Evening Star Newspaper, March 26, 1922, Page 35

RUSS MENACE LOOMS BACK OF GRECO-TURKISH PEACE Should Allies Fail in Present Effort Ag- gressive Action of Slavs and Turks Must Be BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN. ALIZING how futile it would be to meet at Genoa to pre- scribe panaceas for Europe's cconomic ills, with the Otto- man menace ever hazardihg settled order, foreign ministers of France, Italy and England have appealed to Expected. and thereby places them -alonsside their old ally. Bulgaria. Premier Stambdliski of Bulgaria. who presides over u peasant government, has done much to restore order and alleviate suspicion of Bulgarla in the minds of other Balkan countries, but there still prevails the notion that the | peasant premier will not last longer |lhnn that period necessary to gain the best possible terms from ‘he al- THE SUNDAY STAK, WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 26, 1922—PART 2 BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following s & brief summary )of the most Important news of the world for the seven days endéd March 26: United States of America—On Thursday the House passed the bonus bill, 333 to 70, amid acclamations from gallery and floor. On Friday the Senate ratified the four-power treaty and the Brandegee reservation attached. The vote was 67 to 27, the majprity being four in excess of the required two-thirds. “There is no commitment to armed force, no alliance, no obligation to join in any defense"; so runs the resolution, which was adopted by a vote of 92 to 2. Sccretary Hughes has dispatched an Iden- tical note to the governments of Great Britain, ! . »The?"Story the Week Has : Told reasonable security to considerations of ex- treme economy; those who do not wish the Army so far reduced as to nullify the more important provisions of the mational defense act, or_the Navy reduced below the efliclent strength contemplated by the 5-5-3 ratio. The War Department asked for $4,000,000 for the summer camp training of 20,000 reserve ofiicers (about half the number commissioned te_date) and 10,000 men of the enlisted re- serve. The House appropriations committee cut the figure down to $250.000, and the House approved the cut. Apparently there will not be much training this summer. The 85000 officers still required @pr the organized reserve, the third Mne of. national defense, are not likely, under auch a policy, to be forthcoming. The anti-evolutioniats in the Kentucky house defeated by only one vote the bill which pro- posed to “prohibit the teaching of Darwinism, Athelsm, Agnosticism, Infidelity, and Evolu- tion as Relating to the Orlgin of Man," in the schools and colleges of Kentucky. Though the llving Darwin was noted for his equanim- tional on execution by Ge~many of the afore- eald measures. The press {s making a great hullabaloo gbout the “severity” of this mnote, the fresh humliliation to Germany, etc. The note, however, does little more than give exact definition to what was already understood; its tone, even, Is business-like rather than brusque. The commission has shown itself clement and reasonable. * k %k ¥ Russia—At the Instance of the Polish gov- _ernment and under the auspices of the league of natlons, a conference was opened at War- saw on March 15 of health experts of various natlons, to debate means of preventing the spread of typhus to western Europe. It has been proposed to establish a sanitary sone 100 miles deep on the frontiers between Russia and Toland. Rumania, ete. Within this zone \ ) OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASE FRIENDSHIP FOR THE U. S« Military and Naval Commissions to Latin’’ America Would Better Und BY BEN McKELWAY. SOMEWHAT neglected phase of our relationship with South America may be remedied if a sentiment, now growing in into something definite in the form of a plan of action for the future. Army and Navy circles, is crystailized ; Pave Way for erstanding. : American spirit of solidarity is to b# served in the end, there are diplo- imatic ways and means of bringing it_about. ‘The very fact that this Pan-Ameri can spirit of solidarity—a spirit which'* should embrace in Iis understandings ' and good feeling the republics of all - the Americas—is suffering deserves serious consideration. That an anti- , American propaganda is fostered by . 3 ot t fugees from Russla, who with the spring [There is a strong feeling in some | forel i the Greeks and Turks to end their |lies. With the return of the old . ity, this sort of s E = OrSiEn missions AN MLallh AMEICE i’ and bring about @ séttlement that, ion of the peonle [l bursement by Germany for the costs of our Tne New Jersey leglslature, having ratifled NQn Bundreds. of thousand would be heled i forjarawing cloer)the; onds of L’r:‘JAg;r':lc:l:nr:vurfcz‘l:.l')‘:ut:ge Rl 2 e Serb and ' anti-Rumanlan, dange v the federal prohibiti end . thes e- - o 5 J Aot i -~ g i will insure advance in this section of | would abound, - ParGewarty will th OO Do O e R e I T in oty to o R e ea. Year more than 150,000 cages’of typhus were understanding and friendship be-}larged upon to the detriment of this the world and at the same time give | be true should it be definitely en-| U "fafite o Fatify the treaty of Versaille necticut, which have not ratified oticiatly yeported i Russik proper: theymume 3] fweenWlio niorthiern i wouggiera ] SOTINTynl copiia tion Uiste Jrimciere i/ h | tablished that the Angora govern The note enfia affably. ns follows: - Ler noted doubtless being only & fraction of | American continents—that of Jend. | COmmon knowledge among naval offi- some permanent guarantees of Euro- pean peace. For there can be no pro- longed and definite scheme of peace- ment, soviet dominated, is trying to of aggression. dictate Bulgarian policies along llnesI “The government of the United States be- lieves that its right to be pald the actual cost of its army of occupation pari pasu, with the * %k ¥k X The BDritish Emplre—~Field Marshal Sir the total number, %k Xk ¥ ¥ ing official military and naval mis- sions of instruction to the young re- cers ‘who have studied the situation at first hand. In addition, military men play .a, strong and influentlal part in the gov- Bi a has v H Wilson, formerly chief of the imperial The N publics of the south—has received fur advancement for the whole of ulgaria has not vet won the con cost of the armles of the allied' powers, is not enry 3 y e imp 'he Near and the Middle East.