on the, part of the husband played little part I the perpetuation of the family and consequently was negleoted by the male lawmakers.” But “reshaping the divorce laws to meet the new spirit of the times was inevitable.” and the enormous majority in favor of the Teform reflects the extent to which the new spirit has triumphed ove “one of the most flagrant injustices of the British law. Even that victory was not won without effgrt, & number of papers point out. While it Is true that the, bill “when it did pass received a ma- ority of about ten to one,” the Part- fomd” Bxpress and Advertiser saya that “there was nevertheless a hard fAght made for an amendment grant- ing the custody of children to hu bands divorced for infidelity alone, if under any circumstances an unfal ful husband was lfkély to prove a safer guardian for .a child than faithtul ‘wifes* The Detroit Free Prea tells a story of “one of the honorable members” who “expressed consider- able indignation during the debate because by the proposed-agmendment an English gentleman who happened, under the influence of a few gl of wine, to £o philandering about in dear old London, might lose his wife as a penalty- for a trifiing -delin- quency.” But the paper feels certaip that “that attitude cannot be mains tained mu lonrr in British politics, for it is evl “l Xk‘;'i.""""" are a ving, palitieally, even ster than in this, and a8 voters they will .scarcely continue to tolerate an has “always rega ferior person, the legal theory | than to e attitude which makes & marriage con- tract binding- upon themselves bat temporarils.voidable by bibulous hus- bands. Such freedom in the matter of divorce as is provided in the new legislation, the New York Herald points out. s already the right of women in most of the British colonies. In most ropean countries and in the United States.” The bill has not vet passed the house of lords, and an interesting pos- sibility arises in that connection, the effect. as the Nashville Banner states it. “that unfavorable action on the part of the house of lords may be construed as firtal proof that reform is needed there as well as in the divorce laws, there being a Strong feeling already that changes in_the upper house are very much to be desired.” In fact, the Louisville Courler Jour- nal suggests that “the war on the house of lords” may be precipitated by adverse action on the divorce re- form measure. That measure, the paper sa. “has the backing of the legal profession, of women's organi- zations in England and of the major- ity of the people. * ¢ & The house of lords now sits under the sword of Damocles. If it passes the bill it is only a question of time when the knife will fall and its unwieldy and inactive membership be cut. If it defeats the measure the pruning proc- ess Is lkely to follow immediately.” The present reform measure, ho: ever, “beneficial as it is, leaves ul touched certain evils in the British divorce system that many consider even more serious,” according to the Louisville Post. ~Of all forms of 1itl. gatlon that almed to secure divorce Is the most expensive in England. and, in fact. it costs so much money fo get a divorce, even where the case {8 plain, that poor people do not go into the divorce. courts. But does this make for morality? The best evi flef;ln on the subject is that it does no : In a Few Words. America has retired into pros- perous seelusion, occasionally look- i ing down through barred windows st Europe sitting in the mire of war- trampled fields. ' —LLOYD GEORGE. As a source of innocent merriment the teaching of evolution might be a g00d thing, as there is nothing so funny as Darwinism. By the same logic men. and women could be cousins of the housefly, the horse leech and the bedbug. —WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN. Independence in clothes takes more gourage than independence in opin- ons. —WILLIAM LYONS PHELPS. Accarding to. our ‘standards, the dress of the savage Is immodest, his manners vulgar and his dancing in- decent. Why 80 many of the younger generation. should endeavor to emu- ln-‘):,lgug; lolr(l):{'ltcr g - A . IRAM BING- HAM (Conn.) e True ,statesmanship is anticipation of what is to_come and. nnp'.g:llon for it. —JOSEPH TUMULTY. 