Evening Star Newspaper, March 19, 1923, Page 4

e Tomb of King Tutankhamen L - May Yield New Color Ideas ] Scarlets, Yellows, Pinks and Grays on|: Treasures Will Be Analyzed by Scientists. i Tondon Times-New York Times coprright. By - drrangement with the Parl of Carnarvon.) By Cable to The Star. . BY A. LUCAS. Director of the Chemical Department of the Egyptian Government. _LUXOR, Egypt, March 19.—The most important and pressing chemi- | cal problems in connection with the tomb of Tutankhamen are those hav- ing reference to the preservation of ©bjects that have suffered from the matural processes of decay, which Tave been operating during the last fhres thousand years, Many of these problems already have been described. as have also the methods adopted to solve them. In addition to these problems, however, there arc others. uiso of & chemical nature, which though interesting are not urgent, and the solution of which, therefore, must be postponed for the present. In a few instances it has Been possible to make analyses and experiments of a simple nature on the spot, but, naturally. very little in the way of research can be under- taken in the temporary laboratory established in the Valley of the Kings, and it is only later at Cairol that various questions be dealt | with satisfactorily Would Solve Coloration. It may be of interst, however, to mention a few of the problems, They comprise, among others, the nature and me of formation of a vivid1 scarlet color on® gold. This colora- ! ion appecars to be selective in its action, some of the gold on the ob- Jeot being colored while other gold | on the same object remains uncolored. | Thus in the case of one pair of the| ¥ing's sandals the leather is orna-1 mented with a gold floral design. | which Is composed of an outer row of petals which are scarlet and an inner row of petals which are gra the gray being probably duc to the presence of silver in the gold; an ! inner rosette which is scarlet and a| center which is yellow. Another pafr . of eandals are ornamented with smail square pieces of gold and small round pieces of gold, the form being vel- ! low and the latter generally scarlet. King's Robes Brig | On one of the king's robes gold sequins arc bright yellow tinted with scarlet, while on other robes the gold sequing are a dull reddish brown color. Another problem which may have| some relation to the one just men- | tioned is the widely distributed pink coloration, and in a few places scarlet coloration, on the walls of the ante- chamber. 'Both the color on the gold | and on the uggestive of al scarlet volatile material that has been | deposited on objec but what the| material is, how it came to volatilize, | what caused its decomposition and| why this was selective are questions not yet answered. The third problem is the nature of | the proce: that led to the decay of | the leather. What has onece been the | raw hide is now like pitch and at! some time it has been viscous and has | “run”” Thus the hide from a stiok | found in a box had “run” onto the bottom of the box and the hide from the soles of the sandals had stuck the sandals fast to other objects. The! tanned leather is black and brittie| and has perished, but so far as can | Dbe peen at present it has not “run”i iike the raw hide Probe Nature of Decay. A further problem is the nature of the decay that caused &0 many of the | textile fabrics to perish. In many instances these fabri are now little more than a brown powdery mass. Other problems are the nature and cause of a \white incrustation on| falence. the thin white coating on| wood and other object: the brown spots on various materials and the blackening of only some of the resin- ous materials. All_these matters will be investi- gated as soon as time permits, but for the present various phenomena remain puzzles, the solution of which can only be guessed. TOMB OBJECTS EXPLAINED. —— H i Pictures in Star Show Something of | Art of Egyptians. ispateh to The Star. NEW YORK. March 19.