Evening Star Newspaper, June 13, 1898, Page 3

THE EVENING STAR, MONDAY, JUNE 13, 1898-14 PAGES. _SPECTAL NOTICES. SPECIAL NOTICES. TO THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AM = . the one hundred OF FICE © of Col seb: ule will fter this notic District ef Columbia. KNIFE AND act stitching and by dene while you wait mI smakers. At OiPENHEIM oth st. now wing Maciines for rent. | All kiads repaired, HOOvE a) BeComfortabie, Gentlemen —this warm weather. You can wearing a pair of our VES. They are 3 y dressy, decidedly e and wear like leathe Only $3 Men’s Canvas Shoes, High & Low, $3.50. Nothing more w you re- high and ‘The best at Don’t Let the Moths . Put ir winter suf ROT ee Vache ee Clothes. Eich te Bie ‘xirmen Meth Paper, Easton & Rupp, 421 Lith St Jels-14d We'll Teil You when your printing will be dene and we'll 1 it to you at that time. You'll Let us help you out RYRON S. ADAMS, Prowpt Printer, 512 11th at. Je lid At Arundel- 2 = partly Rent furnished cot t $60 and §7> A for the ne to October, THO Cottage write L. Cavanaugh, Arunde UC 0. 0. F.-MEMORIAL SERVICES WILL BE y Lodge, Sth 13th instant, spective lodges gre expected to at all Oid Fellows and friends are invited tc WM. P. join AIM TO MAKE YOUR SE so beautifully that your friends will admire them and ask “WHO THE Thix is the way we advertise. une old guarantee—fit or ne pay. J. PRED GATCHEL & CO., Tailors, 604 13th st. EB. F. MUDD, the famous cutter, is now with us. 4 mR, ngton, June i0, that on the THIRTIE will expire all licenses to the propr and ali other vehicles rs for hire; Hacks, Cabs CLAT WITH ME DR. M st. a.w., where we e of dentistry in all its alty of crown and b Dr. THOS. J- ated myself with Dr. ‘Thos. I st. u.w., where I will be pleases tw see my friends. Dr, E. S. SMITH. jed-6e OFFICE OF T ion of Augu by JULY F b shail have become sub nt now em the tax according te wing real ¢ K, Iss, of all real prope to taxation and a value the ‘rules presertive s list will inch ious to for ali bew structures tien of any st rder tbat the valuati an th same may be nas it now stands on th aS ly Said aSseseME.S C3 termired between the FIi DAYS UF JULY, 1 x Chairean, THIRD Me TUMBLE, OF THE STUCKHOL Fire lusurance Co jumbla will be held a So 12th sticet 1598, for the ele to serve te ensuing year, z o'clock p. ATauster from June lu to io i ou tion of mitt Yells open from 12 te beoks will be close COMMISSION-—ASS MENT OF BENEFiIS. Cily of Wastiugion, Dv. ©., duce 3, 1 rO SLL WHOM It MAY ©ONCERN: ‘This is W give notice that the com- wissioa to select the land for Kock Creck &, ae by authority of an act of Congress, en: Uiled, “An act authorizing the establishment of @ public park im the District of Columbia said act approved September 27, Inwv, beve ascertaiued Ue cost of the land taseu fer and wow constituting the said Kock Crevk Park, 1n- cluding the eapenzes of acquicinz safd land. Further, this ts to give notice that the said commission, acting ul said authority, wil, on THURSDAY, the twenty-third (Zid) Cay of dene, A... 1808, at two (2) oelock p.m, in Room No. 54, on the fifth for ef the Distrl building, sometimes called the Cominissioners’ vttice, Im said city, bold an adjourned 1 ee for the purpose of assessing such jon of such cost and expenses upou the jauds, lots and blecks, being real estate, situaied in’ the said District of Columbia, +pecislly beuetited by rea- f the location’ a provement of said k Creek Park, us nearly as may be in pro- portion of the benctts resulting to sail real and if the said commission shall tind the real estate in sald District directly d by reason of the location of said Kock is not benefited to the full extent of then they will assess el of Iapd specially benefited in said District to the extent of tm ae tes shall deem the wail real of the k Creek Park. real estate ary. ing of this exement as appear sion to extent Oe PERRY, ¢ Rock Creek rcoms, ing for des! SeS-1w . where special i intermation may be obtained. ‘Hodges’ latest offer’ fs to rebind whole Hbrari of books fi the beoks fa storage free till called pestal he will call, B11 Gth st BVERICAN AMMONIA MANUFACTURING Co ‘The annual meeting for the election of directors aud otherdusiness will be held at TEN O'CLOCK A. M., Juae 13, 1898, at 111 North Alfred st, Biexsideia, Va." — BR. DOOLITTLE, President. L_ SANDERSON. Secretary my31-2w* Princeton University. Examinations for admission will be held in Washington at the Civil Service Rooms on June 16 and 17, beginning at 10 a.m. on the 16th. In- quiries may be addressed to Mr. VICTOR KAUFFMANN, Evening Star office. ¥. L. PATTON, Je4-10t President. Ron FENCES AND PORCHES. We are now prepared to build Iron Fences and Porebes. Best goods, best werk and lowest vices. Estimates furnished. Catalogue of Fences ee. rwett BARBER & ROSS, 1ITH AND G STs. SCOTTISH RITE CATHEDRAL.