Evening Star Newspaper, September 24, 1922, Page 37

‘Part 2—14 Pages NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL ARTICLEY o N WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 24 1922, 'ALL. AMERICANS URGED- TO STUDY CONSTITUTION Nahon-Wlde Movement Under Way to Law of - BY WILL P. KENNEDY. AKE the Constitution the back- bene of national life today and not merely an historic docu- mwent. Make it a vital force, & czeed and gulde of action, with every clause of which every person in this country will be familiar through fre- quent reading. Make it revered and held safe from insidious schemed to ‘weaken it. ‘That is the high purpose to which many leaders of public thought and legislation are now pledging them- selves. They see in a general fa- millarization with the simple but fun- damental mandates of the Constitution Familiarize People Wlth Orgamc tle Yegisiatlon any - na all’ allens mm verbally ; ot otherwise assaulting our govérnhfent ‘on any occasion. Some. members of Congress are now consider- ing eertously the necessity of requiring all disciissions T’ forum or,press Where assanits: upan the. Constitufén ard on fundamental institutions are made un- der.the guise of governmental ques- ! tions to"be carried. on: in_the English I-nsu age. and it 'may be found wise to | limit itdir the Deesence of a government -official. The gravest question is.the Amer- fcanization of the -American who as- saults our . fundamental institutions, Repiesentative Fess argues. - There are the best solution of many serious fils such within gur, bgfders who are not that affect the body politic. In Schoel and Home. Tt is proposed to put a cony of the Constitution into every schoolhouse and every home in the country: to have a day set aside on which at great public ratherings all over the country the Con- stitution shall be read, so that on that day, as far as possible, every man, woman and child in this country shall have heard or himself read this great goepel of the fathers: and to have the test public speakers deliver addresses on the Constitution throughout the land. The nost noted men of the country, from PresiGent Harding down, are pledged to this renewal of faith in the wisdom of the forefathers—such men as Nicholas Murray Butler, Frank O. Low- den, Martin W. Littleton and senators and representatives and state governors too numerous to mention. The drive comes as a spontaneous, impulsive surge of patriotism, setting up the banner for real Americanism. World Recogmition Won. The whole world recognizes the in- trinsic merit of the Constitution. The late Viscount Bryce, one time British ambassador in Washington and author of the “American Commonwealth,” de- clared that the Censtitution of the TUnited States was the most notable sin- gle coptribution to the sclence of gov- ernment. This is ‘n accord with the notable statement of William E. Glad- stone, the greatest man in modern Eng- lish history, when he declared “the American Constituticn is the most won- derful instrument ever stricken off by the brain or purpose of man at any one time” This was the matured ‘judg- ment of a master mind In ths qulet of his study. The progress of the -Amefican repub- lic is distinctly tne one .outstanding | ovent in all modern history, As an ex- periment In vernmen;. it 18 the most stupendoys. whistory. ~ In these troubled days 'gl::nerlmn doctrines propagated, somefimes blatahtly and more often surreptitiously, it is be- lieved by these leaders in thought and legislaticn who are making the drive for universal reading of the Constitu- tion that here is an “ark of the cove- nant” guiding to more peaceful times. Our Bemeficlent Institutions. One conspicucus authority on the Constitution must suffice to sketch the 1ine of thought and action: Representa- tive Simeon D. Fess of Ohio, a life- long student of political science ond ore of the greatsst experts on constitutional law. Three years ago he delivered a tcrse but comprehensive speech on the | Constitution. A couple of weeks later Representative Hutchinson of New Jer- sey came to him and sald that he had on the previous Sunday gone to church in Trenton, N. J., where the Presbyte- rian preacher read a speech from the Congressioral Record, saying it was a five-minute speech that had been thirty vears in preparation. It was Dr. Fcss' Bpeech on the Constitution. 