1 don't believe if a plan for a world court or league ‘came ‘down from aven his time it would be greed upon by all natiens. —SENATOR FLETCHER. Everybody “believes fn free speech as goaranteed by the first amend- ment to the Constitution when heis the one making the ‘spéech—the su- Ppreme test comes When we are called upon to apply its principles when the other man is making the speéch. —SENATOR BORAH. I am -not generally supposed to have imagination, but I would rather have written a Keats sonnet than in- Vented a polson gas or a gramophone. —PREMIER STANLEY BALDWIN. Nations that have physical power to enforce their will are likely always to pref 1] to be the plaintiff, judge $nd aheri(L In their.own chuge, rathor call upon the impartial'award of a.disinterested tribunal, - —EDWARD M. BORCHARD. to | | extermination, tering d ! i NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM WILD AXIMAL HOMESTEADS; .Enos +A. Mills, Doubleday, Page & Co. Man is not the only interesting animal. It is not certain even that he s the most interesting of animals. ‘We are coming, gradually, to know more about this since the rime of the new order of huntsman. The old Nimrod type, the mighty hunter brand, passed with the passing of the world frontiers. The man-animal is now in practical possession of the earth. The wild natives are now con- fined to such remote corners as this super-creaturs has not yet set his desiring eye upon. The work of the Nimrods was that of pure destruction, ‘Therefore, the scat- endants of this line are driven to the far waste places of the world for satisfactions of the hero complex handed down to them by this mighty man of valor. A few, only, of these remain. 8till, at intervals we do read about them, of valiant men— and women—going. eut into & distant ‘somewhere, “to shoot blg game.” And later we are likely to see pictures of these men—and “women—standing smug and triumphant, each with a conqueror’s foot set in y adjust- ment to the neck of haughty tiger or lion or elephant, now laid low by the prowess of th valorous sons of men. Mighty mro ne is re- minded right here that the only time when the Prince of Wales falled to look his part of good comrade to all the world was in a picture of him, looking down—a bit shame-faced, one thought—upon a splendid tiger which, without doubt, had been carefully rounded up for this other prince of a kingly line to shoot in complete saftey to himself. Not cricket—not sportin’, that! * K ok ¥ And what about this new order of huntsman? What is he like? As lit- tle like the other kind ae can - be imagined. He has not a shred of hero stuft about him, He is shabby, not dressed for a part, unpicturesque, no sense of spectacle anywhere in his make-up. Appearances make no ap- peal whatever to him. He is not over- sociable, that Is, with hiy own kind. Not crusty, mind you—just preoccu- pled. And he surely Is preqccupled, absolutely possessed by a passionate and absorbing Interest.. That is hiy mark. Somewhere, some time, this modern hunter began to notice queer things about the animals right around him. And gradually the notion that these were not, in very many re- spects, so different from himself from man. They made homes, ralsed families provided for the future, were positively great at minding their own business, and quite to be emu- lated In their respact for the rights of others. They had laws and organi- zations. A pretty good start our way, all this. In the nsw hunter's mind the vague notions grew to settled convictions. No matter what the kind of animal—these fundamental facts held good. Birds? Insects? The bigger and wilder animals of the west? The very big or allen ones coming this way through the circus or the 200? Yes, these facts applied to all—except the last—since neither the circus animal nor the £oo specl- men can live -up to hig nature any more than can the innocent man sent to prison and living behind its bar All the others, however—all the fre animals—lived under the same pri mary impulses that moved man him- self. So the new hunter sat down in his own neighborhood, or thereabout, captivated by the wonders of its na- tive g life No_ gun_nothing like it st f067, against the possible long trail that some one of Chese might set. and an extra coat for-a night or so in the open. And out of this sort of hunting we are learning many things—the chief of which s, that man is not the only created be- ing, coupled with a complete lack of warrant in the