—THE REGULAR eting of Evangelist Chapter, Rose Croix, No. . will be held TUESDAY EVENING, the’ 14th 30 o'clock. — Business—general. BO. H. WALKER, 33d deg... See. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ebts contracted In my kame without my writ- ity after June 13, 1898. JOHN H. Db. . Jelg-3t* |. K. FULTON’S LOAN OFFICE, 1218 Penna. ave.—On and after Wednesday, June 15, this office will be closed at 5 p.m. ‘On Satur- days at 8 p.m. Jel3-3t*. Come to me only for the best printed matter. Depend upon it—there is not a thing lacking in the equipmet of this Printing House—to In- sure the turning out of work of an unusually good charac In the printing of any job in- Trusted me—no matter what it Is—from ‘an ex- cursion ticket to a half-tone illustrated book- let-I can guarantee distinctive, high-class work 1 at as reasonable prices as any one can ask 1. 16 . 506 10th st. Jel3-14d Laughing Camera, 25c. we Thermometers, Frames, with ines, $1.50. rystal Warrant- Tevses, $1, ed for 10 years Eyes Examined Free Gold-filled I by our new process. At OPPENHEIMER'S, Optic it 514 Yth st. No use going round like a dead man Brace cay Sa eink Sotet ise Goa an a bracer of Tharp's fine ‘Berkeley™* u Kye occasionally. It will do you all P- the good in the world. $12 F st. now. Je13-10d OSTEOPATHY. F. H. BAIRD. G. D. KIRKPATRICK. KIMBALL BLDG., 1417 G ST. N. Consultation ana examination free. Poss BLY SHOWERS, Weather Indications for the Next Twenty-Four Hours. Forecast till 8 p.m. Tuesday—For the Dis- trict of Columbia, Delaware and Maryland, unsettled weather, possibly showers to- night: Tuesday partly cloudy weather; winds becoming southerly. For Virginia, partly cloudy weather, oc- casional showers tonight; Tuesday proba- bly fair; light variable winds. Weather conditions and general fore- t—The weather continues unsettled in «ew England, the middle Atlantic lake region, and the Ohio high in the east on the northern Rock: ‘The barometer is low © upper Mississippi valley, with a de- fon central in northern’ Minnesota. irometer has risen in New England, and on the northern it has fallen in n ea. (ture remains about station- ary in For twenty-four hours, vy. showers ending 8 a. and thunder storms , the middie At- and the t twenty- thunder storms es, the Ohio also on the the leys. During showers 4 orted in the and the lake central v; four hours ere re northern Rocky mountain plateau. Showers are indicated for the Ohio valley and the lower lake region tonight and Tuesday, and onal showers may oc- cur im the m Atlantic and Guif state: The following heavy precipitation (in inches) was reported: For the t am, Batesvill During the -four hours— » LSS: Mobfile, past tw ;_ Chattanoe Today—Low tid high ude, ‘Tomorrow— Moon. a.m.; sun sets, p.m. Moon rises 1: ‘Tomorrow—Sun rise: Gas lamps all lighte 34 p.m., extin- guishing begun at : is ti un one hour before the time named. Are lamps lighted at S:19 p.m., extii guished at 3:57 a.m. Cendition of the Water. Temperature and condition of the water at S a.m.—Gr Falls, temperature, condition, 36; receiving reservoir, temper: ture, 82; condition at north connection, th connection, 36; distribut- . 0: condition at 36, effluent gate house, am. The lighting ing res Records for Twenty-Four I urs. The following were the readings of the ther bureau thermometer at the we for night, June 8%; 2 p.m., 91 Maximum, 91, at 2 p.m. mum, 67, at 5 a.m., June 1: The following were the readings of the 68; 8 a.m., 12 noon, June 18; mini- barometer at the weather bureau for the past twenty-four hours, beginning at 4 p-m. yesterday June 12-4 p.m., 20.94; midnight, 29. June 13-4 29.9 fNAKES PICK HOPS. An Indiana Man Does Away With Hu- man Labor, From the Chicago Inter-Ocean. Hop picking is one of the principal indus- tries of this county, and gives employment to several hundred persons each year. In 1896 the employers had considerable trouble with the pickers over the question of wages. The pickers wished to be paid by the hour, but the hop growers wished to maintain the present scale by the plece. The matter as a general proposition is still unsettled except by one hop grower, Jacob Presley, on Deer Lick bottoms. He did not hire any pickers at all this year, and yet his hops are all picked and cured. The story 1s a curious one, and begins In 1895, when Mr. Presley first noticed two yellow snakes in his hop field. His first impulse was to kill them, but their actions were so odd that he stopped to watch them. The snakes would climb the hop poles and pick every blossom, throwing them upon the ground. Then they would extract a certain amount of hop from the stalk and Ss On to the next one. This set Mr. Presley to thinking if the snakes could uot be utilized instead of men and women. In