—At last, on ernment of many of the Latin Amer! i - fidence of other Balkan peoples and 1y a clearly table right, but is free from gencral staff, now representing Ulster in the e far too little attention, with results o aalers- southeastern Furope if events are| il have far to go before ths doubts| ~onbY & clearly §3§’e'c§‘m.. ht, P March 22, the forelgn ministers of Great Brit- can republics. Many military leaders permitted to drift in Asia Minor. Not only have the.good relation- ships of various allied nations been hazarded in the months, even years. that have clapsed since the signing of the treaty of Sevres, but unity and understanding would 2t all times in the future be subject to cross cur- and suspicions created by virtue of her conduct in the war are elimi- nated. There have been attempts at unity between Bulgaria and the Serbs, but the latent hatred on the { part of the Serbs and. in fact, on the part of the greater portion of the Bulgarian people has precluded suc- “This government will welcome any sug- gestion from the allled governments for the reasonable adjustment of this matter. Upon recelving nssurance of payment this govern- ment will be only too happy to proceed to the consideration of suitable means by which ita just claim may be satlsfled. Pending such consideration and udjustment, this government house of commons, is bitterly fighting the gov- ernment’s proposals for reduction of the mili- tary forces. He contends, not without plausi- bility, that the critlcal suitations in Ireland, Indla and Egypt, and the menace of soviet Russia (quite as serlous as ever in his opin- fon), cry out for a policy of caution, for meas- ain, France and Italy met at Parls to discuss the situation of the near and the middle east. They at once sent a telegramy to the Con stantinople, Angora and Aiben3 governments, proposing a three-month armistice between the Greeks and the Turkish nationalists to which become apparent upon only a cursory examination. In Argentina and Chile today are found armies instructed by German officers and modeled closely after the German military system, down to the goose-step and the uniforms. In these same countries the navies are under are chosen for the highest administra- tive positions in the civil govern- ments. And it is a logical conclusion that the country which has “brought up” the army and navy of a young republic will occupy a position of peculiar prestige among its officials. Its business men will be welcomed, its: trade solicited. A great part of rents of political Strategy. Endless|cessso far. — S earnestly hopes that the aliled governments 4 % . utomatically renew itself continupualy ‘until the instruction of British naval ofi- | South American business is trans-: trouble’ would result. It being appar- | The allies, even with en armistice be- | (il Ve diaposed to refrain from Biving effect ~ ures of securitv. The govefnment Droposes 4 ignature of a treaty of peace unless de- {cers, and the sea forces are virtually acted on friendship and understand. ent that the foreign policies "'lr“‘x"d e ;'"f_‘.'! Sirbbeagtatla: to any arrangements for the distribution of total of 215,000 men, including the Indian, nounced by either party at least fifteen days duplications of that of Great Britain. | in& This friendship and understand- France and FEngland are at odds.|fronted with serious peoblems 1 cash payments received from Germany to the colonial and mandate establishments. Briar. Lo expiration. Jof. Khnesimonth, mesiod In Peru French officers are in charge | iN& are engendered Ly military and Even should differences in Turkish |t'inE those religlous an exclusion of the claim of the United States. The disorders in Belfast and on the border P < of the instruction of the army. A |Baval missions. policy be adjusted. there is ever the| danger that the jealousies and cen- turies-old antipathies of the Turks and Balkan peoples will be fannel to sues close to the heart of the Turks. The fear of a general Mohammedan up- weaval as the result of the increasing bitter feeling in parts of the mosque world has spread to other countries, and The President has ordered return to the United States of the 4,000 or so of our troops still remaining in Germany. As the movement will be handled by the limited Army transport between the Free State and Ulster increase. The southerners attribute the border situation to the Belfast atrocities, chief blame for which Both the Turks and the Greeks, it 1s reported, have been preparing for resumption of opera- tions on the grand scale. Winston Churchill made some interesting French military mission supervises Instruction of Brazilian aviators. In Bolivia a former German general offi- cer—a Gen. Kundt—has become a HAS ALWAYS RESPONDED TO U. S. OVERTURES. | 1tis safe to say that South America,” flames and a state of constant war- service, it ‘will probably not be completed S Bolivian citizen and s chief instruc- 5 et “1{recent advices indicate that this fear se . probably e complete lay at the door of the Belfast Protestants. observations to the commons the other day. ha § tively. ; e B T I condl. |5 not without warrant. much hefore July;l. There s this much to be said in support of Speaking of the need of & Turkish settlement, |1or Of the army. There is noy |speaking collectively, would respond ARaiTic e DOers L it TR X ¥ K Xk that_charge: That the number of Catholics he said he would never be found consenting talk of a Germany military mis-|to any overtures by the United Stat - BOLSHEVIKS ARE STRIVING murdered in Belfast is considerably greater 1o the placing of large bodies of Christians sion vigiting Bollvia. A German, offering assistance—given on the basis DEEP HATREDS GOVERY BALKAN PEOPLES. Only personal contact with the Statesmen presiding over the destinies of peoples in the Balkans and Turkey can convince one of the smoldering hatreds that ever are ready to break forth in ufitoward action. The Turk hates the Greek with a venom that cannot be surpassed. Allah ever is besought to pour down upon the heads of the Greeks the most hideous tor- tures and punishments. This deep- seated feeling is even more marked among the more unenlightened Turks | —those that compose the masses of the Turkish empire. During the cen- turies of Turkish expansion in south- eastern Europe, where ruthlessness of the Turk came In constant contact with the peoples of the Balkans, there has been builded up almost an in- stinctive fear of the Moslem. Greeks of Macedonia, where myriads of bloody encounters have stained the bleak hills of the countryside, view the Turk as the emissary of the devil The Serbs, to the north, look upon the Turks with all the suspicion and doubt that possibly could be en- gendered, particularly with _ the Turko-Bulgarian alliance during the cruel days of the war yet fresh in The | TO UNITE OPPOSITION. * Recently there have been disclosed Ivery definite attempts on the part of the soviet regime in Moscow to co- ordinate all opposition in Asia against European policies. Tt is believed that the firm policy of Mustapha Kemal in : Angora has been largely due to the fact that he ias been subject to dictation on the part of the soviet regime in Mos- | cow. Tt is not to be expected that Lenin and’ Trotsky could forego opportunities to advance their cause in Asia, particu- ilarly as they have it within their power to make Asiatic peoples a wedge in their drive agalnst the spread of Eu- ropean influences. European statesmen are mnot lulled into any false ideag as to the truth of the repeated statements of Lenin and Trotsky that Russia has no aggressive {intentions. Tney do credit this as a ihalf truth. The red leaders may not {be aggressive If they can gain what i they want through negotiation and gain restoration of trade and diplomatic rec- ognition. 1 _But should European countries, at Genoa or elsewhere, impose conditions upon the soviet which are not to their | liking, then Trotsky vet will find pre- itext for unleashing Als Slavic hordes. | He has threatened to do this during A strike of the 600,000 unionized miners ot the United States (bituminous and anthracite), has been ordered, effective April 1. The order excepts the men necessary “to insure the proper care and protection of all mining prop- erty.” Efforts of the Secretary of Labor to bring together representatives of bituminous operators and miners have egregiously failed. Though, doubtless, as to the general merits of the controversy a great deal is to be said on both sides, it seems to be a fact that the operators have repudiated a long-standing promisa to confer before April 1. Representa- tives of the anthracite operators and miners are in conference, with little promise, however. of a reconcilement in the near future of their widely separated programs. The policy committee of the United Mine Workers nas authorized continuance or re- sumption of mining to the extent necessary “to prevent jeopardization of the public wel- fare throuh lack of fuel.” This authorization Is reassuring but vague; it has been inter- preted as applying to supply of coal to “hos- pitals, other public institutions and certain public utilities.” The interpretation is almost equally vague. There is much speculation as to the amount <f help (actual or “moral”), if any, the strik- ing miners will get from the organized rail- way men, pursuant to the recent compact of defensive alliance between organized miners and railway men. than the numbcer of Protestants. They say in Dublin that it is only by way of just retalla- tion that Catholics (be they southern Catholic: of the twenty-six counties or Ulster Catholi of the six counties), harry and snipe and otherwise raise cain along the border. What- ever the cause or the rights and wrongs of the situation, there seems to be a continuous state of petty warfare on the border, and the doings in Belfast are enough to disgust a Kurd. It will be recalled that a “republican army convention™{was arranged for today, the 26th, and that Griffith, discovering behind that singular proposal a plot of extremists to seize control of the army, forbade the meeting. The extremists thereupon quite openly proelaimed that the meeting would be held, Griffith, Col- lins apd Mulcahy to the contrary notwith- standing; that they had 80 per cent of the army behind them, and that the convention would repudiate the army’'s allegiance to the dail eireann and elect an executive for the army. Then, as the song goes, “whack for the diddle o' the dido dey.” A dispatch just states that Lloyd George has téiegraphed Michael Collins, head of the provisional government of the Free State, and Sir James Craig, premier of Ulster, request- ing them to go to London at once to confer with the British cabinet, with a view to avert- ing _real war, which obviously threaten Viscount Peel, grandson of Sir Robert. suc- ceeds Mr. Montagu as secretary of state for India. Gandhi, the leader of the non-co-opera- tion movement in India, has been tried and under Turkish rule. peaking of the new Kingdom of Irak, he said that Britain has ex- pended £350,000,000 in that region. He ex- pressed the hope that a weak policy would not be adopted, for that would amount to re- nunciation of great trade opportunities and of the promising ofl concessions in the Mosul district. Of Palestine, he said that the govern- ment had reached the limit of liberal conces- sions consistent with fulfillment of the pledges to the Zionists. He was for granting a constitution based