1t cannot be successfully controverted, Representative Fess emphasizes, that here tn America under our institutions of government, which offer equal oppor- tunity to all citizens to make the most of their talents, there is greater enjoy- ment of participation in government, a more equal distribution of the products of labor and less strat!fication of society than anywhere else or at any time in the history of civilzation. But we have recently seen, as never before, the need for protection against un-American doc- trines, born beyond our borders and imporZed under a too generous immigra- tion policy. Numerous mob movements. j% many clies, frequent outbreaks the law and open murders are I!Qvlu.ble iptoms, he says, of a dis- mind where theories take form in anarchist, comniunist and L W. W. organizations. Against Alien Propaganda. ‘TM country must give more atten- tion to an Americanization program. We may be compelled to forbid by dras- ¢ The United States faces & nearing babflity that 1t will lose an im- tant industry—the uction of news print paper, and in these days of universal newspaper reading, when the dally newspaper has be- come an indispensable necessity ‘to practically every Individual,. ‘this should directly interest every one. This is another serious phase of the transportation problem, because in.the exeessive cost of transporta- én from western forests ‘and mills ! Yo esstern. consumérs ‘that {s driving ‘the eastern mills to Canada for their $wood_pulp, and the newspapers to “Ahe Canadian mtlls for direct impor- Mations of the finished product. Formerly '-::,‘Um States led the world tn € of.inews print , and ‘it was not until 100 that this mmn pegan’ ilflnrun‘ pulp ‘wood. 155y In nmflln: «mm the Cu-dl-n mills are growing rapidly. There was & marked increase in Canadian production’ last year, according to - Rmiistion Newspapers of Umt’ecI- St - Driven to Canada for | subjeet o expoription. At times like these, when coming gut of a war period where - all'~fondamental principles of ecoromics were for the time suspended and where much, suffering is inevitable, awaiting readjustment, these ‘agitators tefse upon the occasion to,further their dangerous doctrines by holding the gov- ernment respcnsible for the ills of the times. Calls for Teamwork. This situation calls for a united ef- fort on the part of our entire people. | This work cannot be done by legisla- ition. It must be done by education. Neither is it the work of the school- room alone. While the function of education is with the child primarily and will show results later on, the work of Americanization must deal with the, adult also.® It must be done by co-bperation of all agen- cles in the making of public opinlon, operating under general direction, by which effective teamwork can be se- cured—the church, the press, business organizations, civic sociegies. Read- ing the Constitution as a political bi- ble will build up the requisite morale, these leaders feel certain. What is this Constitution? his lifetime study of it Dr. his colleagdes: “A group of men, a decade after the announceément 'of the fundamental principle upon which self-government | was later builded, framed an instru- ment of séven ';hort articles,, twenty- | tour short sections, eighty-four brief | paragraphs, couched jn about’ 4.400 words. That is ‘the (‘onsulullon of, the United States, written at a_time. when men had mever seen a steam- boat or a steam car on- an electric: appliande of any sojt; wiitten at a time when we were bit thirteent| states, 3,000,000 of people, no compli-; cated soclety, but quite simple; writ-' ten at a time when, while it is true; that there was one nationality in; New York, another down in the ex-, treme . southland of Florida — al- though that was not a member of the From Fess told colonies stlil afourth nationality- this instrument, written for these na- tionalities, constituting 3,000,000 of people, -has lasted up to today, when we have over 100,000,000 people and the thirteen states skirting the sea- board have now encompassed the con- tinent, covering a territory so wide in' extent and so .diversified in char- lacter of resources as to present a problem from that standpoint alone of national importance. Only Six Modifications. “These empire states, each enjoying self-government, in. interest seem to be totally antagonistic.. Yet this in- strument—the Constitution—has been the organic law. under .which . this ‘marvelous growth,:the wonder of the world, hgs téken . place within the hundred years of our existence.as a nation. Yet in all that time we have mbodified it in only six fundamental 1t “Up to 1889 there had been proposed 1736 amendments, but only fifteen! ratified, ®hich represented but a halt dozen real changes. “Respéct is .due to the fathers and the instrument that they gave to the world, which up to date has been the sheet anchor of our liberties, and. which must operate against all the ‘wiid mouthfngs of the un-American elements in_our midst.” Backed by these feaders-in thought and legislation 4nd the state execu- tives,. 