Evening Star Newspaper, October 2, 1914, Page 1

WEATHER. Fair tonight and Saturday; warmer Saturday; gentle northeast to south- east wind! Temperature past High, 72, at 5 p.m. 6 am. today. For full report see page 20. twenty-four houre— today; low, 42, at / Che £vening Star. About every one in Washing- ton who reads at all reads The Star. No. 19,728. ASSAULT ON CRACOW _ BY RUSSIA HAS BEGUN, LONDON iS INFORMED Great Battle in Which 2,500,000 De- fenders Are To Be in Fighting Engaged Said Progress. LOOKED UPON AS FORERUNNER OF COLOSSAL ENGAGEMENTS Silesia Expected to Develop Into One of Greatest Stragg'es of the Present War— Von Hindenberg Commands. LONDON, October 2, 10:20 a.m.—From the east through va- rious sources comes news of the Russian assault on Cracow and its vicinity, where two and a half million Germans and Austrians are said to be concentrated. So many conflicting reports have been re- ceived concerning the Russian advance through Galicia, however, that the public is inclined to await further details. If the battle of Cracow is in full sway, then it is unquestionably one of the greatest struggles of this war, and possibly the forerunner of even more colossal engagements which will rage in Silesia. GEN. VON HINDENBERG IN CHARGE. The Exchange Telegraph Company has given out a dispatch from its Vienna correspondent, sent by way of Rome, saying that Gen. von Hindenberg, the German commander, who has been active against the Russians on the East Prussian frontier, has been ap- Pointed to take command of the defense of Cracow. It is officially announced at Vienna, according to a Rome dis- pateli to the Exchange Télegraph Company, that the Austro-German| amy concentrated at Cracow numbers 2;500;000. & Petrograd correspondent of the ‘Timea sends this comment on the Operations in’ the eastern war theater: “Col, Shumsky, the military critic, says that the Germans are hastening to concentrate a mass of troops be- tween Breslau and Cracow in order to advance on the right bank of the Vis- tula.-and thus compel the Russians to either'evacuate Galicia or to accept a decisive battle. “The Germans are displaying an in- ordinate appetite. Not content with undertaking a decisive engagement in Silesia, they are trying a siege at Ossowetz, at the other end of the strategic front. “Evidently they are confident of suc- céss at the battle in Silesia, as they are preparing a route across the river Niemen. In any case their attempt to carry out this new and_ grandiose scheme will lead to a swift denoue- ment." * Country Reported Devastated. PETROGRAD, Gctober 2.—A corre- spondent of the Reuter Telegram Com- © has just returned from a ne Galician battlefields, re- t from Lublin southward he found the country devastated and de- serted, with the villages burned or razed. ‘At Tomaszow, depots for Russian trophies of war had been improvised in barns. Among the prizes were rows of howitzers, quick firers and mortars, many of whith ad not even been fired, and the majority of which were. un- damaged. The’ Russians proposed ‘to establish a special battery of artillery with these guns. The correspondent found Jaraslau surrounded with barbed wire, behind which were intrenchments. and un- damaged earthworks. : “The flight of the Austrians after so short a bombardment,” he says, “ap- pears to have been a most pusillani- mous action.” The town itself presented a most ani- mated ‘appearance, business going on as usual. Russia Has 1,000,000 Men. PARIS, October 12:20 a.m.—The Rome correspondent of the Havas Agency says a dispatch from Petro- grad to tne Giornale I'Italia states that in the great battle which is imminent in the region of Cracow, Galicia, the Russian strength will be 920,000 men, with powerful artillery, under the command of Gens. Rozsky, cussiloff and Dimitrieff. Four corps of Bavarians and Saxons have reinforced the Austrians for the purpose of attempting to prevent the Russians from Invading Silesia, adds that dispatch. The Austrian and Ger- man forces have been placed under the command of Gen. von Hindenburg, who has been recalled from East Prussia. 2, RUSSIAN REPULSE OF ENEMY CONTINUES, SAYS PETROGRAD PETROGRAD, October eral staff has given out the following official communication: “The Russian troops have continued to repulse the enemy from the boun- @aries of the governments of Suwalki and Lomza. The engagement has been very fierce west of Symno. “The German troops that were at- tacking Ossowetz are retreating hastily to the north. Considerable forces of the enemy, of which the bulk arrived from the west, are concentrating in the districts west of the governments of Plotrkow and Kielce. “The Russian cavalry and van- guard are reconnoitering energetically through all that region, impeding through vigorous attacks the move- ment of the enemy. The Germans al- ways endeavor to use the highways in Russian territory, because the other roaus, being