Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1923, Page 5

T HE. EVENING . STAR, WASHINGTON MON 7 : . 2 DAY, JULY 9, 1923 _——————'-——————-__——'_———_—‘——"_____——__——' CTZENS TO AT . COALPROFTEERING i Committee Organized to In 1 vestigate Prices De- | manded Here. | i A concentrated movement against €oAl profiteers was inaugurated yes- terday at a meeting of a group of citizens in the home of Mrs. Celia R. Whitaker, 1620 Riggs Place north- West. Plans were laid to organize Washington's civic bodies into a *coal consumers’ league to investigate the wholesale and retail prices of coal to determine whether or not un- falr profits are belng exacted Among those present were: C. T. Clayton, representing the Columbia Helghts Citizens' Assoclation; Mrs. E! P, stigafl, representing the Na. tional League of Women Voter: A 1. Swanton and G. A. Warren, repre- senting the Federal Employes’ Union; Mrs. W. L. Chamberlain, president Woman's City Club; Miss Emma Wold, legislative secretary National Woman's Party; Prof. and Mrs. A Spanhoofd A statement, issued after the meet- ing, pointed out t the price of coal today is virtually that of winter famine prices, despite the fact that ‘the mines have been working stead- fall of 1 No in-| t of production or ' distribution has occurred since that| time, it was stated. A temporary organ tion was | formed with Mrs. Whitaker as its secretary, An invitation for all civ- ic organizations in Washington to Join the movement was issued. DG SCHODLSTOUSE 0LD BOOKS N 154 Limited Appropriation Pre- vents Discard of Obsolete Volumes. the the Hundreds of obsolete geography and history textbooks will continue to be used in the public graded schools through the next scholastic year. Officials at the Franklin School, + who are preparing to order supplies for the forthcoming school year, said today that the limited appropriation will prevent the discard of but a few of the out-of-date books that speak of the German kaiser and the Russian czar and make no mention of the frontier changes in Europe which re- sulted from the war. In addition to providing the graded schools with books and other supplies the officials this year will have to sup- . DIy the seventh and eighth grades of the four new junior high schools— expected to be opened in September on the appropriation of $100,000—the same amount that has been available annually for the last three or four vears. Moreover, more supplies than ever will be required during the next school year to provide for the pro- spective increased enrollment esti- mated at 2,000. At least $25,000 of the $100,000 ap- propriated, it was pointed out, will be used to replace worn out, germ- laden books that have been con- demned as unfit for further use. Thousands of the books have been ordered destroyed. Among them are 6,000 arithmetics, 5,000 spellers, 4,500 geographies, 5,000 histories and civies texts and 5,000 music books. Writing paper also has gone up in price, it was said. This means that about $3.000 more than anticipated when the school estimates were framed, will be needed to purchase paper for the children. Tt also in- dicates, an official said, that text- books will n.t be cheaper. . The school budget for the current fiscal year carried an item of $150,000 for textbooks and supplies, an amount | inadequate, officials said, to meet the needs. Congress, however, $60,0 from the item STIRLING CASTLE KEEPER. King Restores Honor to Erskine + Family After Lapse of 208 Years. From the Christian Science Monito After a lapse of 208 of hereditary keeper of Stirling Cas- tle, the ancient residence of the Stuart kings, has been restored by King George to the Earl of Mar and Kellfe. ‘This office was conféerred on an an- cestor of the present earl in the year 1370 and held by the family, with one break, till 1715. The then earl took sides with the Stuarts and, belng de- feated at Sheriffmuir, was deprived of his_title. { At the ceremony of restoration the earl presented his royal warrant of office to the military commander of the castle, and received in return the key on a red velvet cushion. Taking sheared Goes to Military *Camp fer Drill REPRESENTATIVE ROY G FITZGERALD, Representative Roy G. Fitzgerald of Dayton, Ohlo, who is & very active mem- jber of the House District committee, has gone to Camp Knox to keep himself fit in case Uncle Sam ever wants him again for military service. Representative Fitzgerald is a major in the Reserve Corps and during the world war served as a captain with the American Expeditionary Forces. He was in command of a delegation of elght reserve officers from his home town who started for camp yesterday to take two weeks of drills, tactical exer- cises, lectures, athletics and some ten- nis and golf between revellle and taps. He is very enthusiastic over the value of the training in these summer camps. LQUOR BOAT RACES AWAY FROM SHOTS Revenue Cutter Unable to Catch Speedy Craft Run- ning to Shore. By the Assoc HIGHLANDS, N. J,, July 9. solld shots were fired from ‘a coast guard cutter at a speedy rum-runner last night after