on a wide franchise with an elected majority of the legislative councils. * * ok % China~—~The Associated Press reports from Peking that the 'President of China and Gen. Chang Tso-Lin, inspector general of Man- churia, are at outs: that Chang Tso-Lin has withdrawn his troops from Peking, and so any other Tuchun (Wu Pei-Fu, for example) might walk right in and take charge. More- over, Wu Chao-Chu, son of Wu Ting-fang, of Canton, is in Mukden, Chan Tso-Lin's capital, presumably in negotiation for an alliance be- tween the Canton government and Chang Tso- Lin. An alliance between Chang Tso-Lin and Sun Yet-Sen would be like associating the late r. Penrose and Willlam Jennings Bryan on the same ticket. A later dispatch states that Chang Tso-Lin colonel has contracted with the gov- ernment of Paraguay to instruct the army. A French naval officer is in charge of the naval school of Vene- zuela, a position formerly held by an officer of the United States coast guard. A French military mission has recently been withdrawn from Uruguay. And there are other cases— such as the fact that military avi- ation In Chile is under the instruction of former officers of the British fly- ing service, using forty-seven planes which were presented to Chile by the British governmént. VIRTUALLY IN CONTROL OF PERUVIAN NAVY. Tke United States mow has naval missions in Peru and in Brazil, the former consisting of four officers un- der the command of Commander Frank B. Freyer. This mission, for the time being, is virtually in control of the Peruvian navy to all intents and purposes, and all of the expenses of its maintenance are borne by Peru. Brazil has invited the United States to_enlarge its present mission there, consisting now of an officer at the head of the war college and two officers on the general staff of the navy. It is strongly hoped by a great {of good fellowship—of any kind. alwars has Ard a mighty good way to use part 1of our Navy in peace time will be to send some battleships every now and then on calls of pure courtesy to some of the Latin American republics— | just to stir up good feeling all around and give them a chance to look at a real navy. There wouldn't be any doubt about the welcome. When the declaration of war by the United States caught Admiral Caperton’s squadron off the coast of South Amegjca in 1917, it was the occasion for a declaration by Presi- dent Brum of Uruguay which ought to pass down In history alongside the ° Monroe doctrine. President Brum, violating international laws by open- ing his ports to the American Nav said in effect that ‘*‘whenever the * United States goes to war with 3 - European nation Uruguay ceases to - be a neutral.” The welcome and hos- pitality shown the American naval squadron while in_ the harbor of Montevideo is a tradition among the officers and men Who enjoyed it. BRUM IS STRONG FOR AMERICAN SOLIDARITY. President Brum, by the way. has been compared to John the Baptist. She ' 4 v 1 officers who have studied nians eve the Turks!| s = has been sentenced to six years' imprison- = s : many naval 1 g D i Iarualy for (he feason| O\ Epring month uiless Rusuig's de- * ok k% ment without hard labor. The nows seama to hacie bus eenceion the order oo teammig | e situation in Brazil at frst hand | calling in the wilderness for his that they suspect eventual co-ordi-|\hnced 3% TR have been received stolidly by the Indian : that this invitation w e accepted [ stand on solidarity between the nation of purpose and endeavor of the Russian soviet officials in Mos- cow and the government at Anatolia. The Rumanians are extremely fear- ful of Russian incursions, which have been hanging over their heads as the sword of Damocles. Rupania sus- pects the Bulgarians of coveting the Dobrudja. which was wrested from them during the war, and if there be Bulgarian and_Turkish co-operation directed from Moscow and the Rus. sians should strike at any time in the future, Rumania's_position, would indeed be perilous. : have stood as a bulwark against the the spread of bolshevism in Balkans and, therefore, it would be expected that Rumania would be the first to feel any aggressive soviet blows. " All of these things must be taken into consideration by allind states- ment in addition fo_the direct merits of the Grecian and Turkish claims in the revision of the treaty of a revision which is absolutel tial if there is to be peace inzsouth- eastern Europe. . BULGARIA STILL EYED WITH SUSPICION The Greek and Turkish people of Macedonia ever are fretful “against restraints from Constantinople and | The Rumanians,’ the {vanced through international political |and economic dealing. He threatens to reach out and take what statesmen of Eyrope may deny. As a result of this, i closely co-ordinated policies as between | Angora and Russia naturally would | prove extremely embarrassing to Eu- { ropean powers in their desire to settle ithe whole eastern question. if, indeed, { they did not prove highly dangerous. BEST DARGAIN MAY SWAY IMUSTAPHA KEMAL. 1f peace can be brought to the near | east and the allies can meet the Turks ; more than hali way in settlements in { accord with Mustapha: Kemal's ideas of | restoration of Turkish nationalism, and the allies in turn can pledge to Turkey :.permanency of Turkish tenure in places of Asia Minor now held by European peoples under the guise of mandates, i there yet may be some hope of saving the situation. But the allles realize nothing can come of any negotiations that are not predicated first of all upon withdrawal of Grecian armies from i Smyrna and Anatolia. i If Mustapha Kemal believes he can gain more from European powers than | e can of Russia, taen he undoubtedly | may try to swap horses in the middle of the stream, but if there is any at- tempt seriously to curtail Turkish aspi- Upon arnounczment by the operators of a 20 per cent wage reduction, to take effect March 27, 25,000 workers in textile plants at 1as«.. were ordered by their union executives to strike on that date. There has been little change during the week in the strike situations in New Hampshire and Rhode Island. The progress of legislation concerning the Army and Navy, now in debate or preparation in the House, will be followed with anxious interest by those who would not sacrifice a people, but the captain and crew of the Indian ship of state had best have the vessel ready for squalls. ¥ ¥ k X Germany.