rough, paralyze their ar- tillery trains. “An attack by the Russian cavalry against the German vanguard, in front of Andrew and marching on Kielce, Was ciowned with great success. ‘the German infantry was caught unaware: @hu 15 sel.catuig an diseruer, pursued by the Russian cavalry. “The bombardment of Ossowetz did damage to oniy a few private dwellings ‘and a few te.ephone lines, as the gar- rison was sheltered by numerous con- crete walls. Severe Hand-to-Hand Fighting. “The offensive by the Russian troops the forests of Au- marching through gustowo was not covered by the artil- lery. South of Nand engagement took place. It was particularly fierce in the semi-circle be- tween the Bialobrozeg basin, which was crossed by a Russian column, and the Augustowo canal near the Borki basin. The issue of this engagement was de- cided by an attack from Augustowo. “Northwest of the forest of Augus- towo the Russians were compelled to at- tack the rear guard of the Germans through numerous defiles and in fortiried positions, where the Russian infantry Feceived great help from its heavy ar- tillery, which caused great losses to the , Who were dislodged from the in- trenchments and retired under our fire. “The battle is tensive. front, th Augustowo a hand-to- 2—The gen-jpositions near Mariampol | Stshutshin. fe a Tt In the vicinity of Wresouch the ground fs very rough, making it very dimcult for the troops to keep their battle lines. This has resulted in a series of in- dividual gnsagements. “The advance of the Russi: meeting with success everywhere 2 Calls Invasion Fiasco. LONDON, October 2, 3:30 a.m.—The Petrograd correspondent of the Morn- ing Dispatch has sent the following: “Experts here confess themselves un- able to conceive what objects Germany sought by the incursion into Russian territory up to the line of Niemen river. Whatever the reason is, the in- vasion has proved a. fiasco. “The invaders—something like a dozen army corps—are now doing their best to get out of Russia under a steady downpour of rains which hour- ly are widening the already extensive areas of morass and washing into bot- tomless mud what pass for roads in this part of Russia. The German in- fantry is suffering terribly under weather and road conditions, while the artillery probably will remain in Rus- sian territory and be fished out when winter frosts make the roads passable again. “The German emperor's lightning stroke aimed at Russia has failed. Germany has left another twenty thou- sand first-line troops dead on the field, while the retreating troops are caught in a position which suits the wily Cos- sacks admirably.” Says German Center Broken. A Petrograd dispatch to Reuter’s Tele- gram Company says: “In the Suwalki district from the left flank of the Germans the Russians folled two determined attempts to force a - WASHINGTON, D. C., CITY POST OFFICE GETS A SHAKE-UP Complete Reorganization Fore- casted Exclusively in The Star Is Effected. INVOLVES ABOLITION OF ASSISTANT POSTMASTER L. BR. Robinson Made Bookkeeper. Two-Division Plan Provides Salary Cuts. Complete reorganization of the ad- ministration of the Washington city Post office, involving abolition of the Office of assistant postmaster, demotion of three superintendents and chiefs of several departments and change in the superintendence of five substations, went into effect yesterday, as forecast- ed exclusively in The Star yesterday, with the confirmation of First Assist- ant Postmaster General Roper. ‘Those principally affected by the re- organization are: Promotions—W. H. Haycock, from superintendent of city delivéry service to superintendent of mails, and J. B. Corridon, for some years examiner of postal stations in this city, to be super- intendent of finance. Demotions—L. R. Robinson, for about four years assistant postmaster, to be bookkeeper between the finance de- partment and the postmaster; Howard P. Springer, for more than’ thirteen years superintendent of mails, to be superintendent of station A; Granville Hunt, for thirteen years superintendent of the registry division, to be an as- sistant superintendent of mails; Charles P. McCurdy, for five years as- sistant superintendent and | superin- tendent of money orders, to be super- intendent of station G. More Efficient Service Is Aim. It is explained by Postmaster Prae- ger that this reorganization is in line with a scheme of administration that has been introduced in a number of other large cities, and that it will “give a more efficient service in the handling of mails.” Most of the heads of departments affected by the reorganization have advanced through all grades 1 the service and several of them have been in the postal service for more than a quarter of a century. It means a cutting in their salary of $600, $50v and $400. L. P. Robinson, the assistant post- master, who loses his oifice and’ vc- comes ‘a bookkeeper, it is understood, has