the spring of 1895 thirteen yellow snakes and, he found a nest of lown by the creek, vapluring them alive, he took them home. Iu the fall he tried them, and with such success that he determined to use them this year. Accordingly, he hired no hands, to the great surprise of his neigh- bo Instead he turned the snakes loose, putting 150 baskets on the ground to catch © hops as they fell. The experiment was great success, but Mr. Presley has in- curred the deadly enmity of the Hop Pick- ers’ Union, the president of which, Bob Habernut, promises to put a boycott on Presley's snake-picked hops this winter. IMPRISONED FOR INFRINGING UPON Apollinaris “The Queen of Table Waters.” A Philadelphia party who imposed upon the public by refilling Apollinaris bottles bearing the genuine labels, and also used counterfeits of the Apollinaris labels, was recently lodged in Moyamensing Prison, Philadelphia. Complaints will receive vigorous attention if addressed to United Agency Co., 503 5th Ave., New York, Sole Agents of The APOLLINARIS CO,, Ld., London. ON THE TRANSPORTS The Army of Invasion Which Started for Cuba. SCENES OF ACTIVITY AT TAMPA Some of the Causes Which De- layed the Movement. © pean eos ORDER OUT OF CHAOS (Copyright, 1808, by Chas. M. Tepper.) PORT TAMPA, Fia., June 9,, 1898. Marine mobilization of troops such as may be witnessed at Port Tampa Is a rare sight. It was not seen during the civil war on a scale like the present one. Noth- ing of the kind may be seen again for half @ century. To send an invading force of 10,000, 20,000 or perhaps 100,000 men by wa- ter to occupy an enemy’s territory would not have been dreamed of a short while ago. Possibly that was because so many of the American people liked better to dream of peaceful settlement of our trou- bles with Spain. Or, it may have been be- cause of the delusion which had grown into a conviction that all the fighting of the fu- ture would be done by the navies. Events have destroyed that belief. In the war between the United States and Spain the navy has been performing its functions—blockading the Cuban ports, bombarding the land fortifications, striving to clear the waters of the enemy's ships. That work must continue, while another duty is added. This is to convoy the troops safely to the Cuban coasts and to protect the landing which will be the military oc- cupation of Spanish territory by the United States. The navy has been called the “floating army.” On the ships under com- mand of Admiral Sampson and Commodore Schley there are 6,000 seamen, including the marines or “sea soldiers,” of whom each vessel has its complement. Fifteen hundred marines may be on transports, but since the sailors cannot be spared from the ships the combined fleet could not land a force large enough to maintain a perma- nent occupation at any point where the Spaniards might be massed in numbers. To seize and hold the hostile territory is beyond the power of the floating army. For that reason the army itself is afloat. Its operations for some time to come are likely to be of absorbing interest. Embarkation of Troop: After several weeks’ cruising with the blockading squadrons through West Indian aters I came up to Port Tampa to watch the embarkation of the troops for the for- ward movement. The change of surround- ings is notable. The day of my arrival the mobilization was well under way. Stores, provisions, supplies, ammunition, heavy guns and light field pieces ready been loaded on the transports. Everything was life, for the troops had broken camp, struck tents and were moving across the sandy country in marching order. Camp secenes have been so fully described that nothing remains to be said. Chickamauga will fill the ranks as fast they vacated, and camp life will ripple along with its varied incidents until the last of the milliary ex- peditions sets sail for Cuba or Porto Ric In the meantime the seasoning of the volun- teers’ for war will go on, and less will be heard of their rawness and their lack of genuine military training. An afternoon and evening passed on shore listening to the talk of those who had lit- tle else to do gave me an inkling of the causes which made an earlier advance on Cuba unwise, if not impossible. There seems to have been ample ground for the indignation of General Miles at the defi- ciencies of some of the departments and at the lack of co-operation. Probably enough has been said on that subject to fix the responsibility and to guard against future negligence. It is apparent that the lessons have been quickly learned and the mistakes promptly corrected. The foreign military attaches, who have been going about in their smart uniforms raising their eye brows at the evidences of unpreparedness, have also taken a lesson in American adaptability. They have learned how