Evening Star Newspaper, January 21, 1922, Page 4

CHINA ASKED TO REDUCE EXCESSIVE ARMY FORCES The twenty ecmmittee on Pacific and far eastern questions was held yesterday after- nocn, January 1922, at 3:30 o'clock ih the Pan-American building. The chairman (Mr. Hughes) called the meeting to order and asked if any committee was ready to report. Senator Underwood said that when tza report of the committee on the cystoms tariff in China came before the full committee there was a rec- ommendation that a resolution be passed in reference to the disband- ment of certain. military forces in C:ina. It was referred back to the subcommittee with the uest that \he resofution be presented. He had h the approval of the members of he subcommittee, but there was a slight modification of it that the Chinese delegation desired, which he thought would meet with the ap- provai of the delegates. He said he vould read the resolutlon as orig- inally prepared and then the modi- fication. He first read the resolution. Army Cost Heavy. *“Whereas the powers attending this conference have been deeply im- pressed with the severe drain on the public revenue of China through the maintenance of excessive military forces in various parts of the coun- try; most of which are controlled by ta®- military chiefs of the provinces: “And whereas the continued main- gezance of these forces appears to be mainly responsible for China's pres- ent unsettled political conditions: w “And whereas it is felt that large | ions of these forces e the cause and economi hasten her and prompt reduc will not_only advarn China’s political unity development, will financial rehabilitatio 4 “Therefore, without any intention to fnterfere in the internal problems of China; but animated by the lesir2 to see China develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government alike in her ovn interes @nd in the general interest of trad “And being inspired by the spirir of this conference, whose aim is to re- duce, through the limitati»m of arma- ment the enormous disbursements which manifestly constitute the greater part the incumberance upon enterprise and national pros- perity: “It ix resolved: That gipress to China the mmedlate and effect be taken by the Chines: to reduce the aforesail » and expenditures. Offers Change in Wording. It had been sugges:el, senator Un- d@erwood said, by the hinese dele- gation, that instead of the first para- graph. the following paragraph should be substituted. his conference rnoss hope that steps may ‘Whereas the powers attending this eonference have been deep ed with the severe drain o: lic_revenues of China through the maintenance in various parts of the country of military forces, excessive in number, and controlled b tary forces of the provinces without co-ordination—" The rest of the resolution was to be unchanged. He pointed out that the substance of the paragraph was not changed, &nd suggested. the adoption of resolution with the amendment suggested by China. Sir Robert Borden said: “The resolution now presented was inspired by a sincere and earnest de- sire to aid the purpose of the Chinese people in establishing stable govern- me.t and in freeing the country from the incubus of excessive militarism The appointment of military gov ernors for the provinces which was initiated shortly after the inception of the republic_by the then presi dent, Yuan Shi Kai. has had an un fortunate effect and operation since his_death. “Ihe power of these governors has increased to such an extent that the cent>al government at Peking exer- clses very little control over a large pa. the count; In fact, military governors have become mili- tary dictators within their respective provinces or spheres of influence; recruit and maintain their own armies; they form among themselves and struggle for ascemdancy, and at intervals they dic- t2ie the persennel and policy of the central government. That government possesses very little authority in com- with tary governors and is only recognized mpre. the pub-) the mili- | .second meeting of the }be absorbed by other nations. | i Grafted a resolution which had met | MAY In my. judgment, they are more likely to ab- sorb than to be absorbrd’ The mere passive resistance of that vast nation of four hundred millions is- powerful to protect it. Out of the present dise orders will eventually arise a perma- nent system of stable goverpment and China will take her deserved and weil recognized place among the great powers of the world. ““This cannot be accomplished for China. by any other nation or group of nations. Fixternal beneficent influences may aid; but in the end the Chinese people must work out_ghetr own political salvation; there is abundant reason to believe that v can and will' accomplish this. “In the meantime it is-the duty of other { nations. and that duty has- been exem- i plified in the work of this conference. 0 lend a helping hand wherever that be possible to remove hampering resirictions as soon.as practicable and to give every assistance and encourage- ment for the political regeneration of this illustrious people.” Chinese St Unchanged. Mr. Koo said that, with reference to the subject of the resolution which Sen- ator Underwood had: presented to’the committee, the views of the Chinese delegation had been stated at a previous meeting, when it was brought up for consideration. He and his colleagues had no new observationa to, affer: the chairman of the subcommittee on Chinese tariff had stated, an amend- ment had been suggested which was merely a change of form without modify- ing the original draft of the resolution; this amendment had been suggested by the Chinese delegation only to meet the difficultiex brought up by one of the delegations. With regard to Sir Robert Borden's re: marks, Mr. Koo wished to express in the name of the Chinese delegation a deep appreciation of the spirit animating them. ~ Sir Robert Borden’s serene faith in the Chinese people and in the future of China. only confirmed the understand- ing of the Chinese delegation of his familiarity with the sentiments of the people of China. The