had his salary cut from $3,000 to 2,400., He has held many responsible positions in the Washington post of- i 3 in. Years and during 6 Spanish-American war was of val- uable servige to the government -in Cuba and Porto Rico as a special agent of the department. Mr. Robinson started in the postal ice: a8 3, special delivery. messenger in, the: Appleton, Wis., post office, He gradually worked his way up until he fbecame assistant postmaster there. At the time of the Spanish-American war he volunteered to go to Cuba anu Porto Rico for the government, and was called upon for this service. After his mission there was accomplished he was appointed to the Washington city post office in March, 1599, and won promotion through several grades, until he was made superintendent of station G. Then he was promoted to cashier of the city post office. Popular With Employes. It was while acting as cashier, nearly four years ago, that he was called upor to perform the dtuties of assistant postmaster, and after about a year and a half in such service he was ap- pointed by Postmaster Merritt, with the sanction of Postmaster Generai Hitchcock in February, 1912, as assist- ant postmaster. Mr. Robinson is popular with the working force of the post office, and has done effective work, and employes say he has personally performed the duties in all grades of service, and ir thoroughly familiar througn experi- ence with the entire potsal service system. Horace P. Springer, formerly super- Intendent of mail, held that office from July 1, 1901, until yesterday. It is understood his salary has been cui from $2,700 to $2,200, being reduced to the same figure he received when he came to the Wushington post office from the railway mail service Novem- ber 11, 1879. Hunt in Office Quarter of Century. Granville Hunt, until yesterday superintendent of the registry division, itis understood, has suffered a reduc- tion in salary from $2,400 to $2,000, after hafing been an employe of the Washington city post office for twenty- five years and in charge of the regis- try division for thirteen years. He is a native Washingtonian and started in the postal service as a boy. After ad- vancing through the various grades he was appointed superintendent of the registry division in November, 1901. Mr. Hunt always has taken an imterest in civic affairs and was for three years chairman of the conven- tions committee of the Chamber of Commerce. He brought many big con- ventions to Washington and did a val- uable work in compiling a list of all the big associations in the Unitea States holding annual conventions, with statistics of the number they attracteu to the city where the convention was held. Charles McCurdy, who loses out as superintendent of the money order di- vision, was appointed in September 4, 1897. "He was made assistant superin- tendent of the money order division ip January, 1909, and June 7, 1913, was put in charge as superintendent. Part of General Curtailment. It is claimed that this cutting down is not a particular hardship worked on the employes of the local post office, but is a part of the general curtail- ment scheme that has been put into ef- fect throughout the entire United States during the last eighteen months. The local superintendents who have been demoted, it is said, will continue to perform the same work under a dif- ferent roster designation at a greatly reduced salary. One superintendent is to do the executive work which had passage of the Niemen river between Olita on the north and Druskeniki on the south. Military critics point out that with the’ capture of Augustowo and Koptzyewo the Russians en the German center. wThe German lines exten Ossowetz to Simno, an Russians, with bravery, have expelled the Germans from their intrenchments on the lakes, which are divided by only from two to five miles of dry land. “According proceeding over an ex- e Germans occupying to the newspaper the Ger- losses at iki amounted to ve mired the roads man 20,000. imbedded .and lost. previously been under the jurisdiction of several, and the others are to be con- tinued on the rolls as assistant super- intendents. William H. Haycock, who is promoted to the office of superintendent of mails, began his services in Washington as a substitute letter carrier in 1887, He was transferred to the Post Office Department and appointed inspector of rural delivery service in 1903, and was promoted to the post of assistant super- intendent of rural mails In 1904. He was made assistant superintendent of the division of city delivery in the Post Office Department .in, 1905, and .Mareh “Continued on Tenth Page) ? ey va \ \\N NS ah Now . ‘\\ yi FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1914.--TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. ONE CENT. wWW ~ QWsss BELGIAN MACHINE GUN FIRE SLAYS THOUSANDS, SAYS ANTWERP German Corpses Lie in Heaps in Front of Forts Following Repulse at. Bayonet LONDON, October . 