3 natign-wide organizatior growing by leaps and bounds, which In a few weeks has spread into at least two-thirds of ‘the states, the first purpose of which is to maintain the fundamental, principles of the States ' ,qf%fiu of \Cautigérse. cnnumcmf- e 1921 \m produced 37988 ‘tous, as againgt 615,448 proddcsd in the United. States. In the corre- sponding period for 1922 Canada pro- duced 616,506 tons, as agalnst 630,142 tons:in the United States. This {s an inereasé: of” 38 per cent in Canadian production and 12 per cent in Ameri-’ can preduction. Canadian shipments for the first half of 1922 increased 43 per cent over the corresponding period. in 1931, whereas shipments from American mills increased only 13 per cént. _'These figures leave mo doubt about the tremendous jumps that Canada is making to come ixnto competition, and eventually to have this country dependent on cross-the-border sup- plies. In the United Sthtes very little has been done in the way of-ad- ditlonal equipment tor the manu- facture of news prlnt John Matthews, jr., chief of the papef Wivision of the Department of Commerce, Wwarns. Canada, on the contrary, he points --nllr.unv u.numuu-u the pro-’ ummc-wn.um, thirteen -states—another nationality 1l in DelawaPe. and then throughout the |4 ¢ EDITORIAL SECTION %unfierg $ People to Pass Judgment in Six Weeks ‘On What Republican Congress Has Do ne £ h fimx s, Maine! in general. This brief period of time would be re- ching a calm and just decision except for 'the fact that public opinion has been forming in .recent weeks, judging from expressions by and It will be crystallized by the cam- paigners, democratic and republican, in the intervening days, in their arguments, pro- garded as all too short for r ef large. testations and appeals. * Xk 0k with the campaigners. ready set.” the constructive ability, slbllmes. 32 puts forward this claim: * ¥ % and rebu!flzl? crat will¥p: yrobab! ducn\c—ca’ficlly of a number of the ;\fe; mills. . Additional significance alirm is found in the fact that one’ o the 'largest American pro- ducers is opening a mill in Canada. All ‘this - seems. to "indicate pretty strongly - that eventually this large and indispensable industry Wwill be ‘moved into Canada. The chief trouble is that the Amefi- can supply of pulp wood is inadequate in the region where it must be manu- factured to meet Canadian competi- tion—in the eastern and lake states. To meet this condition a.survey of American resources in wood pulp and a definite program for reforestration in the eastern and lake states is being pushed., Reforestration, however, can- not overeome the immediate difficul- ties, as it would take many years to put the United States on a self-supply- ing basis. It would, perhaps, be impossible for any one to make a definite’ statement as to the total American resources of wood pulp. About 30 per cent of the new spring manufacturing industry is in New England, 50 per ceat in New York:.and 16 per cent in the lake regions. In this district, as. a who]e. the annual cut of pulp wood greatly exceeds the forest growth. In other words, in this district there are mills without forests, whereas in the western states and Alaska there are forests, with a practically un- limited supply, without adequate pro- duction facilities. Cost of transporta- tion/prohibits bringing western puip wood to eastern mills. Naturaily,, the news" print industry will be expanded in the western ter- ritory, but the principal consumers are in th® east and middle west and look for their supplies to eastern mills, Western-mills cannot compete supply" of pulp wood as &ws ' print paper. . In 1920 the 1naif r‘zmon of-;pulp -wood and pulp nto ihe United States. fiad climbed to ‘per cent of the total American con- utaption, During the same year 730,- Troops on Way Home From the Plulxppmes Orders have heen issued by the War Department for ‘the distribution of the 9th Cavalry, one of the four col- ored regiments in the Army, now en route to the United States from a tour of service In the Philippines. ‘Regimental headquarters, Headquar- ters Troop, Service Troop, two squad- ron headquarters, and a. nucleus of emlisted- persbnnel from each troop, numbering 264 in all, will take sta- tion at Fort Riley, Kan. and absorb the schodl detachment {colored) now at’that post. Thelremaining person- nel of the Sth Cavalry, including Ma- chine Gun Troop No. 2, and aggregat- [ ing about 400 men, will be sent to Fert Huachuca, Arisong, and attached BY-N. 0. MESSENGER. JIN the space of six weeks from it Tuesday, which is to say No- miber 7, the man and woman of forty-seven ing ‘already voted—will have op- to render their verdict of approval roval of the acts and omissions of cial and regular sessions of the seventh Congress, the national legis- £ wlve assembly swept into power by the &greal republican landslide in the elections “"of 1920. The judgment thus declared will be regarded as a side light on the present state of mind of the people toward the whole national administration and its course The voters are assured of a lively session Their heads will probably be in a whirl if they listen to the exhortations of the propagandists of both parties, unless the tountry’s “eyes are al- Take the claims and assevera- tions of the opbosing chiefs of the republi- can and democratic national organizations. Thus asserts Chairman Cordell Hull of democratic national - committee: »px ious Congress has been so generally ondemned by leading