—The reparations commission has sent to the German government a note de- fining the measures of reform, etc., Germany must set atoot prior to May 31, and the ma- chinery of control and supervision to be set up by the commissfon in connection with these measures, continuance of the greatly reduced schedule of German payments being condi- that Wu Pei-Fy was moving his troops north. Perhaps the long-predicted clash between those warriors is about to take place. * Kk k% Miscellaneous.—Italy's new premier, Facta, has adopted a drastic policy toward ending the conflicts between the fascisti and the communists. A considerable revolt of natives is reported to have broken out in Tripoli. M. Polncare has decided mot to go to the Genoa conference. Growing Cheerfulness in the Agriculture Sections Is Sure to Be Reflected in Better Business Tone BY ARCHER WALL DOUGLAS, Chairman, Committee on Statistics and Standards, Chamber of Ci merce of the United States. FIND growing cheerfulness agricultural sections due to ad- in by the United States. The fact the German missions, Brit- ish missions and French missions have instructed the armies and navies of Latin American countries is not alarming. There is much good ac- complished, and the Latin American republics seeking these missions of Instructors are to be congratulated for a desire to model their systems on those which have attained success. The fact that missions from this country were not invited is explained, it is said, by two things: First, neither our Army nor our Navy before the Eu- ropean war was considered a model establishment; second, the United States never evinced any particular desire to receive an invitation to send a mission of instruction. NOT WILLING TO MAKE BID FOR INVITATIONS. This second point brings up a rather delicate matter, for the United States does not like to be represented 2s hunting in the open for invitations of any sort. But when the Pan- Pending Measures Interest Women American republics. A Young presi- dent. but one whose vision and clear sight for the future has already identified him as one of the leaders in the advocacy of pan-Americanism, ha is cited as an example of the spirit many hope to see felt throughout al - of South America. The Navy won a friend in Uruguay® merely by a hasty call. When Ad. ral * Caperton's = squadron visit Brazil the effect was also. favorable” Two of Brazil's battleships were gent to New York not long afterward for : complete reconditioning, providing: work for American workmen. The invitation for an American navat commission is a direct resuit of the visit of Admiral Caperton's squad. ron. When the official mission rep resenting the United States attended/- the Peruvian centennial last summer ., it was welcomed and paraded and shown courtesy which extended far and ” beyond the demands of mere hospitality. And there’s an American naval in Peru today mlllh:n House joint resolution 83. introduced, |ington "and Representative Codd of Michigan, proposing to amend the Con- ' stitution, giving Congress the power io.. enact uniform marriage and divorce. ' : {laws, tae hearing before the House com- Athens, and undoubtedly will clash | rations the threat of Trotsky and Kemal & I he e com centually if they believe that one|may yet become a living thing and the vances in prices of farm com mittee taking place last November, and aventualty Whole scheme of restoration in the near modities, and the general belief (Continued from First Page.) the Senate committee hearing on Janu-. or the other has been discriminated against in territorial awards. Though there undoubtedly would be conflict from this source, it is to be expected that the Serbs and the Rumanians will stoutly resist any movement which returns Thrace to the Turks east become a bubble. Desirable as peace between the Greeks and Turks may be, essential as restoration of the old order in Turkey may be, allied statesmen have many a hurdle to leap before any armistice between the Moslems and the Greeks can eventuate in things desired. ' Denies Europe Has a Monopoly of Interest in the Near East . To the Eaitor of The Star: While Washington, in common with many other cities of the United States, is having a *drive” to raise funds for relief in the near east, representa- tives of the great allied powers of Europe are getting ready for another conference to “settle” the near east- ern question, and, unfortunately, it seems, from newspaper feports, that the European powers are preparing for this new conference with the same spirit of selfish self-interest and the same disregard for the rights and desires of the people most directly involved that has governed the policy American money, are scattered throughout this region, we haye loaned millions of dollars there, and American enterprise has invested its time, money and energy in many other ways. In spite of all this, we are told this is a European question, in which we must not interfere. Held to Be Interference, ~ ow let us see if we have not al ready interfered. We, of all the na tions of the earth, stand for the right of a people to choose the form of government under which it wishes to dwell and the men by whom it de- sires to be ruled. Yet more than a year and a quarter ago Greece, the one country in the near east witich has shown the greatest capacity for self-government, which has the high- that higher prices have come to stay. The better part of this more cheerful frame of mind is the consclousness that the business of farming has reached the turning of a very long lane and that the future holds for