2;-3:25.p.m.—“Th Germats have suffered. heavily ‘every- where under a well directed machine ‘sun fire of the Belgians,” according to @ statement cabled from Antwerp by the correspondent of the Central News. “At the Wavre and St. Catherine forts alone ‘outside of Antwerp) the German dead may be’counted by thousands. At sev- eral points the corpses Ife in heaps. En- tire companies have been exterminated, while the other troops were driven back at the point of the bayonet.” ‘A dispatch from Antwerp: timed.10 o'clock Thursday night, says: “The German attacks on Antwerp con- tinue. Last night the inhabitants of the city were startled by the uninterrupted thundering of guns. The Belgians re- sponded from forts Breendonck and Waelhem at 1 o'clock this morning. The Germans tried in vain to damage the forts with their heavy guns. The forts, however, offered a strong resistance. “Shells fell in the village of Bille- broeck, demolishing the town hail and a mill. Nearly all the southern forts were active in inflicting- heavy losses on the 3ermans. It is reported that the Ger- mans lost 8,000 killed at Fort Wavre-St. Catherines. “A Zeppelin was reported last night successively over Moll, Rethy, Turn- hout, Bourg-Leopold, Merxplas, Brecht, Corstmalle and Westmalle, and at 8: in the morning it dropped bombs near Fort Broechem without serious dam- age. It then approached Antwerp, but was put to flight by the forts, the fortresses of Antwerp,” patch continues, “but the forts replied vigorously, and proved that they were still intact. Says Germans Retired. “The artillery duel continued all along the front, and the Germans, hav- ing again ventured into Malines, the Belgian troops bombarded the town. Fort Waelhem was the object of a par- ticularly severe cannondding. At Rumpst the Belgians were ordered to engage in independent firing. This lasted two and a half hours,” the dis- patch says, “and the Germans retired in disorder, leaving an enormous num- ber of dead and wounded.” ~~ In describing the attack of the Ger- mans on Antwerp the correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, wiring from Ant- werp under date of Thursday noon, 8: Se rrom the top of a gas tank at Ho- boken (three miles southwest of Ant- werp) last night was witnessed a scene of somber grandeur. The line of attack on the city was defined in the jof the enemy's great siege guns. Simi- \Yarly the line of defense was shown in \peints of light “which stabbed the night from the Belgian forts. It was almost possible occasionally to see the effect of the falling shells. Germans Destroy Villages. «phe artillery duel continued through- out the night. The German fire seemed to be directed chiefly toward emptying the outlying villages and every road into Antwerp was choked with refugees. “There is no doubt that many alarm- ing reports of the German operations will creep across the frontier to Hol- land. We cannot give definite informa- tion from here on account of prohibi- tion against news which might be use- ful to the"enemy, but-it-ean be said, with official sanction, that the posi- tion while calling for’the utmost vigi- lance and effort is not alarming. “The Belgians have suffered in some quarters While in others they have in- flicted loss. The general balance: in- spires confidence. MAIL scouting officers agree, however, that the German attack is’ merely a demonstration which is not intended to be pushed home. Belgian aviators have not Uncovered any great masses of German infantry.” \ An official statement issued -at: Ant-. werp, and sent by the correspondent of “All night the Germans bombarded} the dis-) clear night air very sharply by flashes! Point, Says: Dispatch. “the | the. Exchange, - Telegraph. Company, says: There has been a fierce artillery duel all day (Thursday). Some of the German batteries which ventured too close to the forts were demolished. The qnemy paoved in Be direction of Wavre . Catharines, but were stopped b; darkness,” ‘a ¥ An Antwerp dispatch to the Daily Mail says: “King Albert is to be seen constantly in the danger zone. He is reported to have ascended yesterday in a balloon to survey the operations. The enemy shelled the balloon, but the shells feil short. “In attacking the gap between the Liezele and Breendonk forts the Ger- mans made their first acquaintance with the surprise defense works. Many of them were electrocuted on touching the barbed wire entangle- ments.” Fail to Cross Scheldt. “One of the Daily Telegraph's corre- spondents in Belgium, writing under date of Wednesday, has sent the fol- lowing: “Before the Germans can press home attack against Antwerp they have a formidable( obstacle to overcome. they must cross the Scheldt riv- Again and again they have made the attempt, but every effort has been re- pulsed. Three times they tried to cross the river at Termonde, but each time a 30 | hail of