Evening Star Newspaper, January 20, 1922, Page 4

. PARLEY DISCUSSES CHINA TREATIES AND RAILWAYS The officia] statement issued at the close of the twenty-first meeting of the committee on Pacific and far eastern questions, follows: The twenty-first meeting of the| committee on Pacific and far eastern quesitons was held this morning, January 19, at 11 o'clock, in the Pan- American Building. The chairman (Mr. Hughes) sald that the committes would consider the resolution offered by Sir Auck- land Geddes with relation to railways in China. The resolution was before the committee in text, he believed, and provided broadly against discrimina- tion and for the reference of ques- tions which might arise to the board of reference. He assumed that it was not necessary to read It. Sir Auckland Geddes said that the resolution which he had the honor to lay-before the committee was, as he had stated the day before, rather un- usual in its form. In consequence, he did not move it simply as circulated. What he moved was “That it is desir- able that a provision to the following effect be in the convention on the open door in China”; and then the text as it stood. Text of Resolution Revised. On looking over this resolution carefully, and having had the ad- vantage of criticism from some of the delegates present, he had to suggest that words be inserted in the text as circulated, in the second line, s0 that it should read: “The Chinese government declares that throughout the whole of the railways In China it will not exercise, or permit, any unfair discrimination of any kind. In particular there shall be no discrimination whatever, direct or indirect, in respect of charges or facilities . . . " and so on. In moving this resolution, the Brit- ish empire delegation were, of course, animated by the desire to make the open door policy effective. They be- lieved that a resolution in this sense, it adopted and approved by the powers, would go far to make the open door a reality. He wished to add there was no sug- gestlon whatever that China’s govern- ment policy with regard to the rail- ways had included any policy of dis- erimination on any ground. He wished to make that quite clear, and there- fore repeated what he had said yes- terday. The British emplre delegation be- lleved that if there were somebody— they susgested the board of reference —before which claims or appeals could be taken, there would grow up, rapid- ly and effectively, a policy of absolute fairness and equality with regard to all transportation facilities on the railways throughout China. Board of Reference Favered. They considered that the board of reference, which they had proposed legitimat. isti rights, the future | stances. As he e T China | many were based .Dlll{ on lef \ the verbal assent of in lc‘lll not duk; development of rallways in shall be so conducted as to enable the Chinese government to effect the unification of railways into a rail- Wr&‘ system under inet nical co-operation as may prove ne :l.lry in the Interests of that, sy em."” This resolution was indicative, he sald, of a general policy to aid in the maintenance of a strong and stable administration in China, and of sultable control of the facilities essential to such an administration and to the prosperity of the people. Of course, it did not suggest the slightest interference with any legiti- mate existing rights. Mr. Sze stated, with reference to the resolution now before the committee, he wished to state the position of the Chinese delegation, and he would, therefore, read the following state- ment: “The Chinese delegation notes with sympathetic appreciation the expres- the existing and future railways of China may be unifled under the con- trol and operation of the Chinese gov- ernment, with such foreign financlal and_technical assistance as may be needed. I is our intention as speed- i1y as possible to bring about this re- sult. It is our purpose to develop ex- isting and future railways in ac- cordance with a general program that will meet the economic, industrial and commercial requirements of China. It will be our policy to obtain such for- eign financial and technical assistance as may be needed from the powers, in laccordance with the principles of the open door or equal opportunity; and the friendly support of these powers will be asked for the effort of the Chinese government to bring all the railways of China, now existing or to be built, under its effective and uni- fied control and operation One Word Changed. In regard to the wording of the resolution they had no suggestions to offer; but they had one suggestion, which would in no way change the meaning of the resolution and was made only with the desire to facili- tate its rendering nto the Chinese language, namely, that the word “co- in the next to the last line, should be changed to “assistance.” He hoped that this change would be agree- able to the chairman. The chairman said that was quite agreeable, and that the amendment wr accepted. He then asked if there wids a desire for further discussion. Since there was not, the committee proceeded to vote on the resolution, and it was unanimously adopted. [ The chairman then asked if any subcommittes was ready to report, or if any of the matters which had been referred were ready for sub- mission to the committee. He