chairman then asked the com- mittee whether, having heard the re- port of the subcommittee recommend- ing the adoption of thia resolution and the clear and admirable state- ment made by Sir Robert Borden, re- lating to conditions in China, setting forth the reasons for the adoption of the resolution, they were ready to proceed to act. said, was in the form ‘which had been circulated, with the exception of | reference. But, of course, it Was not|arprangement, the first paragraph of the recitals, and that had been amended to read as follows: ‘Whereas the powers attending this nference have been deeply impress- enue of China through the main- ce in various parts of the coun- try of military forces, excessive in number and controlied by the mili- tary hiefs of the provinces without co-ordination. Renolution Unanimously Adopted. The rosolution, as thus amended, was unanimously adopted. The chairman said that the next matter that might be considered by the committee was the resolution, copies of which had been distributed, | concerning_publicity with respect to matters affecting the political and other international obligations China, and of the several powers in relation to China. This resolution had been prepared by technical ad- visers, and was intended to present, for the consideration of the commit- tee the matters which were to some oxtent discussed at the last meeting. He then read the proposed resolu- tion, as follows: Draft resolution on the tabling of existing commitments. The powers represented in this con- ference, considering it desirable that there should hereafter be full pub- | ‘icity with respect to all matters af- fecting the political and other inter- ! national obligations of China and of the several powers in relation to na, are agreed as follows: 1. The severa] powers will at their earliest convenience fille with the secretariat-general of the conference for transmission to the participating powers a list of all treaties, conven. tions. exchange of notes, or other in. ternational agreements, which they m: have with China, or with any other power or powers in relation Chis combinations | to China, which they deem to be still in force and upon which they may de- sire to rely. In each case, citations will be given to any official or other publication in which an authorative text of the documents may be found. the power of the mili- |In any case in which the document may not have been published, a copy by the latter in so far as it suits|of the text (in its original langu: tZe.r interests. tinied in force for several years. al thc.gh it is entirely alien to the habits a; peopie. D to the present there has been an wniort ¢azacity as would establish a strong and. stable central government and bring ghe couniry once more under its affaczive direction and control. For such 2 purpose the provision of great revenues or the placing of large £unds at the disposal of a weak ad- ministration is So long as the military governors re- tain their present dominating au- thority and influence, such financial resources would probably be absorbed 0 a very great extent by these mili- &=y chiefs instead of being employed to cut down their power. Zatimate 1.000,000 Under Arms. “Exact accuracy in any statistics of military forces and expenditure in ©hina at the present time cannot be expacted; but reasonable estimates ‘place the total number of men under arms at not less than one million: at least the pay roll probably includes *hat number. It is confidently as- serted that more than half,of the total revenues of the country are mployed in the unkeep of these forces. They have not been raised for he defense of the country against ion; on the contrary; - ‘maintained - for the war, and when on service they are fighting against their own countrymen en- listed under the banner of some other military chieftain In one province. which is said to be exceptionally 1 governed by a man who devotes his whole atten- tion to the welfare and prosperity o his_district. a considerable militar: t of itself effective. i ! Secretariat-general of the conference. Every treaty or other international nd_ traditions of the Chinese |agreement of the character indicated shall hereafter be notified to the powers here represented withia sixty nate lack of such organizing|(60) days of its conclusion. Would List Contracts. 2. The several powers will file with the secretariat-general of the confer- ence at their earliest convenience for transmission "to the participating powers a-list, as nearly complete as may be possibe, of all those contracts between their nationals, of the one part, and the Chinese government or any of its administrative subdivisions, 3t the other part, on which. their re- spective governments propose to re- Iy, which Involve any concession, franchise, option or preference with respect to railway construction. min- ing. forestry, navigation, river con- servancy, harbor works, reclamation, electrical communications, or other public works or public services or for the sale of arms or ammunition, or which involve either a lien upon any f the public revenues or properties of the Chinese central government or of the several provinces, or a finan- cial obligation on the part of that government or of the province ex- ceeding one million dollars silver | side it was a government contract; it | was to be disch There shall be, | was a government contract in rela- | Well as by any (peinyang $1.000,000). in the case of each document so list- | ed. either a citation to a_published text or a copy of the text itself. Every contract of the character in- dicated shall hereafter be mnotifled to the powers here represented within sixty (60) days of its conclusion. Baron Shidehara thought that the general idea of this resolution would no doubt be of great value to all con- cerned. but the practical side of the matter must also be considered. The force maintained as a necessity to jtexts of a great many treaties and his prestige comstruction of excellent roads. that province the progress an In s made to do duty in the [other international agreements be- tween Japan and