citizens, irrespective of .party, on account of its utter lack of statesmanship fidelity to the American people. Congress so signally failed to grasp great opportunities or:to meet important respon- Hundreds of patriotic republican newspapers and thousands of leading, broad- minded repubhca.n individuals are voluntary witnesses to the truth of these stajements.” Chairthan John T. Adams of the republi- can naqanzl committee, after reciting the achxe\crgents in legislation of ‘the sessions, “No Congress in time of #peace ever made such a splendid record of constructive legislation. And there you are; what is the bewildered voter gaging to qp in the:face of this charge e dyed-in-the-wool demo- believe Judge Hull, and the old-: fils{noncd repubhcan from up at the hea_d of,tlpe cresk will pin his faith on Col. | = | states— i1 ticket won, and already made up. on the defensive. for instance. straits. tural interests.” farmers’ proportion, while the “No remains.” and No other tariff laws. Adams, but what about the huirdreds of ;° thousands of democrats and near indepen- dents who broke party lines in 1920, thereby ' establishing the phenomenal seven-million plurality by which the republican presiden: of downright independents who joined:in ‘acclaim of the successful party? For these man and woman voters will decide the elec- tions of November 7, making up tt}eir minds between now and then—if they au not * ¥ X The republican national management 1s already served with fair notice by the demo- cratic campaigners that an aggressive cam- paign is to be waged and that every ef- fort will be made to put the dominant party Take the farmer vote, gress found agriculture facing ruin and as- sisted it on its feet by the relief enactment of a series of laws which afforded both tem- porary and pcrman:nt relief to the agricul- The democratic national chairman meety that claim with the charge that theso-callea emergency fariff bill enacted in May, 1921, resulted “in wheat going from $147 to below $1.00 per bushel and corn in farm products went to a lower level than it has been within fifteen years, where it still Both party managements are aware that conditions in the grain belt are bad at this time and include such corn-growing states as Ohio, Indiana and Illinois as well as the wheat states of the west. allege that the new tariff law will further increase the cost of things that the farmer has to buy and that he will become more and more aware of the gap between the dollar he receives for his products and the dollar he must spend for his necessities. The farmer vote has been the backbone of the republican party for many years, as labor has so often trailed off with the demo- crats, except in times of acute industrial depression laid to tae account of democratic Independznt states of the middle west have substantiated the assertions that the farmer vote is be- coming more independent and is not so closely bourd to parly t'es as in the past. The farmer, if he is fair minded, must give the present administraticn credit for efforts attempted in his behalf. front him coming? the other thousands : and House strikes vote. It is mate close! supposition thought to’ dead loss straight pas The first thing the repmbli- the result. cans did when they came into power was socialist m to enact special legislation for the farmers. closely by who at the time were undoubtedly in bad states. On Chairman Adams claims that “Con-_ have thus except to anyhow._ citizenship, purchasing power of candidates ride the veto? candidates bill? The being that into law, a water that The democrats bonus and but that is they will n tives, and, Senate. observations in cans may I think it mi But, the question “AS I SEE IT.” By William Allen White. Note.—In publishing this arti- cle by the brilliant editor of the Emporia Gageste The Star does not mecessarily indorse \ the views he expresses. But Mr. ‘White brings to the discussion of current events a fertile mind and an entertaining style, and a discriminating public will place its own valuation upon the opin- ions he advances. I is questioning itself. Every- thing that was is unsettled— politics, business, religion. Everything that is seems to be in the air. Weare nearly four years from the war and still are drifting. In America no leader has aj . No cause with a capi- |tal “C” is keeping people awake nights. i Newspapers of all classes, politics and'| cults are as nearly alike as peas in a pod and they are all greatly excited about things in particular. Books by the hundreds are rolling off our presses and sell by the ton; but they, too, take us nowhere. The books, if they are wise books, only ask questions. One of the wi of these books is called “The Social Trend.” It is written by Prof. Edward A. Ross of the University of Wisconsin. In this book he propounds a dozen questions whigh only time and the grop- ing heart of the people can answer. What about immigrataion in an age when whole racgs may be moved