had been informed by the secretary gen- eral that the committee of experts in connection with the general policy | gesignated to act in relation to the ©of the open door, would be the most satisfactory, the most natural and the most convenient body before which to have these cases, if any should arise, of alleged discrimination investigated and definitely settled. Accordingly he had the honor to move: “That it is desirable that a provision to the fol- lowing effect be in the convention on +“3 the open door in China.” Then fol- *lowed the text, with the small amen ments he had already brought to the notice of the committee. Mr. Sze said that the Chinese dele- gation had noted with great interest the proposal made by Sir Auckland Geddes. In regard to the first para- graph he desired to say that it had always been the policy of the Chinese government—a policy that was well e *known and the whole idea of which il ‘was to develop foreign trade—to Uwelcome foreign shippers or passen- e#'gers and to afford them equal treat- ment, and he wished to add that there had never been a single complaint by .20y shipper of unfair treatment or ““discrimination. This policy had proved to be the Lest policy and it ‘was still the wish of the Chines gov- ernment to foster foreign trade. He noted that while the Chinese government made a certain declara- tion in the resolution, the other pow- ers made a similar declaration. I regard-te paragraph he Hopéd that there would be no occa- sion to resort to it, as all the powers represented on €he committee were janxious that trade in the far east should be on a fair and equitable basis; occasions might, however, arise when it would prove useful. He sug- i!!!ed one small amendment—name- Y, , the insertlon @ the words % fbefore "potem"‘* Tl China Wi Rate Control. He wished tof¥hention in this con- Rection, in_order: that any possible future 'misunderstanding might ke /avoided, that,«n giving assent to the ifirst “paragraph -of the resolution iChina regerved Yo herself the sole right to classify“the rates on any of her railways 5 The chairman:said he understood that there was nothing in this reso- lution which affected the authority to classify rates. » Mr. Sze said that he wished to avoid any question arising in the future and 1o assure the continuance of the right e Chinese govern iy Faie B ment to classify e chairman explained that it w. derstood to be the sense of this res: ution that there was no impairment hatever of the power of China to ssify rates, subject simply to the £ th the explanation t u‘w&s not suggested on the basis t China had hitherto acted in a {feriminating way—that there should be& no unfair discrimination of any kifid and particularly no discrimina. 1l 1‘0:“ the basis stated in the reso- aron Shidehara inquired if derstood that the lavefiention” o ight rates should not be made in s8ch a way as to entail any discrip- iflation for or against different gov- efpments or their nationals, he chairman answered that it was erstood that the classification of €s would not be made in such a * Y _as to permit any unfair dis- imination of any kind or, in par. ular, . any discrimination, directl indirctly, on the ground of the nay nality of the passengers, the coun- to which they were proceeding, or e origin or ownership of goods or tRe country from which or to which Y W igned, or the nation- ty or ownership of the ship, etc, stated in the resolution. le then asked for further discus- m on the resolution. In Line With Open Door. iBaron Shidehara stated that the pancse delegation cordially shared 1B this resolution; that it was en-' ely in line with the principle of the en door in China that was accepted the previous meeting. The word- ing, he thought, was admirable. It guve the Japanese delegation great Pleasure to accept the resolution, The chairman then put the question to vote and the resolution was unani- mously adopted as follows: “The Chinese government declares | that throughout the whole of the railways in China it will not exer- cise or permit any unfair discrimi- nation of any kind. In pa. ticular there shall be no discrimination whatever, direct or indirect, in re. spect of charges or of facilities on the ground of the nationality of pas- sengers or the countries from which ; or to which they are proceeding, or the origin or ownership of goods or the country from which or to which they are consigned, or the nationality or ownership of the ship or other means of conveying such passengers or goods before or after their trans- port on the Chinese railways. “The other powers represented at this conference take note of -the above declaration make a eor- responding declara‘ign in respect of any of the aforesa.. railways over which they or their nationals are in a position to exercise any control in virtue of any concession, special agreement or otherwise. . “Any question arising under this Eecllranon may be referred by any f the powers concerned to the board ot reference when established, for consideration and report.” Text of Resolution. .