Evening Star Newspaper, August 4, 1897, Page 11

—_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_ ROAD TO KLONDIKE | #YoROPHoBIA TREATMENT How the Gold Hunters Will Make Their Way to the Golconda. SAILING OVER SEAS AtLand Where Horses Are Unknown and Dogs Are Worth $500. OF SNOW THE CHILKOOT PASS (Copsright, 1 by the Bacheller Syndicate.) Written for The Eve: ing s The late E. J. Glave, who first used pack horses in Alaska so recently as 1890, would be considerably astonished if he could see the development his bright idea has led up to In sever years. Every vessel which has gone to Juneau with supplies for the great Klondike mining region has carried pack horses for use on the famous Chilkoot pass. Probably there are now rot less than two or three hundred pack animals on the pass, where in 18 the appearance of these un- known equine “big dogs” filled the native breast with apprehension. Other feelings than apprehension now fill the breast of the noble red man at sight of the horses. In the old d: supplies went on Indians’ backs ip summer. Abou: eighty or ninety ar pounds made a load and the carrier him- self ate three or four pounds of food per day. Obviously, under such conditions, time was up in about thirty Gays at the most. or, if the Chilkoot were passed and the nt Indians s k, the stock of food was considerably diminished and the cost of the remainder almost prohibitive, for the Indians demanded $2 a day and upward for their services. During the present season ‘herses have ven used to pack dry groceries over the while sheep and oxen have been be slaughtered on the other after the point of embarkation down en an Indian, who eats the food he carries, and a sheep, which lives on the FS of the short arctic summer while surefootedly scaling the rocks, and after- ward becomes meat itself, is considerable— in favor of the sheep. Dry groceries, but not live animals, owing to the prohibitive fretghts, can also be taken into interior Alaska by way of the Yukon fiver, but this route is slow and uncertain. After the middle of July, when the rush for the Klondike began, it was useless to go to the Yukon’s mouth and then, too late in the season, begin the weary 1,850 miles of up- current navigation in shallow water. In- deed, those who attempted it will probably get only as far as St. Michaels in the lower river this fall and must ccmplete the jour- ney in early spring—eariy, that is, for Alaska; say along in Mzy ‘and June. If the ice furms in the Yuken late this year and the journey of those who set out is completed, it will occupy 35 or 40 days or probably mcre. In the Spring. The best time to go into the interior of Alaska by the Juneau route is early spring, before the ice has left the river and lakes, or the snow has melted from the pass, and after the worst of the winter is over. But the gold hunters who are néw stream- ing over the pass have no notion of wait- ing until spring. The summer method of travel, after passing Chilkoot with the aid of the pack horses, is to build or buy a clumsy, flat-bottomed batteau at the saw mill on the upper Lous river and row down the stream upon ft, fighting off the -e swarms of mosquitoes and avoiding tant danger from rovgh water on the inland lakes, where a stiff breeze can blow up white caps at ten minutes’ notice. Lake Lindermann, Lake Bennett, Tagish and Mud lakes, and particularly Lake Labarge, are noted for rough water. During the last half ot the journey the banks of river and lakes are low and monotonous, and knee deep in mud during the short summer. Altogether, the trip by beat is exhausting and disagreeable, not the least of its dis- advantages being that it lands the gold- seeker at last, after floating down the river from Port Selkirk to the mouth of the Klondike, in camp just at the beginning of the ten months’ winter. The Wild Chilkoot Pass. Chilkoot pass is “mighty onsartin™ after September 15. There may be snowstorms at almost any time so fierce and wild as to interrupt passage. Still later in the sea- son it will be foolhardy for greenhorns to attempt the trip at all. But the greed of gcld is a powerful incentive, and it is cer- tain that travel inland will be continued this fall long after the usual quitting time, and will be attempted in good weath- er in winter. And as those who partici- pate in it will be in many cases men un- used to danger and exposure, it is difficult to see how loss of life is to be avoided. After the first heavy snow falls, sledges car be used to transport goods over the pass, and dogs employed to drag them, in a cold which would soon render pack ponies useless. When the ice has suf- ficiently frozen the lakes and rivers, na- ture has prepared a perfectly smooth road for the sledges, and many miles a day may be made with the utmost ease. On a running stream, new ice is treach- erous, and an involuntary bath in the Oc- tober or November waters of the upper Yukon is not a thing to be greatly desired. But men who are used to it travel all win- long in the neighborhood of the arctic cle. Circle City and other points above joy a mail once a month. The runners who take out and bring in letters are men inured to exposure and thoroughly ac- quainted with the road. Sledging. “Sledging in” is a pleasanter process in the spring than at any other time. Then, wi a thermometer never very many de- grees below zero, the heavy snow has filled up the rough places on the rocky pass and has become sufficiently hard to bear the ser well. Fresh falls of snow are rather less likely than in the autumn, the days are longer and the wind gencrally bicws from the south. At such a time the Voyageur can often extemporize a sail out of « “three-point blanket” slung to a erot stake, pile his quarreling, biting dogs on top of the load and go ice-boating away