generally accepted theory that all the other animals were made for the use of man. Then, the dally life of these various orders is a fascinating and suggesitve thing. Out of this kind of hunting we have Henr! Fabre, wizard of the insect world, and John Burroughs and Enos Mills and Roberts and Long and Cur- wood, and others and others, who have this new point of view, (his new | angle of approach. * * & ¥ “Wild Animal Homesteads” js just a day here and there gathered out,of the busy and interesting life of the beloved ~and lamented Enos Mills, friend of the west country animals— bear, mountain Hon, coyote, deer, beaver, skunk, squirrel and- the rest. Just the sameé fundamental urge with these credtures-as tith the man animal—food. - shelter, procreation. And so, under he guidance of this loiterer along "the -animal paths, we come upon one or another of these engaged much as we are—getting food, choosing mates, building homes, rearing children, teaching them how to go on in ‘the endless progression of one generation after another. And each kind has, in a marvelous way, developed a social technic of its own The beaver, for instance,-looks much like our own homesteader. He, with- out doubt, chose the preferred spot, staked out hig claim,. set up .“no trospass” signs, worked his holdings, and, we hope, lived happy_ever after. A creature of -hitherto unsuspécted wisdom, the begver. ver’ is, according to.. working about -as little as any ani mal on earth.” The beaver.is. the ‘modern efficiéncy. . man” all over again. He has little to do. That lit tle he does in a WAy calcplated to make Henry Ford sit up and look beaverward. Anintelllgent animal, he does not work just for the sake of working, So the beaver has a large play time, “Which sults him down to the ground. He belongs. to the leisure cass, if-ever an amimal did Every summer hé takes a long vacation away .from home months of it. Travel and play, 3 scenes, new interests keep him alive and fit. The beaver-is “master-of the fine art of living.”; "The long absenc from home airs out the empty house and reinforces ‘the'advantages of the summer expedition. It is dificult to see how folks' can' do’ much better than that. All of the Rnimals appear to have hit upon an ‘economy" of ex- istence that the niere human has lost. To be sure, things, just things, have been our undoing—clothes, and houses, and motors, music boxes, and | travel, and rivalries with all’ the other undone folks. These the wizer animals have escaped. They form the real leisure 'class sbout which we read so much and which we, in des lusion, ‘supposed embraced parts of the human family instead of the In-. finitely saner “lower animal 80 easily name them. other quite remarkable stories here about one and another of these west ern tribes wherein each species of lnlmll\_lu a specialist in one line or another, elther bent to the.end af making a living or in developing means of defense against enemiep. Wonderful personal powers are veloped among them. The antélope has telescopic eyes, the griszly is & ! {stood that it takes a patriotic Japa ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin Q. How does Rock Creek Park rank with other large parks of the world? ~—D. L. A. Rock Creek Park covers an area of 1,776 acres. Fairmount Park, in Philadelphia, the largest city park In the world, comprises 2,648 acres Forest, Park, 8t. Louis, 1,372 acres, and Central Park, New York cjty, 840 acres. Abroad, the 'gest s proba- bly the Bois de Boulogne, Paris. cov- ering 2,260 ‘acres, followsd by the Prater, Vienna, of 2,000 acres. Hyde Park, London, covers only 400 acre: and the Thiergarten, Berlin, 630 aer: Q. What Presidents were not in- augurated on March 47—T. A. F. - Guorge Washington, Aptil 30, 1789; Monroe (second term) March b, 1821; Tyler, April 6, 1841; Taylor, March 6, 1849; Fillmore, July 9, 1850; Johnson, April 15, 1865; Hayes, March 5, 1877; Arthur, September 20, 1881. Q. What is the membership of the Norweg!: Lutheran Church ofl America?—L. C. A. The Norweglan Lutheran Church of America was or, It now has a total fnembe) 500,000; confirmed members, 29 Q. What kind of weather will greet gu_rprendenull party in Alaska?