—The close- up photographs of objects from the tomb of Tutankhamen, printed yes- terday in the rotogravure section of The Sunday Star and The New York , show something of the richs and_minuteness of finish of Egyptian art thirty-three | centuries ago. The gold scarab. or beetle, and the ! inlaid gold designs which constitute ames of Tutankhamen are conspicuou The background is al photograph of the second oldest piece | of tapestry known. Here and there it | is frayed into threads and these show the manner of weaving. A careful | xamination of the part that is intact | ves the existence of a tapestry- | woven design. i i Other Early Fabrics. The only earlier tapestry-woven 1abrics which have come to light were discovered in 1903 by the expedition of ihe late Theodore M. Davis of Newport ‘This expedition found tapestries in the tomb of Thotmosis IV. who reigned over Egvpt at the close of | the fifteenth century B. C.. about sixty eurs before Tutankhamen. One of These tapestries was woven in_ af brightly colored pattern of repeat fig- of the two heraldic plants of t, the papyrus, which was the of the north, and the so- alled lily of the south, something like & fleur-de-lis; in addition, the | name of the king’s father, Amenhotep 31._was included in the design. “These fragments show the art of tapestry weaving highly developed, xald Mrs. Grant Williams, Egyptol- oglst of the New York Historical § ciety, “and it is illustrative of the gaps in our material from Egypt That we are unable to trace the early ®es of the art. When photos of these pieces were published atten 17w was ralled t the tapestry-woven fabrics of about 400 B. C. now in , wtewn wawn were preserved tol yodern Limnes because of the dryness ¢ the 1. wh thev were found. From Egypt our only other examples 0K e iy yuite numerous—are of the Roman and Coptic periods. It is ‘greatly to be hoped that modern skill will be equal to saving this earlier fragment of Tutankhamen's day, of Which your picture gives an gnteresting glimpse.” Tutankhamen tapestry is said Cthe Tufknamen spertry o sae Wfiaster $ ‘g Sunday | Atlantic City SUNDAY, APRIL 1 SPECIAL TRAIN ‘Washingto cie.. 12,01 AN o , loaves 8. Oarolina Ave, 7.00 P.M, Additiontd Sundays, May June 10, 24 Pennsylvania R. R. System The Route of the Broadway Limited | ments. his att |effactive compound bow having been | | temented { hovers the symbol i to to have been worn by the king as a robe, but the kind of costume is not indicated. The chased gold scarab and the jeweled hieroglyphics, which together constitute one of Tutankh- amen’s names, is unique. Tomb rob- bers of ages ago probably stripped other kings of. their jeweled pro- nomens, or subtitles. This is one further illustration of the importance of the discovery of the tomb of Tut- ankhamen. Its outer chambers were robbed hastily and superficially soon after his death, but later generatio: of robbers lost the secret of the I cation of this tomb, and If has car- ried down through the centuries a wealth and variety of objects which have been found in no other sep- ulchre. Fine Art Shown on Box. Anpther object Is a painted box, one of the interesting objects in the tomb use of the excellence of its art. Elaborate comps tion was unknown before the eighteenth d to which Tutankhamen belong- | The artist has here made a bold and striking_ arrangement of many interrelated figures. Tutankhamen is | indicated in his chariot riding down an army of African enemi tossed into the air in all direction and slain by the king's arrows. In spite of the fresdom of part of the picture, the conventions which hedge a king are not disturbed by the artist and even duiing the battle’s hottest mo- wdants are shown fan- ning him. nder the magnifyving glass Dr. Williams has read the four lines of hierogiphe, three vertical and one horizontal, follows: “The good god, counterpart of Re, appearing over the foreign lands like “The rising of Re, destorying This land of wretched Kush, “Commanding his arrows against his enemies. Discusses Box Discussing the box Willlams sald: “On_the 1id are the hunting scenes. Both in hunting and in battle, {n the cighteenth dynasty, the king 'is rep- ented riding in his chariot, draw- ing his bow and arrows. These are typical Egyptian scenes, archery. hav- ing beon much practiced and the ve which she transiates as in Detail in detail, Mrs. in duced before the time ankhamen; less often the king is rep- of Tut- wielding a sickle-shaped sword or a club; T do not recall any battle scene in which he uses a jav !1in, but doubtless, like his courtiers, he 'was wont to spear fish s a sport. “The melee, the fallen enemics, the springing horse of the king and the ar- rangement used to make the king the central figure of one large composition filling the entire area to be decorated, are in the new style which in Tutakh- amen's day was still something of a novelty. The retainers wielding e mous fans and the threc rows—or regis. ter, as we call them—of figures behind | the king, are survivals of the o'der style of decoration in which the entire | field was divided in registers.” { Designs of 2700 B. C. In another picture one end of painted casket is shown, with des Wwhich may be traced back to early fifth dynasty, about 2700 B. C.. where they appear in temple