Evening Star Newspaper, June 5, 1922, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON °"D. C, MONDAY, JUNE 5, 1922, EXPERT ADVICE ON RADIO N 19.—Dot-and-Dash Codes and How to Learn Them. BY A. HYATT VERRILL, Expert on Radlo Technology. Most people are quite naturally in- terested in radio sets for hearing the music and entertalnments from broadcasting stations. But it adds a great deal (o one's pleasure and is very interesting to hear and uncer- stand the dot-and-dash signals con- stantly flying here, there and every whera in the ether. These are the important things In radio, the real m ges that mean something, the conversations, warnings, ad- vices and the news of the air. The entertainment programs are pleasant and enjoyable, but these take place only at stated times, and are of short duration. On the other hand, the dot-and-dash signals are going on day and night, and if one can read them a vast amount of in- formation and interesting facts may | be obtained. Of course, many are| sent in codes, sometimes in the standard commerclal telegraph codes, | other times in private code or | but there is 2 lot of fun tak- wn messages and trying to de- code them. A knowl of the dol and-dash_alphabets is a valuable ac A emm Bemete € amowme D wmes £ o Foecame | G ememe # ecee 7 <o > || V ememms A @momm L cemee M esem Neme O emenes |/ e | foseom Soecece .7 ememccs Cmmemss Imemen e /0 e o e PERIDes oo 00 Pesmmemee ! mmcomm Gllmeememm UNDERSTAND see wm e FINISH eom o wm o DON'T UNDERSTAND wm DISTRESS SIGNAL o ever knows when quisition, for one come in handy, such knowledge m or may cven save Code Man people would like the dot-and-dash cod it is con | imagine it is diff | great deal of time ! a great mistake. 3 learn to use it qui proves that it | not _difficult_ to ite. To be| sure, it takes actice to proficien mes with the alphabet is learned. If you wish to hav use a sending | set, vou must know Morse, for in | order to obtai lic to send mes- | sages xam ion must be passed | which @ knowledge of the dot-and- | daeh code ts included There are seve “Morse | codes in use, th or real “Morse” being use by land telegra 4 wise v “International than real Morse. Owing to that _there are no spaced dots, as in i | the Morsa code, it i1s the o« most wideiy used in radio, and is there- | fore best to learn. In addition to thesa codes, there is the Navy code, but this is used only by tha N ivy and the average person need not bother | with it. In studying the code it Is easier if you learn to think of the dots and dashes as sofinds, rather than as d and dashes. The dot is a sharp ‘‘de. while the dash sounds like “dal Thus it is much easier to remember the International signal for F if you think of it as “‘dee dee dah dee” than if you think of it as . . and so0 on with all the other letters. Impertant Letters First. The best and easiest way to absorb this code is to learn a few of the more important letters first—letters which are most often used, and which, by themselves, can be formed into wor\ It is just as easy to do so, and gives greater speed in learn- ing to recognize syllables as indepen- dent lettes The code is like short- hand in this respect, and a good op- erator never thinks of the separate dots and dashes or letters, but recog- nizes well known combinations. Thus, if you learn A, B, ¢, D, B, you can form all sorts of words, such as Abe, Ace, Bad, Bade, Cab, Cad, Dace, Dad, Dead, etc As soon as you recognize these as words rather than as separdte let- ters you can take another group, as| ¥, G, M, 1, and with these form still | moré combinations, such as Ache, Head, Ice, Idea, ¢ ete, Another matter to bear in mind is the fact that no letter in the Inter- nal code contains more than four \d dashes, and, therefore, if ar five or more you will _know numeral or some code signal an interrogation, ex- wait,” etc. The numerals st things to learn. From 1 to 5 they are made up of dots fol- lowed by dashes—one dot for each unit—while from 6 to 10 they are composed of dashes followed by dots, with a dash for each unit. If you these rules and practice with a friend by nieans of a buzzer, you will be surprised to find how easily and rapidly you can learn the International code. By a buzzer I mean one of the little buzzers used in offices for summoning a boy or a tenvgrapher, or one of the buzzers d in electrical shops. An ordinary ctric door bell, with the bell removed, will answer the purpose ju: well, If a buzzer is set up near a re- ceiving set, it will start waves each time it buzzes, which will be audible remember r the set. Such a ZeT Qs e nt for testing for sensitivene in a crysta ¢ sounding sho; and lgng buz: ¥ means of a key, or even by keeping one wire free and touching