from one end of the globe to the other by cheap transportation? What about birth control, when free land is no longer avalilable and opportunity to rise is limited? Why are the farms not furnishing the land with brains, as they were a’ generation ago? What are we going to do without a frontier? And ‘woman—is she to prosper or decline in the new world? Is private philanthropy the mistress of privilege? Is prohibi- tion a -moral or an economic issue? These and many other questions are raised iA Prof. Ross’ new book—boldly raised, bravely stated, and sometimes left for life to answer. But the book, which is & sign of the times, would be read by all of us. For HE most typical sign of today is the question mark. The world {not til our generation meets these questions, not till it formulates some answer for them, shall we know our way in the world. Not until we have answered the old, old question of Pon- tius Pilate, “What is truth?’, as it rises in a score of problems, can our day and generation pretend that it has paid its way in the world.- With our great guns we have blown out of the future a %thousand doubts, questions, problems, issues that we are not wise enongh to settle. The mocking gods of life, from whom we stole the physical power to disturb the world before we had grown the spiritual grace to use our power—the high gods of life—must be laughing at the plight of mankind But only when some man like Ross of ‘Wiseonsin blabs out these questions fearlessly, only when we can see what as unholy mess we are in, is there much when these Interrogations have been made a thousand times to us, men will find an answer for them. ‘We have the world before us. It is a mighty Inflammable world. We are making the next world. WIIl it be the fireworks? ‘This is one of the questions that confronts our generatign and bids it go slow. For we are in Yeal danger that the succession we are propagating may be this world and the next—and then the fireworks. We must stop, look, listen and ask questions at every cross- road. - - Good-Bye “Obey.” \HE word “obey” will soon be out of the marriage service. It is an obsclete word. No wife obeys because the marriage service binds her. The kind of a woman who would obey “be: cause of the word in the marriage serv- ice would obey without it, and, by the blessed spiritual affinity that makes like attract like. the husband who would de- mand obedience gets another fool who would obey him, and the two would beget other fools to keep the fool-killer from losing his job. The marriage that {s an autocracy §s rapidly disappearing from the modern world. And the word “obey” dropped out of the marriage service indicates that the world is be- coming safer and safer for democracy. The Foolish Strike. A FOOLISH, ill-timed strike is draw- ing to & rather sad end. The de- feat of the shopmen is as unmistakable as the victory of the miners was. Yet the cause of the shopmen was as just as that of the winning miners. The shopmen were badly led. They sallied out to defeat that was foredoomed First of all, the public was against the strikers: from the start. The strike leaders could not clarify the Issue. Next, the supply of labor available for the railroads made it possibly to keep the repairs upon the engines and cars ‘within a reasonable distance of a decant condition. In addition - to that the shopmen ' could not dramatize thelr strike as the trainmen could or the ‘miners did. Trains kept running. Freight and passengers réached their destination. . And finally . the = big brotherhoods, who might have helped the shopmen, could not do so without violating contracts, because the strike did not effectively cripple the roads. All” this might have been ml‘-ul- An outcry at the Injustice of the rail board’s ruling might have righted the wrong of the shop. Certainly it would have been better than the strike. For the public now is paying' the bills for the strike and it has no feeling about those injustices. Even the outrigeous injunction asked for by the Attorney General did not meet the indignation which would have greeted it if the shop- men had not been unloading the burden of the strike 5o obviously upon the irno- cent bystanders. % The strike must go. The “innocent bystander is tired of it. He will pre- mumm Seouer or later, . mmwmmmm and against the railway strikers on the labor the républicans on this' count. The disposi= tion of many republican - candidates tains the President’s veto. may be asked, will that belief react upon the House. fortable wd¥king majority, and many people is will the farmer ippreciite the ‘aftempt 3¢ he visualizes actual.conditiofis that con- in market . prices, going and * % * There is said to be considerable anxiety among republican candidates for Senate over the probable effect of the the government irjunction thought to be too early to’esti- ly, although at first blush. the is that labor is leaning againsi is be to mark off as a prospective a proportion of radical