Evening Star Newspaper, June 18, 1897, Page 15

= THE EVENING STAR, .FRIDAY, JUNE 418, AN OPEN To MOTHERS. WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD “CASTORIA,” AND “PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” AS OUR TRADE MARK. J, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachusetis, was the originator of “PITCHER'S CASTORIA.” the same that has borne and does now bear the fac-simile signature of on every wrapper. g This is the original « PITCHER'S CASTORIA” which has been used in the homes of the mothers of America for over thirty years. the kind you have always bought, LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and see that it is onthe and has the signature of per. Cftllitea wrap- No one has authority from me to use my name except The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is President. March 8, 1897. Do Not Be But Ditchaon.D, Deceived. Do not endanger the life of your child by accepting a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer you (because he makes a few more pennies on it), the in- gredients of which even he‘does not know. “The Kind You Have Always Bought” BEARS THE FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURE OF @ eo Insist on Having The Kind That Never Failed You. THE CENTAUR COMPANY. TY MURRAY STREET, NEW YORK CiTY. r i i Py The Ideal soesenserententectentensecsecgeesecsee geese sede oegergee Suit is made SERGE. fresh. Price to-order. REL AINSLIE IN terrain egereramrsm errs S UR Bicycles, Saddles and Tires are kept in perfect repair one YEAR free of cost. breaks are satisfactorily repaired— whether caused by accident or not. We sell these Bi s with lamp and bell monthly payments ever known. notes—no interest. Your credit is good for a bicycle—and all the fur- niture and mattings you need. Summer from ROYAL BLUE Cool—dress} show the wear and tear—a brush and a little water always keeps it Mertz and Mertz, “New Era” Tailors, 906 F Street. ROLE EA MLN LMA MMMM (“LF LY | edeedendeeteteetentend —does not a aa ee a es ae goat te *10. All el complete on the smallest Ce) Our prices are lower than the lowest CASH prices—and we will arrange the payments to suit you. Matting tacked down free—Carpets made, laid and lined free—no charge for SOSSSSCSOSSSEOSOSHOGO Paluless Extracting, Wc. A BAD MISTAKE. porary testh a allowed to de mistake, consult Evans’ Dental Parlors, = 1309 F St.N. W. F sis zea vei Beats all the fly paper and fly brushes in creation!! My Screen Windows at Deore at 60c. are the best “no waste in matching figures. Grogan’s Mammoth Credit House, 817-S19-821-823 SEVENTH ST. Between H aod I sts. w., COSASOGS SO66 SSSSSSE8S | ~?| Great Reduction In Hair. Switches, $2.50, formerly, $5.00, Switches, $6.00, formerly’ $10.50. Gray Switches, $3.00, formerly $5.60. Gray Switches, $4.50, formerly First-class attendants in Hairdressing, Shampooing, ete. Imperial Hair Regenerator for restoring ray’ hair, Never fatls. Try our “‘Curlette” for retaining carl. S. HELLER’S, 720 7th Street N.W. apl6-20d Suburban Residents —and those of our patrons who summer in the neigh count order their groceries by mafl and we'll pack and deliver them free at the depot. You'll be —— sure of the quality and freshness of the ——— guode—und save the difference between city = and country prices. W.R.Brown,20&Pa.Av. my26-1m-14 HUMORS OF ALL KINDS Parga Cuticura Soap, Sifu tutdreioae the 1897-16 PAGES. 15 Building the Home According to a Prescribed Ritual. HOUSE-WARMIMG ON A LARGE SCALE Praying That Evil Fortune May Never Come. INTERESTING DEVOTIONS ——_—_+—___—_ A report has been prepared for the Smith- sonian Institution on the hogans or houses of the Navajo Indians, from field studies extending over several years. This report, which is now in press, and will appear in the annual report of the burcau of Amer- ican ethnology, will attract much attention when it is issued, as it opens a field hither- to untouched, and reveals a wealth of cere- monial in an unexpected place. The houses of the Navajes appear to be very simple structures—mere earth-covered huts; but in fact their construction is a matter of prescribed ritual, and their dedi- cation, or the ceremony corresponding to the old Saxon house-warming, is quite elaborate. The houses, like those in the early history of our frontier towns, are put up for some individual by the volun- teered labor of his neighbors and friends, and an after ceremony, in which feasting ras a part, is thus a matter of necessity. When it becomes necessary to erect a new hogan the head of the family selects the place, generally in some sheltered nook, protected