the farmer the promise of a scientific and well administered busine: equipped with the necessary plant, provided with needed funds, and with an abiding co-operative spirit among its members, such as hitherto has been foreign to its experience. This improvement in feeling has not yet taken the form of any nota- ble increase in the volume of buy- ing. For taught by experience, the farmer is waiting for the fruition of his hopes, in the form of sustained higher prices of his own commadities, and lower prices of the things he buys, before venturing very far out into the water. Also he waits to see what the coming harvest has in pros- pect, and if things look well as spring opens up he is going to take a chance and do_some purchasing on pros- pects. Until then buying will be for needs, and largely on price, even though merchandise stocks in the hands of dealers be light and assort- ments badly broken. ‘Wheat About Cleaned Uj ‘The latest official information tariffs are on the sale of agricultural products, but that probably does not thoroughly realize .have troubles of their own. Rallroad Problem Serious. This map, put out by The Nation’s Business, Chamber of Commerce, shows actual business con T &s seen by Archer Wall Douglas, the noted business authority. that the railroads livestock, they for the starving millions in that dis- tressed country, but the rest of Eu- rope apparently took as feed for whose depleted numbers afe endeavoring to restore and for which there is no food like corn. official publication of the United States ditions ll,hroughaut the country in March this season of the year. year than last. So_stocks are now below normal for The con- sequent outlook is for larger produc- tion of fruits and vegetables this There probably will be a large volume of business in these States or Porto Rico, and at ledst one year in the state (or Porto Rico) in which the naturalization court is located, in order to be readmitted to American citizenship. Under the new law, therefore, an American woman may Tetain her citi- zenship during the lifetime of her alien husband, which she may not do at present, but if already married to an alien and living abroad she must walt five years even after the termi- nation of her marriage before she can regain her citizgnship, and she cannot then regain it unless that five years be mpent in American territory, neither of which conditions is now imposed. T2 s provided also that an alien wom- an may not mcquire American citizen- ship through marriage to an American, nor by the naturalization of her hus- band following their marriage, the fact of the neither conferring cCiti- zenship upon her nor barring her from acquiring citizenship through naturali- zation proceedings, if she is an eligible alien as defined by the law. Nor may caildren acquire citizenship through the naturalization of ~their father during their minority as at pres- ent, or the resumption of citizenship by their parent, special provisions being made for the naturalization of alien chil- dren either or both ef whose parents may have become naturalized during eir minority. mm the same time the provisions of the present law are extended to confer citi- zenship upon a child whose mother at ary 16, 1922, taken. _ Other measures engaging the atten— tion of women are the Dyer anti-lynch-_ | ig& bill. which has passed the House and” | | i€ now before the Senate judiclary com- " ;ml_lue"!he bill introduced by Repr: . | ative Voigt of Wisconsin to prohibit the | shipment of filled milk in interstate or " foreign commerce, whica s on the cak- endar, and the Hayden bill for the sup-, pression of the sale and use of peyote among Indians, the alleged sacramentat s’ use of which is, according to Reprey | sentative Hayden of Arizona, a “bol |attempt to perpetuate under the gufss‘® | of religion the use of a drug that ought to be prohibited.” Made from the Peysr,, ote plant, a cactus growing in the soath. -;m. the re:ulting dl;ug is narcotic i3 character, the use of which degrades . and demoralizes the Indians. no further action being {Claims Fiume Is - i Not Italian City - LA To the Editor of The Star: 5 The article of Mr. Oliver Owen XKuhn on the Fiume question in last Sunday's Star is calculated, in my opinion, to create an erroneous im- pression regarding the situation in that unfortunate city. = In the first place, there is a his- torical error. Mr. Kuhn states that of these powers through so ‘r‘x_nlnv est type of civilization and which has | that wheat ylelds in Argentina and 4 s. | commodities during the coming|the time of its birth is an American citi-| «jn the hearts and minds of a great “conferences” and “settlements” of|throughout the entire period of its|Australla are somewhat loss than last| The rallroads, like all otber e Yaon B mere %t corn. | months. Also in fruits, since the oo reknrdicnn of the nationality of itS|section of the Itallan people acquisi: " me troublesome question, e en have only resulted in further “haos. And unless this question is taken up in a_different spirit than seems indicated by European press Sispatches, we can, be prepared in America for furthér drives on the part of the Near East Relief, as help Tl be necessary for many vears to ward America, held an_ election, as the result of which she brought back to the throne the constitutional king of the country, who had been exiled during the war by the armed inter- ference of the European allies. The result of this election was an over- whelming demand for the return of year. These two countries and Canada will probably furnish most of the wheat imported by Europe until our coming harvest is on, since our exportable surplus is nearing its end. High prices for wheat seem_likely branches of business, are anxious for a volume of traffic that will keep dcwn the present undue proportion of expense aocount. They feel, how- ever, that such reduction in freight rates as is called for should be ac- growers to teach Europeans that they were missing