her crew had been aboard a French ship on Rum row, en- joying a Sunday afternoon social chat with the skipper. The runner escaped, as dld another that had taken on a cargo of liquor for the shore. The captain of the rum-smuggling craft paid no heed to a chot fired across his bow and managed to outdistance the government cutter, although shells dropped near enough to his boat to send spray over her deck. The first runner eluded the cutter before any shots had been fired at her. ted Pre Heard Captain Swear. So close was the cutter to the rum boat at one time that the former's crew could hear the curses of the boot- legging captain ds he defled their shells and ordered full speed ahead. The runner disappeared after reaching the shore near Highlands. The thrilling chase after the rum- runner started after the first boat had eluded the coast guard cutter. Crews of both had been aboard the French schooner Gerberville, one of seven ships now lying along the ten-mile stretch that composes Rum row. Both boats had loaded their cargoes and were enjoying a glass and a chat be- fore starting their dash to the shore. Suddenly a lookout on the Gerber- ville shouted, “Cutter!” Full Speed Ordered. The crews of the rum-runners scram- bled down “Jacob’s ladder” and put out for the shore. A column of black smoke poured from.the cutter, show- ing that full speed had been ordered for the chase, She headed in a diag- onal direction to that of the runner, hoping to head her off. The distance was too great, howeve and this boat proceeded {o shore without trou- le. The other boat had been slower fin getting away from the Gerberville. The cutter changed her course and put out after her, but with the “bone in her mouth,” the government boat was unable to Keep the pace sét by the speedy liquor-carrying craft. The fitteen shots were fired in twenty minutes, all the shells falling near the boat, but non striking her. The escaped craft was belleved to be the same one .which was fired upon some weeks ago, and_whose captain at that time also defied his would-be captors. The coast guard captain turned his attention to other members of the rum-running fleet, who ivere out in considerable number today, and, sev- eral were stopped, but no liquor was over the key, the earl sald that King George had forgiven the act which had_deprived the Erskipe family of an. Ronor highly prized by It and which had now been restored. Chaplains in the Army are given less consideration with respect to advancement and rank than veteri- narians assigned to care for the wel- fare of horses and mules, the Fed- eral Council of Churches declared today, in announcing that Congress would be asked at its next session to remove the “discrimination” against the clergymen. Medical, dental and veterinary offi- cers, the general committee on Army and Navy chaplains of the council pointed out, are required to serve | only three years before they can | reach the rank of captain, and twelve vears for the rank of major, while a : chaplain must serve five and four- teen years, respectively. The chief of the Chaplains’ Corps, the committee added, cannot rise above the rank of { colonel, whereas the head of the | Medical and Dental Corps may be-: come a major general. ‘Want More Chaplains. In addition to seeking removal of these discriminations, it was an- nounced an effort will be made to have the number of chaplains in the Army increased to a ratio of une to overy 800 officers and men. The general committee on Army and Navy chaplains is the clearing house of most of the Protestant churches in dealing with the Army and Navy departments regarding chaplains. ~ The decision to ask Con- gress to remove the discrimination against chaplains and to Increase the number was taken at a meéting at which practically all the constituent churches were represented. Definite steps- were taken to pros found. Besides the Gerberville, which is a five-masted “auxiliary schooner, there were two steamers and four small schooners on the row. Rating Army Chaplain Lower Than Veterinarian Is Scored vide circulating libraries of religious and technical books for the chaplains in the Army and Navy. Plans for the establishment of chapels at Army posts and camps will be strongly backed. Definite action was_taken toward securing a chapel at Samoa. The needs there are so great that denominational groups will be asked to provide immediately $10,000 for a chapel building. On the presenta- tion_of the appeal of Samoa, Bishoj W. F. McMurray and Rev. R. L. Rus- sell, representing the chaplains’ work of the. Methodist Episcopal Church South, pledged $1,000 toward the | erection of such ‘2 bullding, if ap- proved by the general committee and the War Department. Glasses Fitted SEMONES Eyesight Specialist Phone Maln T8I FOR RENT ‘hswud Mon;lnm offices— ops and garage for cighteen cars, also second story storage, drivewa; directly through 158 fect, Apply D. E. BUCKINGHAM,» IRoy Fitzgerald \Fuel Commission Favors Coal Control by United States (Continued from First Page.) how the investment is to be