China weve in the ad- | Japanese and Chinese language. They vagcement of the people are said to}had been published from time to time beiquite_remarkable, and they give in'the Official Gazette of the Japanese an_illustration of what the Chinese |government, but no authentic trans- pedple may accomplish goyernment. “*The forces enlisted under the va- under good |lation had as yet been made. Mr. Mac- Murray’s book contained translations of most of these documents, but these riows military chieftains are said to!could not be regarded as authorities regard their military duties as en- or official. So far as the Japanese tirgly occupational. and it is believed j delegation was concerned, therefore, th pt employment in the construc t of railways, highways and other- they would be quite ready to|they could only give citations from MacMurray or any other compilation in English or French on the under- wise, provided the arrears in their|standing that these translations were pey were made good. he weakness, and. indeed, the im pogency, of the central government, 80 far as a great portion of the coun- tryf is concerned. must necessarily be & atter of concern to the other pow. ers The Chine: a_high _civilization of its characteristi which, 80 in no way to be regarded as authori- tative. Difficulties Are Show: In .the second place, Baron Shide- hara continued, the Japanese dele- people have devel-|gates here had a general knowledge in|of the important contracts concluded affords a|between Japanese nationals and the notable lesson to the nations of the |Chinese government or lqocal authori- wegt. They have behind them cen- tudes of splendid traditio a.!elopmem of art and of literature. i Period of Transition. t present they are passing ugh a period of transition from autocratic rule of an ancient ty to the development of ad- th th, ties coming under the head of article a great |II of the draft resolution, but they had not at hand the full text of these con- tracts, nor was there any legal means of compelling individual firms or cor- porations to produce the texts of these contracts; hence ‘practically the ex- eeution of article I seemed to requfie an act of legislation, so far as J; 5z¥:d democratic institutions. There | was concerned, to compel each firm 0 occasion for surprise that, un-lgr corporation to notify the der these circumstances, the condi- tions to which I have alluded should | was completed. It might rather have|gapction it was i have arisen. panese government whenever such a contract Without such legal mpossible to unde: been anticipated that the disorders|iake that gll contracts should be no- and the instability would have been more pronounced. tified to the powers within sixty days But among all the|of their conclusion. Baron Sllgehaz:: tumult and the fluctuations attending | gaid he would like to know the views the development of democracy China, the attachment of the people in {of the committee on this subjeet. The chairman said that he under- to the soil and their untiring indus- | <tood that there were two points pre- try have remained unchanged. sented. The first was in relation to “One might adapt the words of 2 lthe first article of the resolution. It well known quotation: “They hear the lerlonl thunder past, ‘Taen plunge in toil again. was said that the translations found in MacMurray's and other compila- tions might not be accurate and the “Netwithstanding the present con-|Japanese government did not desire, 310 one fear (;'x.- the future }in rahm‘nox to the page, people. has some- [pilation, hought that they wouldigarded as authentic. ,0f the com- translation re- He supposed hsve the Asi. 2| T " INPERSAG PN and Drop Ottiers Wit Year’s Pay. Elimination from. the military serv- ice of inefficient officers would reduce| the War Department's annual pay roll approximately $3.400,000, Gen. Pershing yesterday informed the House military committee. To provide retiremerit pay for of- ficers of considerable service and one {yuar's pay- for younges otficers dron- lv-—d would necersitate. an expunditure of approximately $2,000,000, - making ithe net saving for the first year about | 1$1,500,000. the chlef of staft declared. By discharging inefficient .officers of m.h.;'r rank u,o{nlo,or;n w:‘)‘u‘l&:“:: lopped off the pay roll, the col was_informed, and appointment of needed second lieutenants at lower salarics would: cost about $600,000 in pay. . - “Plucking Boarnd” Needed. Before ineffictent - officers: can be elimiated. legislation providing for & “plucking board" and, for, re- tirement payments to dischar: cers would have to be enacted; ‘Gen. Pershing said. Plans outlinsd. committee call for discharge of 00, officers tu. bring the af strength down to 12,000, later to b built up to 14,000, i wun. Al x ok e War Department's purposo, . to “ruthlessly kick officers.out of the service. :to. the | t . it was not thel' President Harding Ambassndor Jusserand eongratulate Capt. Fred “We should permit those not noeded Kochie of the #7th Biviston, on whom the Krench goversment Bax just to retire,” he declared. have been in service for a number of years should be granted gllowances based on length of service. , This. it is estimated, wouid cost about: $800,- 000 annually. Younger officera should be granted one years pay. This -would cost $1,200,000.” — that in any case in which the atten- tion of the Japanese government had been directed to a mistranslation it The resolution, he{would not be averse to calling atten-|neqistible force. tion thereto in connection with the cond - resolution, that they should' finish with that resolution, and there- fore, although he bad something he would like to say to his colleagues on the first resolution, he would not say it until the discussion on the second resolution had terminated. Wants China’s Part Kxplicit. On the second resolution he would observe only this: stated. Mr. Balfoar thought, with ir- that China must arty to this general make herself a he was sure China L'} ‘The chairman had “These who | bentowed, through Ambassador Jusserand, the medal of the Legion of Homor. sumed—would give an