& The chnlrmanhthen read the next “resolution .which was presented for actton, as follows: “The powers represented in this conference record their hope that, to the utmost degree consistent with matter of the Chinese Lastern rail- way were to have a meeting late that afternoon. Awaiting that report, the committee might proceed to the next topic upon ‘the agenda—the status of existing commitments in relation to China. The chairman said that it would be of service if they had a very clear understanding, when the conference jended, of the commitments which [were claimed to exist with respect to I China. It would be of great aid if it should be understood that the pow- | ers represented at the conference had | tull knowledge of all commitments which might thereafter be asserted, |or said to exist, and opportunity was |now afforded for presentation of | these commitments, and for any dis- icussion such presentation might sug- gest. Explains Commitments. Mr. Xoo said that he wished to make a few observations with reference to {the status of existing commitments in regard to China. It was known to his cclleagues that the commitments entered into by China were very nu- merous, and this fact made it not only desirable, but necessary that all the powers represented on the com- mittes should know the exact situa- tion not only in which China stood, i but the situation in which the powers !related to those commitments stood. He had Lhree suggestions to make the first of which was that all th powers who had any claim or claims on China should make them known: it was desirable, in the opinion-of the Chinese delegation, that the principle of publicity should be applied to the international commitments with ref- erence to China. It was not necessary for him to dwell upon the principle of publicity with regard to international agreements; one of the points adopted by all the powers participating in the peace conference at Paris, as a bas:s of discussion and settlement, was that of opsn covenants. It was no_more necessary to recall that article XVITI of the covenant of the league of na- tions provided that all international engagements should be registered and that, were they not so registered, they such foreign financial and tech- | sion of the hope of the powers that thereof, Mr. Koo sald he vould was that wvalldity of these com: mitments should be determined. Whil it was desirable to examine the whol class of existing commitments, he would refer particularly to those that had their origin in doubtful circum- had stated earlier, rs of dividual offi* authorized. In one a claim for terri- case there wi control, ; torial concessions which, moreover, ‘was pressed simply because a Chinese official who received a letter em- bodying the claim was Iimpre with the unreasonableness of claim and refrained from replying. Mr. Koo felt, therefore, that it was very desirable, in-order to<clear up the status .of all existing commity ments, that the committee 'should t! to determine which were valld, espe: cially in the case of those bases on uncertaln and often nebulol claims. The third point Mr. Koo wished to ¢, suggest was that, after the validity iof the existing commitments or claims was determined, steps should be taken to harmonize them with on | another and with the princip adopted by the committee. It W. | well known that there were clai {and commitments which might each have equal validity per se, but which might conflict with each other. To prevent controversies it would be highly desirable for all parties con: cerned, those claiming a commitment as weil as’ the Chinese government, that all the conflicting features of these commitments should be re= moved. Mr. Koo remarked that It had ‘been sald this might introduc a new principle, that of retroactivity: That might be so; but the practical fact that engagements existed which conflicted with each other should not be overlooked, and there could be no doubt that those conflicting claims should be adjusted and settled, in a manner equitable and satisfactory to all concerned. 5 Door to New Disputes. It might also be said that this would be opening the door to new dig- putes, on the ground that a future concession might trespass on rights already existing. great weight to that argument, be- cause if an existing commitment were sound and just it would have nothing to fear. The course proposed would glive the opportunity to strengthen its position and confirm its valldity. If those were merely left on one side the conflicts between them would not be removed and the way for future! disputes would remain open. There- fore some steps should be taken to solve the conflicting terms_between commitments now existing. He there- fore submitted those three sugges- tions for the consideration of the committee, and would be most happy to hear any observation which his colleagues might wish to make on them. The chairman said that the com- mittee had listened with great inter- est to the important statement of Mr. Koo. The chairman supposed that nothing they could do would promote to a greater degree friendly relations in the future, with respect to matters in which China and interests in China were involved, than a full disclosure of all the commitments relied upon by the powers represented at the confer- ence. He would suggest for their consideration that the powers repre- sented prepare and flle with the sec- retary general of the conference lists of all the treaties and enga ents with China upon which they relied. . He was glad to note the offer of Mr. Koo to present to the conference the contents of the engagement