deter-| mined. Throughout the report it in-| sists upon full and continuous pub- leity through some governmental au- thority with power to require finan- cial reports, to prescribe uniform methods of cost accounting, and to determine the conditions under which the coal may be shipped in Interstate commerce. An extensive study was made of the lliving conditfons of the miners' familles, and the wages, earnings and labor conditions of the mine workers form a large part of its report. Earnings are not stated| by averages, but by classes, the amount earned by these classes, and the days worked to earn the same. Of those who avail themselves of the opportunity to ‘work the year round, the Income for a family of five ranges in general from $1,600 to $2,000. Some exceed this; many fall below it. “The anthracite output has not kept up with the increase in population, nor, unless additional miners’ help- ers’enter the industry, is there hope of increasing the output. The mines are now making u._record In the way of production, but even yet are not using the mine and breaker to full capacity. If the labor can be found double ‘shifts in the low-cost mines would help to relleve the situation. Improved practices in the use of an- thracite are urged, and recommenda- tions made to reduce the number of market slzes, far better inspection of coal so as to guarantee quality, and the larger use of substitutes. The consumer can create a demand for substitutes that will serve as one form of insurance against unjust combinations of either labor or capi- | tal and the consequent rising prices. Prepare for Strikes. “It finds the legal right to exist of a man to work as he pleases. It finds also the right of collective bargaining, but observes that in ac- tual practice that neither of these rights is left unobstructed. It dis- tinguishes between economic and po- ltical rights and holds that under the guise of fixing wages and work- ing conditions a campaign to ad- vance a political theory should not be waged. It insists that collective bargaining implies collective keep- ing of the bargain, and suggests penalties for the breach thereof in any new agreement entered into. It offers a number of suggestions look- Ing towards bringing the operator and fiiner together in a more friend- 1y spirit, and for the speedier ‘adjust- ments of differences than now exists. “It recommends that the anthracite contract shall not expire at the same time the bituminous one does, and that the contract shall provide for its renewal except as to any sub- jects which either side may desire to review and of which notice is given 30 days before the expiration of the | contract. If they have not agreed 60 days before such expiration. they | shall report all the fa in contro- versy to the President of the United States who shall appoint one or more | persons to investigate the contro- verted tacts and make a public re- | port thereon prior to the expiration of the contract. “It also recommends that Congres: {shall give the President authority,| jin the event of the cessation of oper- atlons, to declare an erergency, take | charge of the mines, fix wages and the dompensation to :be paid the | owner, subject to review by the courts, and to distribute the product | as he deems wise and just.” Views Definite. The report of the commission is plain on the position of the members of the commission as to ownership or | regulation. “The commission does not rerom-’ mend the abolition of existing prop- erty rights, however much might be | sald for the view that mineral de-| posits should have been held from the | beginning as national rather than in- | dividual,” the report states. “The commission does not recom- mend government ownership either by purchase at present value or by expropriation. It does, howsver, hold' the view that a limited natural mo- | nopoly like anthracite, held by a| relatively small number of individu-| als, estates and companies, and sup- plying a necessity of life for millions of our people, cannct continue to be | treated as If it were not affected by | a public interest. Public Necessity. “Coal is quité as much a public necessity as gas, street railway serv- | ice, or any other service or com-| modity that has been brought under | public regulation. There should be | no secrets from the public in regard | to mining costs, profits, salaries, | wages, or corporate relations. Banks | and insurance companies are pri- | vately managed because we find by{ erience that they can be managed ' | for, | freight { with the more efficlently and economically on the principle of individual responsi- bility. But, like railroads, they are required to report to a public au- thority and they are subject to such regulation In the public interest as experience may show to be necessary and public opinion may from time to time approve. The gulding principle in such enterprises is no longer maxi- mum profit but maximum service to the public. “The time certainly has come to establish the same controlling_idea in’ the anthracite coal industry. There is not yet a