Evening Star Newspaper, March 12, 1922, Page 4

3 e = Treaty of Peace, Underwood * Says Defending 4-Power Pact Deseribing the four-power Pacifio] rights of others. The four-power pact treaty as “the real treaty of peace” of the arms conference, Senator Un- derwood told the Senats yesterday he would vote for the pact’s ratification in the same spirit which actuated him to suppert the treaty of Versailles and the league of mations. Speaking from a prepared address, Senator Underwood declared the real{ past two decade: issue was whether the United States was ready to give its sanction to an arrangement for “peace by mutual un- derstanding” or desired to continue “tha opportunity for war that has threatened us in the past two decades.” Not am Afliance. Mr. Underwood asserted that he did not regard the treaty as an al- liance, but added that even if it were, and were founded on arbitration rath- er than force, he would support & To argue, on the other hand, that be- cause it was not based on force it was valueless was declared by the Alabama senator to be reverting to the philosophy of past ages. Recounting how he had supported the league of nations, he said he had approached the work of the arms con- ference ready to welcome any new ef- !:nnto establish peace by interna- tional understanding rather than by the power of the sword. A Peiftical Settiement. «The four-power treaty,” he con- tinued, “represents a political settie- ment which undoubtedly was neces- sary before the treaty providing for the limitation of armaments was signed; that is, if the agreement to limit armaments was intended to mean more than a mere saving of money to the nations who had en- saged in the wild race of bullding battleships. Ne War Without Comsent. *The opponents of the ratification of this treaty in the main appear to base their objections on two grounds, ex- pressing positions that are opposed one to the other. It is asserted that the treaty in effect is an alliance be- tween the four great powers for of- fensive and defensive purposes, or, at least, it Is contended we will be drawn into that position in the end and that we may be forced into war without our consent. I maintain that there is nothing in the treaty itself that justifies such an interpretation being placed upon It; that ansagree- ment by a man or a natlon to re- spect the rights of his neighbors is an obligation tha\ relates to his own conduct and does not bind him to aggressive action because the other party to the contract, whose rights he has agreed to respect, becomes in- volved in difficulties. All Ground Removed. “But the question is not left here. The foreign relations committee of the Senate has moved a reservation to the treaty, which, beyond a doubt, will be accepted by the Senate, which reads as follows: “*The United States understands that under the statement in the pre- amble, or under the terms of this treaty, there is no commitment to armed force, no alliance, ro obliga- tion to join in any defense.’ “When_the treaty is ratified with this understanding on the part of our government, what ground left to those who contend the treaty fis an offensive and defensive alllance to stand upon? None that I can see. Last Stand of Old School. “On the other hand, it is asserted that, as the treaty does not bind the | high contracting parties to use force in carrying out its terms, and because they cannot in the future be bound to any action until their free consent is first obtained, it means noth- ing; that it is worse than useless to sign it, and therefore it should be de- feated. To my mind, this argument is the last stand of the men of the old school, the school of thought that has been dominant in the government of this world for the last 4,000 years; the philosophy that believes that the world can and must be governed only by force, and that agreements, to be binding, must have the power of force behind them. If this were true it would deetroy all the faith of the Christian nations of the world in their efforts to obtain peace by mu- tual understanding. ‘Wenuld Support It If Alliance. “You may call the Versalles treaty an alliance. I voted for it because I believed that it was a sincere effort to secure the peace of the world by mu- tual understanding. The present treaty is not an alliance, but If it were an alliance Intended to keep the peace through arbitration rather than through force, 1 should support it. The dangers of past alliances have not been due to the fact that they were binding agree- ments between the powers that signed them, but because they contemplated the use of force for the benefit of the signatory powers. An alllance based