with Russia to which he had referred, and he trusted that Mr. Koo would fully disclose what that engagement was. All Information Desired. He thought it would be to the advantage of the conference that whatever was lacking in the way of information in respect to commit- ments relating to China should now be supplied. This in itself. he thought. would largely, if not entirely, take care of the nebulous claims to which Mr. Koo had referred. In other words, a_valid claim could be stated and its basis could be set forth; if it were too nebulous to be listed—and at the same time it was understood that all engagements were listed—he doubted if, in the future. there would be any basis for pressing it. Fur- ther, the question of validly had relation to something. thet-gguld be defined, and In respect to wWieh an argument as to validity or tn¥alidity could be conduced. A mere nebulous assertion of some right, without any uggestions, would hardly creage an cpportunity for serious argument. The point was, he said, that the powers at the conference - should their cordial relations, all that any of the powers had to say with re- spect to their rights. That disclosure could affect no actual right adversely; on the contrary, it would tendtq sup- port, every. legitimate claim. ' Ques- tions that were in doubt would not be in any more doubt because they were frankly stated. He wounld say that great progress could bg made at the conference if they would re- solve to present the commitinents upon which they relied, list "them and give them to the secretary gen- leral.” Matters of conflict, of course, 1ad to submit - . R 'The next ln‘?fl'anlm i albos,, tor th He did not lend|j basis at all except conversations or | thenceforth know, in the interest of | ! ° It was, of 8-'::3"&.. in this mat- inconvenience. Possibly it would et wi - me: th the approval of the cclr‘xn P e, eh France mittee if it were arranged that, all cases where treaties or engagi ments were set forth in Mr. MacMur- ray’s compilation, it would be sufi- cient merely to ref pllation, with a where the treaty or engagoment ,might be found That would greatly ll.‘l:rtn'pllty the preparation of such a hould be any unnecessary | or in bout France bz e collection of trestie agreements published by the admin- | istration of the Chinese customs. 'n_88 ln.r as n publish ce was concern compllin shoul E of the list, eny matter ave been overlooked, know hersif to vl;:r cflon for ould ing to do so. y n 14 that, it it was|culty to list The chairman sal it pastant tab agreeable to the delegates, it coul 1d that he would [be provided fl"llt. within a time deem- a clear understanding on one|e It would not be difficult to|filed with th xn;e“r full st of commitments and |timo should be allowed for agreements to which the Japanese|and comparison v Chinese government; 801final statement with respect to the T | ble e o d,” the | commitments as to Chins. He hoped, | I° to | secretary general of the conference|therefore, that there would be no limitation which lists. | commitment to be ignored on the could | ground that it was local or informal, now resolve that, except as stated in lor not reduced to the form of a treaty, thus completed, that there|relating to China, or some engagements relating to|subdivision of China. Koo said that on this que:iion of the commitments, he hoped he un- Viscount @'Alte inquired if it were |derstood correctly that in making out sary, in the chairman's view, t0ia Jiat also those local engagements en- those to which China is a party, but tered into by colonial authorities and |also others between powers concern- Chinese authorities, or if he had ref- |ing China should be included. The chairman said that it was in- point. government {tself was a party. question of Chinese obligations to|that, within some fixed perio indiyiduals or firms, however, which the government itself was not & party, was an entirely different mat- ‘ter; it would be very difficult, indeed, or y government to ascertain the precise mature and terms of such con- tracts and to make a list of them. He assumed, ,therefore, that the chair- man’s - statement referred only to those agreements and claims to which jparties. { The chairman said that it was, of | course, not supposed that govern- ments would be under any obligation to list commitments In which they had no .interest and of which they had no knowledge. In enterprises not |whol|y or strictly governmental, how- ever, there were sometimes important features which involved. government ‘concessions. The question of degree was important. There were some mat- ters whi¢cn were not directly govern- mental engagements which were of a very serious character as affecting the interests of natlons or their na- tionals. One fllustration was that of the Chinese Eastern rafllway. It might be regarded as a concern which was provided for by a particular. or- ganlzation and which was not, in its organization, technically a govern- mental affair. It would be very im- portant, however, to be advised ~* the matter, if anything of that sor_ were p;(:’,‘:_c"ted Which did not happen to be He thought that this should be dealt Wwith in a practical way. The point was that they should go forth from this conference with full knowledge of what the nations therein repre- sented relled upon in relation