it to a contact for a shorter or longer space, dot-and-dash mes- es mav be sent. With two per- doing this, it Is very easy to learn to se 1d to receive, for the person sending can use a m written in letters, and thus practice in rapidly tra letters to code, while th cures practice in taking dots and dashes and tra to letters. May Use Spark Set. With a small sending set, an old-fashioned spark set, the same results may be obtained: or, if you are not sufficiently proficient to cure a license to operate a sending you can rig one un to work with or_buzzer co! license. ) = . . ‘Tomorrow—""The Vacuum Tube—How It Works. MARCONI MAY ATTEND CHICAGO RADIO SHOW That the Chica « um in will sub- its subtitle (international and annual) is proved by the recent dispateh from Par Wilbur Wil- liams, who has been touring Europe in the interest of the exposition, re- such as his does not require (Copyright, 19 go radio show in October th stantiate cently secured a promise from Signor Marconi that he would include the Chicago dates in his calendar and would undoubtedly be present for an entire day during the exposition period. MMe. Eleanora Duse, the Italian will make a tour of the United States in_the fall, was also visited by Mr. Williams at her villa in Venice and he found her an ardent radio enthusiast. She has a sur tragedienne, who RADIO RALF— . | ing list of prospective exhibitors. By Ralph Brown, A NOVEL NEW FILAMENT RHEO-; STAT. When the “soft” vacuum tubes are used for radio detectors a very close regulation of fllament current is usu- ally required. Ordinary rheostats, unless equipped with vernier control, often do not give fine enough current control. This is because there is a decided change In resistance when the contactor moves from one turn of stance wire to the next. The changes of current are in jumps. The rheostat illustrated has the novel feature of giving the smoothest possible control with .the greatest ease. It s known as a compression type rheostat. A column of speclally treated graphite disks, assembled in a porcelain container, forms the resist- ance element. The resistance of the graphite disks varles with the pres- sure applied by an adjusting knob and pressure screw. The resistance de- pends only upon the pressure applied to the column of disks, and since the pressure can be regulated to any de- sired degree the fllament current can be adjusted to the smallest fraction without any disturbing noises in the head telephones. There is no sudden current change nor any point just a little too high or too low. The rheo- stat gives its own vernier adjustment. The graphite disks are assembled in two small columns in the porcelain, the pressure screw acting on the disks enjoy the operatic entertainment ren- dered by the La Scala Singers. Mr. Williams reports that the for- eign manufacturers are keenly inter- ested in the rapid developments in the American radio market and will return to America with an interest- SECRECY FOR MESSAGES | BY RADIO NOT PLEDGED| LONDON, June 5.—In a recent inter- view with representatives of the press in this city, C. S. Franklin of the coni company made some statements regarding short-wave directional radio messages which pointed to the possibility of transmitting point-to- point commercial service by short- wave apparatus over extremely wide ranges. The greatest advantage of this method &f transmission over the present non-directional type of trans- ion is_its comparative secrecy. William Marconi was asked to com- ment on the suggestions brought out in this interview, and responded by sounding a warning to scientists that they guard their utterances and their thoughts against an admission of the impossible. he “What we do not know today,” said, "we may know thmorrow. We parlor fitted with a powerful re- | cannot say that absolute secrecy can ceiving instrument, enabling her tolbe guaranteed in wireless communi- Your fingers see perfectly with L..B. Cards Just suppose for a minute that every card in your card file varied in size. Suppose the first card was 3 inches high; the second 27§ inches high; the third 3£ inches high; Imagine the time it would take, the trouble you would have to file or find a c{rda Yet here you have visualized what you really contend with, if you try to ‘economize by using inferior, improperly etc., etc. cut record cards. You may save on the first cost of the card but you lose costly time every day that the card is in service. / L. B. Cards. Uniform size is one of the things you buy when you buy By not so much as a hair does one L. B. Card vary from its fellows. This uniformity of size plus the L. B. edge enables your fingers to see perfectly when they explore records in a file containing L. B. Cards. In any