on right and justice between natons, in- tended to aid ia securing the peace of the world, would not be offensive to me. ‘The first step in any effort to keep the Dpeace among the nations must be baseq upon a mutual agreement to respect the does that. ‘War Oppertunities to Go. “If the Senate of the United States ratifies this pending treaty Lam fully satisfied that thers will disappear not only any real cause for war, but there will no longer exist the opportunity for war that has threatened us in the and peacs will be established between the four great sea powers that now control the des- tinies of the Pacific ocean. “As long as conditions were allowed to remaln in the far east as they have existed for the past two decade: danger lurked behind every dispute, and the war clouds gathered when every national issue was raised. These conditions threatened our national security, for as long as our flag_floats over the distant islands of the Pacific national honor requires that we shall defend the people of these islands from attacks by other nations. Issue of Peace ta Orieat. “This i» the real issue involved in the four-power treaty—the issue of peace in the orlent, the issue of safety to our country, the issue of the lives of our young men who should be saved from this danger for the up- building of & greater America. “A number of treaties were nego- tiated at the conference in Wash- ington on the limitation of arma- ment, but this four-power treaty is the real treaty of peace. The naval treaty is remarkable, in that, for the first time in the history of the world, nations have really agreed to limit their armaments, but nevertheless thelr relative_ strength remains the same. The Chinese treaties estab- lish a Magna ta to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity f China in the future. his one treaty stands for peace by mutual understanding and all that peace means.” UNDERWOOD. FIGHTS SENATE ONSLAUGHT ON 4-POWER PACT ] (Continued from First Page. numerical estimates, the republican and democratic floor leaders both re- mained confident last night that no reservation except that drawn by the foreign relations committes would be adopted, and that the treaty would have a safe majority on the ratifica- tion roll call. They declared that more than the necessary two-thirds had pledged themselves to support it. During the debate Senator Robin- son sald it appeared well understood that ending of the Anglo-Japanese alliance “actually” was on the confer- ence program. Mr. Underwood re- plied that this was not quite true, but that before the conference American newspapers generally had demanded that before America should enter any agreement to scrap or reduce its navy the alliance should be canceled. “The first information to me that something else was proposed to take its place,” Senator Underwood con- tinued, “came after the American delegation met.” jays Pact Means Peace. Senator Robinson asked whether if the American peopls understood that an alliance was contemplated between the four powers they would have approved of the treaty and of the secret negotiations. . “That s what this treaty does™ Senator Underwood replied. “Out- side of a oertain faction in this coun- try, the American people approve this treaty because it means peace.” Sepator Robinson sald his question had not been understood and said the fundamental question was whether the treaty constitutes an alliance or not. “I don’t think it is an alliance,’ Senator Underwood replied, “and I think the American people belleve it is not an alliance.” “If It's_not an alliance, what {s it?” Senator Robinson pressed. “There Is a great difference be- tween an_alliai nd a compact,’ Senator Underwood replied, stating that the former was “binding agreement” to follow a certain course, generally of force and arms, while an agreement to confer did not entail any obligation binding upon the pow- ers as to what course they should follow when meeting at a conference table. “This agreement does not bind any- body,” Senator Underwood continued. “It leaves all free to act when they take their places at the conference table. The unanimous consent of all must be obtained to y course.” Unanimity Challenged. Senator Robinson challenged the question of unanimity and cited that a differents construction had been placed by the Senate upon similar ferms in the Versailles treaty. Sena- | Mr. Underwood . tor Robinson asked if had any objections to a reservation explicitly requiring unanimous con- sent action. “It is not necessary,” sald Senator 35/ Bituminous Coal and the Strike ILL the strike minous coal? the user of bitu- It is said the Urniited Mine Workers