sufficient basis In know- ledge or experience to determine what form of control or regulation will ultimately be most advantageous. What is clear is that in the oper: tion of coal mines, as in the opera. tion of raflroads, telephones, water companies, or banks, the public in- terest must be respected and served and that this requirement pla limitations on the rights of owners of coal lands, operators, mine work- ers, carrlers and dealers. ““The commission believes that the principle of individual and corporate responsibility should be maintained as most likely to Insure economical and officient management of the industry. and that the public interest may be adequately safeguarded by the creation of a governmental authority with pow- er to require financial and operating reports, to prescribe uniform methods of cost accounting, and to determine the conditions on which coal may be shipped in Interestae commerce. Would Empower Presldent. “The President of the United States should be authorized by act of Con- gress to declare that a national emer- gency exists whenever, through.fatlure of operators and miners in the anthra cite industry to agree upon the terms of employment or for any other reason there is a suspension of mining opera- tions, serfously interrupting the nor- mal supply of anthracite fuel in inter- state commerce, and to take over the operation of the mines and the trans- portation and distribution and market- ing of the product, with full power to determine the wages to be paid to mine workers, the prices at which the coal shall be sold, and, subject to court re- view, the compensation to be paid to land and mine owners."” Coal prices in the District of Co- lumbia are referred to in that section of the commission’s report having to do with prices. The report declares: “The well known increase in a: thracite prices in the last ten vears or so is frequently attributed to profiteering and frequently to in- creases in wages, but there have been insufficient facts available with which to measure the justice of elther ac- cusation. How great has been the actual rise in prices, how this rise 18 related to the general price move- ment, what items are included in the price the consumer pays for his coal, and especlally what profits come out of that price, are questions properly asked of this commission. D. C. Prices Cited. “The average retail price of stove anthracite in 1913 in Boston and Washington was $8.25 and $7.50, re- spectively, the former, however, be- ing the price of a short or net ton, | the latter that of a long or gross ton. In 1923 the corresponding retail prices are $15 for Boston and $15.39 Washington. Since 1913 the rates from the anthracite mines to these two citles have in- creased $1.25 and $1.14. Eight of the larger coal companies, most of them still closely afliliated with the rail- roads, are grouped together in price quotations, and their product is known as ‘company’ coal, in contrast ‘independent’ coal produced by 100 or more smaller ‘individual’ companies. In 1913 the average mine price of stove anthracite was $3.53 a gross ton; today the quotations are $8 to $8.35 a gross ton for ‘company’ and $8.60 to $11.50 for ‘independent’ coal. “Thus, In ten vears both the retail and the wholesale prices of stove coal have practically doubled. This is In line with the general advance in commodity prices, except that while the wholesale price of metals, for instance, reached its peak in 1917, of chemicals in 1918, of farm products in 1919 and of other commodities in 1920—all with subsequent declines, usually large—the price of anthracite has continued steadily upward. Dollar Analysed. “An analysis of the consumer's dollar, based on an examination of the books of retail dealers in several of the larger cities, may serve to show the componént parts of the price he paild. For example, in November, 1822, in Boston, the aver- age retall price of stove coal at the customer’'s curb was $15.68 a net ton. At this rate a dollar pald for 128 pounds of coal. Of this dollar, 45 cents represented the sales price at the mine, 23 cents the charge for freight, and_ 32 cents the share of the dealer. In New York the average price was $13. Here the dollar paid for 145 pounds of coal, and 56 cents, 18 cents, and 26 cents repre- sented the division between min railroads, and dealers. In Philade! - Yellowstone Park next Monday morning! O YOU realize that you ca D .