labor thought and to appeal to what is, left on rty lines, taking their chances on The . ‘so-called , farmer-labor- ovement is being watched very republican candidates in some the whele, no important results far been traced to this effort, swell the vote in the primaries for cavndidates supported by the movement, but who, it is estimated, would have won £ ® x % WWhat effect will the bonus veto have on congressional candidates? prevailing belief, it can be stated with.confi- dence, that the majority sentiment of the' There is the outside of the service men, sus- How, then, it for Congress who voted to over- Will the people rebuke their for having voted for the bonus answer formulated by most is that they will not do so, the psychology of it the legislation was not enacted nd that the whole proposition is has gone over the wheel. It is expected that the servcce men and their sympathizers will vent’ their wrath upon candidates who voted against the who voted to sustain the veto, a chance those statesmen took. There are not enough of them in that class to swing the majority in the House. * % X Republican managers are confident that ot lose the House of Representa- of course, ot lose control of the Independent political opinion of weight is said to estimate that the republi- ose fifty to fifty-five members of That would still leave a com- ight not be a bad thing for the party. in Congress and for the country. and terrors of the strike. And without public sympathy the strike will avail labor little. The weapon is dull. Capi- tal no longer fears it. ~Labor leaders ‘must join the public in finding some other way than the strike to secure jus- tice The National Labor Board is far from perfection. It has dcne some bad things in tHis strike and has been caught at them, but reliance upon even the board .as it now is constituted is safer than 4o rely upon the sfrike. From now on when the railroads defy the board they will bring down obloquy upon them- selves. And the stricter observance tabor makes to the board's orders here- after the more difficult will it be for capital to defy the board. That is not everything to be desired, but it is some- thing—a. lot more than the shopmen got out of their strike. Other Rights. HE Attorney General i exercised be- cause certain strikebreakers have their right to work prescribed.~ The right to work is a sacred right. I{ it takes the whole armed force of the na- to preserve that right it should be But'anbther element enters. 'No men has a right to wark in ignorance of what his fellow-men think of him working as a strikebreaker. The free communication of honest: opinions is as important as the-right to work. —— The Eternal Newberry. T an awful wallop the republl- cans of Michigan took upon the back of Truman Newbersy when they nomimated Senator Townsend, who de- fended -Newberry, and gave Townsend the man who was denouncing. New- berry! Yet the face-savers are pro- claiming Michigan as a Newberry vie- tory. It is a victory to those who don't know the truth about it. Not to know and not to care make it easy to, be a standpatter in this life, whether in poli- tics, business or religion. Those who do know and who do care have rather & hard time keeping their business, their politics or their religion strajght. To know about things and to care about things make it difficult for a man to get away with things— unless he can glggle out of ‘it-and let it go-at that. —_— 4 “The New Tarift. R the first time in American his- tory We Lave actual administra- tive responsibility in legislation en- acted into our laws. The new tariff bill gives the President the right to change tariff dchedules. Thus what is clearly & legislative function of government. hag become a part of the executive duty. I the people do not lKe thelr tariff rates they must g0, not to their ¢ongressmen to get. anything done; tlie people- must go with their clamor against tarift Iniquities to the-front door of She ‘White House. . Here is one law ‘the Preaident can pass by a scratgh of his pen. This -by-custom have we amended our Constitutiom overnight. This ‘elastic tariit feature -of the new bill is worth all obvious inju: tices of the bill. T¥e’federal govern- ment is cestralized fust that much more in the Presldent, Bven though o one-third their votes and two-thirds to | ELECTIONS IN NOVEMBER BEAR ON WHITE HOUSE Candidates May Be Made or Unmade in Votmg for Senators and Members of the House. BY & GOULD LINCOLN. HE elections In November may determine more than the po- 1itical complexion of the next Congress. and whether this man or that Is to be governor of 2, state. They may determlne the eligi- bility of mren now talked of for:the presidential nominations in 1924. ¥or ! example, mon‘ the prominent demo- crats who may well be listed in a “who's Who for President” are Sen- ators Pomerene of Ohlo and Hitch- ocock of Nebraska, both of whom are up for re-election this fall. Willlam Randolph Hearst is seeking the gov- ernorship