by cliffs, or on a warm, sunny slope on the edge of a cedar grove, convenient to some spring or pool of water, Dut not directly near it. ‘The reason given for not locating near to water is that the refuse from the house wouid potson the water, but probably the custom came down from the time when these Indians were a hunting tribe, and never camped near springs, lest the game which came there might be frightened away. All Done in Order. . Having selected the site and notified the neighbors that on a certain day a hogan would be put up, at the appointed time a number of men gather there, and, with willing hands, soon complete the simple structure. The first step is to procure five heavy beams or trunks of trees, about twelve feet long and not less than a foot thick at the base. Three of them must have forks at the small end, while the other two must be straight throughout. The three tree trunks are laid out on the ground, with the ends pointing to the north, south and west, and with the forks inter- locking in the center. Then a number of men take hold of them and lift them until the interlocked center is seven or eight feet clear from the ground, while the butts are slightly buried, so as to make a firm and solid frame. The two straight timbers are then placed in a sloping position on the east side of the frame, about three feet apart on the ground and perhaps one foot at the top. This is the doorway or en- trance and is invariably placed so as to In fact, the placing of each ording to a prearranged the north, then the south, then nd, finally, the two on the east. tage the house consists of tive leaning together in a pyramidal form and securely locked at the top by the interlacing forks. Smaller poles are now placed ell between the others, and these ai y covered with slabs aad sbreds of cedar bark. Over all a covering of earth Is placed, some six or eight inches deep, and a very comfortable and reason- ably commodious hut is produced. These huts usually measure about ‘ifteen feet In diemeter on the ground. and not infro- quently accommodate twenty persons for a time. ‘The doorway is framed and built out very much after the fashion ef a dor- mer window, but no doors or other mears of closing the entrance are provided; a blanket hung over tke opening serves all purposes. Prayers for the House. As a rule it requires but one day to com- plete a house. and the work is usually fin- ished as the sun goes dowm As darkness approaches the ceremonies begin. The wife sweeps out the house with a wisp cf grass, and makes a fire directly under the smoke hole in the center. She then goes to the bundle of household effects, waich are still outside, and pours a quantity cf white cornmeal into a shallow saucer- shvped basket. This is handed to the hos- teen, or head of the family, who enters the heuse and rubs a handful of the dry meal on the five principal timbers of the frame, beginning with the south doorway timber. While “making this gift,” as the procesd- ing 1s called, the man preserves a sirict face the east. log is done a slience; but as next, with a sweeping mo- ticn of his hand from left to right, the secred direction, ‘as the sun travels,” he sprinkles the meal around the outer cir- cumference of the floor, he breaks into a solemn chant, to which the spectators make the responses, This is in effect a prayer that the house may be a delightful place of residence to its occupants. The woman of the house then makes an offering to the fire by throwing a handful of meal upon it, and sings a song some- what resembling that of the man. She prays that the house may be a delightful piace to her children, that it may always ccntain food in plenty and that her flocks and other possessions may increase while She lives there. By the time these forms have been cb- served night will have fallen. While the house building was in progress during the day the women were busily engaged in pre- varing food, and when the preliminary pro- ceedings have been completed all the par- ticipants gather within the house, the fam- ily possessions are brought in, a blanket is suspended over the door, and the fire is trimmed to burn brightly. The women bring in food in earthen pots and basins, and having set them down before the guests huddle together by themselves to enjoy the occasion as spectators. The men fall to, every one helps himself from the pots by dipping in with his fingers, the meat is broken into pleces, and the bones are gnawed upon and sociably passed from hand to hand. When the feast is finished tobacco and corn husks are produced, cig- arettes are made, and convivial gossipy