‘Monday? “Go In Gardiner More geysers than in all the rest of the world together! Petrified fore: Yellowstone remurkable for gorgeous coloring! streams and waterfalls! Exceptional fis springs! Mud Volcanoes! and animel preserve in the world n leave Washington next Friday evening and be in Yellowstone Park in time for luncheon, Gateway; Out Cody.” Boiling ! Grand Canyon of the Lakes! Many large ing! Greatest wild bird 1—that is Yellowstone. On the homeward journey go through the Buffalo Bill country, along the foaming Shoshone Rive: r and out the Cody Gateway to Deanver. You can see Colorado Springs, the “Royal Gorge” and the “Georgetown Loop” and spend a few happy days in that sky- high paradise, Rocky Mountain (Estes) Park. Only $100.95 % from Washington to Yellowstone Park ‘The tour through Yellowstone Park is, of ; Write, for literature and detailed informa- tion, Pummill, General Agent, Philadelphia, Pa. Northern Pacific Ry. 2000 Miles of Startling Beauty” | ! { wholesale. jretall phia the price, figured on a net ton basis, was $12.93, 8o that the dollar pald for 166 pounds of coal, with | 61 cents, 16 cents, and 23 cents as| the respective shares of mine, rail- | roads and dealers. “In Washington the price figured on a ton net basis was $14.20, and | the consumer’'s dollar paid for 141 pounds and included 58 cents as mine price, 20 cents as freight, and 22 cents to the dealer. In Chicago, at the greater distance from the mines, the consumer’s dollar paid for only 120 pounds of coal and included 49 cents as mine price, 30 cents as freight, and 21 cents as dealers’| costs and profits. In St. Louis, with | a price per ton 44 cents lower than in Chicago, the dollar contained only 16 cents for the dealer. This abstract | of & much larger exhibit is sufficient to show that from 15 to 32 cents of every dollar spent for Pennsylvania anthracite remains with the local dealer, or possibly in part with a wholesaler from whom he obtained the coal, and between 45 and 60 cents goes to the producer. 11 Cents of Dol Profit. “It i{s Interesting to the public to know what part of the consumer's dollar commonly goes for profit of operator or retall distributor. A buyer of domestic anthracite in Bos- | ton \In November, 1922, pald some-| thing llke 11 cents out of every dollar | in the form of profit to the producer or retaller of coal. Of this about 4 cents went to his local retaller and| nearly 7 cents to the producer for his profit on mining and sale at| “Practically the same figures hold for Washington, where the same month the householder pald 3 cents out of every dollar in profit to the coal merchant and cents out of every dollar as profit! to the producer and wholesale dis- tributor of coal.” Taking up the situation mining flelds, the report states: “Just now, when in accordance with the agreement made between the an- thracite operators and the United Mine Workers of America, a new con- tract is to be entered into in the 1ight of the recommendations of this commission, it calls attentlon to cer-: tain facts, not to Stir up a_controversy about them, but in the hope that a| general amnesty may be declared in the industry, the siate wiped clean | and negotlations had looking toward ! justice to both miner and operator, and a continuous and -uninterrupted | supply to the users of anthracite. Operators Unorganized. “There is no adequate provision for the consideration of specific disputes | at the mine nor for insuring that all employers handle the question the! same way. The union participates by | its district representatives, but the employers have no corresponding agent to represent them in the early stages of the disputes. In this par- ticular this industry is not abreast of other well organized industries. The | conciliation board has done valuable work since it was created, in 1903, but as the years have gone by it has lost some of its effectiveness, and partly_through its own fault. “1."The commission recommends that in the next agreement there should be a ! provision for a continuing umpire and that he or an assistant named by him should sit with the conciliation board at all its meetings, but without a vote. | “2.In view of the delays that have | been caused by the absence of members of the concillation board, alternates of | like standing in the industry should be selected with authority to act in the ab- sence of the original member. “3. The operators’ group should ap- | point a full-time representative and all necessary assistants to consider jointly ! at the mine with the district officers of | the union each case before it is appealed | to the conciliation board, in the hope of | securing a local agreement, arriving at | a better understanding by ‘each sida of | the difficulties and problems of the other, and thus producing a mutual | feeling of respect for the other's opin- fons and each obtaining the outlook of , the other upon the problems. i 4. So many changes have taken place since 1903 that the agreement should ! provide for a joint committee to work out a restatement of the whole agree- ment in the terms of today, and this | agreement should be specific ‘enough to | be the code by which all persons hav- | ing_anything to do with the settle- | ment of grievances shall be bound. Should Name Examiner. ! It the board of concillation does not clearly understand the facts -in- volved in any case, it should appoint an examiner from each side immediate- ly to investigate and furnish it with al the facts. The agreement should provide for penalties for the breach thereof Not in the | Upon by either party. and the method by which such penalties are to be en- forced. “7. The renewed agreements have too rigldly retained the practices