of New York. Senator Reed of Missourl, who recenily won & great personal victory in his own state, will make the race for senator again, and stranger things have hap- pened than his possible candidacy for the democratic nomination. The preconvention campaigns for presidential nominations will b well under way In the early spring of 1924, less than a year and a half off riow. On the republican side of the fence, 1t appears almost a foregone conclu- sion that President Harding may have the nomination to succeed him- self if he desires it. Recent letters sent out by the republican congres- sional campaign committee, asking for funds, state clearly that the lead- ers of the party have in mind the renomination of President Harding. However, here again the coming con- gressional elections may have their bearing. For, should the democrats win control of the House, and make ‘gains In the Senate, the result would be taken as a repudiation of the Harding administration. And such a repudiation, might have its effect upon the selection of a standard bearer at the next republican na- tional convention. Some May “Come Back.” The national conventions of 1920 of both parties were of particular in- terest because of the large number of prominent candidates and the un- certainty as to whom the delegates would select. President Wilson was an il man and out of the running, even had not the fact he had already served two terms been a barrier to prevent his renomination. In the re- publican convention the principal con- tenders, outside of President Harding, were former Gov. Lowden of Illinois, Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, Senator Hiram Johnson of California, Secre- tary Hoover and_the late Senator Knox of Peansylvania. It is doubtful whether Mr. Lowden will again be put forward prominently as a can- didate for the nomination. Gen. Wood, in all probability, will have been the head of the University of Pennsyl- vania for some time when the pre- convention campaigns are on. It is interesting to remember in this con- nection that not long ago the former head of a great university became President. Senator Johnson, it tion of 1920 former Gov. Cox of Ohio; who won the nomination; A. Mitchell Palmer and former Secretary of thé Treasury McAdoo were the most serlously - considered, until Mr. Mo~ Adoo withdrew himself from the race. Gov. Cox adopted the league of na- tions'and the entrance of the United States into that association of nations as the principal issue of his cam- paign. Will he attempt to revive that issue and be again a candidate for the democratic nomination? The in- dications are that he will. That Mr. McAdoo will be a strong contender in 1924 seems likely, too, at the present writing. So much for the candidates for honors two years ago. Among the democrats who did not figure In the race conspicuously in 1920 is Senator Pomerene of Ohio. If he wins the re-election to the Senate this fall—a third elegtion to the upper house—he may be a serfous factor in the next democratic convention. Ohio; because of its geographical location and its large population, is a favorite state from which to select presidens tial nominee: Ohio may have another candidat for the nomination, however, in for- mer Justice Clarke of the United States Supreme Court, although he has publicly declared he does not want and will not seek the nomina- tion. Geographical Considerations. For many, many vears the candlc dates, for President and, of course, the Presidents themselves, have been selected frain a comparatively small area of the entire country. They have come from the mlddle Atlantic states and Illinois and Ohio. New England has not figured, nor has the southy nor the great west beyond the Missis- sippi. It is concelvable that the de- mands of these sections may become 80 serious at the next conventions there may be a change in the loca= tion of the nominees. Two New Eng+ landers who stand forth prominently in their partv ranks today are Calvifi Coolidge, Vice President, and Senator David L Walsh, both of Massachusetts and both former governors of that commonwealth. The enthusiasm with which the last republican convention nominated Mr. Coolidge for second place on the ticket was an outstands ing feature of the convention. Sena~ tor Walsh has become more and more a power on the democratic side ol the Senate. If the south 1s to ha called upon to nominate a candidate for President, it will be, of course, a democrat. And no other southern demccrat today has the commanding national position held by Senator Oscar Underwood of Alabama. Senator Underwood is the democratic leader of the Senate. Im former years he was the democratie leader of the House of Representa- tives. A unique record of party lead- ership in itself. He was a contender for the democratic nomination in 1912 expected, will be again a contender !