rellefs. The fig- ures on the left-hand side of the box are carefully balanced. by figures on the right-hand half. exhibiting a_eymmetry of which Egyptian designers were for Tutankhamen is shown in the form of a sphinx, trampling on his enemies,” one a black man of Ethiopia, the othef an | Asiatic. The names of -Tutankhamen | appear in the hieroglyphs of the center. The faces of the two sphinxes might be portraits of him. The features in their | youth, freshness and intelligence resem- ble the tmages of Tutaikhamen swhich guarded the sepulchral chamber and the | face of the carved wooden statue found there which has been called a dun or mannikin. The youthful king is equipped with a conventional false beard and with an elaborate headgear in his | role as a sphinx. The feathers on his ! back are derived from the falcon, sym- | bol of the eun god. of whom he was the | “counterpart Above the sphinxes | | | the ’ vulture of the south ith wings dfooping in protection. Hierogiyphs Are Rend. Just in front of the face of the sphinx on the left Is a vertical line of | riting, which Mrs. Williams reads as follows: “Tramping the chieftains of wretched Kush under thy feet”* | The vertical line of hieroplyphs on | the left side of the picture Is balanced | by a similar line on the right, which | | rampling the chieftains of all| lands under thy soles (literally san-| dals).” This line describes the Asiatic, whose mustached and bearded face appears in each section of the plc-! ture, crushed under a hind foot of th sphinx. The Asiatic might be a Semite, | or, according to the theory of Weigall, | specifically an Israclite. Contrary 16 most or to all other authorities, Wel- all has argued that Tutankhamen | was the Pharoah of the persecution. | The artist's idea, however, apparently | was to represent.the Asiatic tipe, as | indicating the rest of the world,"or | “chieftains of all land A fact of great interest, as has been shown re- cently, is that the Egyptians did not come in contact with negroes, nor represent them on their monuments, until the eighteenth dynasty, for the | habitat of the blacks was well south of the fourth cataract of the Nile. Some Drawings Unsuccessful. Mrs. Williams pointed out, further, ; that, although the artist had repre- | sented the face and body of the| sphinx admirably, he had been less successful in treating the figures | trampled under foot. The negro face and arms are shown vividly in con- trast with the white robe and white plume, but the head of the black man on the left {s drawn awkwardly as if decapitated. The plcture has to be' turned upside dpwn for a good view | of the features of this man of Kush. | The black Kushite is painted more | skillfully in the picture on the right. The Asiatic type i3 represented awk- wardly, the foot, raised above the ground. being particularly a failure, The inevitable fan, seldom absent from elaborate Egyptian pictures, is shown above the back of each sphinx. Behind the head, above the fan and under the outstretched wing of the vulture, are hieroglyphics referring | the king, which say: “Given | health, life, stability, good fortune.” Used Earth Colors. ‘The Egyptians used earth colors,” said Willijams._“There_is some ENT A THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, MARCH 19, 1923 belief that they made use of com- pounds of copper for certain tints but usually they powdered and mixed the colors they were able to find in minerals. Lampbladk furnished their black ink and paint. Adhesive ma- terial was mixed with it as a binder. Thie box probably was made of Wwood covered with plaster, and with more than one layer. Then the colors were mixed with an azglut'native. might have been uséd or a gum. 'he Egyptian colors were lasting. They practically never fade, but peel oft. ” This is shown where tha colors and part of the plaster are gone at several places around the end of the box, especially at the bottom on the |- loft side. “The knobs on the box were used in securing the ld. It was the prac- tice to wind a cord badk and forth from the knob on top of the box to that on tha side, then to put on a | lump of Nile mud and stamp it with a seal” Sandal Gorgeous Work. | The sandal shown in an enlarge- ment is one of the most gorgeous pleces of human footwear. It is the most elaborate and rich sandal ever found. The decoration in the center of the strap that crosses the instep is the “blue lotus” pattern. This is an inlay in semi-precious stones. Strips of gold have been soldered on to sheet | gold, and it is like cloisonne work. | except that the strips inclose cut stones instead of enamel. On each side of the lotus