and | conditions of 1902 and have not had adequate flexibility. An which is necessarily changing cannot tie itself Inflexibly to conditions of twenty years ago without hampering the management and working injustice to miners. A second joint committee should be pro- vided for in the next agreement and directed to make an engineering study of the elements of the job of mining anthracite coal, for the pur- vose of building up a sclentific and | more equitable basis for rate making. Until, however, such committee shall disclose fundamental facts which shall form a decidedly better basis, the old 1903 base should, of course, be retained, for, however inequitable the basis of 1903 with its subsequent modification is, it is better than no basis at all. “8. The expiration of the contract in the anthracite region should not coinelde with the expiration of that in the bituminous region. The con- tract should run for a definite’ period of time, with the proviso that it shall be deemed to be renewed for a like period of time except as to such pro- | visions thereof in which notice of a | desired change shall have been given by efther party to the other at least ninety days before the renewal date. these proposed changes the parties shall immediately confer and if, sixty days before the date fixed for the renewal of the contract, they have been unable to agree, they shall report such fact to the President of the United States, specifying clearly lous output from the anthracite mines | Smith, the controverted polints. industry | constantly | son or persons to inquire into and make public a report upon all the relevant facts in controvessy before | the date of such renewal shall bave |arrived. Bans Punitive Laws. “The commission recommends at | this time no punitive legislation. It jawaits with interest whether the next agreement entered into shall show a co-operative spirit, a clear idea of | partnership on the part of all con- |cerned in it, and a proper concepti>n |of the rights of the American people. | These rights in the anthracite region are no different from those in the bituminous, and the judgment of the | mmission will be very largely af. fected' by what takes place In the | present negotiations. It calls atten- tion to the fact, however, that som of the material from both the opera- | tors and the United Mine Workers | presented to it is calculated, even if not intended, to inflame the public | mind for or against one of the parties. | This is more applicable to the bitumi- |nous controversy. These charges and | ;coumer-chlrlu are most unlorlunne‘ lat this perlod of negotiations. In- |stead of preparing the public mind | as to what will be real justice to the {operator and the miner and what will | stabilize the industry, there has been |too much of epithet, too little of ar- | | . The commission recom- | | mends that each side forget past dif- | |ferences and grievances and attack | |the problem in the spirit of justice 7 land fair dealing, not only between | |themselves, but with due regard for | |the rights' and sensibilities of the | American people. ~The commission | | hopes that a constructive view will | |be taken, not controversial in it: | character, 80 as to assure a continu The Presi-|and the serupulous keeping of the|P. Nefll, with Edward nearly 9!dent shall thereupon appoint a per- agreement. If it must fix responsi- BANDITS KILL MAN. GLENS FALLS, N. Y, July 9— William Hart of Hudson Falls dled in a hospital here last night from bullet wounds received when eight men held bim up near Lake George while he was proceeding south in an automo- bile with a load of beer. After _shooting Hart tne bandits threw him out of his car and then drove it about four miles down the road, where they abandoned it, Hart was ‘married a week ago. TEACHERS’ EXAMINATIONS. Eligibility of persons whose names appear on the eligible register estab- lished, following the postponed ex- amination September 30, 1922, for pro- motion of teachers in group B to the clags 6 salary class, has been extend- ed to cover a period of two years- to September, 1924, it was announced today at the Franklin School. The boards of examiners have been ordered to fix and announce the date of next examination for promotion to group B of class 6 salaries as near September 30, 1924, as practicable. All high ‘school principals and teachers who desire to be promoted to the superior class have been no- tified of the change P bility because the old order changed, it cannot do so taking into consideration minous industry.” The report i qammond, chalrman; farshall, rk_Howell, dward T. Devine not without the bitu- signed by John Hays Thomas T George Otis nd Charles e Hunt, sec- retary, as attest. Closed all day Saturdays during July and August The choosing is best now in Rich’s Semi-Annual Reduction Sale Women’s High-Grade Footwear —but you know that the choicest models are first to be “snapped up.” So it’s up to you to hurry. Varieties are very comprehensive—all materials and all colors. 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