important guarantee, 50 far as the acquisition of the information was concerned, because it would always be the gov- ernment of China, or a political sub- division of China, that would be con- cerned in the contracts in question. Invelves Public Etilities. ‘With respect to the point that this might involve transactions that were relatively small, it would be observed that they were transactions of the | class enumerated in - the resolution and that their character was such desired that there should be any Un-|yoyid be quite ready to do: but if as to make it important that th necessary inconvenience, and in. case that at any time it were found that there was some error in the publish- od transiation he supposed that an He saw no reasom why the reference to translations should not be subject to any correction that might be found necessary. Answers Second Point. The second point related to the sec- ond paragraph of the resolution, and was in substance that the Japanesa |government might not be fully ad- vised of the contracts of the character described between their nationals and ithe Chin government or its ad- ministrative divisions. There wera cortaln qualifications in the resolu- tion itself with respect to the con- tract to be disclosed; they were to be contracts on which the respective governments proposed to rely; they Were contracts which involved fea- tures in which the governments had some interest, or on which they de- |sired to place reliance. That is to say, {he assumed that they were contracts| which were in accord with some na- tional policy which it was desired to support. ‘The other | | qualification was that list should be as nearly complete :‘;amlnf:m be possible. When he sug- gested the substance of the resolu- tion on the previous day he took the liberty of saying that it was to in clude contracts either between thc | governments, or in which the gov- iernments had an interest, or of which |they had knowledge. Of course, it was not intended that a government; should be charged with the duty of | putting in the list a contract to which It was not a party, in which it {did not have an interest, and of which jit_had no knowledge. ‘He assumed that in providmg the lis® it would be tantamount to an assurance that the governments had made it as complete as possible. He did not think there would be found anyghing impracticable in . this plan when carried out wtih the gurpose in- i dicated, namely, to have gqvernments in good faith state what they knew with regard to contracts of the class i This system has con- | or languages) will be filel with the | deéscribed. . Refers to Specinl Interests. There was, however, a differant sit- uation in connection with the second paragraph of article 1I; at least, he wished to suggest the point to the committee, that it might be con- sidered. Of course, whenr the plan was adopted. it would be generally Now, what were the con- tracts to which the second ariicle applied? were concessions, franchiges, or preferences with respect to railway construction, mining, forestry, navigation, river conservancy, harbor works, reclama- tions, electrical communications, or other public works or public services, or for the sale of arms or munitions, or which involved either liens upon any of the public revenues or prop- erties of the Chinese central govern- ment or of the several provinces, or financial ooligations on the part of that government or of the provinces exceeding $1.000,000 silver ‘They were contracts or concessions of the character described. between the na- tionals of a government on one part and the Chinese government or any of its administrative subdivisions on the other In other words, from the Chinese tion to these classes of works of & jyery important character. Of course, | i with the information that this policy jhad been adopted, which could hardly fail to come to the attention of any concern seeking a concession or con- jtract of this sort from the Chinese ‘xovernment or its political subdivi: sions, he supposed that it might well be understood that the governments of the nationals concerned would be informed. if it were to be expected that they would later diplomatically support the undertaking. Also, as had just been pointed out to him, there was a further point that should be mentioned; the govern- ment whose natfonals were concerned. as well as the other governments rep- resented at this confcrence, would be at once informed by China of the making of the contract. So he feit that, so far as the future was con- cernle:, :nftr! Japenese - colleagues ‘would not be in a danger of taken by wnwlle.y g ;fls:-’-t Legal Contracts, ron idehara said that perhaj he had not made his meaning gntlre?; i i clear. There might be some contracts of the nature specified in article II of whick the Japanese govefnment had at present mo knowledge, but with regard to which questions might later arise. If these contracts were legitimate the Japanese government ' would have to support them. Ac-| cording to ‘this article each power: s ag nearly com as possible. A LIS ment “would do everything in fts: power to supply such a liat, but it could not guarantee that this. would be complete. He also wished to call attention to the fact that the first paragraph of article II specified that the several powers were to flle with the secretary gemeral of the confer- - ence, at thel rearliest convenience, for | transmission to the participating powers a list, as nearly complete as might be possible, of all those con- tracts between their nationals, ete., while the second paragraph of this same article did pot contain such a limitation, Mr. Balfour sald that the two reso- lutions that the chairman had placed before the committee, although, of course, they were closely allied in subject matter, really dealt with different points. All the discussion so far, he thought, had taken place at the initiative of the Japaness dele- gation upon the uwn.d“ dnmlullo‘:.. and nothing hfd n upon. first. Perhaps it '-h::ll be eunut as-the committes had begun with that was to be the understanding he thought it was an understanding that sHfould be embodied in the document itself and that the committee should i ed with the severe drain on the public|iymediate correction could be made.