are voting to strike solidly April 1st. When the match is struck it hard to forecast the fire's extent or du- ration. Bituminous coal, stocked now, is insurance. No insurance is a loss be- cause the emergency it covers doesn't develop. spread, hampered If labor difficulties are wide- production in any mines that do operate will elevate con- sumer coal cost. Price cannot be fore- cast. These are the facts, briefly, for the ,guidance of our patrons. J-‘Mauny Dove Company - COAL. "~ 1408 H St. NW. Underwood. “I will say candidly that I would regret if these greaties should be changed. I think %the po. sition that this :ov!rnment occupies before. the world because of the re- Jection of the Versailles treaty is most unfortunate. There is doubt 1 wminds of other governments whether \he United States can make an agreeme:t and be bound by ft. But I' think this treaty 18 of so grave importance I will not stand in the ‘way of any reservation that does not destroy the treaty's terms.” Senator Underwood added that, “in order that the American government may keep faith,” he was willing to accept the committes reservation de- claring that there was no alliance, “Our understanding can't control that of other nations,” Senator Rob- inson interjeted. “But It controls our attitude at the conference table,” Senator Underwood “Other nations know we are not bound until we give our consent.” Aggression Would Bring War. “Should there be an act of aggres- sion by an outside power and a con- ference be called,” said Senator Rob- inson, ‘“the first question to be an- swered would be by what means the situation would be met. The answer, of course, would be war. No one would think of answering an act of aggres- 1|sion any other way. If one party de- cides it Is not sufMiclently strong to rgRl the aggression alone, what is tife result? That two or more join their forces. Of course, this country could not go to war without a decla. ration of war by Congress, but, theless, the purpose of this ment is to give to each of the nations the scrength of all in the Pacific.” Asked by Senator Walsh, democrat, Montana, what particular power had been in view in the framing of article II, which provides for consultation in case of aggression by any “outside power,” Senator Underwood replied that in his opinion no particular power was feared and none would be ih any position to exert any aggres- sive measures in the Pacific for some time to come. r as the United States is con- added Senator Underwood, n - “Then would the senator agree to an amendment striking it out of the treaty?” asked Senator Walsh. triking Out Objected To. N said Mr. Underwood, “because we cannot know what effect the strik- ing out may have on the other signa- tory powers. They may regard it of some value. There is many a treaty containing provisions which are of no value to one of the signatories, but ‘which it accepts in order to secure othler articles which are of value to it.” Senator Walsh argued, nevertheless, that either the article must have been included with some particular power in view or else it “had no purpose ‘whatever.” Senator Underwood emphasized that the treaty's life was ten years and also declared that no power in that time could challenge the four prin- cipal nations. Senator Reed, democrat, Missouri, sald Russia had 4,000,000 men under arms, well officered, and ought not‘to be dismissed ligntly as & factor. Mr. Underwood replied that Russia was without funds, that her army was ‘‘not more than a mob” and had no real government “except that of terror.” Senator nce, republican, Maryland, argued that Russia had powerful resources. Quotes Prince Tokugawa. Senator Underwood quoted Prince Tokugawa to show that the Japancse kesmen did not tegard the treaty an alliance, but merely as an agrce- ment for conference. Senator Glass, Virginia, aske: meaningless s it is, “why should Japan led to give up the Anglo- alllance.” it is mesaningles: 1 H ! ‘Ow Artier JORDAN G St;xéet SENATE CONFEREES READY FORD.C. BILL Phipps Announces Intent to Seek Increase in Need- ed Items. Chalrman Phipps of the Senate con- ference committee on tae District ap- propriation bill has notified the confer- ence on the part of the House that the Senate conferees are ready to begin con- sideration of the bill early this week. Senator Phipps said last night that the first meoting of the conferees might be held tomorrow. He explained that ever since tiae pas- sage of the District bill several days ago the Senate conferees have n engag- ed on other appropriation biils and the, House conferees have also been en- gaged on other business. For those reasons, he said, it had been Impossible :u have a meeting up to the present me. Senator Phipps sald that it was the rpose of the Senate conferees to seek n every ible way to have retained in the bill the items for the increase of the water supply, the public schools, streets and public parks, particularly. He sald that the press of the District had done good service in their support of these items. ence and agreement,” spiritual feeling for pe: throughout the world. Senator Underwood spoke for more than two and a half hours to the largest audlence of senators which yet has attended the treaty debates and also the largest crowds of spcc- tators, fllling every seat and over- ficwing in lines into the corridors. In the diplomatic gallery was Lady As- quith, daughter of the former British premfer, d others from the diplo- matic corpi Representative Garrett of Tenne democratic floor leader in the Ho: and many House membe: o tol- lowed Senator Underwood's address. Regarded as Alliance. Pursuing his contention that the treaty is regarded as an alllance by the other parties to it, Senator Robinson read from a speech sald to have been made by Earl Gray, declaring that the Anglo-Japanese lliance had been ““merged” into the four-power arrange- ment. The Arkansas senator also read a statement he said been made by Prince Tokugawa just after his return to Japan, saying that “Japa not lost her old ally, but has gained new ones through the four-power treaty. ‘Taken in connection with the princ more recent statement, Senator Robin. son said, the the opinion previously cxpreseed showed a great facility to ckange positions. “There is only one man,” continued the Arkansas senator, “‘to whom I con- cede a greater ability to speedily re- adjust his interpretation to meet the exigencles of the situation, and that is the great Intellectual genius from Massachusetts, Mr. Lodge. No one can equal him.” Senator McCormick, republican, IIli- nois, interrupted to ask whether Sen- ator Robinson had forgotten “the state- ment of 1916 that ‘he kept us out of war.’” And Mr, Robinson retorted that Woodrow Wilson's place in history had been fixed beyond the power of the Senate or any other senator to materi- ally alter it. Efforts had been made, he added, to drag the former Presi- dent's name into the four-power treaty fight, but his enemies were welcome to all the price they could get out of at- tacking him. under a new prevaliing Baby Grand Piano Wee If Beethoven were here today how he would have enjoyed the re- sources of a Grand Piano—and what pleasures would have been his, were he to wander through the extensive display of -these beautiful instruments which fill our floors. Progress has made the piano the daily companion of all people. Every home can well afford one of these beautiful instruments. Whether you live in an apartment, a bungalow or a spacious home, you may rejoice in the possession of a Grand Piano, because we have all sizes and designs. No room too small to accommodate one of these magnificent instruments. Among Grand Pianos These Names Are 3 Synonymous With Beauty and Quality Tyon X i!azalp Lehning Lester FFrancis Bacon P1ANO N at 13te — A— The House.\ Tomorrow s District day, snd the Focht bill to regulate the busi- ness of pawnbrokers in the District is unfinished business. This bill would fix the rate of interest on loans over $35 at 2 per cent per month and 3 per cent on loans le than $35. This legislation has been awaiting action for some time, and was framed after extensive hear- ings. The Army appropriation, carry- ing drastic reductions from the recommendations of the budget bureau, is to be reported to the House tomorrow, and it is House Leader Mondell's plan to call it up for debate Tuesday, making it unfinished business for Thurs- day, Friday and Saturday, If neces- sary. Calendar Wednesday Tests with the committee on im- migration and naturalization, and the resolution “to admit certain aliens in exc! of the quots™ is to come up for consideration, ac- cording to Chairman Johnson. Legislative proposals for & com- plete new naturalisation codo, upon which the committee has been working for two years, were introduced yesterday. A feature of this measure is provision for Americanizsation education as urg- ed by Secretary Davis, new arrivals good cit! the red propagandists can get the call them. Probably the most important busing before the House this week {8 to recelve the b bill from the ways and committes. House Leader Mondell an airman Fordney protest that nothing has swerved them from their determination to bring this question up for quick action in the House a week from tomorrow. Chairman Lehlbach of the House committee on reform in the