to the north, twenty or thirty miles ata time, at a spanking, satisfactory rate. There's many a bad tip-over in this kind of progress, but it's easy and it’s quick, ard these are reasons that appeal power- fully to a man in a hurry for gold. Dogs are worth from $00 to $00 in the neighborhood of Dawson, the new city. Th® supply of dogs that will stand the climate fs limited, and the price mounted sharply upon news of the big gold strike. ny a dog bought at such prices will be ed and eaten this coming winter on the ndike. As by that time the poor dog ill be reduced to skin and bone and will not weigh much, his meat may represent $15 to $0 a pound. But Klondike wili be lucky if meat doesn’t run even higher be- fere spring brings a new supply. The Houndary. The new places are indubitably on Brit- ish soil; but as the road thither, whether by the Yukon or by Chilkoot pass, leads through United States territory, there ould be a settlement of the long vexed Alaska boundary question. The line crosses the Yukon in the heart of the gold region. Here there is no dispute. The lilst parallel of latitude is the line, need- ing only surveying and making. But from Mt. St. Elias southward John Bull wants to measure the “ten marine leagues” in. Isnd, which the line is not to exceed, from the outer edge of the islands instead ef from the shere of the mainland itself, ‘This makes a very considerable distance in a region likely soon to be very useful for sriculture, for fish-eanniag and hydraulic and stamp milling. Much of Alas- old still comes from quartz mills ar salt water, in spite of the superior ness of the less easily reached Klon- ——-——-2- Twyan—“Copingstone must be really a ™man of some consequence.” Triplett—“What have you heard?” 2 “He has refused to pay $25 to get his , diography into the International Encyclo- pedia of Prominent Citizens.” How the North American Indians Oured Victims of the Disease. An Interesting Contribution to Remedies for Canine Rabies by Dr. Pope. the ‘To the Editor of The Evening Star: As is well known to physicians versed in the history of medicine, the literature of canine rabies is very extensive and com- plete, dating from the earliest historical ages and among nearly all the various races and nations of the earth. The disease has been observed and de- seribed by the early Greek and Roman Beets, philosophers and physicians—Homer, Eneas, Lucan, Petronius, Aurelianus, Dem- ocritus, Aristotle, Asclebiades, Celsus, Dios- ccrides, Hippocrates, Galen and Avicenna the Arabian. Allusions and descriptions are also found among the early poets and writers of the sacred mysteries of Egypt, Persia and India. Severe and frequent epidemics of this disease mong wolves, foxes and dogs have prevailed from time to time ever since the thirteenth century throughout different countries in Europe—France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Russia, Denmark and Hungary— in the West Indies, and in the early part of this century on this continent in the Can- adas and a few of the western staces, not- ably Ohio. As to treatment, all possible modes, in- ternal and external, that the superstitions of mankind could evolve or the invention of mankind apply, have been employed with various degrees of success and failure. The materia medica has been ransacked, but notwithstanding the great advance of med- ical science at the present day, the true nature of this disease is as great a mystery as ever, and in all human probability, will, like the true nature of many other diseases, continue to remain a profound mystery till the end of time. In your issue of 27th July the so-called Buisson treatment of hydrophobia is de- scribed. To well-informed members of the medical profession the principle involved has been known from the earliest times among different races and nations. It was called the ‘‘sudorific or sweating treatment,” and has for ages been applied in rheuma- tism, tetanus (lockjaw), often with brilliant results, and in this disease also with many striking cures in early and re- cent times. The Indian Method. To those who may be interested in the subject I will relate the plan of treatment practiced among many of the aboriginal Indian tribes of the Canadas and north- west, as was described to me many years ago by the distinguished Indian writer and traveler, Herry R. Schoolcraft, whom I knew; by Stanley, the well-known Indian artist; by other Indian travelers, and in particular by my father, who was a student and practitioner of medicine more than sev- enty years ago with his uncle, Dr. Willard Smith, the most eminent. surgeon in that & day in Buffalo, N. ¥Y. Both these men were thoroughly acquainted with the mode of treating various diseases prevalent among the remnants of the aboriginal tribes in the Canadas and western New York. Hydro- phobia wes not of infrequent oceur- rence among these Canada and Niag- tra Indians, residents and soldiers on the border, in that early day. The treatment of that disease among the Indians was mainly as follows: As soon as the bitten Indian began to feel the first symptoms of the disorder, manifested by more or less stiffness of the muscles of the jaws and neck, with dryness or swelling of the throat, a pit was cug in his hut or outside, six or eight feet square by two feet deep; a great num- ber of large cobblestones were threwn in and a big fire kindled over them. When the stones were red hot, the cinders and ashes were raked out, and a large quan- tity of spruce and juniper boughs thor- oughly wet were laid over the stones to the depth of the pit. Sometimes gypsum weed (Satura stramonium) or water hem- lock leaves were mixed with them. The Indian was stripped, wrapped up in blanket and stretched himself on the pile, a great quantity of additional boughs were laid