to com- mitments in connection with China. His lu‘ggel!lan would be, subject to discussion, that the governments should list the engagements in which they had an interest, which were made by them or on their behalf, or to which they weore related, or of which they had knowledge. Refer to Compliations, Jonkheer Beelaer: van Blokland suggested that besides refernce to the valuable work of Mr. MacMurray as proposed by the chairman it should also be permitted to refer to other well known compilations, such as Mayers, Herstlett, and the collections of treatles published by the Chinese maritime customs. The chairman said that the sug- gestion was, of course, eminently ap- propriate. "He supposed that any available compilation which had been published could be referred to in the interest of convenience. Mr. Sarraut said that as regards treaties and commitments between France and China, everything had been published: that all the docu- ments could be found in Mr. Mac- Few Big Regular Price, $85 i Special i Regular Price, $125 Special Price Regular Price, $85 | Special i 1 Regular Price, $50 Special Price. | i foreign governments themselves were | neces: Open Every Saturday Evening Until 9 O’Clock in PHONOGRAPHS of Well Known Makes Upright Models e ... $65.00 = $95.00 Cabinet OQutfits e ....$45.00 -.$35.00 The above machines have been used in our store for demonstrating purposes. presented phases of claims of right | in our shop and are sold with the same unqualified guar- allowed would be able to advise the powers represented of these complete The powers here represented the lists were no China upon which the powers several- 1y relled. erence only to treaties. The chairman said it was not de- sired, of course, that this should be an unnecessary burden; on the other hand, however, it was most important that the commitments be known. He supposed the more informal they were the more important it was that the information be given. The larger engagements, which had been known for years, of course, could be reterred to by a mere reference to a page in a compilation. But if there was any undertaking which was to be assert- ed against China or which related to China in favor of a power or its na- tionals the committee would desire to know what it was. ‘With regard to the question raised e e e e For Office Help 1 We do plumbing, heat- ing and tinning work £ of every kind, and guar- antee satisfactory re. sults. f'New installations an repairs made by (he§ most skilled mechancis. S Quick service; notably satisfactory prices. 27 Ask us to estimate. URICE J. COLBERT eating—Plumbing- i 621 F Street ™ e E =2 or Ed Bargains All have been gone over should be considered invalid. He rees|on either side, which naturally would | ferred to these points only in order to | have to be adjusted in a manner sat- antee we give with a new phonograph. show that the general consensus of opinion regarded the principle of publicity for international engage- ments as a sound and useful one. There were particularly urgent grounds for observing the principle in regard to China. When to the fact of the existence of such a large number of commitments in regard to China wa. added the fact that many of these commitments were entered into under very uncertain circumstances — in some cases claims had been based on the letters or the verbal statements of a single Chinese official, sometimes not even of the;central government— the necessity would readily be seen for clearing up the question of ex- actly where China and the treaty powers stood. Source of Suspicion. So long as any international en- gagement was kept secret, jt was bound to give rise either to specula- {tion or suspicion. If nothing ‘was known concerning it, the situation would not be less unsatisfactory since other powers might unwittingly adopt. policies which ran counter to such se- cret engagements. If it was merely suspected that a commitment existed, the other powers were likely to adopt | policies with a view to counteracting i'the apprehended effect of such secret agreement on their own interests, From still another point of view it | was very desirable that .the inter- national commitments of and relat- ling to China should be known, for without such knowledge it would be difficult for China either to satisfy { claims based upon such engagements, | or to contest them if she deemed them junfounded. Besides, the formulation by China of any sound economic or fiscal policy would require a full j knowledge on her part of the number land character of the claims which jother powers desired to advance against her. Mr. Koo thought this was true for the powers also; unless they knew the nature and scope of all the engagements concerning China, they could not, for example, seek new i enterprises or new fields of invest- ment without running the risk of clashing with the powers parties to {such secret engagements. So far as China was concerned, she was ready, In accordance with the iprinciple of publi¢ity for interna- |tional engagements, to place before the committee the text of any com- mitment to which she was a party. {In fact, the Chinese delegation would be glad to furnish any information, in this connection, which any of their collezgues desired. In maXking this statement he hoped that the othor delegates would reciprocate by