quick- ly order can be brought out of confusion and how circumstances can be made to bend to an unswerving policy of pushing ahead. The only thing lacking is a provis- fon by which the constitutional guarantees might be suspended, and commanding gen- erals be given authority to hang greedy army contractors and rapacious corpora- tion officials first and try them afterward. Doubtless that is impracticable, yet it would be a powerful aid in facilitating the preparations for military operations. When it is all over and the history of hostilittes between the United States and Spain is re- viewed the American people may feel like checking off another Thanksgiving day in the calendar because the war was with an extinct and mediaeval power, instead of with a modern ration. Getting Everything in Readiness. However, in spite of the hindrances and vexations, the troops have been got in read- iness for the invasion of Cuba, and the army is not in @ state of half preparation. The morning when the departure was ex- pected Gen. Miles and Gen. Shafter were both at the port before daybreak, watching and directing every movement. Gen. Joe Wheeler was there also, with his store- house of nervous energy uncorked, seem- ingly in a dozen p!aces at once, now report- ing to Gen. Miles and now to Gen. Shafter, but always giving a good account of his volunteers. The foreign attaches, who had sat around the hotel grounds at Tampa all night, tumbled out of the cars and rubbed their eyes while they waited for the boat to take them to the Segurancia, which is the flagship and carries Gen. Shafter and his staff. Everybody was too busy to show the foreigners special courtesies, and, it is proper to say, these attaches were not ask- ing attention. When their eyes were once opened they took minute observations. During the day I heard a good deal of what in a sewing society would be called “swear talk.” The vitriolic spirit of Te- cumseh Sherman and the robust nature of Phil Sheridan seemed to be striding abroad. Men and animals were not got aboard the transports fast enough for the pushing, driving military officers. That was clear. Yet to the eye of the civilian the movement seemed to be systematic and rapid. That Steady progress was made became evident when the transports began to steam slowly out of the canal along which the dock runs and into the bay. Their places were taken at once by others, and this procession kept up until late in the afternoon. The loading of the horses and mules is more difficult than the loading of the troops. I believe that in war the life of a good horse is ac- counted of more value than that of a sol- dier, Certainly more care has to be taken and when a long voyage is in prospect the arrangements are not simple. Though most of the cavalry go dismounted and will do their campaigning in Cuba as infantry, provision has to be made for carrying a large number of animals. Besides the cay- alry regiments that do take their horses, there are the animator artillery, the staff and the mules for the pack trains. I do not know whether the plan was for the transports to move that day when the greatest activity was shown. Probably not. Yet it is worth knowing that in twelve hours an army could have been on the way much larger than Admiral Samp- son would have needed or will need to in- vest Santiago by land. That army afloat is now even stronger’than then. When the signal comes 1 move out of Tampa bay in one or two divisions for different destinations!if the needs of war so demand. Its growth is onty limited by the number of the transports, and these are recefving many additions. Whatever im- patierce may have been felt because an advance could not be made in Cuba in suf- ficient force, the cause no longer exists. The last stage of prepatation has been passed. When thesé-Hnes are published 10,000, 20,000 or 80,000 troops may be out. at s2a. i 4 2 Life on Shipboard. Meantime, while waiting the orders to advance, life on boatd the troopships is what it will be when the fleet is under way. There is one difference. Land soldiers are rot seamen. They cannot transform them- selves into hardened sailors. Neither Cuba nor Porto Rico can be reached without gaining knowledge of the Florida straits and the Gulf stream. The soldiers will all have a day or two of misery, during which the invasion of a foreign country which has to be reached by crossing lumpy waters will cause them to realize that war 1s not entirely a combat of arms at close quar- ters. But since they have been living aboard ship in the glasslike waters of a sheltefed port the soldiers have not made themselves unhappy thinking of unpleas- ant experiences that are to come. The members of the volunteer regiments who are afloat have congratulated one another at their good fortune in going