talk prevails for several hours. This cere- mony is known as the house salutation, and is merely an introduction to the more elaborate proceeding called the “house de- yotions.”” The House Devotions. Sometimes the latter take place as soon as the house is finished, but usually there 4s an interval of several days to enable the house builders to invite all their friends and prepare the necessary food for their entertainment. Aside from affording an occasion for merrymaking to the young people the “house devotions” have a solemn siguificance to the elders. If they are not observed soon after the house is completed bad dreams will plague the dwellers therein, toothache (which Is par- ticularly dreaded for mythical reasons) will torture them, and the evil influences from the north will cause them all kinds of bodily il; the flocks will dwindle, ill luck will come, ghosts will haunt the place, and the house will become accursed. ‘A few days after the house is finished an arrangement is made with some medicine man to come and sing the ceremonial house songs. For this service he always receives a fee from those who engage him; perhaps a few sheep or their value, sometimes three or four horses or their equivalent, ac- cording to the circumstances of the house builders. When the people are assembled the pro- ceedings are opened by feasting, followed by smoking and the interchange of gossip, which continues for several uours. medicine man then seats himself under the main west timber, so as to face the east, and the singing begins. The medicine man acts as leader and director, and each ong bas his own songs and ceremonies, altnough the general import of all is the wame. When he has pitched a song he listens closely to hear whether the correct words are surg. This is a matter of great im- portance, as the omission of a part of the song or the incorrect re of any word would, it is believed, entail evil con- sequences to the house and its occupants. The first song is addressed to the east. This is followed by a benedictory chant In LETTER |A NAVAIO CEREMONY |Feed a-Cold, Starve a Fever. Most people are familiar with the old saying. ei it is not always easy to feed : . The patient turns from tlfezbest dinner saying that it does not taste good. The fault is hisp not_ the cook’s, and he will change’ hi hptions after a short acquaintance with. Disc Duffy's Pure Malt Whiskey, which sharpens the appetite, im- proves the digestion, and gives a sense of general well being. This pure medicinal stimulant is highly praised as a household remedy in cold weather. in which the powers above, below, and all around are in- a much livelier measure, voked. After a song to the west. ‘This 1s followed by the benedictory chant and then the song to the east is repeated, but this time addressed to the south. The scng to the west is repeated, addressel to the north, and the two songs alternate tn- til each has been sung three times to each of the cardinal points. The benedictory chant is sung between each rep2cition. These are known as the twelve house songs, although there are only two songs, each repeated twelve times. They are ad- dressed to the cardinal points because in the Navajo system different groups of deities are assigned to each of these points. Guarding Against Misfortune. After the “twelve songs” are finished many others are sung; to the goddess of the west. and of the east; to the sun, to the dawn and the twilight; to the light and to the darkness, and to many other deities. Song prayers are also addressed directly te maiign influences, beseeching them to remain away; to evil in general, to coughs and lung evils, and to the Sorcerers, praying them not to come near the dwelling. The singing is so timed that the last song is delivered just as the first gray streaks of dawn appear, when the visitors get up their horses and ride home. It sometimes happens that malign influ- ences affect the new dwelling in spite of the ceremonies that have been performed. ‘The inmates suffer from toothache or sore eyes, or have bad dreams, or ghosts are heard in the night. Then the house de- votions are repeated. If after this the conditions still prevail an effort is mede to ascertain the cause. Perhaps the hns- band recalls some occasion when he was remiss in some religious duty, or his wife May remember having accidentally seen an unmasked dancer in some ceremoay, or they may be convinced that a sorcerer is practicing his evil art. Such malign ef- fects must be due to some definite cause and that cause must be found. Then, if the case be grave, recourse must be had to a very elaborate