something when they did not eat corn in all its infinite va- rieties of food preparations. was no use. We led them to the trough, but they would not drink, and went on eating rye bread and pre- tending that they liked jt. two years in succession. But 1t | in cann gatheres as gn°’edible vegetable. severe and widespread freezes we had last spring do not often occur How vast is the volume of business goods in vegetables may be from the story of tomatoes. the “love ‘apples” of our grandfathers, then merely a curiosity and neglible Like most * ok Kk ¥ An amendment of the revllned sfiz::g(eg extending the scope of sections 5549-5 to perm";f judges in their discretion to send to -ouses of refuge instead of re- formatories, women or girls convicted of prostitution has passed the Senate tions means sentimental* reunion ofs> this wonderful old alty to the morneoy land.” 1 would like to know in what way Italy is the “motherland” qfy Fiume. At no perlod in its histort was Fiume ever an Italian city or had lany connection with that country, . except for a very brief period at the beginning of the sixteenth centure,® companied by a corresponding’reduc- tion in thelr expense account, and this they are striving to bring about with the handicap of not having the final say in such matters. There is also the question, which cannot be ard- swered in advance, as to whether such reductions will bring an ade- quate volume of business, under pres- ent depressed conditions, to compen- sate for the reduction in rates Like most of great economic problems, it will probably all come out in the ‘wash, though not so fast as we may desire. For much of it is dependent upon the action of certain govern- ment agencies, and no one can recall King Constantine, and our failure to recognize the king and present gov- ernment of Greece constitutes a most serious interference in the right of a friendly nation to decide its own in- ternal affairs, ¢ Greece has the only army that is able to maintain order and avert chaos. For ten long years this army has been in the field, wresting foot after foot of the European mainland and island after island of the Aegean from her former conquerors, and now in Asia Minor, where we are told the Turks have secured “Important vic- tories,” this same army is holding territory much greater in size than Europe has always drawn on usj for food and this situation is accen- tuated even more than in pre-war times because of the elimination of Russia for so long a period. We seem to forget in all these calcula- tions of a rehabilitated Europe that such an event will work both ways. If it means larger purchases of our goods in some lines, it means an even flercer competition in other lines and a consequent.faliing off in some kinds of exports. What we seem gradually drifting to, and this drift will become more apparent in a short time, is to find greater markets elsewhere, especially in South Amer- ica and Asia, particularly for fabri- to prevail for some time. Recent precipitation in the west and south- ‘west has been of much benefit to the growing crop, though it may take some further time to reveal the damage done by previous dry weather accompanied by wintry gales. There is an insistent demand in agricultural sections for lower freight rates on farm commodities. It is a demand thoroughly conscious of the heavy handicap the present freight goofl things of strictly American crigin, it finally made its way, and the annual commercial pack varies from 240 to 6500 million cans, exclu- sive of those put up by innumerable housewives. As in canned goods, 80 in other lines; those who have liquidated and offer prices which both dealers and consumers feel {s bottom for the time being, are doing business in fairly good volume. : Generalisations Misleading. Several industrial developments in- dicate how misleading generalizations and is expected to pass the House on|when Venice established a certai Monday: Iniroduced by Senator Nelson |amount of commerclal influence, The and Representative Voistead, the meas- | population, until the most recest ' ure, approved by the Department of Jus- | times, was never in any degree Itads ~ tice, was by the Senate February | fan. ‘In 1848 the city counted 12,595 17, favorably reported by the House|inhabitants, of whom 11,581 wer Judiciary committee and was taken up|Croats and 691 Itallans. 'Six years for last Monday, March 20, later, in 1854, according to Kandle; When discovery by Representative Mann | the number of Italians had incr of & technical error caused the bill to|but did not exceed 5,000 or 6,000, ' - 2o over without prejudice to be put in| It is, however, quite impossible thats proper form, no objection to the purpose |.600 inhabitants could in six short.., of the legisiation being entertained. [ years have increased to 6,000 by any' Fas patural process. This increase was.: St age|fie to the immigration of Lialisn., The Austrian credits bill, the pass: or to work on the construction o of T AT Cenate on March 15 was | the harbor. the railways and other" come. A _ ‘merica we are told lhxll lsHI.erl‘;}n,r':ipgln matter, and that we must not mix up in it, as England, France and Italy have special Inter- + ests in the near east, and therefore must be allowed to have a free hand in dealing with the problem. Let us consider this matter. Ha_:lo we no interests in the near east? Arefwe not at the present moment interfer- ing there? United States Near East Trade. As to our interests in the near east, the Department of e ROt oF that our total volune our policy of non-interfering _infer- ence has caused, but it is not too late to repair patt of that wrong. Commerce show of trade during 1921 in the section|that awarded to Greece by the treaty | Therefore, why delay longer in the|8RY government forces in time of} ca and Asis part el o v % niv™ 2 | may be under present conditions. Raw | accelerated by the efforts of women in- | industrial developments. But whemo. commonly known as the near