— A. The weather bureau says that it is likely to be as hot in Alaska as it is here. While the temperature averages about 60 degrees for the month of July, the coastal district, which the President will visit, has had a July day when the thermometer stood at 93. The interior district, part of which lies within the arctic zone, has had a maximum tempera- ture of 96 degrees. Q. How much paint does it take to cover the dome of the Capitol?—A. G. A. Forty-three thousand pounds of paint are mixed when it is painted. It takes thirty-five men about three months to complete the task. Q. ‘Where and how large are_the proposed new Botanic Garden?—M F. T. A. They are adjacent to the Ana- costia river. The whole gardens would comprise 800 acres, and with nearby government lands along the Anacostia and Potomac rivers would form a con- tinuous open tract of about 1,200 acre: Q. Does sound travel faster by radio than it does naturally?—C. F. T. A. Sound travels about 1,100 feet per second. When sent by wireless. it takes the speed of electric waves, 186,- 000 miles per second. Q. Where is the shortest distance across the United States?—G, E. F. A. The shortest distance from the Atlantic to the Pacific across the Japan Getting much more expensive. The hi; other ‘mammals now extinet, some ‘scientists say was from 30.000 to 50,000 years ago. submarine has ever reached?—O. O. the greatest submarine ever submerged was Ready Unlted States. is between polnts-near Charleston, 8. C. and San Diegg, Calif.,, and {s 2,152 miles. Q. Are the automobiles used in rope about the same as the ones s in America?—A. T. A. A. For the most part smaller, lighter cars are used abroad, since gasoline ix priceg larger, heavier and the ones seen in cars are often handsomer than America. Q. What wood is used for telephone poles?—J. L. W. A. Chestnut is most commonly used; next . comes northern white cedar, southern white cedar and western red cedar. Q. Where is the highest tide in tle , world?—S. L. A. The highest tide is in the Bay Fundy, Canada, where there is a rize ot fifty-three feet. Q. What kind of whales attain the greatest size?—F. L. B A. Fin-back whales are the large«" The length of the longest one c tured was 100 feet. Q. At what period did the so-called cavemen live?—T. C. M. A. The caveman lived between the third and fourth ice ages, along with the cave bear, cave lion, cave hyena Irish elk and which whoolly rhinocerous, is the greatest depth a Q. What A. The Navy Department says that depth a United h‘(au; feet. Thir record was made durin the ‘war, off the coast of Ireland. Q. Are there many people in this country who have reached the age of 1007—I. M. C. A. There are 3.500 persons in the United States who are more than 109 years of age. Q. What are the swifest and siow. est speeds known?—A. M. P. ‘A. The swiftest speed known is that of light, which travels at the rate of 186,000 miles a second. The slowesy is perhaps that of the human thumb- naitl, which grows 2,/1,000,000,000ths of & vard a second. © (Editor's note—Star readers are rr- quested to give their full names and ai- dresses when writing to Mr. Haskin fo information. This is necessary becaiss he replies direct to all inquiries. Only & Jew selected answers of gemeral interest are printed in the paper. Address your letter to The Star Information Burcau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, 1220 Nortl Capitol street.) to Celebrate Kawabiraki, National Feast Day BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Elaborate preparations are being | made in Japan for the celebration ten | days hence of the great metropolitan festival of Kawabiraki, in which the entire population of high and low de- gree takes part. It is not a very anclent festival. Indeed, it dates fiom 184 years ago. when the first great bridge across the river Sumida, dividing the capital, was thrown open to the people. It is essentially a water celebration, the broad river Sumida, which is to Tokio what the Thames is to London, the Seine to Paris; the Danube to Vienna and the. Hudson to New York, is crowded with ‘myriads of boats and. §ampans of every shape and form, each brilliantly {lluminated with multi-colored Japa- | nese lanterns and frelghted with | laughing and singing men, women and | children, while the teahouses and | restaurants that line the banks are still more brilliantly lighted and gay | with soundsjof revelry. Kawabiraki| may Indeed be described as the Feast | of Lanterns, and is made the occasion | of the grandest display of