ceremony, the dance of the Ye-bi-chai, for the observance of whieh a special huilding of large size is constructed. short interval comes the eee BUYING CHILDREN IN INDIA. How the Natives Sell Their Offsprings fur Food. Bishop Thoburn ia the Christian Apvocate. I am amazed to learn that some anxious people in Chicago are distressing them- selves because missionaries in India are buying children from: their starving par- ents at 10 cents apiete, in order to make them Christians. So far as I know, there is not the faintest’ shadow for any accusa- Uon of this kind. It has been said, with only too much truth, that parents’ were selling thelr chil¢ren! at the ahove price, and, Im faet, were willing to accept even a dole of food as the price of a child. Mis- sionartes have published this fact as an evidence of the severity of the famine and the despair of the people. but no one has dreamed of offering that or any other sum of money to the parents to induce them to part with thelr little ones. The missionary would be foolish, to say nothing of the moral quality of the action, if he did such a thing. The awful fact is that orphans ean be gathered up in some parts of the country in greater numbers than any missionary, or all of our mis- sionaries combined, could provide for. Dr. T. S. Johnson, presiding elder of Narbada valley district, stated, in my hearing, that a magistrate told him that If he made a rigid enumeration of all the orphans in his district the number would not fall short of 7,000 or 8,400. These children are ;absolutely destitute. Their parents may be dead or possibly may be living; but in some cases the starving parents sel their children with the double motive of getting something to eat themselves, and with the thought that those who purchase the little ones will at least provide them with food. It is quite possible that some missionaries in accepting children offered them by thetr parents, who could not provide for them, have given the parents something to re- lieve their hunger; but in all such cases, if the parents, after the famine is over, see proper to come and claim their children, no missionary could legally keep the little ones if he wished. In former years, when a mild system of slavery existed in India, it was a common occurrence for poor people to sell their chil- dren. Jegally such an act has no force now under the British government, but the old custom still obtains to some extent. Chil- dren thus purchased are received as domes- tic servants in the houses of their masters, and for few years at least can easily be kept in subjection. It need hardly be added that very many little ones are sold for bad pur- poses; but the good people in Chicago who are vexing their righteous souls because missionaries are buying up children from starving parents may at once dry thetr tears, and better employ their time gather- ing money to help those who are straining every nerve to feed parents, and thus pre- vent children from becoming orphans,while at the same time caring for those who are orphans indeed. Chicago's New Dance. ‘vom the Chicago Times-Herald. Tho “scorchers’ waltz” is one of the new ones. Ht was suggested as a recognition of wheelmen as a winter consolation, when the highways are covered with snow and the ball room 4s the popular field for exer- cise. It is said to be destined to be popu- lar. Reminiscent of the old hop waltz, it contains no restriction of speed er limit to leaps from floor to ceiliag. It restores the old style of swinging and pumping the arms to keep time with the orchestra, and its enjoyment is said to be incomplete with- out racing around=the room at full speed, coiliding with ever¥thfhe in sight and caus- ing chiropodists to e application for advertising space on;all rulletin boards. Then there is the {'cl@~’—the dreamy glide, with a reverse and regimental strides. The “Boston Dip” has Séen irrevocably barred. The military sclipttigche and Bohemian polka hold over. 7 one 9) by Britt Specie To make room for 1897 TANDEMIS AT REDUCED PRICES! patterns we will sell a few ’96 RAMBLER TANDEMS, MEN’S DIAMOND FRAME, both Road and Racing styles, at $85, while they last. Fully equal in material and style to the 1897 patterns, but we need the room and are willing to sacrifice as above. Formerly sold at $150 list. One COMBINATION TANDEM, ’96 style, also at same figure. Gon’t fail to see these. We also can vastly reduced prices: Patterns that were $55, now $35. Patterns that were $50, now $40. Patterns that were $75, now $60. 