}gxpiicitly throw upon China as well ' as upon the other powers the obliga- tion of taking its fair share in this affort toward publicity, which would do so much. he felt, in the future to purify the whole of these commercial or semi-commercial transactions. Mr. Balfour asked if he might make one further observation on this sec- ond_paragraph. It aimed at giving publicity to every traneaction which was over a million dellars in amount. He belicved the ordinary practice of the British legation in Peking and of British subjects was that these last should notify the legation or the for- eign office of all transactions of the kind they were dealing with. though there was no written law upon the subject. he imagined that a British_national who did not in- form the British legation that he was making a contract would not expect that legation to give him any diplo- matic support should any question on it _arise thereafter. Wr Raltour said he would like to ask whether that wholesome rule ought to require that publicity be given to the terms of relatively small vrunsac:ions. He took it that a mil- ilars. when great contractors » Acalt with, and a great government, counted among the small- <. buausac.dons of commerce, and was not a fact that commercial men did not always wish to have the pre- cisie terms of their contracts known® —not necessarily because there was anything discreditable about them, or nything of which thex might be in the least ashamed, but because they might ccncelvably involve some in- formation with regard to the prices at which they were prepared to trans- act business which might be incon- venient in the conduct of their affairs. Wounld Ask Others to Sign. Mr. Balfour hoped that with re-| gard to this second paragraph—and this observation applied also to the first—the committee ‘would add two provisions to this whole contract. One he had already referred to. He thought the committee should throw upon China her fair share- of the legitimate obligation. and he felt something more sbould be dome: he felt that, as had been donme in many previous cases, nations not repre- sented around this table should be asked if they would agree to the final form in which this document might be embodied. He had no doubt, that that was the Intention of the American delegation. He thought it should be put in black and white, and he did not doubt that that ac- corded_with their general policy. Mr. Balfour said that he had one or two things to say upon the first question, but he reserved those, if he might, until a later time. The chairman sald that it was the intention that China _should, of course, take her share in this obli- gation, and that should be expressed. He was advised by the drafters that this_was the intention of the draft in the words “powers attending this conference,” but when the language was examined closely it was found to relate, in the first paragraph, to agreements which the powers might have with China or with other pow ers in relation to China. It should be specifically stated that this duty of communication was a duty which | go: ged by China, as other power concern- ed. Of course, the agsumption of that bligation by Chi gougt that it wogld be readily as- S N e — GEN. AGUINALDO COMING TO UNITED STATES| The Japanese govern- . Al- of | i transactions should be known. They concorned | what were commonty called public services or public utili- ties. It might be that, under this resolution as drafted, the last clause *“Or which involve either a lien upon any of the public revenues or t properties of the Chinese central gov- | ernment or of the several provinces, or a financial obligation on the part John W. Davis Appeals for Action Based on Past American Policies. By the Associated Press. NEW: YORK, Jsnuary 2L—Urging that the Supreme Court of the United States has demonstrated to the world the pas- sibllity of avoiding intersectional strife and bloodshed by the i) al adminis- tratlon of justice, John W. Davis, former solicitor general of the United States and am| of St. James, last night appealed to the N Siate Bar Association to belp America take her place “by: the side of the pel manent court of international justice. The association, which yesterday be- gan Its anoual convention here, also heard addresses by Dr. ~Rokuichiro Mausujima of Tokio, president of the In- ternational Bar Association, and others. - Cases Already Settled. . Duvis, enwmerating instances in which the Supreme co?n‘n haa settled diaputes tates and nations or sovereignties, con- vd: How far do we as a nation believe tha our experiment in the administra- tion of international justice under judi- | cial is worthy ef imitation? To what extent are we willing to make a like attempt in wider flelds? ¢ i More than a score of times in our n. tional life have we submitted disputes with foreign powers to judieial arbit- rament. Again and again our legisia- tive bodies and our chiefs of state have declared themselves in favor of what President BcKinley called ‘the leading feature of our foreign policy threughout our entire national history—the adjust- ment of our difficulties by Judicial meth- is rather than force of arma.’ ‘Let us speak plainly 't~ ome an- other. Discussions of the foreign re- latjons of the United States have cut to the quick in'the last three years; they have touched many on the raw. | Without design to apportion either praise or is it not true that much thinking during that time bas been colored by prejudice. and many :::orlnces have been inspired.by/pas- 2, 5 i L s and forelgn “Realism Must Prevail.” Perhaps it is inherent in democracy | that emotion shall play a large part in popular decision. But soon or late passion and partisapship must have i their day, and realism—the only real- ism that is lasting—reaMsm that is {inspired by great ideals amd lofty i purposes—must come into its own. {"“If we, the fathers, have eaten sour grapes, let not our children's teeth be thereby xet on edge. When the hour of calm reflection strikes, who NEW' CONFERENCE IS PLANNED TO.DISCUSS RULES OF WARFARE. The Washingtoyt canference will be asked to pass a.resolution providing for a-future’ thtgrnsticnal sonfer- A resolution providing- for- such a conference s _been prepared subcomruittes’ "amf gt 1s ":;y.. dordance * with’ & ‘isfon reached somie time ago bY a subcommittes on the rules of warfares' ¥ ; The decislon of the draft subcom- miitee for a future conference was reached after a canvass of sentime: among the delogatss, which subcom.