Belgian lead from mitrailleuse and rifle sent them staggering back from the pontoons. “The German s{ege guns have thun- dered incessantly, with replying thun- ders from the outlying forts of Ant- werp, separated by 2 league of long stretches of woodland and pasture, the giant combatants, invisible to each other, have hurled their projectiles through space. “Malines, unhappy city, was again shelled, and a black column of smoke showed that scverai oi its remaining buildings had been set afire. “In another section of- the battle Termonde was the center of action. Here the Germans mounted a mitrail- leuse in the tower of the only rémain- ing church, compelling the Belgian gunners to turn their artillery against the forlorn house of worship. The Bel- gians’ second round hit the steeple squarely. Tho building burst into flames, and the mitrailleuse was silenced foreve: “The German field force which occu- pied Termonde when the Belgians evacuated it two days ago was com- posed of landsturm troops and marines with batteries and_auick-firers.” Prosperity The non-advertising merchant may use the columns of The Star and prosper, as all of the most progressive merchants are now doing. A year’s contract, han- dled by a competent ad- vertising man, will pro- duce the results. Local Display. Yesterday’s Figures. Lines The Evening Star... .26,374 2d Newspaper. . 45,829 3d Newspaper. . 10,848 4th Newspaper .. 9,353 , The competition is for ~-second placg only, a | WAR NEWS IN BRIEF. The turning movement of the allied armies in northern France has brought the extreme of their left wing. within about thirty miles of the Belgian frontier. An official statement issued by the French war office at 3 o'clock this afternoon says that that part: of the battle line stretching gener- ally north and south has been ex- tended north to a point south of Arras. This line, on which the allies are attempting to envelop the German right wing, under Gen. von Kluck, has been pushed gradually toward the Belgian border as the Germans widened their front in defense until it ex- tends some fifty-five miles from Mont. Terrific fighting continues on the allies’ left wing, according to the ) Paris statement, the most severe struggle being in the region of Roye, a town twenty-six miles east of Amiens and about mid- way on this battle line. Here the Germans have concentrated strong forces, probably: with the purpose of breaking through the front of the allies and isolating their forces to the north. French claims of slight gains in the Woevre district are recorded, as are minor engagements at va- Tious points on the front extend- ing east and west. In a statement received by wireless from Berlin, the German headquarters announced that the great battle in France remains undecided. The Germans, with their heavy artillery, are hammer- ing the positions of the allies at many points. The latter were re- pulsed in their attempts to break the German lines. The German statement says that the heaviest losses have been in the Argonne region. A Petrograd correspondent says that the Germans from four points are attempting to concen- trate on southern Russian Poland, where a decisive battle is ex- pected. cate that the expected battle be- tween the Russians and the allied armies of Germany and Austria at Cracow has begun. The most recent advices from Belgium report that the German attack upon Antwerp continues against a stubborn resistance, _ the angle that rests on Tracy-le-} FRENCH CLAIM GAINS IN FIGHTING ON LEFT: BATTLE STILL RAGES Germans Reinforced Near Roye, But Action Moves Toward North, Says Official Statement. “STEADY PROGRESS CONTINUES,” IS ANNOUNCED FROM BERLIN.” Attempts of Allies to Break Through Teuton Lines Re- pulsed, Statement Adds—Declared Russian Offensive Movement Has Failed. ( FRENCH OFFICIAL STATEMENT. PARIS, 3:12 p.m., October 2—An official statement issued by the war office this afternoon says that terrific fighting con- tinues incessantly near Roye, where the Germans have been strongly reinforced. The statement says: “On our left wing the battle continues with terrific fight- ing, notably in the region of Roye, where the Germans ap- pear to have concentrated important reinforcements. The ac- tion extends more and more toward the north. “The front of the battle line is now extended into the region to the south of Arras. Upon the Meuse the Germans at- tempted at night to throw a bridge across the river near St. Mihiel. The bridge was destroyed by our guns. progresses step by step, notably im the region between Apre- mont and St. Mihiel. “On the remainder of the front there have been attempted only partial operations here and there.” GERMAN OFFICIAL STATEMENT. BERLIN, October 2 (by wireless to Sayville, L. 1.).