3 A few ’96 patterns of above, 26-inch wheels and low frames, suit- able for small men or boys, entirely mew, and fitted with G. & J. tires, If that isn’t low enough, make us an offer. at $25 to close out. MAY TROUTING IN THE SNOW. A Backwoods Tradition Destroyed by a New York Sportsman. From <he New York Sun. “I waded through snow once up to my Knees to fish for trout,” said a New York Sportsman, “‘and it was the middle of May at that, and not more than half a day’ journey from New York. The stream w in the Pocono mountains, and I had gone there on purpose to enjoy some early fish- ing. I got to the litle backwoods village at night and woke next morning to find a cold nertheast rainstorm on hand, and when I inquired for a guide to go with me to the stream the landlord of the tavern looked at me as if he thought I was crazy. “*You ain't goin’ to try to ketch trout to- day, be you? he asked. ‘Why, you can't git no fish worms yit, and the woods is full 0’ snow and the creeks has got ice on ’em.” ““I don’t want eny worms,’ I replied, smiling at the thought. ‘I fish with a fl I didn’t believe his talk about snow and ice. “ ‘But trout won't jump at a fly yit,’ the landlord insisted. ‘You've got to have worms.’ “I insisted on going to the creek, and he went out and got a strapping big native to act as guide. The guide himself was staz- gered at the idea of a man’s thinking of going out on such a day, with the streams in the condition they were alleged to be, to fish for trout, without worms for bait, but he at last agreed to go on my vaying him $3 and finding him in rum, and we started. I found out from the guide on our way to the creek that the local angler in the trout- ing regicns ef northern Pennsylvania was always ready for action in the streams with his bait and tackle as soon as tie law allows fishing, favorable, he was ready a week or si fore. He used the worm not bi could not cast the fly, but beca from time out of mind he had stubbornly clung to the belief that trout would not rise jump, as he expressed it, to the fly as there was snow water in the nor until the natural insects had appeared on them. The mountain region through which the streams of that part of north- eastern Pennsylvania flow was so apt to have winter lingering with it late that it had been a rare thing for sportsmen from the cities to risk the discomforts and un- certainties of a visit to it before May, al- though the legal opening of the season was on April 1. For this reason the streams had been left to the in ds of the local angler, with his pole and worm, for weeks at a time, and the native had never seen anything to alter his belief that trout would not jump to a fly under the condi- tions mentioned. It was my mission, I think, (o correct that old-time idea, and’ to show the native sportsman that he didn’t know as much about trout as he thought he did. “We arrived at the brook xbout 9 o'clock in the moraing. It was in gocd condition as to quantity of water, but my heart sank within me when I saw that the story about the siow and the ice was only too true— and it was the 1th of May, } The most enthusiastic angier never yet saw much promise of an enjoyable day's sport while tying on his flies standing nearly up to his knees in snow, and gazing on a stream with deep borders of ice fringing it as far as the eye could see, especially if one of the cold- est and most penetrating of rainstorms was peliing furiousiy down upon him. My guide tried to induce me to return to the shelter of the tavern at once, but I had traveled more than 100 miles to enjoy some carly May trouting, and I was bound to enjoy it—at least 1 was bound to have it. “Well, I fished that creek more than a mile and a half, and I caught seventy trout. But, bah! It was just like catching suckers, pulling them out. i wouldn't have cared for the discomfort of the day’s fish- ing if only the trout hal been capable of acting up to their aature. I caught one trout that was fifteen mzhes Jong, but he had so little, fight in him that I had no flea he waz of more than ordinary size until 1 tanded him. The trout took the fly with so little animation that some*imes I wouldn't know that my feather had been touched, judging from any effort the trout would ‘make. Out of one pool, on the bank above which were the remains of a snowdrift that reached nearly to my waist, 1 stood and took fifteen trout, one after the other, like so many sticks. Then I quit in disgust, and rejoined my guide, who had gone to a bark peeler’s cabin nearby and built a roaring fire in the fireplace. “When we got back to the tavern we found a group of woodsmen, and I had hard work to convince them that I had caught my trout with a fly. The evidence of the