over him, leaving his head out, or some- times a long hollow reed was placed in his mouth, so ne could breathe with head cov- ered. Buckets of water were thrown on the pile, which, trickling down to the hot stones, evolved vast volumes of steam, mingled with the liberated volatile ¢s- sences of the spruce, juniper, etc. (the juniper acting profusely on the kidneys). At the same time a tea of Indian tobacco (Lobetia Inflata) was given him to drink in small and frequent doses, short of vom- iting. This Lobelia produced great nausea and complete relaxation of every muscle in the body. There is no remedy in the whole materia medica capable of safely producing complete relaxation of the mus- cular system like this. It is often seen among beys and young men in their first experience with smoking or chewing to- bacco. Strong red pepper tea was also sometimes given to control too great nau- sea. The sweating was simply tremen- dous, and when the patient was taken out of his bath, which was continued for three or four hours, according to the severity of the case, he was limp as a wet rag, and scarce able to move a finger or even to wink. He was then wrapped in dry blank- ets, laid on his cot, a little whisky and red pepper tea given, and he would sink into a quiet sleep for twelve or even twen- ty-four hours, wake up and often express himself as feeling better than ever before in the whole course of his life. This peculiar result has been witnessed in thousands of cases of vomiting and re- laxation from lobelia given for other dis- eases. Sometimes one bath would be sufficient to cure the case, other cases required sev- eral baths repeated every day, for several days, or two or three times a week for a fortnight or more. Doctor Smith stated that he never saw a case fail to be cured where the baths were applied in time. The Indians also applied this treatment with entire success in cases of traumatic teta- nus (lockjaw), as well as other diseases Chloroform, chloral, ether, etc., were un- known in that day, and it is still a question among many eminent physicians whether they are really of any use in hydrophobia, as they only partially relieve pain, and sometimes hasten the fatal termination; as for jaborandi, it merely stimulates free s ting and has no marked effect In pm- ducing mvscular relaxation, an important factor in the treatment of these terrible diseases. Some inexperienced physicians lose their heads in attempting to manage such cases; they pour in their chloroform, ether, chloral, morphine, atropine bromiics and curare, by hypederm8, or otherwise, in a helter-skelter manner, regardless or ignorant of the fact that some of these remedies antidote each other, and the re- sult, so far as any relief or cure Is con- cerned, is either nil or speedy exhaustion of the system. Like pocr marksmén, de- ‘termined ‘o hit the bull's-eye at all haz- ards, they load their guns with slugs, bul- lets, nails, buck-shot and snipe shot, and blaze away. As to Cauterization. In regard to cauterization, so essential in placing any case on a comparatively safe footing at the outset, physicians well know that it is often done in a very care- less or ineffectual manner. Druggists fre- quently undertake it, which they should never be permitted to do, unless properly instructed. A man or child is suspiciously bitten. He runs to the nearest drug store, greatly frightened. The proprietor or his ch jabs a stick of lunar caustic or ni- trate of silver over the wound, and says: . you're all right now; don’t worry over it,” and that is the end of it. Ten chances to one that the caustic never reaches tae bottom of the bite. This is the very worst of all possible treatment, as all well-informed physicians know. No wonder many such cases break out in full- fledged hydrophobia in a few weeks. Such open and allowed to lacerations excision is the only remedy. The distinguished English chemist, Sir Humphrey Davy, while out In the fields on @ geological excursion, was attacked and severely bitten on the calf of his leg by a rabid dog. Having no knife at hand, with characteristic British courage, he braced his leg against a rock and absolutely chop- ped a Piece out of his calf with a cold chi and hammer, bound it up with a wisp of straw and walked several miles to the nearest farm house, all safe. He carried the scar to his grave. Stationed at Queenstown, or Fort Erie, Canada, was a clever English surgeon, who had been a great traveler in foreign countries, had made hydrophobia a special study, and among all the different modes of treatment gave his decided preference to the Indian method as most successful. From him Dr. Smith and my father learned a mode of cauterization which, according to their statements, was entirely successful in aborting the disease when applied with- in twenty-four or even forty-eight hours of the bite. It was as follows: The wound was thoroughly washed with quite warm water to favor a free flow of blood ,and then sucked by the lips of the patient or doctor, until blood ceased to flow. and the wound was dry as could be made so. Sometimes a cupping glass was used. but the sucking was considered most effectual. The Use of Black Ink. Then the doctor took a teaspoonfil or so of common biack ink in his mouth, and, applying his lips closely to the wound, slowly and firmly forced the ink into it. Small syringes were not manufactured in those days. Sometimes it was blown through a small straw or goose quill, but there was danger of rupturing the connec- tive cellular tissue under the skin or be- tween the muscles, and the ink would go where it was not needed. Forced in by the lips it would gradually insinuate itself in- to the skin, cellular tissue or muscle, wherever the tooth entered, and nowhere else. “What is the object of this?’ one asks. You will see presently. This ink thoroughly blackened the inside track of the dog’s tooth, affording a perfect clue or guide to the surgeon in the subsequent steps of the operation. He then takes scaipel and forceps and carefully dissects down, following the ink stain and nowhere else, until he reaches the bottom of the wound, which truly shows the entire track and limit reach of the tooth. Then, cleansing away the blood, he cau- terizes the wound from top to bottom all along the ink-stained flesh, and nowhere else—not with silver nitrate or lunar cans- tic, which only albumenize the flesh, but with fuming nitric acid or a red-hot piece of iron (a tenpenny nail or common stove- pipe wire will do). This destroys the pois- oned flesh immediately. The wound is kept open, dressed with a simpie flaxseed or slippery elm poultice until suppuration has ceased, from the bottom, and healing has begun. At first glance this operation seems terribly severe, but who would not gladly submit to it where such important issues as life or a dreadful death were at stake? Cutting through the skin is severe, but cutting the flesh and the subsequent burning is not so severe as many suppose, and the application of cocaine greatly deadens all sensibility. Did the limits of this article allow, many cases could be cited that came under the careful observation of the physicians men- tioned, as well as others of the past gen- eration, confirmatory of the great success of the Indian mode, crude as it seems, and particularly the mode of cauterization de- scribed. Of course, in cities it would be difficult to apply the treatment in detail. Men of narrow minds and prejudices will sneer at what they are pleased to stigma- tize as Indian powwowism, quackery and ‘Thompsonianism; but {f they can find any- thing better in their scientific budget let them show it. Desperate diseases require desperate remedies. Simple vapor baths have had their successes as well as fail- ures. How important factors the volatile essences of the spruce, juniper or stramo- nium, combined with the hot steam, may be in assisting the elimination of the hy- drophobic poison it is impossible to say; but absorption, under favorable circum- stances, by the pores of the skin of many medical virtues, effectually curing many obstinate diseases, which can be cured no other way, is a well-known fact in the science and art of medicine. G. W. POPE, M.D. ee gee A Devout Cabman. From Harper's Round Table. The ways of the cabby are past compre- hension, and the driver of the hansom in London is no different from his brother of the jinrikisha of Japan. One of the latest and most amusing tales ecncerning the noble band of drivers comes from a litile fishing village in the north of Scotland. The chapel of this queer and sparsely populated town depended en- tireiy for its supply on the occasional help of the clergy in neighboring towns. It so happened that upon a certain very rainy Sunday a new clergyman from the town of S— volunteered to conduct services in the little chapel, and in order to get there he engaged a vehicle which the En- glish know as a “fly,” in which through the pouring rain he was driven across the country to the chapel. Upon his arrival he found no one at hand, not even a sexton to toll the bell to summon the natives, so he took it upon himself to pull the rope, leaving the cabby meanwhile outside in the wet. For a long time nobody arrived, but finally one solitary individual did ap- pear, and »at down in a pew nearest the door. The clergyman then donned his surplice and began the service. When this was ended he observed that inasmuch as there was but one member of the congregation he thought it would be well to dispense with the sermon. “Oh, no, sir. Please go on with the ser- mon.” When half way through he expressed the fear that perhaps he was tiring his listener, and was much gratified to learn from his own lips that such was not the case. “I should be glad to listen to you for hours, sir,” he said, and so the sermon Tran on to an hour in length, and finally the service was concluded. The preacher then expressed a desire to shake hands with so flattering an auditor. And then the trick came out—a trick which the clergyman’s near-sightedness had pre- vented him from seeing at once. His listener was none other than the driver of the fly, who was all the time charging him at so much an hour for the use of his vehicle. The minister did not even have the con- solation of getting even by ordering a collection. —__-+-e-___. .007's Introduction, Rudyard Kipling in Scribner's. Now a locomotive is, next to a marine engine, of course, the most sensitive thing man ever made; and No. .007, besides be- ing sensitive, was new. The red paint was hardly dry on his spotless bumper-bar, his headlight shone like a fireman's helmet In. a street parade, and his cab might have} been a hardwood-finish parlor. They had run into the round house after his trials he had said good-bye to his best friend in the shops, the overhead traveling crane; the big world was just outside and—the other locos were taking stock of him. He looked at the semicircle of bold, unwinking head- lights, heard the low purr and mutter of the steam mounting in the gauges, scornful hisses of contempt as a slack valve lifted a little, and would have given a month’s ofl for leave to crawl through his own driving wheels into the brick ash-pit beneath him. .007 was an eight-wheeled “American” loco, but a little different from others of his type, and as he stood he was worth $10,000 on the company’s books. But if you had it him at his own valuation, after half an hour’s waiting in the darkish echoing round house, you would have saved exactly $0,090.98. A heavy Mogul freight, with a short cow- and a deep fire box, that came down within three inches of speaking to a dation, who was visiting. “Where did this thing blow in from?” he asked, with a dreamy puff of light .007 quivered, his steam was getting up, but he held his Even a hand car locomotive it was that didn’t read it. It doesn’t in- know.” " “Yes; but I THE EVENING STAR, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1897—12 Baffoostion and Deathvthe Fate of All Who Persisted imthe Work. ose A Heavy Cloud Lay Like a wet Blanket Over the Mouth of the Tun- nel, bat the Engineer Escaped. ——— Written for The Evening Star by Cy. Warman. (Copyright, 1887, the;8. 