with the first division, which comprises so large a part of the regular army. The regulars en- joyed their first day on the water and the edge has not been taken off their enjoy- ment. The novelty of the change has done them good. From the bugier’s morn- ing call until taps at night they are con- tent. It is a peculiar sight to look across the bay and see them perched like human flies by the scores high up in the shrouds of the vessels. This is a sport relished because it is a trifle adventurous. Another amusement is to cheer en masse at every chance. Disqiplins does not seem to suffer from these relaxations. The spirit of the men which vents itself is a wholesome one. There will be inquiry about the quarters of the soldiers on these transports. Possi- bly there will be grumbling. I have look- ed through several of them. The arrange- ments are good, both as to sanitation and as to personal comfort. Naturally neither officers nor men have the freedom that is afforded in camp. When the voyage is end- ed some elbows that will have to help sight the Krag-Jorgensen rifles may be stiff and cramped. It was necessary to utilize every inch of sea room, and this has been done. Otherwise, commodious as most of fhe transports are, they could not carry quotas of men ranging from 500 to 1,000. But every means that could be suggested for having the troops in good condition when they land seems to have been employed. On some ships even the hurricane decks have been roofed over, while on others awnings will be made to answer the pur- pose of shelter from sun and rain. The appearance of these transport ves- sels is in itself an instructive lesson in the reserve resources of ‘War. ‘There are three or four queer little craft; that might be Noah’s arks, and for which a use has been found. A few side-Wheelers are also in the fleet, but it is in the main made up of splendid merchant ships. Their present employment causes a momentary reilection on the extent to which war interrupts com- merce. Many of them plied between Amer- ican and Spanish ports, while others would not now care to take the risk of capture which, following their fermer courses at sea, would involve; but reflections of this kind can await the conclusion of hostili- tles. The transports are a notable part of the war equipment of the United States. Their appearance is the more impressive because of their similarity, The differences in design and construction are lost in the harmonious general outline. Each has the single big and lofty smokestack and the rigging without yardarms. They do not have military masts, conning towers, tur- rets, barbettes or immense guns. All such sullen evidence of war engincery is lacking. Yet they have that which is a more vivid sign of war. This is the presence of the swarming soldiers who make beehives of the ships. Capacity of the Transports. Daytime gives an idea of the potential capacity of the transports. Night also of- fers its victure. The contrast with the blockading squadrons would be a marked one. A stretch of dark canvas with here and there a black splotch would answer for the squadron of warships, whether lying off Havana, drifting with the gulf stream, or cruising at half speed. No ship's lights are shown with Sampson and Schley, and it takes a sharp lookout to keep one bl mass from drifting Into another. When lights are shown they are usually flashing signals, which appear and disappear in a moment, leaving only the darkness of the waters. When the searchlight is flashed it is generally at close and blinding range. The boat to which the searchlight is direct- ed finds itself right under a dazzling eyo of tremendous brilliancy, which seems to glare from out of space, for nothing of the war- ship can be seen. Before the blinding effect is over the searchlight has gone out sud- denly. But the conditions are not the same in the waters adjacent to Port Tampa, where the transports haye been lying. Spanish warships would run aground in trying to thread thiir way through the keys and shoals to the inner bay. If they did seek to approach they would be sighted at Eg- mont key, thirty miles away. No hostile craft could sneak through the shoals there without being observed. So while a patrol is maintained, it is not such a one as would be required at sea. Instead of having to drift with the gulf stream, the transports may be moored along the dock, where they can be discerned almost as a continuous line of light, or anchored out in the stream, where their masthead lights swing high enough to be confused with the low-hang- ing stars. Officers and crews of the gun- boats which occasionally come up from the fleet enjoy the change that enables them to pass the night in something less than utter and outer darkness. When a search- light is*fyashed it usally