- mittee mombers said sasured final ac- :’pu lwo; th.“ The proposal Vi e ave cdome from American Although. on the agenda of the t|in 2] 5, L ig present conferente it was f6und thire wa ter conference shall be issued b¢ the American government, and while th. place of meeting was not definitel decided upon, it seeméd to be the un- deratanding that Washington should be selected. The resolution contemplates selec tion of two representatives of eaci of the five great powers represented the present conference, whose ‘lames would be announced within ‘¢0 months after the close of the Dyesent conference. These ten delegates would be em- powered to extend ipvitations 1o other powers to participate. 1 pANDI T-PROOF. CARS CARRY i i By the Asnociated Press. NEW YORK, January 21.—Chicago mail last night was loaded for the first time into new, bandit-proof con- tainer cars, introduced by the New York Central lines for economic, swift and safe transportation of freight, express and mail matter in less than carload lot: These cars were developed by the road. After satisfactory tests, the government, beset by mall bandits, contracted for use of the cars in thi regular mail service. | “The containers were locked at the | general post of Then they wers taken to the statlon on motor rucks lifted by cranes and lowered into grooves on the container cars. * Loaded, the cars looked like a solid PLAN MEMORIAL . TODEAD LEADER Legion Committee Votes to ‘Honor Memory of Com- mander Gabraith. By the Associated Press. _ INDIANAPOLIS, January —Con- struction of a memorial in Cincinnati to the late F. W. Galbraith, jr.. former . MAIL QUICKLY AND SAFELY block of steel safes set inside tecting steel ends and slides equipped Wwith & device which makes it impos- sible to open the container doors while in transj Railroad officials said the time-sav- ing container method would enable post office authorities to deliver mail for the northwest several hours earlier than heretofore. Motor trucks | Will meet the New York train at | Chicago, transport the ocontainers |across town to another railroad termi- {nal and make it possible for the northwest mail to be on the second i1ap of its journey with less than an [ hour’s delay. An eastbound container car left Chicago yesterday morning |for New Yark. In the eastbound serv- | ice mail for foreign countries will be pluced aboard outgoing ships the same morning of its arrival here. FATE OF FARMERS INBANKERS HANDS | iGov. McCray Says Ruin Lies Ahead if Aid Is Un- provided. | | By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, January 21—Unless 1 bankers of the country rally ta il ald of the farmers in the present ne of that government or of the prov-|will deny that the place of America|Bational commander of the American riog of depression, the agriculturai inces silver.” would Bring into the purview of the article other contracts than those of the nature of public services or public utilities. It might, he added, perhaps be sufficient in such cases that the nature of the contract should be indicated and the text be supplied only upon request. However, the matter was submitted for discussion. His own thought was that whatever was a govermmental transaction of the sort described on the part of |he werds “on which thelr respective | e China or its subdivisions should known, and in some w provision should he made to that effect. | " The point with regard to China's [obhgullnn might be met in this way: | the suggestion had been made to him, which he was glad to present for the ! consideration of the conference, that ;& third paragraph be added to cover ! point in these words: III. The Chinese government un- dertakes to notify promptly, in the manner 1aid down in this agreement. every treaty, agreement or contract * of the character pwhich has been, or may hereafter be, concluded by that government, or by any local authority in China, with any foreign power, or the nationals of any foreign power, whether a party to this agreeme: or not, so far as tl information is in its possession. Suggests Slight Chamge. He supposed the first and second paragraphs should have after the { words “the several powers the ad- dition of the words “other than China," so that they would read: several powers, other tha 1L at their earliest conven- . The several powers, other than {China. will file with the secretariat- Keneral = * e i And then the third paragraph as { recomm | duty by China. He added that it was quite in accord with the inteution of. the American delegation that the ad~ herence of other powers should be asked. Baron de Cartier asked whether it { was intended to set a time limit du iing which the agreement would re- main in_force. | The chairman answered that until i it was changed by consent of all the i signatory powers it would continue indefinitely. Mr. Balfour said there was a very ! amali_point, but he thought it was ‘3f some importance. He asked the ommittee to turn to page twe, th | words “on wRich thelr respective go' | ernments propose to rely.” ~Those words were repeated from the first | paragraph. In the first paragraph that was clearly appropriate, because the first paragraph related to con- tracts between governments and, lhcr:{on. it was right to use those words, { He was not quite sure that he saw i their significance in the second para- graph. This paragraph dealt with | contracts between companies or indi- viduals and the Chinese government. Now, it was rather hard to ask the rnment of which conatractors were the nationals to decide before- . hand that the; 'ways meant to