Government De; ent ask the clerk who uses them, his or her opinion of the quality of L. B. Cards—their perfection of edge, their uniformity of size. L. B. Cards are Iiem 1460 on the General Supply Schedule. Phone, write or call for sample cards and a copy of “Card and. filing § supplies.” Library Bureau , systems R. O. SAUNDERS, Manager Founded 1876 * Telephone: Main 1188 F cabinets and steel ,743 Fifteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Salesrooms in 51 leading cities of the United States, Great Britain and an.ce BOYOboy! THE AIR 1S GURE FULL TODAY! TVE PICKEDUP STATIONS Niv" ="LiMe”"DRT — || New Apparatus and Devices it et s ) Radio Engineer: through a cross piece or equalizer. A small spring lifts this pressure equal- jzer from the disks when the pressure that the cirouit | | { | is relieved, so is opened and the filament lighting bat- tery (A battery) is disconnected when not in use. The same rheostat may be used with the ordinary detector and amplifier tubes, or it may be used with the five- watt power tubes without any alter: ation. The Idea is not entirely new, but this is the first time it has been used in connection with filament rhe- ostats. The construction is patented. As may be noted in the {llustration, the rheostat may be easily mounted back of a panel in a cabinet receiver or amplifier. It takes very little space for mounting. cation, nor can we say that it can- not be guaranteed. Twenty-five vears ago Marconl said, he had experimented In sending communication from point to point without that message being picked up elsewhere. t the possibility of broadcast- ing.” he continued, “developed along with these experiments, and this be- came so fascinating that it usurped the secret method, excepting as the latter was followed up by the Italian navy and the other diplomatic users of radio.” Recent announcements that Mar- oni is coming to the United States for the purpose of carrying out his long-hinted efforts to establisn com- munication with Mars have been "made througl the pres: =AND THERE'S 15 RINGING, RALE -WILL YOU SEE 1 WHO 1S THERE? BY RADIO TODAY Complete Programs of Radio Broadcasting Stations. NAA—Naval Radio Station, Radlo, V 10:30 a.m.—Meteorological report on 5,950 meters of arc transmitter. Noon and 10 p.m.—Time signal, fol- lowed by weather report and ship orders. 10:30 p.m.—Naval press news; wave length, 2,650 meters. WWX—Post Office Department. 10 a.m.— Weather report for the District of Columbia, Pennsylvanla, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia and West i Virginia. 10:30 a.m—Marketgram (fruit and vegetables) on 1,100 mete; 12:30, 2:15 and 3:30 pm.—C. W. marketgram telegrams on 1,980 me- ters. 5 p.m.—Wholesale daily report on 1,160 meters by radiophone. 7:30 and 8 p.m.—Market report on 1,160 meters by radiophone. 9:50 p.m.—Weather report. WMU — Doubleday & Hill Electrie Company (360 Meters). 4:30 to 5:30 p.m.—Base ball scores announced; “Rio Nights” (Thomp- son), “Schon Rosmarin” (Kreis “On the Campus” (Sousa), piano; “I' Just Wild About Harr. “Valetk (Mokrejs), “Canti Moderni” (Auici-di Donato), piano: “Stumbling” (Zoz Con- frey aymond Overture” (Thomas) aeludium” (Jarnefeldt), “Lalawana Lullaby” (Starke), “R! ie” (Von Dohnanyi), “Comrade (Sousa), pian A Te' ( Eves" (Schwartz- Atteridg). “Rosamunde” (Schubert), “Ballet Egyptian” (Lugini, piano; base ball scores announced. WPM—Thomas J. Wil Meters 12:30 p.m.—News items; reports on stolen automobiles. 5 p.m—Piano selectfon. by “Duo Art" reproducing piano: A. B. Grif- fith, “Man of Many Noises”; soprano solo, Lucy Dickson Marks, accom- panfed by Eva Webster Hopkins laughologist, Francis Painter, ac- companied by Ella_Schneider; so- prano solos, miling Through." “Cry of Rachel” (Salter). Eddie Misslitz; baritone solos, “Allah” (D. ms, Tne. (360 Delicious Refresh The Coca-Cola Company Atlanta. Ga. and ing HeY MoM!} A PACKAGE For You'! ‘W. Cadwick), “Sylvia” (Oley Speaks), “Tommy, Lad" (Margetson), “Oh, Lovely Night” (Landin Donald), Royal M. Tinker, accompanied by Schneider; = “Mirth and Melody Mitchel and Mitchel; cello solo, J. Zibly. 3YN—Natfonal Radio Institute (360 Meters). 30 to 7 p.m.—Radio spark code. WVI—United Statex Signal Corps, Fort Wood, N. (1,450 Meters). §:50 p.m.—Instruction in radio. 9 p.m.—Recital. WWZ—Wanamaker's, New York City - (360 Meters). 1:15 to 5 p.m.—DMusic and chil- dren’s stories. 2. WGI—Amrad, Medford Hillside, Masx. ght- ving Time—Deduct Oue Hour.) ews and music. ews and music. WWJ—Detrolt News (Eastern Stand- ard Time). 9:30 am.—Tonight's dinner and household hints (360 meters). 9:40 am.—>Music (360 meters). 10:15 am.—Weather report €455 servatory time signals relayed by telegraph’ (360 meters). 12:30 p.m.—-Music (360 meters). 