—Ac- cording to announcement made in Berlin today the great bat- tle in France is still undecided. The Germans are described as hammering the French position at numerous points by their heavy artillery. The attempts of the allies to break through the German lines have been repulsed. The heaviest losses have been in the Argonne region. The Germans continue to make steady progress. In the fighting before Antwerp the German artillery has silenced two of the Belgian forts. German troops captured thirty aeroplanes sent from France to Belgium. In the eastern arena of the war the Russian offensive movement from the Niemen river against the Germans in the province of Suwalki is declared to have failed. It is officially reported that the Russian fortress at Ossowetz, in Russian Poland, was bombarded by the Germans until September 25. The fighting in France, the siege of Antwerp and the of- fensive operations under Gen. von Hindenberg, all going on at the same time, are taken in Berlin to indicate that the Ger- man army is not lacking in men. There are about 2,000 Russian officers, including eighteen generals, at present being held as prisoners of war in the vari- ous detention camps in Germany. Dispatches from London indi-|¢ REPORTS TO LONDON INDICATE GERMANS ARE LOSING GROUND mount to an admission that Roye has been taken by the allies. However, this is a matter of inference only. Nothing definite has been heard in the last twenty-four hours of the whereabouts of the German emperor, but Petrograd dispatches say he is un- doubtedly present at the engagements on the East Prussian frontier, where the Russians insist, the German troops have met reverses and are being driven LONDON, October 2, 1:10 p.m.—Unless all signs are awry, the German armies in France or, at any rate, most of them are nearing the completion of their round trip. This, it is beld here, ts the only conclusion—hinted at even by the Berlin newspapers—to be drawn from the reports, both official or unofficial, of those on or near the scene of ac- tion. It is evident that the progress of the allies on their left is considerable, while the hole through which the Ger- mans might have pierced the line of French fortresses on the Meuse river side has been stopped. The fierce battling around the heights of Roye, to the northwest of Noyon, seems to have ended in favor z = rrench. The heights were captu: by Gen. Von Kluck’s men_Thursday, but later, according to @ French re- port, the ailies regained control of the position. ‘The German headquarters staff re- ports dismiss the situations, both in dhis and the Belgian theaters, with the “no change.” “"Though all Teports seem to agree that the German right in France has been bent back, the cautious tone of the brief official statements indicates that the battle of the Aisne is far from de- cided, and the British public, showing the patience that has characterized its @emeanor since the outbreak of hos- tilities, finds a sentimental stimulus in the safe arrival of the fine Indian contingent os French soil and the bull- terrierlike resistance of the Ant- Wwerpians, who, headed by their king, seek to check the German besiegers. Whether the allies or the Germans hoki St. Mihiel, between Verdun and oul, is still undisclosed by the official statements from either side. Last night the official Berlin com- munication said that the “heights of Roye were taken on September 30.” ‘This was preceded by the French of- ficial communication saying that vio- lent fighting there had resulted in fa- vor of the French. The London pa- pers today insist that the cryptic word- ing of the German statement is tanta- Curtain Soon to Be Lifted. A correspondent of the Central News at Calais, who has returned to that city from a tour in the vicinity of the allies’ left, says: “Without disclosing military secret: I can say that I have seen many things to remove any misgivings as to the outcome of the battle. The moment is near when the curtain will be lifted on the greatest drama ever seen in ar. “The position of the German right wing Wednesday, was such that a por- tion lying between Lassigny and Chaulnes ‘was in extreme danger. Above Chaulnes the German lines ess few days ago faced westward cing northwest, and have been bent back on the line of Chauines, Cambrai and Valenciennes. Sunday a German patrol was captured near Chaulnes. The fate of the Germans was due to a shortage of horses. men said that they had had nothing to eat for some days. They belonged Gen. von Kluck’s ‘commend. = “It has been apparent throughout that Gen. von Kluck’s right was made . more precarious by the crowding on him of reinforcements from the center and left by the German genera! staff. His commissariat failed. This might have been avoided if the Germans had been prepared to sacrifice their care- fully selected position in the Noyon region, but they staked everything, holding that the peril of an envelop- ment was becoming more imminent daily.” Germans Driven From Positions. A correspondent of the Dally Tele- graph in France describes the fighting 8