pencils the sky like a moonlight raintiow, Instead of shoot- ing out of nowhere fike @n arrow. When the regimental bands have played their g00d night and the calm is over the waters the darkness may ‘yet be broken. Th? small boats move about with their lights seeming as fireflies in thé distance, while the signals are as wfil-o’-the-wisps, which nefther approach nor recede. ‘This is the army afloat @s I have seen it for several days and nights past. When the anchors are lifte@ and the vessels are putting out to sea the scene will be more impressive. Possibly ‘that will have hap- pened by the time these Hnes are printed, or it may be happening while they are read. I do not know what are tie plans for con- voy. If, when the advance begins, Spanish warships are supposed to be in walt any- where the battle ships, armored cruisers, gunboats and torpedo craft will be detailed in numbers strong enough to give more than sufficient protection. If the enemy’s vessels are all located, some of the liglfter cruisers and gunboats may be thought enough for the convoy. Yet this fleet of troop ships is worthy of a convoy which will show the blending of naval and mili- tary strength of the United States. If there be favoring winds, and the transports are able to employ sail as well as steam, that will be an exhibition to be recorded. If they should have the cruisers New York and Brooklyn and the battle ships Oregon and Towa for escort across the gulf, the ex- hibition will be a majestic demonstration of power. CHARLES M. PEPPER. NEEDED FOR DEFENSE Mr. Newlands’ Argument for Hawaiian Annexation. EXPANSION 18 NOT THE QUESTION But Protection and Perfection of What We Have. THIS COUNTRY’S GROWTH During the course of the debate on the proposed annexation of Hawaii, Mr. New- lands of Nevada, author of the annexation resolution under consideration, spoke at length in the House of Representatives this afternoon: Mr. Newlands, in opening, said that he would not discuss the question ef constitutional power that had been rais- ed. He would assume that a country which, in one hundred years, had increased its territory to five times its former area, had not done so without constitutional and legal right. He would assume that the ac- quisition of territory was a right belonging to sovereignty; that the country which could acquire Florida and the adjacent Louisiana and the great Missis- sippi and Missouri valleys by purc! Texas by annexation, New Mexico and up- lifornia by conquest and Alaska by could also acquire Hawaii by , freely accepied by the enactment of its la that the country which could acquire continental :erritory cculd acquire tMsular territory; that the ccuntry which could acquire Alaska, sep- arated 2,000 miles from us by land, could acquire Hawaii, separated from u 00) miles by sea; that the country which could acquire the nearest isiands to Flerda could acquire the neare: nds to California. The question w » of policy ani pediency, not of powe Mr. Newlands said that the annexution of Hawali would, vnfortunateiy, in che minds of many be considered in connection with the Philippine question. The Ha- Waiian question was not one of colonial ex- pansion, but simply of territorial defense, but, unfortunately, many who are opposed to an imperial policy, while recognizing the importance of Hawaii as a defense to the Pacific coast against foreign attack, feared that Hawaiian annexation might garded as the commencement of general colonial expansion. How Our Country Has Grown. Mr. Newlands showed that the thirteen original states comprised only square miles, while our present territory, including Alaska, included 3,(0,000 square miles. In other words, our present area was nearly five times as great as when our republic was established. Was it merely lust of territory, or was it accident, or was it the conviction that our boundary on the south should be the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Grande, on the east the Atlantic, on th west the Pacific and on the north the St Lawrence and the great lakes, or possibl the polar sea, that led to this enlarge- ment of territory? There was no need of additional terri- tory to meet the requirements of popula- tion. The entire population of today could be put into the thirteen original states without overcrowding them. Part of the territory was acquired by war, part by ne- gotiation and purchase, but it must be con- ceded that the central idea was to rectify our boundaries, to enlarge our wes: frontiers and to separate us by vast oc lakes, gulfs and rivers from px mies whose proximity would occ 3 ment and maintenance establishments as a me ans, ble ene- the sion of Insular Expansion. Mr. Newlands called attention to the fact that while these acquisitions were conti- nental, and, with the exception of