eset|of Sevres, even though the Turks are | gyifliment of our plain duty? pesool us i - tHomstlyen.col et ¢ export Agurd £o note ey leving the distress of the | &id immigration ever confer politi Sonountea to almost $150,000.000. | heing backed by France, Italy and| i time nas s o act, and we|things through in & hurry. That is | $2sual glance at exp: wool is up, apparently due to theterested In refCURE (° (iria” ia now | rights on the country from’ WIS ™ how our previous contact with Cuba, not the way of red tape. ha bolsheviki Russia. emergency tariff, and with strong de- mand, while the business in manu- which Is quite a fair amount of busi- rec- ness to do in a°®section where we = Philippines bafore the ways and means committee | the immigrants come? If that priwes of the House, the chairman of which, | ciple is admitted, the Italians in New must act firmly and quickly. ognize the present regime in Greece Hawaii the and proved an anchor cast to windward, ‘We have yet to learn from experi- 248 tal ‘Wants Constantine Recognized. ce how far we can safel. d a £00 0t 80 satis- | Representative Ford an, re gr e mess to do I & eeter - Certainly. . T D e eEIme e e a no.| ence how o ely go, and | Proved an anchor C88 A8 B o o i s iney of Michigan, re- { York, who greatly outnumber the meliper France hor Ttaly did as much| pocosnivion of the Greek govern-|Hior on tha et L0 e N at e ine farther, in the regulation of pub- [Just a8 Enslandis stienf o, B0 P, factur '8’“"3., e hand, n e | e st meek & deputation of women | Italians in Home or Milan, might's" le Ill.lll&le::'g::tt t{gl T“m-:bfi?m“ at presen e Impo: ty of the rallroads dealing direct with their employes on matters of the ut- most mutual interest is a serious handicap on bringing about that spirit. of loyalty without which there can be no eficient service. Export Demand for Corn. factory. tralia, recent sales of wool were on a declining market. Demand _continues slow in most metals. The little boom in copper died s borning and prices went pff some, because of still too much sur- vlus above ground, although it is steadily getting less, and there is likelthood of some increased activity in mining. Zinc had much the same s in the section referred to D m 1921, and all competitors will Soon bo left benind {§ American man- ufacturers and exporters are given a fair chance and adequate backing by overnmen O e, (60, we have other interests. Thousands of Americans are located TR Ohe near east, some promoting our I ntry's. cpmmercial interests and A Sohers unseifishly devoting their lives ment is a duty which we owe to the Christian peoples of the near east, to our own noble and self-sacrificing .men and women who are laboring there, and to the commercial inter- ests of our country, who need to ex- tend and develop the foreign markets of the world in order to bring back real prosperity to our own ‘people. Above all, it is & duty which we owe to our own ideals of liberty and self- at least stand for the right of free peoples to govern themselves' and that we have interests in the near east which we intend to protect. After we have done this, we should send immediately to ~Athens . the strongest and best fitted minister we can find for the place, and serve no- ce on Europe that American inter- ests must and. shall be respected. American business men demand the him to urge an early and | proclaim their Fiume on the east sigm of Manhattan Island. colonies. ‘who called on rt upon it. 5 mr'?? :flcaugfzp‘;.u"geen taken upon the| No, Fiume has never been an-Itai¥ roposing & constitutional | jan city, and is not now. It wam.l Rogers . Pvine Congress power fo|only by cutting off Shushak (which, . oguiate the employment of women un- | forms just as much a part of Fiume N twenty-one years of age, nor upon |as Georgetown does of Washingtof¥* the bill introduced October 7 last by |that an artificlal Italian majority of Representative Peterson of New Yofl; a few ’thut’)‘ll;\’ql e created. “-r ugu! anniversas of | figures in the census wers 2 e e s A A 6,493 Magyars, 2315 Gema's Canning Outlook Good. ¥ The story of canned goods in fruits and vegetables, illustrates the course of what each line may expect accord- ing as it adjusts itself In accord with prevailing conditions. There One of the interesting features of tocks carried over into Tead 13 mostly stand. | the adoption of the suffrage amendment, | Italians, he education of peoples down- hi v as well as were huge s fate a. per. ad i3 mostly stand- |the d 15,687 Jugoslavs. But. in,, 10 dden under 500 years of Turkish £ Geny to s e TR i | e oo e e of must, be|the export trade in 1921 was the 1921 which had to be disposed of at|ing still. Iron and steel mills ure |a national holiday. Diushak there ars 11,705 Jugoslavs' misrule, and carrying the materiall 0% "® ylers than Greece would | propped open in such manpner.that it|large amount of corn sent abroad,|reduced figures. This stimulated cop-|still running on short time though * % x % S haly 658 Italtans, so that, taX¥oh showing some slight increase in pro- ———— T e help and moral encouragement of the}y v, yag (o deny our own right to|can never be shut in our faces. more, ‘in fact, than. in any twelve}!sumption: Then there were smaller Pric kened| Hearings have been held hy ing the two sections of the clw. great republic of the west to the napge our administration'as a result| " BRAINERD P. SALMON, _ . . e Pruits and vegetabley|duction in January. Prices weakened | | Hearing® TN 6 he House andlitalians are hopelessly outnum tions of Asia Minor. sz ‘| months in the past twenty yearm |yields of both fruits and vegetables|somewhat, more particularly in fin- ; hors! 5 2 Christian populations of our elections of 1920. It Is too| President, American Chamber ? ) b PR fi pors 1n 1931 in the Drevious.year. whad Rte s e 3 s‘nwnnsmlltkip\l resolution 31 and . GORDO! : el S 3 - SR v 3 3 < o Qcbools and colleges built = with jate to repsir. all the wrong which Commerce of Greece. N = o