fur- nishing the Chinese delegation with such information as it desired re- garding agreements which had been | Publication of a list of these docu- entered into by them concerning Chins. and claims which their gov- ernments might desire her. Refers to Treaty. Mr. Koo added that, so far as the|had been for the moment overlooked, Chinese delegation was aware, the only engagement China had entered | purely with the suggestion of publi- into, concerning which others had at | cation, and to repeat what he times manifested some desire to know the exact nature, was the treaty of|in exactly with-thre desire of the Brit- 1896 with Russia, known as the Li- Lobanoff treaty. If any of the mem- bers of the committee desired to be made fully conversant with the terms ! ment made by Sir Auckland Geddes %o maka on |been overlooked to be added to the istactory to those who believed that they had rights. That presented the case of a controversy and the,_ ques- | tion as to the appropriate means of settling controversies. Russo-Chinese Alliance. His suggestion would be that, in—| stead of discussing all such matters at once, or at least having a dis- cussion which would not be definitely over. R T, 0000 ———— 1210 G related to a particular topic at-a par- ticular time, the committee should first take up the matter of listing tne various commitments upon which the nations relied in respect of China. As preliminary to that he trusted that he might, with their consent, invite the disclosure which Mr. Koo stated that he was ready to make. Mr. Koo declared that, in com- pliance with the request of the chair- man, the Chinese delegation would be glad to lay before the committee the terms of the Russo-Chinese alliance, as soon as a copy was made for submission. He wished to add, however, that the said treaty was signed in the year 1896 and was to rem: in force for only fifteen years, so_that its term had aiready expired. Sir Auckland Geddes said that the British empire were fully prepared to publish all the commiiments wuicn they had with China; fully prepared to publish everything they relied on. In fact, the vast majority of them we already published. He was not, how- ever, sure.that he understood Mr. Koo correctly. Did he wish all the treaties of peace and commerce be- tween Britain and China to be re- issued and republished? Those were known to the whole world. It would be quite possible to prepareisuch a list, and if it were considered desir- abla there was no difficulty about doing it. It, however, would take'a little time. British Prepare List. The British empire delegation had prepared a list of all the minor com- mitments embodied in instruments of less importance than the great treaties which existed between them and China. These they were pre- pared to publish, or to give to the secretary-general, or in any other way to make them available to the whole world. They believed that they were all already known to any one who took the trouble to look for them. The vast majority of them, at all events, had been published in that most valuable work by Mr. Mac- Murray. : In saying that they were willing to publish all these commitments at once, it was not possible to guaran- tee that the list that they had at hand was exhaustive; and he suggested in- formally that, after there had been ments, a certain time interval be al- lowed for others which might-have ist. It was possible that the mere fact of publication was quite likely to bring to attention something that With that proviso, and dealin, had al<) ready said, the fullest publicity fell ish empire delegation in this matter of their relations with China. The chairman said that the state- Magy other special bargains—Come and look them — Harry C. Grove (Inc.) ‘The Wholesome Spread-for-Bread *The Wholesome Spread for Bread™ JOSEPH PHILLIPS COMPANY 10 Wholesale Row, = ‘Washington, D. C. PR St. N.W. the book |by the Po Murray's o:mm-tm or in |n“ Bo flfl-‘ China fand of would be hi, He un delegation |said by Mr. . ly desirsble that any commitinent, whether with the central ) the | government or with the local au- |thorities or governments, should be a% | known. Ne Dificulty Expeeted. tood, from what had been nese i f d::,“i‘;gnch lndt.hw- were will- |anese colleagues, Was not go- emplelingihalisUIC i, to be a matter of very great ditn- se_engagements. The a8 that the powers at the conference should know that ts e.clmlddbt all was h‘knn'n; cha.:l 'l.:. zm:e thely tary general, and & |should wve a comple s ment, > allo or completion | which, giving abundant time for its acts avail- | verification, should be regarded as a of these commitments not orily tended t%lm!lufl': w:;{y:“:lz‘ :fi;fllgg i o continu o nl.m of the committee and tak- Tig the sen a3 minister, the chair- in view of.the taken place in sent conditions, it se of what had been done during the morning, & proposed reso- lution would probably be circulated later in the day for consideration, so that the discussion could be directed to a precise point. Théreupon the committee adjourned until Friday, January 20, 1922, at 3:30 p.m. MARINE CORPS ORDERS. ‘Maj. R. W. Voeth has been detailed to duty at marine headquarters, this city. Capt. C. F. Kienast, detached from 2nd Bflsna‘!:e. San Domingo to Parris d, 5. C. c;“w. H. L. 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