Alaska, contiguous, the very purpose of territorial defense née rily involved the peaceful tion of Islands adjacent to our coast 1d be made the base of naval attack, and which in the poss ion of strong powers would constitute a constant menace to our coast. Had our forefathers contemplated our vast terri- torial expansion since achieved they would doubtless have regarded the acquisition of the Bahamas and West Indies as impor- tant. They would have realized that these islands would have controlled access to the Gulf of Mexico’ and bar the way to the Isthmian canal some time to be built by this country, and they would have felt th the session of these islands by the gr powers of England, France and Spain as hazardous to our peaceful i: to our commercial supremacy pation of contiguous continental territor Could they have foreseen the growth naval power they would have realized t foreign aggression would take the form, not so much of invasion by military force, but of nav tack on our merchant ‘ine and coast cities, and that such attack would be inoperative without convenient coaling stations. Our country was a great commercial union of states. Such union promoted in- terstate commerce, did away with standin armies, necessary to independent states, gave relief from militarism and increased the productive power of the nation. The very policy which embraced the acquisition of contiguous continental territory should also embrace the acquisition of adjacent islands whose annexation would increase the distance between us and possible foes. The islands in the Atlantic were so numer- ous as to make the task of their acquisiciun at present Impossible, and besides the ne- cessity of such adjacent islands was dimin- ished by the nearness of the European coast. This was demonstrated by the re- cent operations of the Spanish fleet from the Cape de Verde and Canary Islands as a base, a movement which created alarm and apprehension along our entire coast and demonstrated the efficiency in war of a hostile naval station 2,500 miles from our coast. This movement also demonstrated that an attacking fleet or navy can be less than a defensive navy with a long coast line to protect. No pen could picture the result had Spain been a first-class naval power, with the Canary Islands, Porto Rico end Cuba as a base of supplies and of at- ck. Mr. Newlands then described our posi- tion on the Pacific ocean, with a coast line, including Alaska, double that of the Atlan- tic coast. We were there likely to be con- fronted with the great powers of Europe, who were intent upon the division of China and whose navies would be concentrated there, each of them superior to our own. The contests of the future would be over the commerce of the Pacific ocean. Islands of the Pacific. The United States, said Mr. Newlands, was in possessicn of the Aleutian Islands, stretching out from Alaska north and west of Hawaii. Between these islands and the tropics, a distance of about 5,000 miles, and between San Francisco and Hong Kong, a distance of neariy 7,000 miles, were the Hewaiian Islands, 2,200 miles from San Francisco and 4,909 from Hong Kong, pos- sessing a limited soil of great fertility, an unsurpassed climate, a small population and an incomparable harbor called Pearl harbor. This harbor, said Mr. Newlands, was nine miles from Honolulu, and was capable of being so fortified, at a small expense, as to defy the navies of the wor! even without the aid of a supporting nav: It was equal to the harbor of Santiago de Cuba in its defensive capacity, and supe- rior in that it was large enough to ac- commodate the navies of the world. It was the only herbor on the islands capable of defense, Honolulu itself being an open port. In the possession of a foreign power it could be made the base of a supply and attack against every point of our Pacific ecast, from the Aleutian Islands to San Diego. With Hawaii as a base, Spain, if in possession of u sufficient navy, could destroy our merchant marines on the Pa- cific coast, capture the ships returning sees eee with gold and raid the entire coas' ‘Without Hawaii no naval power could aim an attack on us from the Asiatic coast, as recoaling would be impossible. Costly coast fortifications and a large navy would be required for coast defense. With these islands in our possession no hostile attack- ing force could reach us from the Asiatic coast, and costly military and naval pro- tection would be unnecessary. These is- lands had been taken possession of three times in the last century by stronger pow- ers. The Hawailan republic is incapable of resisting aggression. Its islands must fail into hands of some strong power, or else, FINANCIAL. ere rcccccccccscccoscoeee :>Washington Nat’l: ‘Building & Loan :) :Association (° (" & : Joseph D. Taylor’... . President : Geo. F. Huff....Vice President. 