civil service introduced Friday the bill recommended by Fall to establish by lation the righ f “Vtrnmenl employes who would cut oft from retirement annuities under a ruling of the Attorney General. The Hou: cut to $1,000,000 by = vote of to 82, the appropria- tion for the purchase of seed grains for farmers in drough stricken regions of the northw ‘The committ had $2,000,000 and the Be: ed the bill providin, ‘This difference will have to b tled by compromise in confere: ‘The District lpproprllll:n‘ u Bacrlurf. t to conferenc will probab) ‘week because are engaged on hearings pre ratory to the drafting appropriation bills. evelopment of the oil and min. resources of Alaska Dby the Department of the Interior {s d in a bill introquced by Sutherland, who Proposas tion of §5,000,000 to begin wor Representative on Mills of New York was put on the ways and means committee Wedneadav, and Representatives [Murphy of Ohlo and Osborne o ifornia on th propriations committee. other Company THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 12, 1922—PART L T e T Ty ey Doing ' The Senate. The Senate will be requested to ®ive its attention to the four- power Paclfic treaty the coming week, to the exclusion of other business. The treaty was before the Senate a considerable part of last week, and it is the purpose of Chairman Lodge of foreign re- lations committes from now on to preas for action on the measure with as little delay possible. Both Benator Lodge and Senator Underwood, republican and demo- cratic leaders of the Senate, re- pectively, and both members of the American delegation, ad- dressed the Benate in explanation of the pact last week. A letter written by Secretary Hughes to Senator Underwood was read by the latter in the Senate, in which Mr. Hughes set at rest rumors as to the British or Japanese autho: ship of the four-power treaty by announcing that he wrote it with his own hand. 'he opposition to the treaty, lead by Senators Borah and John- son_on the republican side, and by Benators Reed and son on the democratic side, is expected to make itself rd at some length this week. The supporters of the treaty continue to insist that it will be ratified by more than the necessary two-thirds vote. The Senate last week passed the District appropriation bill, and that measure is now fin confer- H ence. The conferees have yet to hold their first meeting. They are expected to go to work on the measure early this week. The ate added approximately $3,- 560,000 to the House bill, making the total about $23,980,000. As passed by the Senate, the bill car- ries the Jones rider, doing away with any fixed proportion of the expenses of the National Capital which must be paid by the federal government. Under it, the rev- enues of the District will be first exhausted and then the federal overnment is to go down into ts pocket to pay whatever re- mains of the appropriations made by_Congr for the District. ‘The Senate also passed a de- ficlency appropriation bill, carry- ing & number of items for the Dis- trlct. the most important belng $26,000 for the repair of the Cal- vert Street bridge. ‘The rules of the Senate were ameénded, following a debate last- ing several days, so that here- after all the general appropriation bills will be referred to the Senate committee on appropriations. This meets the needs of the new budget system. ‘The District Commissioners have submitted to the District commit- a proposal to tax that t of the operating returns of the street railways in excess of 8 per cent, and not in excess of 7 per cent, on the valuation of the prop- erties, 50 per cent, and that in excess of 7 per cent, 75 per cent. ‘The proposal is designed to aid in forcing a merger of the two lines by bringing their dividend earn- ing capacity close fogether. The District committee tonsidered the Pproposition at a meeting Wednes- day and will take it up again this week. The Senate passed a bill to make employes in the civ'l service eligible to receive the benefits of the civil service retirement act The measure is Intended to meet a ruling by the Attorney General, under which, it is estimated, about 80,000 of the employes would not benefit under this act. The Cpmmerce and Labor ap- propriation bill was passed by the Benate 1 ‘week. The finance committee is con- tinuing its work of rewriting tariff bill. A bill providing that any cor- poration hereafter proposing to start & banking business in the District of Columbia must first ob- tain the approval and consent of the controller of the currency was passed by the Senate. CONGRESS SPLIT SEEN ON SHOALS Disagreement Between the House and Senate Looms Over Disposition. Disagreement