design is a beetle or other insect. Adjoining each beetle is a duck’s head. Mrs. Wil- liams, who recently has been special- izing in Egyptian jewelry, was not able to throw ht on the materials or methods used in making up the flowers which appear on either side of the central designs. “We must await the statements of those who have seen the sandals,” she said. Gold Work The gold work ter of the strap and ward apparently is fi . according o Mrs. Williams—that is to say, the tiny gold rings are net fixed on a i metal background, but are soldered to one another, and the presence of | the oxidation | and varieiy of hues mentioned in the dispatchas from Luxor describing this part of the sandal The child's glove is a rare object and one of a type which. in the na- ture of things, would survive for 3,300 vears only when conditions were ex- tremel. vorable. Mrs., Willlams was loath to accept the theory that the pleasing ‘wooden statue of Tutankhamen shown was a model used in trying on robes or jewelry. In the firet place, she point- ed out that the royal headdress was carved out of the same block so that the figure could not be used for tr: ing on headgear. This would nat rally detract from the utility of su an object. Wood was mwh ys<ed Hgypt for works of seulpture. hence the material does not mark it as u manikin Lore of the Leopard's Head. The leopard’s head from the p robe found in the casket was a deve! opment from the earlier practice of pr in wearing the entire skin of the leopard with the head dependent | from it. Sem was one of the titles of | he high priest of Ptah &t Memphis. his Ptah being the artificer among the gods, credited in one myth with the creation of human beings The* stool, in the opinion of Mrs Williams, was a property. While the under have been conatruct ) 1ap . the seat is rigid, be folded up lik Mrs. Will considered it to be af unerary object, built solely for the! ervice of Tutankhameén in his ever-| lasting residenc i BISHOP TUTTLE BETTER. Prelate From Coma. ST. LOUIS, Mo.. March condition of Bishop Daniel S. Tuttle, who presided over the Episcopal Church in America. has taken a turn for the better. according to attending physicians. 1t s reported that thel aged prelate. whe has been critically | ill with la grippe for th i aek at his residence her galned conscidusness, cmerging the state of coma into which he Saturday- Filigree. ched to the cen- ding for- 2 campstool. | Episcopalian Emerges 19 —The from Recognized standard both WOOD Are as famous as without obligation. THE E. T. BU and. BURROWES ALL-METAL WEATHER STRIPS “Wish You All the Luck in the World.” GUS, (M GoING To LET You it O™ A SURE THING . * 1T Wit MAKE You A RicH MAr INSIDE OF A MONTH, HERe’S THE (0EA — A LITRE CRoW O OF US ARE — 1T WOUL O BE JUST MY LUCK To HAVE THAT THING TURM OUYT A GOLD MINE! THAT'S THE WAY ALL THESE BIG FORTUNES ARE MAOE — ByGETTinG t~ Ort THE GROUND FLooR . | WASA FooL FOR NOT KNG A FLIER- IF 'D PUT ¥ THAT WoUL D HAVE MEANT AN v Come oF #1b,648 BILL,THIS SCHEME 15 A PIPPin! 1 DON'T ) SEE HOWYou Oam LOSE. | HOFE You MAKE A MiLLION DOLLAR S OUTOF IT. THERE' S NO MAM Or EARTH | D RATHER SEE STRIKE / W 0D PuT w¥5000 AND THE BUSINE SS TURNED OUT AS WELL AS BILL EXPECTED \T WouLD (D GEeT A DIVI0DEND OF ¥8,32¢ A YEAR. . | CERTAIMLY WAS A FooL For. PASSING | HEAR BiLL' S CorpPAar BLEW uP. THE Boys LOST EVERY CENT THEY PUT I { i THA'S PRETTY i 10,000 . GooP! Tuey TRIED AnD 1F 1 D Rurin®20,000 THAT WOULD HAVE - LE'S SeE- 2%8= o ANO | To RRRY 2%x4 w8 AND 2¥6:= 12 AND | To CARRy - THAT'S BANS FRENCH PERMITS. Halts Merchants Shipping Berlin Under Invaders’ Authority. Dy the Assatiated Press BERLIN. March 19 of posts has ordered all dressed the lished by the Frenc stopped. _The reichrat, council, has requested ment to eize on its entry many any merchandise by French permit German merchants to permit or Cost in BERLI marks t RUSTLESS ALL CITIES Largest Screen Manufacturers in the World for over 50 years in METAL Frames Burrowes Screens Window Shades and Awnings—Disappearing Beds Qur Salesmen go everywhere and furnish estimates cheerfully Phone Main 8620 or Write to RROWES CO. 803 Continental Trust Bldg. Cor. 14th and H Sts. N.W,, Washington Phoning a Prescription Saves Valuable Time 1t very frequently valuable time in going a prescription as soon as The appeérancc of be fresh and bright if Call Mai portant to get a prescription quickly. en when such an emergency arises, every one around the house is too busy, or would lose Make It a Bright Easter Hoffman Company for Cleaning, Press- ing, Dyeing or Repairing. . Have Our Driver Call - For Them Today CLEANERS & DYE MAIN OFFICE 740 i2™ ST N. happens that it is im- And oft- fter the prescription. That is the time, especially, when the doctor is glad to phone us and have us deliver the it is compounded. Wardman Park Pharmacy F. W. Walker, Mgr. Conn. Avenue and Woodley Road N.W. Phone Columbia 2000 your garments will they are sent to The in 4724 W. —The minister | v BRR R RRR R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R AR R B RR RS letters ad- ! offices estab- | in Baden to be imperial the govern- into Ger- ompanied and to make the; asking for these | permits liable to fine and imprisonment. HALF SOLES, 10,000 MARKS | Germany About Half Monthly Wage of Servant. 