30 p.m.—Weather report (485 meters). 3:40 p.m.—Market quotations (360 meters). [ world ne $:30 p.m.—Concert by Detroit News p.m.—Complete sport 50 meters). results; Orchestra; solo by Rozella Omara, so- prano, accompanied on piano by Charles McQuinn; concert by Reo Mo- tor Company Band and Glee Club. The Town Cricr. Lecture on music by Edith M. Ruenekam, and Ariel Walter, reader for Reo Motor Com- pany Quartet (360 meters). KDKA — Westinghouse, Plttxburgh (360 Meters, Eastern Standard Time). 9 to 9:15 am. 11.30 a.m. to_noon. 30 p.m.—Results by innings survey of business ational Industrial base ball scores; league conditions by the Conference Boar | theatrical features. { p.m.—Special address and popu- lar concert | 6:45 p.m—Special news: government {market report; summary of New York Stock Exchange; weather fore- cast. 0) 7 p.m.—Base ball scores; “Interior Decoration,” by Joseph Horne Com- pany of Pittsbrgh. 30 to 8 p.m—Bedtime and Uncle Wiggily stories for children 8109 pm—Piano selections by Churchill Van de_ Vetter; base bgjl scores. 9:55 to 10 p.m.—Arlington time sig- nals. KYW—Weatinghouse, Chicazo Meters—Central Daylight. Time—Same ax Eastern Time). 9:25 am-—Opening market tions, Chicago Board of Trade. 10 a.m.—Market quotations at one- half hour intervals until 1 p.m. 0 p.m.—Closing market quota- quota- News and market report. and National am line-ups; prog- s half hour there ress of games eve! after_until their close 4:15 p.m.—News, final market and financnal returns. 6:30 p.m.—News, financial returns. 7:15 p.m.—Children’s bedtime sto- ries; base ball weport. 8 to 9 p.m.—Concert by the Corydon Trio, and the Temple Chorus of Englewpod. 9 p.m.—News and ports 5:05 pm.—Special features as an- nounced by radio phone. final market and WJZ—Wentinghouse, Newark, N. J. (360 Meters—Enstern Davlight- Saving Time, Deduct One Hour). 9 am.—Agricultural repor nd prices as released by New York, New Jerse d federal bureaus; program of m 10 . m.—Program of music; Duo Art {recital. Noon—Agricultural reports; weath- program of music; Duo er forecast; Art recital 12:15 to 1 p.m.—Stan nals from Arlington. 1 p.m.—Program of music. 2 pm.—Shipping news by the Ma- rine Engineering and Shipping Age; program of music. 3 p.m.—Rrogram of mu; 4 p.m.—Base ball fashion news by the ard time sig- i “om! Daily, fashion newspaper; program of_music. 5 pm.—Base ball scores; program of music. 6 p.m.—Business and industrial con- ditions in the United States, by the national industrial conference boa-d; official weather forecast; agricuiturai jreports; shipping news; program of music. 7 p.m.—Stories from the St. Nicholas | magazine. by Paul B. Wil- Sold wherever crowds gather and at yo favorite store, at refreshment stands, hotels, restaurants,clubs, on dining cars. Copyright, 1922, by The MeClure Newspaper Syndients. BY JACK WILSON. ’ secretary of the nis Association. 8 p.m—Concert under the direction of Charles D. Isaacson. 9:30 p.m.—Recital by Florence Briggs, celli to 11 pm.—Arlington time sig- s. nals 11:01 p.m.—Weather forecast. WGR—Federal Telephone and Tele- xraph Company, Buftalo, N. Y. (Eastern Daylight-Saving Time— Deduct One Hour.) Noon—Weather and market repor (455 meters) 30 p.m—Weather and market re- ts (485 meters). p.m.—Base ball scores; bedtime stories for children; digest of das’s news (360 meters) $:15 p.m.—Concert by Federal Tel:- phone and Telegraph Company (36 meters). PACIFIC COAST STATES LEAD IN BROADCASTING There were 310 broadeasting sti- tions licensed by the Department of Commerce up to June 2 to send out e tertainment and market and reports, five of which are Washington. This number would have news, erop been 314, except that four statlons e dropped out of the broadcasting | business. These stations—one each in | Ilinois, California, Pennsyivania and | the District of Columbia—are the only nes which hay stopped broadcas! | ing since last cials of the I radio section ording to off partment of Commerce wheress new stations are being licensed at the rate of about three per day. they point out, al though only fourteen were licensed this week. California takes the lead in broad- casting development. according 1o the latest figures, with sixty stations s next with twenty-three, Penn- and New York are tied for une, ac nty e and Wash- { close fourth with nine- | 1llinois has thirteen, Missour Texas eleven and New Jer- and Oregon follow with | Los Angeles, like its progressive ate, leads other cities the num- be of broadcasting sta g, with neteen in that city: Philadelphia is ond with seven, and San Francigce > Orleans and meapolis have : while New rk, Chicago, ton and St Louis have five is obviou that che Pacific coast states and citles lead in this development ur.