fireworks | during the year—of those fireworks | + which the Japanese describe as Fire | Flowers—and in the contrivance and | devising of which they have devel-| oped an_ altogether marvelous pyro- technical skill. Boats on the night of this festival command fancy prices | and are:engaged weeks ahead, as are | 8lso the rooms and balconies of the | feahouses and gardens lining the | river, and those of the people wha have not the wherewithal to secure accommedations of-this kind throng | the shqres and feast on food, and above @il the dripk' purveyed by itinerant venders, ‘dancing and sing- ing to-the ubiquitous strains of music and of song. Tokio indeed hecomes on this night, namely, July 2 a species of oriental Venice at the time | of the latter’s annual carnival. Little work is done during the we The entire huge metropolis which. with its near 3,000,000 podulation housed for the most pa in one or two storied buildings, extends over a cé- lossal area, is given up to merriment, | and about the only persons who, dream of serious work on the occa- sioh are those clever artists who seek to portray the varied scenes ahd to! £nd inspication for thefr magt suc- cessful and _characteristic pictures. | The food and drink consumed during | this night of nights is something wo- lossal and when {t is mentforéd that Japanese din consist sometimes:| of as many a8 sixty separate courses ' of food that,-while agreeable to the | palate, 1s ‘eedingly indigestible ahd | that the “sake” or national Japanese home brew made of rice is terribly intoxicating, it will readily be under~ nese a matter of several days to recover from the jollification of the festival” Kawabiraki. 3 * X x ok Prince Talleyrand, when in charge of the foreign relations of France; at the beginning of the nineteenth cen- tury, ® intrusted Joseph Bonaparté— then ferely an ordinary citizen and who was only much later on raised by his brother Napoleon I to the throne of Naples and then to that of Spain—with the duty of meeting" and negotlating ' with the United States o missioners, William Vans -Murra: ofiver Ellsworth and William Davie, whom President Adams ha sent to France with a view-of putting an end to the temporary estrangement hat had arisen between the two countries, an estrangement that ha actually led to several armed encoun: ters at mea, notably that between the Constellation, under Commodore Trux- tun, and the French frigates L'Insur- gente and La Vengeance. The differ- ences ¢ largel$ of misunderstand- Ings that could’have; been avoided, and for which the glaring lack of knowledge of diplomatic and inter- national procedure of the early revo- Tutionary regime in Paris was largely ponsible, When Prince Talleyrand jumed the . direction of France's forelgn affairs new 'methods were adopted by France in dealing with other nations. He quickly realized master “of . hose craft, innumerable scent messages being received by him as warning, a4 & saving of labor, as a general increass o‘ his efficiency. Just a_mention this, of a few points in a book of -geniiine Interest to those who chance -to be in sympathy with this modern way of huntin, wild animals. A way of hunting thal helps to open up the world of knowl- edge, a way that servea to uxvu‘ e the unity of life. and one, too, that is caleulated to inepéase.the 'general stock of s\l-mud kindness nst any pot l‘f‘ ity o e in:.that respect. It s, besides, another pers sonal word baek heme f ful nd beleved man——words, alwa 'rom this man, for bullding, never lor destroying. G M. the necessity of rellnrlng the old- time friendship between France and the United States, which owed so much to its alliance wWith France at the time of its'war of independence. The instructions. given to Joseph Bonaparte by the prince—that past master in the art,of internstional ptatecraft and -diplomacy-—were very uch to ‘the point. ~He declared in ;’u written ' instructians,. ‘‘the. discus- slon of differences between twp peo- ples present two distinct ppints of yiew; fipat, that which is an affair of ure irritation or of diplomatic ptibility; second, that whieh is an. affair of national interest, of polic: and of commerce.” By keeping the second point of view steadily before him, and by subordinating its con- | ested in the development o | fectly sideration to the first of the twa points, Joseph Bonaparte succeeded