8. McClure Co.) The highest point reached by any rail- way (ot a cogway) in the Rocky mountains is at Alpine pass on the iver, Leadville and Gunrison, a part of the once mighty Union Pacific system. Marshall pass on the Rio Grande is 10,050 feet, Tennessee pass 11,000, but Governor Evans, who built the road over Alpine pass, climbed up and up until he reacked timber line, and then, diving under the eternal snow, he tunneled througn the top of the towering range and sme out on the Pacific slope. It cost a mountain of money to make the grade and bore the big hole in the hill, but the Gunnison country at that time was at- tracting the attention of the mining world and the cost of the railway was not taken seriously into consideration so long as it tapped the Gunnison. , e timbering, we are told, in this great tunnel came from the red-wood forests of California, and had to be hauled up to the top of the range on the backs of burros. Finally the road was completed, but the Gurnison boom was already dying, the winter came on and the new railway was elksed up, for no amount of “ducking” with pilot plows could keep the heavy drifts from the deep cuts. In five years the road was almost entirely abandoned. A few years ago, when, through the breaking up of the Union Pacific system, the nar- Tow gauge came back to the. origi- nal owners, the ambitious manager un- dertook to reopen the railway over Alpine pass. It was a big undertaking. The snow near the tunnel had been there for many months, some of it for years, and when June came you might still walk over the top of six feet of hard snow where the Toad lay. It was a novel sight to see three or four big locomotives pushing a rotary show plow through the white waste, for only the furrow in the forest showed where the road wound away up among the high hills. Where the mountain side was steep the solid stream of snow, as big around as the wheel of a bicycle, shot up from the snow machine, clear over the top of the telegraph poles, and went crashing dcwn through tall spruce and stately pine, stripping them of their branches, un- til the whole hillside was carpeted with the. green boughs that had been torn from the trees. After many days of constant and persistent pounding they reached the tunnel, and found it filled up solid with snow and ice. It was like boring a new tunnel, almost, but they worked away until they were more than half way through, and then they began to have trouble. There were no chimneys, or shafts for the bad air to es- cape, and when they began to use loco- motives to haul the snow out the coal gas from the engines made it almost unsafe for men to work there. Dozens of Lives Lost. Already the literary bureau of the pas- senger department was trying (but failing, for no man could do ity to paint pictures of the wonderful sceneryef Adpine pass. And it is wonderful; there as hething like it in all the Rocky mount region nor in the Alps. But all the gtarfeur of all the world will not suffice‘to hold men where they can feel upon their throats the cold fingers of the grim reapen, and every day the force decreased. Dozens of lives had been lost in the builditg of the tunnel. The place, when full of blat& sqnoke, seemed to the workmen to be alive with the ghosts of men who had met death. there. Every night now the: men rehearsed the ox see of the buttdivg of the great urrel at the boarding tain at the foot of the hill. Every capenabr eect up to the Pass, and old men with time checks tramp- ed down the Arkansas. The ice near the west end of the tunnel me so hard that it had to be blasted’ out, and two men were killed at blasting,,.Expert miners were brought down trom Leadville, but they smelled death in the damp of the Place and in the breath of the blind steed that was cver. puffing and snorting in and out. The noise and smoke of the blasting added to the other perils of the place, and now the men worked with one eye on the exit, or in the direction of the open end of the tunnel. If the engine slipped or snort- ed the men would start, ready to stam- pede like a herd of Texas steers. It was an awful strain upon the nerves of men to work in that way from day to day, and then add to the anxiety by rehearsing their experiences in the boarding cars at night One day the engineer became excited, blew his whistle, and backed away hurriedly, killing or crippling a half dozen men. Things went so badly that the gen- eral manager took his private car and camped on a spur near the tunnel, to heip and encourage the workmen. Great prep- arations had been made for a grand ex- cursion over the pass on the Fourth of July. It was now the last week of June, and the road not yet opened. Down at Denver they were constructing observation cars to carry the people through the new wonderland. An espectally elaborate car- riage had been made for the accommoda- tion of the governor and his staff. Filled With Smoke and Ga But there came a day up there when the clouds lay heavy upon the hills, and there was not a breath of air stirrins. Fortunately for the workmen they had broken a hole through the ice at the far end of the tunnel, and now, encouraged by the fresh air and another exit, worked