support the contractor. In fact, he was not quite sure that he knew exactly what the meaning of to |Saturday, . JEnuary indicated herein - nded—the assumption of the | iof international justice, to which, b: example and precept, she bas been great contributor? { _ Dr. Masujima spoke on i national Bar Association.” urging that state associations of this country join the international body, which, he sald, {aiready in well organized in the astern hemisphere. | 1 governments propose to rely” was in relution to a private contract. If a man made a contract to build a cer- tain section of raflway, this was on the face of it a legitimate transaction and his government would prol support him. But why should his gov- ernment be required to insist upon it even if it was a legitimate con- tract? He was not sure but what it would be better to omit the words. Would Omit Words. The chairman asked whether Mr. Balfeur would suggest an amendmen! Mr. Balfeur said he weuld just omit those werds. Baron Shid said tbat if the new article lu{(el!od by the chair- . man were adopted, he did not under- i'stand why it was necessary to wain- tain article 2. The Chinese govern- | ment being party to these contrac t would be in the best poasible po tion to know of their existence, and tion, it would not be necessary for the other governments to repeat the same information. Mr. Hanihara said that as stated by Baron Shidebara. the Japamese dele- i gation was in entire accord with the general purposes of the resolution, ibut. as regards the proper form which fthe latter should take, there were, he !pelieved, several points which might require careful comsideration. While disclaiming any desire to delay the progress of the conference, he asked whether it would be agreeable to the chair to give time for further study 1 { i i ! He had himself only received the draft in question just before he had entered ithe committee room, and had had no time to consult with his colleagues. This in no way precluded their en- tire agreement, but, for his own part, he would appreciate the opportunity to familiarize himself with the mat- ter. This appeared to be one of con- siderable importance to Japanese in- | terests, and. without agy idea of keeping commercial transactions se- cret, there were certain points af- fecting private contracts which must be duly considered. Given Time te Deeide. The chairman sald that perhaps it would suit the convenience of the |committee if the resolution with the ithird article that had been proposed 1 were to be distributed. In that amend- !ed form the resolution would be pre- sented for consideration. If the dele- gates, considering this draft during the interval before the mext meeting. reached the conclusion that amend- ments were desired, they should formulate the amendments 30 that they might be propo: and dealt with. Most ef the questions that had been considered were questions re- lating to the substance of the matter and he thought should be considered by the full committe One amendment suggested by Mr. Balour was the omission of the words in the second article, “on which their re‘sp,c:tvo governments propose to rely.” Another amendment which had not been formulated,: but which appar- ently would meet with acceptance, was that the .provision should be made for adherence by other powers. The question might be considered as to whether the proposed agree- ment on the part of China in the third paragraph would answer the purpose entively. He supposed that there would be no reason for putting the whole ebligation upon China. He supposed that the other powers, if they were advised of the :ements, could easily give the required notice; of course, they would not be expected to give potice. as he had already said, of what they did not know. Also, as suggested by Mr. Balfour, this dealt with agreements with local govern: ments. It would be- desirable that full information should came from all the sources available. Qbligation Not Speeific. remarked that in the second. para: s of articles I and II it was not specified upon whom rested the obligation to make the communica- tion, mor was it said by means of what body the powers were to be That body could. certainly secretariat general of the conference, &s the phs re- ferred to concern future documents and the secretariat general seemed to be destined to dissppear with the con- ference itselt. = The chairman sald that their col- league of the Netherlands was quite right in his construction of the pro- P artiele. 'The provision for fil- ing with the. secretariat general wai siniply with referemce to the imme. diate filing, as soon as might be done, of existing treatiea and conventions. ‘The second paragraph had relation to future action, treaties and agree- ments, after the conference had adjourned. The purpese, of cours was that the several powers were to with the duty of notifica- that could be more clearly commites then adjourned until ExH 1 nlr.‘,".”.. at 11 jo'clock a.! if it undertook to supply the informa- | and oonsideration of the resolution. An appropriation of $25,000 for the | site overlooking the Ohio river, was authorized. The committee designated October 16 to 20 as the dates for the { fourth annual convention, which is to { be held in New Orleans. The first day of the conference of | departmental officers. who assembled esterday morning, 5s'ueuulon of the plight of disabled iweorld war veterans and plans for their relief. The United States Veterans' Bureau unius F. Lynch clared the trouble was not so much with the bureau, but that the bureau left too much ia the hands of i Brig. Gen. President Hard- iing’s personal physician. Gen. Saw { yer was charaeterized by the speakers as a man_“who had not donned the Army uniform until two vears after | the armistice was signed® Urges Clalm Settlement. _A resclution was adopted calling on fhe federal government to exert al #s facilities in behalf of disabled vet- erans and demanding an immediate settlement of long pending claims. The veterans’ bureau should consider induction into the service proof of {sound mental and physical condition iof