|and received more votes for the nom- for the nomination as the favorite son | ination that any of California. But his enemies say that the big inroads which they made during the recent primaries for the nomination for United States senator in California have gone far to eliminate him as a possible presiden- tial nominee. However, this remains to be verified. The Pacific coast, in all the years of the republic, has never had a President or a nominee of one of the major parties for that office.. Hughes and Hoover. It must be remembered, however, that the present Secretary of Com- merce, Mr. Hoover, hails from Califorpis,. too, and that he has & great -personal popularity in the country. At the next republican convention, it Mr. candidate, it may not be possible to say that Mr. Hoover has thousands of friends in the galleries, delegates on the floor. 1f President Hardipg is again a candidate for the nomination, it would appear impos- sible that a member of his official family, like Mr. Hoover or Secretary Hughes, would permit himself to be balloted for. Incidentally, the Sec- retary of State has made a remark- ble record for himself in the han- dling of the foreign relations of this country so far, and that, coming from the pivotal state of New York as he does, it would not be surprising to see him win the republican nomina- tion for President in the future, if he desires it. Cox and the League. In the democratic national conven- Harding should not be a, but mno | other candidate, barring President Wilson and the late Champ Clark. South Mny Come Into Own. It is a common saying today that there is no longer a “north™” and a “south™ in this country. that the sec- tions have been knit together again by- two wars, just as they were di~ vided by one. If that be the case, it does not appear reasonsble that the democrats of the south, where the party has been consistently in power for years, should longer be denied an opportunity to nominate a presiden- tial candidate. Senator Underwood at the convention in 1912 recelved the votes of delegates from a number of the northern states, including some from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Ver~ mont and Maine, on various ballots. There crops up from time to time talk of a new party—the old parties are outworn, it is said. But eo far there has been no serious move. Should there be, however, it would not be surprising if Senator Borah of Idaho were put forward as a stand- ard-bearer. He is a national figure today, though he comes from one of the sparsely populated states of the far west. He has personality, lll’en‘lh and magnetism, and would make an intomplrlble campaigner. Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, who has just been renmominated for the Semate by an overwhelming ma- jority, also might be considered for the head of a third party. He made .a,bid for the progressive leadership in 1912, but was forced to yield to Theadore Roosevelt. President Hprding was of that wing ot the republican: party . which was crying -vociferously against Rooge- yelt’, and Wilgon ; for, exalting the mwm. he “has .forced the Jega! erilargement. of: presidential powers beyond anything that Roosevelt or ‘Wilson enjoyed by common consent. President Harding has not been noisy in his demand for this extended power. He asked for the power to fix tariff rates in his message last December. The old guard faction ot his party with entire consistency cried out against the extension. The President did not quarrel. Quietly he put pressure where it would count. In the House of Representatives the President found mossback opposition. He ignored it and went to the sena- tors.” In conference he won. Itwas & typical Harding victory—a subter- ranean compromise, made no one knows just how or when, but made from the White House, by the White House and more or less for the White House. The selfish interest of the ldl'nlnll- tration in the elastic clause of the sew tariff bill is that it affords quick e e e e S and ‘effectt relief to the President and to thfg party when the country begins to protest against unjust tariff duties. The Fordney-McCumber bill is full of injustice. The rates are un- necessarily high—perhaps . outrages ously high on wool, sugar, cutlery and chinaware. These high rates were secured by trading. The con- gressmen from wool-growing states Supported the congressmen from thé sugar-making states and the cutlery manufacturing states and the pottery states, and they gave a lot of special privilege to the agricultural bloc, and the bloc gathered up the citrus-grow- ing congressmen, and they all stood together and made the majority that passed the tariff bill. But because each robber knew that his fellow= congressmen were robbers each robe ber was easily convinced that the President should have the power to take the loot off the other feliow: Hence the majority for the elastis tariff provision of the bill. Every thief has a conscience about the other| man's depredations. Upon that prim« ciple President Harding won his figh}’' (Continued on Third Page.)