with a will to clear the place. The engine went snorting in and out, with three flat cars in front of her, the miners kept blast- ing and the mer: shoveling. It was nearly Boon: The tunnel, in spite of the -new opéhing, gradually filled with vowder smoke and coal gas. The men working Lear the ground and not far from the en- trance had felt no inconvenience. The fireman. of the locomotive had gone out to the front end of the engine to fix a signal lump, when of a sudden he was overcome, and fell among the men, who hastily carried him to the narrow doorway and out into the open air. Other workmen seeing this, stampeded and saved their lives. Meanwhile the heavy cloud lay like a wet blanket over the mouth of the tunnel, held the poisonous air in and kept the fresh air out. Noticing the con- fusion of the workmen the engineer leaned far out of his window and tried to make out In the smoke and darkness what had happened. Like a Ball Out of a Cannon. | He was a new man in the tunnel, the old pier: having been suspended pending; an: vestigation of hic case, Suddenly he felt a strange sensation. In another second he realized that he was alone in the great tun- nel aniong the ghosts of the dead. He had strength ard presence:ef mind enough to open the throttle, the ‘wheels began to re- volve—under the enginé atid in his head— he fell across the arni’regt and then the world was all dark and. to him. - A moment later the general manager, looking from the window of his car, saw the work train coming out of the tunnel like a ball out of a indp, and saw the Ump form of the driver ‘hgnging from the window as the engine, , wide open, rush- ed down the steep gra: At acurve in the road the jumpedi:the track and went tearing down the mouptali side, overturn- ing great rocks and ing tall trees down as though they ped been weeds. The sudden lurch of the locomotive threw Uahure tpn the ow aS un! upon the snow: revived him, and whi te general he fe man- look f found the on the snowbank without a The British Association for the Ad- vaneement of Science. TO MEET IN TORONTO THIS MONTH Many of the World’s Leading Men Among Its Members. GREAT THINGS EXPECTED The Toronto meeting of the British As- sociation for the Advancement of Science, which convenes on the 16th of this month, will be one of the biggest scientific events of the year. The eyes of the scientific world are turned toward this meeting, and great things are expected of it, for most of the leading lights of science will be there. The association is just six years older than the queen’s reign. For just two-thirds of a century it has been in existence, and dur- ing almost that entire period has been the largest purely scientific organization in the English-speaking world. The history of its existence is one long triumphal course, be- cause nearly every notable scientific achievement of the past fifty years has ]- been performed by a member of the so- ciety. Glancing down the roll of its more re- cent presidents, we find such names as Lyell, Huxley, Tyndall, Lubbock, Rayleigh, Playfair, Galton and Lister. If here and there appears a name better known in other than scientific fields, like that of Lord Sal- isbury, it is always the name of a real notable, never of a mere figurehead, and al- ways of a person who has at least a broad general knowledge of science and a warm interest in its progress. That such a per- son, even though not professionally bound to sciencé, should occasionally be honored with the presidency of the association, is exactly in keeping with one main object of the organization, which has always been to keep technical science in touch with the practical needs of the people—to popularize science in the best sense, without subject- ing it,to unwholesome dilution, How It Was Founded. The parent of the British association was the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, which had been founded about 1825, chiefly to study the wonderful fossils of extinct tigers, hyenas and elephants, that had just been discovered at Kirkdale. It occurred to Sir David Brewster that the society might advantageously widen its scope and extend the field of its usefulness. His suggestion was actively seconded by four Scotchmen, including Sir Roderick I. Murchison, who was then president of the Geological So- ciety of London, and afterward director of the geological survey of Great Britain. At the instance of these men, an invitation was sent out by the Yorkshire society to all similar societies and to “all friends of sci- ence” in the kingdom to attend a meeting at York, September 27, 1831. More than three hundred persons responded, and the result of the meeting was the organiza- tion of the British Association for the Ad- vancement of Science. At the very outset the ambitious society gained recognition. Its success with the patricians of the inner circle of science was pronounced, for the great Dr. Buckland, foremost English authority on fossils, had accepted the office of president-elect, wiih Dr. Whewell, the historian of the inductive sciences, and Sir David Brewster, for vice presidents-elect, while such men as Sir G. B: Airy, afterward astronomer royal of England, Prof. Jas. D. Forbes, the great Scotch authority in physics; Rev. W. DV. Coybeare, the noted geologist, and others of similar standing, had promised to furnish papers on the progress of their respective branches of science for the next annual meeting. To cap the climax, the university of Oxford extended an invitation to the as- sociation to hold its next meeting at Ox- ford, in the university halls. Some Famous Members. The membership was doubled, and made to include the names of practically all the scientific notables in the country, including Sir John Herschel, the great astronomer; Sir W. Rowan