3 > Wm. H. Taylor......Treasurer. ¢ J. C. 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Situations: with an increasing Japan: revolution and Japanese cont nent. ‘0 insist on the independence of these lands, in case Hawaii should be willing to seek the support of some stronger power, would be insufferable arrogance on our part after having refused their annexation. A protectorate would impossible, for that would incur the obligation of protec- tion, but without the power to control the action of the people protected. Such action might Involve serious international comp'i- cations, through the possible arrogance or indiscretion of the Hawaiian people. Nor could ‘we guarantee their independence un- jess they wished to maintain it, and this would be doubtful in view of a possible conflict of internal forces. Simply a Treaty Right. Every administration since the time of Pierce had recognized the relation of the Hawaiian Islands to our coast defense and to our commerce. The exclusive right for our ships to enter Pearl harbor and exel sive right to improve same had been cured by treaty. Yet the treaty right terminable by either party. No juris tion was given, not a foot of ground secured to build fortifications qn. The laws of Hawaii would be enforced there, and not these of the United State: population, are immi- The advantage of owning Hawaii was that it served not only for naval defense, but for commercial expansion. Such ex: pansion need not be either colonial or ter- ritcrial, but the importance of Hawaii as the half-way station in the’ Pacific ocean, between the orient and the isthmian canal and between the orient and San Francisco, could not be denied. The expansion of our merchant marine meant peaceful and con- servative expansion. It involved the en- largement of our navy for its protection, and this made a coaling station, such as Hawaii, indispensable. The position of Hawaii was so unique as to make its pos- session essential to the control of the com- merce of the Patific, which before many years would surpass in importance the commerce of the Atlantic. Philippine Question. Mr. Newlands objected to yoking the Philippine and Hawaiian questions togethes He said this was attempied by those who thcught that Hawaiian annextion involved colonial expansion—that it was the begin- ning of the end—that the rise and fall of nations was marked by centralization of power and expansion of empire, followed by decentralization and decay. Others urged postponement until the close of the war, in order to consider the Philippine question and the Hawaiian question to- gether. If the Philippines were to be ac- quired it was clear that Hawaii wes abso- lutely necessary, but Hawaiian annexation did not rest upon the question of colonial expansion. The wisdom of colonial expan- sion was to be doubted. ‘The doctrine v hich sought to confine the growth of this country to coftinental and contiguo1s territcry must necessarily em- brace adjacent islands, reeded for the de- fense of our coast line. The fortunes of war had thrown the Philippines under our control. ‘heir invasicn was no part of our plan of carepaign, which involved simpiy the occupation of Cuba and the destruction o? the Spanish navy as the only means of resisting such occupation. Dewey’s was @ brilliant victory, and he was true to the military instinct in holding on to the en- emy’s territory as a pledge of peace. Wi statesmansfiitp would be required to settle the Philippine question. but it had no @on- nection with Hawail. The Philippine ques- fen was one of war, conquest and possibly. cetonial expansion; the Hawaiian question was one of peace and defense of the con- tinental territory now owned by us. The Philippine question was new and must be threshed out; the Hawaiian question was old, and Hawaiian annexation was simply the final step in a gradual process of evo- lution. Mr. Newlends stated that he was not a believer in colonial expansion. Our coun- try was large enough. We have a country large enough to support 1,000,000,000 people. Our problems of internal development would be sufficient to engross our atten- ticn. It was not necessary to reach out for ter- ritcry or to add to our dominion simply for the purpose of acquiring new territory. Our policy should be to perfect what we had, to secure scientific boundaries that weuld diminish the chances of hostile at- tack, minimize our military and naval ex- penditures and at the same time secure to us our rightful commerce. Hawaii was an outpest in the Pacific ocean essential to the protection of our defensive coast line, and, in addition, it offered great commercial ad- ventages wuich wise statesmanship could not disregard. 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