in entirely restoring the friendly re- lations between France and America in the form of an agreement which; I belive, is known in history convention of Morte! * ok K K One feels tempted to° reommend that the advice givén by Prince Tal- leyfand to Joseph Bonaparte should , be applied to the present misunders standing between the British foreign office and the Am?rlcan embassy il London on the subject of the action of the latter in closing the United States consulate at Newcastle dq In-tranetersing all s «tensive busi: ness to ‘the American consulate at Hull, greatly to the inconvenience and hampering of the com ercial rela- tions between the two countries. The close of the United States consulate at Newcastle is producing a in sentiment of irritation, especial ameong those who are chiefly int f comme clal understanding between the two great English speaking powers of the world. The British government recently intimated in reply to a ques- tion in parliament that it was per- willing to take up anew the Newcastle consulate if the American governmént - showed any desire to meet it’'in ‘the matter. Inasmuch as the differences §n_guestion are | fair of “pure trritation and diplomatic susoept{bility”_and not “an Issue of national intefest. oF poliey’'rit seems | to be a pity that the commexce 6f the two -countries. should -he . allowed to suffer any longer. There is reason to believe that if the America ambassador in London were to take heart the recommendatign. of Talle rand and to_show ;the, same with which Joseph Bonaparte |fowed the instructtens df h would. by means of fritndly diplomatic negotiation wiih the eign office manage to obliterate th source of irritation, and to allay misunderstanding that, _originat with subordinates, could bave bee averted almost at the very outset b more tact and diplomacy bn the part of those chiefly concerned in London Indeed. there is every reason to b lieve that the British government is ready to meet the United States m than half way in the affair, in interests of national interest policy, and to i{ssue an exequator the consular representation at N castle wheneyer it js asked for. * % k ¥ Members f .the Paris Union Jogkey Clyb will ‘misg the old Cou Claude de' PHmédan, -hapal Duke Rarecount, . who," gn. the outbreak the great war, réjoined the army from which hevhad rétired with the rank of ‘lleutenant colonel, and who In 19TF. aid 1918 Cwad $a command of the sorely’ tried and hotly defended ecity of “Arrhs,” winning the officers’ cross of the ‘Leglop, of Honor, the croix / de guerre and. the Bfftish order of St.'Michael and St Gedrge. He lost one of his sons, Henri. the battle of “the:Marte, while a other, Plerre, fell-as captain_of ar- tillery in fighting "aréund Verdu The old, colonel, a Véry picturesque figure, had been In his-younger day military .attache of thé French em bassy in- Japan and was, like a other members of his family, an ar- dent royalst:. +. .- B he French marquifate of his hou dates: from the middle of the sever teenth century, and at the time of the revolution of 1830 the Marquis of Pimodan of the day, an office: royal by in f th guard, followed his soyer- eign, King Charles X, into Austrian exile and took seryice in the cavalry of théydual empire. He ross to the rank of eral and received the Aus- trian. title of count from ‘Emperor Francls Joseph, but resigned his cém- mission on the cuthreak of*the: War between France and- Austria in 1859, Bnd, belng unwilling to serve under Napoleon III, whom he regarded as an adventurer.and as a_usurper, of- fered his sword to Pope Plus IX, who placed him in command of a division of infantry composed of French, Bel- glan and ®nglish volunteers, most of them men of birth and fortums, of l.huprlnklln‘ of Amerfeank ';gqc the s . Eh}i the head of his men:ai #he. battl, Castel.Fidaro, desply* mautned by the Pontiff, who had- become very fond of, him, personklly presiding at his obkeq; and* himself ‘writing the beautiful inseription fhat- appears upom his tomb.at Rome, @nd bestow- ing the Roman, title -of Dike of Rare- court to borne By lils séns and by every memiber of ha‘hml His widow 'sutvived her husband's death until 1836, and Col. €laude, who has Just been lald to hfs rest, was her Younger son. He leaves two sons, George and ‘Leuis,-both veterans of the great war, “to perpétuate his name and honors,