Hamilton, the phenomenal mathematician, and Michael Faraday, the greatert experimental physicist of any age. The promised papers on the ‘Present state and progress of science” were given and received with enthusiasm; numerous volun- tary scientific contributions were made; and the social features eclipsed these of the former year. Oxford University, besides giving shelter to the meetings, took occa- sion to emphasize its hospitality by con- ferring the degree of D. C. L. upon four of the most distinguished members, David Brewster, Robert Brown, John Dalton and Michael Faraday. It is recorded in un- official annals that Dalton, the most sedate of men, failed to perceive that the gown in which he received his degree was scarlet in colcr, and so wore it about the streets for a day or two. When his friends joked him for appearing in a garb so little be- coming a Quaker, he removed it in dismay, saying, “Why, it looks gray to me, and 1 thought it most appropriate.” It need hardly be added that the great chemist was color blind. He was, in fact, the first person to recognize and study this condi- tion, which in consequence is often called Daltonism. A Scientific Triumph. Since that Oxford meeting in 1832 the record of the British association has been a record of unbroken progress and pros- perity. During the first quarter century it had for presidents such men as Prof. Sedgwick, the Earl of Rosse, Sir John Her- schel, Sir David Brewster, Sir G. B. Airy, Col. Edward Sabine, the Duke of Argyli and Sir~Richard Owen—a partial list of names and titles which at a glance em- Phasizes the facts that England has hon- ored her men of science, and that the pos- session of a title is no evidence of mental decrepitude. In 1859, et the Aberdeen meet- ing, the association was presided over by pecan highness the prince consort him- self. ‘The association has from the outset open- ed its doors, nominally and in fact, to “all friends of science.” Whoever sympathizes with the aims of the association is ell- gible to associate membership, and a large numbers of persons who are not them- selves technical scientists have availed themselves. of the privilege, so that the membership of the association has swelled from 353 in 1831 to 3,838 in 1887, the “ban- ner’? year. To meet the needs of thts class of members and of the intelligent outsiders in the various localities of meeting, it has been customary always to provide for some lectures and papers of strictly popular in- terest. Thus there is a course that Tyndall delivered his lecture on “Matter and Force,” in 1867, at the Dundee meeting, and Huxley his equal- ly famous discourse on “A Piece of Chalk” at the Norwich meeting in 1968. Three years ago, at the Oxford meeting, Prof. Solles talked about “‘Geologies and Del- uges;” in 1895, at Ipswich, Dr. Fison lec- et a pao ts and last ae at Liver- pool, Prot leming told of ‘The Earth Great Magnet.” . merely of the to T 11 TO DOUBTING THOMASES Doctor McCoy Has a Word to Say. There Are Those Who Will Never Believe Without Personal Experience--Now the Time When That Personal Experience Can Be Had at Nominal Cost--$3 a Month During the There always have been doubting Thomas-s, and there always will be doubting Thomases. There are doubting Thomases in Washington, plenty of them, as there are in every other city and every town throughout the whole world. When Doctor: McCoy announced his discovery for the cure of deafness he expected doubt. He knew that it was necesmry for him to give proof on Proof—to cure, not in scores of cases only, but in hundreds and thousands of cases—before these doubting Thomases would be convinced. The whole world, broadly speaking, has acknowl- edged his masterly skill and has accepted, because of the tremendous weight of evidence, the fact that Lis treatment dos restore jost hearing. But there are those—and there are many here Two Bright Boys Whose Hearing Summer. in Washinston—who are never convinced, except by @ thing that happens to themselves individually. It is to these people—to these doubters, to these sick and hopeless ones, to these who have gone from physician to physician, and whe have spent hundreds and hundreds of dollars without rettef—tuat Doctor MeCoy has this word to say: Daring these summer months, while he maintains the nominal foe of $3 a month, there tx given the apportunity to test the value of his skill and to prove once for all whether to you who have so lang sou amd have mo many times failed to find relief for your afftiction —whether that affliction be the loss caring or one of those many chronic complaints which cause such a world of sufferimg—be can bring @ care. aN . 2 Has Been Restored by Doctor McCoy. Raymond Dickson, aged 10 ears, Brightwoed (Van View) R.w., was so deaf that he was taken from school. Hear- ing perfectly restored. A WELL-KNOWN EUSINESS MAN TELLS OF HIS RESTORED HEARING. Charles Armstrong, 1937 1-2 11th st. Armstrong has for years been engaged ‘¥ Desiness at the above address, and is well known and highly respected in the north- “My right ear was stone deaf. “With it I cculd not hear one sound, never mind how loud. “My left car was quite deaf. “After being under triatment for some hearing returned to me suddenly. “Last Sunday I heard with my right ear—the ear that had been stone deaf—the ticking of my watch, and that ear is now more acute than the left. “My deafness began in my left car ten years ago, and, growing worse gradually, in time it ex- tended to the right ear. My right ear became deaf very rapidly, and in a short time stopped up en- tirely and lost all sense of sound. “My deafness was a constant source of annoyance to me, both in business and social matters. It was diMcult for me to wait upon customers, and em- barrassed me in trying to converse with my friends. It was