19 —It costs 10,000 soles nailed on 1 thocs in Germany now because of the | i extremely high price of leather. This Better Protection. is about half the monthly ealary of | [rom the Boston Tramscript. the average domestic gervant. Con-| “Woman burglars are becoming sequently it i8 frequently part of the quitc common, the paper says.” agree t with servants that shoe| “That so? Perhaps we'd better keep soles are to be supplied by the. ployers. tead of a watchdog.” Materials from the finest looms of Great Britain. $35, $40, $45. Meyer’s Sho 1331 F Street —BY WEBSTER. |CONCESSION TO KRUPPS [DE VALERA AND MULCAHY BY RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT | REPORTED FRIENDS AGAIN BERLIN, March 19.—The represe: , Mar 5 n- tatives of the Krupps and the Russian government have signed an agree- ment regarding agricultural sions in Berlin dispatches in January sfated that advices had been ‘received from Moscow to the effect that the soviet Bovernment had ratified an _agree- ment granting large agricultural con- cesslons Krupps. to comprise which was to vated formed capital. SHIP BOARD DROPS 50. Fifty employes of the Emergency Fleet Corporation were given notice would dropped cases, officials The reductio emploves wer than any day for several week: board being work becomes less, and the reductions the working force will keep on until the fleet corporation goes out of | fired on Gen. Thomas Ennis, who was e nce. Now in out New Store, 709 13th, one door above G '8 Homes Are No Longer Modern Special price 3 You receive 2 thorough examination of your eyes Lo St FREE. The ONLY $ and $6 CHARGE is the uusuaily low price of $ or the SHSIEeame glasses. The examination Glasses ... doesn’t cost you a penny. U New Cars for Old ENDERS scratched and dull? Body dingy? They can be made all bright and new-looking again with just a few hours work—du Pont Auto Finish and a brush. And the finish Jaste. It only means laying up the car for a day or 0. Come in and let us tell you just how simple it is. Remember, too, that du Pont Top Renewer and Seat Dressing will subtract years from the looks of your top and seat upholstery. Clean-up Week, April 2—7- Make your plans now, and let us supply necessary ints and other beautifiers. PRICES S;ECIALLY LOW. Hugh Reilly Co. Paints, Oils, Varnish, 'Glass 1334 New York Ave. Phone Main 1703 By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, March 19.—Eamonn Valera, rebel chiéf, and Richard cahy, minister of defense and head of the Irish Free State army, bitter ene- mies, embraced affectionately recent- ly in a Dublin retreat and joined their voices in a prayer to St. P: rick, Archbishop George W. Munc lein declared at a St. Patrick's day banguet given by the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Archbishop Mundelein sald the # 45 cident had been related to him by by 8 special company to beloniy'person who witnessed the With “the aid “of " British | 5" atween the two men. The : leaders, he said, greeted warm and asked the pravers of all who have died for Ireland He said he was convinc>d that the opposing factions, and pdrticula the leaders, are honest in their in- tentions and are striving for inde- 4 pendence, and added that some strong conces- ussia granted the Krupps. in - Southern . Russla to The concessions were said 247,000 acres of land, be intensively culti- 1wo each other and then got on their kuees those Saturday that their services be no longer required after days. The employes who were|man is needed who “would knocl were, in the mafority of |their heads tdgother” Then he = connected with the opérationsihe believed they would be siriving sales divisions, acoording to|for the same end of the Shipping Board. Elghteen Irregulars Captured. By the Adsolinted Press. DUBLIN, March 19.—Bighteen regulary, indluding some men of portanceswere arrested today at I lyconnell. and Tipperary. It is sa they had arms and documents ia their possession. 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