applicants for compensation, the resolution said. Speakers supporting {was | of proof of impaired health is now placed upon the applicant regardle: of the fact that service doctors ad- mitted him into the Army or Na Other resolutions adopted author- ized National Commander Hanford MacNider to appoint an athletic com- mission to arrange a national system of competition between legion athlet teams, requestwd the Navy Depar {ment to investigate reports of dis- crimination against ex-service men in employment at navy yards, and asked the War Department to retain the American cemetery at Bony. France, who fought on the British front are buried. National Commander MacNider out- lined to the conference this morning his plans for a census of ex-servis persons to determine their financi: jneeds and their attitude regarding ad- justed compensation. i Promises to Ald. i Charles R. Forbes. director of United ! States Veterans' Bureau, who appear- | ed before the conference, promised the lofficlals assembled that he would im- mediately place in effect orders which ‘will expedite the adjudieation of com- pensation claims. According to Mr. Forbes t‘le bureau receives 60,000 letters a day, all ha ing to do with the claims of ex- service men. “The man who preceded me in this work is seriously ill from overwork and the burden of this great task,” sald the director. At the close of his talk Mr. Forbes said that he would not leave Indian- apolis until he had satisfactorily threshed out the problems of the dis- abled veterans with the American Le- gion nation: rehabilitation - com- mittee. CAN SURVIVE MURATORE, SAYS OPERA OFFICIAL “His Name Never Filled House,” States Association Head—Mary Garden to Lead. = By the Assoclated Press. CHICAGO, January 21.—Mary Gar- den positively will direct the Chicago Grand Opera Company next year, “no Bism: foreigner will be allowed to interfere with the company's welfare,” Samuel Insull, head of the new Civic Opers |G Association, which handles the com- pany, declared in a statement di cussing _the recent resignation of Lucien Muratore, tenor, and reports that other singers might ravolt against Miss Garden’s management. “Muratore made a grandstand play in resigning and got & lot of pub- licity,” Mr. Insull said. “He has never done anything for the company, his name has never filled the house and he has not given value received for the high salary paid him through the generosity of the Harold McCaormicks. The ocompany can easily survive Muratore.” Mr. Insull explained that Miss Gar- den had been elected was devoted to! -1 McCray said, and stated that the resolution stated that the burden! where a large number of Americans | xceeding one million dollars |1 by the side of the permanent court| Legion, has been authorized by the'interests may face ruin in the near Y |tegion’s national executive committec. | future, Gov. Warren 7T. McCray of In- i diana said last night in an address at ““The Inter- | memorial, which will be built on aithe annual midwinter dinner of the Hlinois Bankers® Association. | The government has been doinx {what it can and must do more in the {future, Gov. McCray said, and asserted that ail other interests must combin to assist agriculture, which he de scribed as the country’s basic indux- i try, on which 62 per cent of the popu- {lation depend directly or indirectiy i for a livelihood. The War Finance Corporation in giving financial aid to the farmer has probably averted a coru paic, Gov. T { had not been for the psychological ef- fect of government ajd, corn today would be selling_for 10 or 15 cent less a bushel. Government financial assistance has heiped to Kkeep the market from being flooded, but this is only the first step. he said. A market must be found for the tremendous lsurplus grain stocks, the governor asserted. Gov. McCray also advocated the abolition of the 'tax-exempt securities and the adoption of the sales tax as ways in which the government can help restore normal conditions. THE WEATHER District of Columbia—Generaliy cloudy tonight and tomorrow:; slight- 1y colder tonight, lewest temperature about 28 degrees: moderate north- west and west winds. Maryland—Cloudy tonight and to- morrow: slightly colder tonight: mod- ‘erate variable winds, becoming west |and northwest. Virginia—Cloudy tonight and 1o- morrow; somewhat colder tonight: moderate west and northwest winds. West Virginia—Cloudy and some- i what colder tonight; tomorrow cloudy. Records for Tweaty-Four Hours. Thermometer—4 p.m., 42; § p.m., 12 midnight, 39; 4 am,, 35; 8 am, 34: noon, 39, Barometer—4 p.m., 30.32; 12 midnight, § a.m., 29.97; noon, 2: Highest temperatu at 4 p.m. yesterday. Lowest temperature, 33, occurred at 6 am. today. Temperature same date last year- Highest, s4: lowest, 34. Comdition of the Water. ‘emperature and _condition of the water at 8 am.: Great Falls—Tem- perature, 36 degrees; condftion, slight- ly muddy. 30.32; 8 pm. 26; 4 a.m., 30.¢ " 43, occurrea Tide Tables. (Compiled by United States coast and : geodetic survey.) Today—Low tide, 8:56 a.m. and 9:10 p.m.; high tide, 2:28 am. and 3:06 p.m ‘Tomorrow—Low tide, 9:54 a.m. and 10:39 p.m.; high tide, 3:26 am. and 4 pm. The Sun and Meo! Today—Sun rase, 7:23 a.m.; sun sets, :16 p.m. Tomorrow—Sun rises, p-m. :23 a.m.; sun 1:39 a.m.; sets, 12:27 p.m. lamps to be lighted one- thalf hour after sunset. Weather in Yariows Citfes. “3op9mioani] Stations, Abilene, Tex. 30.30 Albany 30.1: ! HOO0S it §B%i B 55 El Paso. . 0.2 Galveston .. 30.22 Helens -« 30 Jacksenville. 30.22 | Kanses City. 30.20 Los Angeles. 30.32 | Lovis Miami, Flo. 2033 New Orleans 30.18 | New York... 29.98 Okta. City... 30.28 Phildelphia. 2996 Phoenix, Aris 30.30 2006 Portland, Me, 30.12 Portiand, Ore 30. ° ® director of' the | San Aatealo. company for the next year, but in-|BSa timated that her contract covered her singing only. BARS CALENDAR “ADS;” EW YORK. January 21.—Calen- rs used.in offices over which George ‘Washington Aldridge, collector of the port and custadian of federal buils holds. sway, are receiving on. As censor, Mr. Aldridge decreed that ‘waste basket must go all h and adve