very hard to understand when spoken to, and I was always asking people to repeat, and then, to add to my discomfort, there was a rum- bling noise in my bead that at times almost drove me wild. “The unnatural noise in and I hear again distinctly time my ead has been stopped SON OF DEAFNESS, Ammann, 1001 Mr. Ammann for many years had and is very have 9 hearing of my son, whose right ear was totally deaf; and have also cured me of very severe Catarrh of thé Throat.” $3 A MONTH FOR THE SUMMER. During the Vacat om Season, that ix, Doctors McCoy d Cowden will treat all diseases at the uniform rate of $3 2 month until cured. This includes Deafness and all diseases of whatever nature. CONSULTATION FREE. McCoy System of Medicine, PERMANENT OFFICES DR. McCOY’S NATIONAL PRACTICE, 715 13th Street Northwest. Office Hours, 9 to 12a.m.,1to5 p.m. ¢ to 3 p.m.daily. Sanday,10 a.m. to disregard them and search only for the truth. It was at this same Belfast meeting that Professor Tyndall delivered, as the Fresidential address, the most startling as well as tne most eloquent discourse that the association has listened to in all the years of its existence. Its subject was “Science and Religion,” and its main pur- port must be recalled even now by many newspaper readers of twenty-five years ago, for it was prinied in full in the press of all Christendom and created a veritable furore of excitement. That was in the day when Darwinism was new and was still being weighed in the balance, hence the significance of the open avowal of the president of the British association in favor of what was considered by the oppo- sition to be a doctrine of pure materialism. The contest has only historical intere: now, for the opponents of Darwinism have long since given up taeir hopeless fight, but Tyndall’s oration remains as a model of earnest and fervid exposition. The memorable phrase, “you may purchase in- tellectual peace at the price of intellectual death,” is by itself sufficient to give it permanent value as literature. Technical Triumphs. The purely technical triumphs of the association are too numerous to be cited in any detail, including, as has been said, an outline of the entire progress of science during the period of its history. It has been and is quite the rule for the workers of science to record the most important achievement of each succeeding year work at the annual meetings of the asso- ciation. ‘Thus Joule announced to the meeting of 1843 his first experiments to- ward the determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat experiments which led on to the greatest generalization of the century, the doctrine of conservation of energy. So, also, to cite but one other example, it was at the Ipswich meeting two years ago that Lord Rayleigh and Professor Ramsey announced their start- ling discovery of the unrecognized con- stituent of the air, argon. Not every meeting can promise such great discoveries, of course, for they do not come every year anywhere, but vis- itors at the Toronto meeting may feel to see and hear whom, regardiess topic, will be worth a long journey ‘oronto. . — 4 NEW ROUTE TO THE YUKON, From Northern Ontario via Hudson’s Bay to the New Gold Fields. i fh He] fil ple of this city and province In 2 nutshell, the scheme is From Missarrabie, the point cn the main line of the C. P.’R. nearest to Hudson 3 Bay, a railway is to be built 230 mi to Moose fort, on the shore of Canada’s great inland sea. Thence by a waterway of 1.209 miles Chesterfield inlet, at the northwest corner of Hudson's Bay, is reached. The inlet extends west inland 200 miles. From here a railway 20) miles long will connect with the waters of Great Slave lak From here, it is claimed, there is a nay gable waterway for large beats to the mouth of the Meckenzie river, a distance of 1,30 miles. From the mouth of the Mackenzie a ‘short railway of 30 3 would give access to the Porcupine river a@ navigable tributary of tue Yukon, by which rivers a journey of 400 miles leads right to the lately discovered gold This is the project, a route of transporta- tion 3,200 miles from the Hudson's Bay shore of Ontario to the riches of Canada’s almost boundless areas of the north. A byway of this main artery of commerce is the Peace river, which, from Great Slave lake, is navigable, so the tale is told, to barges of 1,000 tons capacity, fer #0) mile This, it is claimed, would open up for s tlement the great expanse of arable lan forming the basin of the Peace riv. The whole scheme is in the hands of two cempanies, that already mentioned, whi: has in hand the railway through Northern Ontario, and the Hudson Bay and Yukon Railways and Navigation Company, con- trolling the rest of the route. Thy to consider it, as follow Caldecott, James Scott and - vey, C. E. : ats eels E., is the engineer and gen- Mr. Harvey explained the Mail and Empire representati: It was feasible, he sai. er cent of the who and the opening up of the w: Ne 5,00 would require an capepgiture of aly nae 000,000 of capital. In the opinion of Mr. Harvey it is the most important propos! Gon next to the Canadian Pacific railway ever submitted.for-the consideration of the people of Canada. Mr. Harvey divides the results into four—41) the rendering ac. cessible of the gold fields, petroleum, salt and sulphur deposfts,"and ‘the coal beds of the Yukon and Mackenzie basins; (2) the opening up for settlement of the Lake Ath- abaska and Peace river regions; (3) the giv- ing access to the Whaling and fishing in- stries of Hudson bay: (4) the bencii's to accrue to Ontario, and ‘espetlally Toronto, by becoming the base of so great a systora scheme to a ve yesterday. id, only because 90 route was by wat would fina a market. The ing grounds of , Hi ops Hodson bay, Mr. the richest im the world, 1 situation