between the House and Senate over disposition of the government's war-built properties at Muscle Shoals, Ala., was seen as a probability last night in some con- gressional quarters. Chairman Kahn of the House mili- tary affairs committee, which has jurisdiction for the House over the disposition of Alabama propertie took sharp issue with the propo of Chairman Norris of the Senate ag- riculture ' committee for creation of a government owned and controlled corporation to take over the projects. Declared Fallacy. Mr. Kahn said House members had seen many times “the fallacy of gov- ernment operation” and had railway merchant marine and telegraph op- eration by the government too strong- 1y in mind.| He reiterated his belief that the creation of a government commission, comprised of represent- atives of the Treasury, Agriculture and War departments, empowered to lease or sell the Muscle Shoals prop- erties was the logical solution of the problem. ‘The military committee, Mr. Kahn said, would call Secretary Mellon and Attorney General Daugherty to tes- | tify next week. The testimony of the cabinet officers, he explained, would be important in that it would give the committee first-hand information on the financial and legal phases of the Muscle Shoals question, which would be helpful in determining what action it could take with respect to clearing the way for final decision by the House. —_— Beans reach maturity twice as raj idly under electric light as in day- light alone. D, DEFICIENGY BILL PASSED BY-SENATE $137,000,000, Extra Appro< priation Carries $26,000 to Repair Calvert St. Bridge. Thé deficlency appropriation bill, car Tying $26,000 for the repair of the Cale vert street bridge and many other items for the District of Columbia, was passed by the Benate yesterday. The total carried by the bill is something above $137.000,000, or about $29,000,000 more than the House bill carried. The amendments to the bill providing for the District, recommended by the Senate appropriations committee, were adopted without debate. They included: Executive office, $3,000; contingent and miscellancous expenses, $4,000; public convenience statlons, $2.300; electrical department, $3,000; public schools, for fuel, $9,300; Police Court, compensation of jurors, $2,000; charities, Children's Hospital, $7,000; Eastern dispen: Casualty Hospital, $3.300; Munici lodging house, $1,000; heating offices an watchman's lodges, $500; National Z logical Park, §3,250; judgments, $2,436.26, The total increases for the District were $67.086.26, The principal item of increase was $27,468 for refunding taxes illegally cole lected. The Senate inserted an item of $97.« {703.44 for the adjudication of awards for land for Walter Reed Hospital. Another Senate amendment provide: $166,671.16 to pay the salaries of the officers and employes of the patent ef. fice from February 18, 1922, the date of the passage of the act to Increase th force and salaries in the patent offi to June 30,.1923, at the rate autho: by that act, in addition to the amo: under the old law. Fot the Washington Monument ag item of $1,000 is included. MISSIONARY WORK REVIEW ‘Home and Foreign Societies, M. E, Church, to Meet. Quarterly meetings of the Wema: Home and Foreign Missionary cietles of Washington district, M. Church, ars_to be held Wednesda: at Huuk ine Church, beginning at 10:8! o'clock. At the morning session, following reports_of officers, a sketch, lac] and White,” will be presented b Mrs. G. H. Fonken, Mrs. 8. R Camp« Yell and Mrs. J. Franklin Knotts Mrs. G. Ellis Willlams will report on “Mite Boxes.” Another lket% “Loose Leav to Lighten Leade Labors,” will be presented by Mrs, Hamlilton P. Fox. A linen show to ba given April 21 for the benefit of Sib- ley Hospital will be described by Mrs. William Paul. At the afternoon session the trease urers will make reports, as will Mrs. W. A. Haggerty, president of the Baltimore branch. Plans and prob- lems will be discussed by Mrs. Court F. Wood. The —and a All other models of VIC- TROLAS — the largest stock of lll-‘z:l finishes in city— from $25 up. The New Console Model ICTROLA nuine Victrola of THE NEW CONSOLE - DESIGN—this instrument is the last word in modern cabinet construction and em- sbodies all of #he new features of VICTOR SUPREMACY. GENUINE VI VICTROLA In a. Handsome Mahogany CONSOLE 100 The largest assortment of VICTOR RECORDS" IN WASHINGTON—Every new pium: CONSOLE MODEL 260 *160 latest product of THE VICTOR CO.— FREE! FREE! A Ufetime irantes of Ma‘afllmln‘um. 2 rt'; A SRR s | ARRANGED FROLL HERY e koty it in condition FREE. v No Washington’s Leading | INTEREST Victor Shop sl ber in our stocks. J