guide alone established my declara- tion. But that experience cured me of a desire to enjoy early trouting in such a region as that. I have been there many times since, but never before the Ist of June. But I find that the idea that trout will not jump at the fly while there is snow water in the creek no longer prevails among the natives up there, and they no longer wak until the ground is so they can dig worms before they go out to fish. So I'm a little sorry I destroyed that pet be- diet." ‘The Most Common Names. Dr. T. R. Pearson, in an article on sur- names in the June number of Good Words, gives the following table showing the num- ber of births in England and Wales during 1805, with the twenty-five mest common names under which they were registered: Or. No. of births. 10,505 - R619 6,198 aha SUREERSESEEHEE ql | | | time ago by Professor Keeler. give you a fine line of SHELBY IDEAL Bicycles, at iGormully & Jeffery Mfe. Co., } 1325-27 14th N.W. Down-town Agency, 429-31 10th N.W. tiotiotiety THE YERKES TELESCOPE. The Astronomers Who W. Charge of It. Chicago News. Mountain peaks have their disadvantages | as well as advantages; and as an important branch of the work undertaken at Lake | Geneva will relate to the sun, it has been | necessary to consider daytime conditions 48 well as nocturnal ones. The belief has been expressed, moreover, that in the win- T seascn there will be more cloudless ights in southern Wisconsin than on Mount Hamilton. The great #-inch glass is mounted in a tube sixty-three or sixty-four feet long. Its focal length bears about the same pro- portion to its aperture as is the case with | the Lick telescape, which ‘s nineteen to one A “dev.cap,” designed to shelter the object giess from mist and frost, reaches ont fully | eight feet from the big end of the tube, and | it will often be necessary to attach a “spectroheliograph” or other instrument ten feet long at the eye end. A tower | too | Have From the ninety-two feet in diameter is none large, therefore, to accommodate both ap- paratus and astronomer. th The r of tube’s motion on its great axis is for- hree feet above'the base, the pier or pil- jar on which it stands, and when the tele- ‘ope is pointed vertically the other end of | the deweap is eighty feet above the hase. | he floor is movable, im order to accomm)- date the astronomer when he changes the | angle of the mighty instrument with thi herizon. To follow the heavens as they | sweep from east to west the tube is tuated with a driving clock, itself weighing a ton. No photographic corrector will be used over the big lens; but arranged on the outside of the same tube with it is a 6 inch lens, whose focal iength is stxty-four feet. This will be used to get direct pho- tographs of the sun; and for photographing ellar spectra a small corrector will be put ie the big tube down near the eye end, in accordance with a suggestion»made some For another important and unique branch of photo- graphic work which will be carried on at Lake Geneva still another attachment will be made, which will presently be explained. Two important members of the <;aff at Lake Geneva will be the doubie star ex- pert, S. W. Burnham, and E. E. Barnard, who has won rare distinction by nis dis- covery of Jupiter's fifth satellite, nis pho- tographs of Milky Way nebulae, and oth- er work. The greater diameter of the Yerkes glass will enable Mr. Burnnam to divide <lose doubles which could not be separated on Mount Hamilton, althoush the average “seeing” will probably be in- ferior. Mr. Barnard will give special at- tention to planets, satellites and come:s, ard, in onservation of exceedingly faint | and distant objects, will have the benefit of the superior light-gathering power of the 40-inch, which is about one-fourth greater than tkat of the Lick telescope. The director of the observatory, George E. Hale, is a young man, who excited the admiration of astronomers five or six years | ago by his spectroscopic explorations of the sun. He established in Chicago a pri- vate observatory of his own, and set up | therein a 12-inch glass which has since been removed to Lake Geneva. He then iuveated an exccedingiy ingenious and orig inal instrument called the .“‘spectrohclio- giaph.” This takes a picture of the sun in a new way. Instead of letting the solar image fall directly on the sensitive plate, Professor Hale analyzes the light with a spectroscope, and then uses only that very limited part of it which ts to be found in one of the bright cross lines of the solar spectrum. The particular line watch he usually selects is a broad one, attrivuted to incandescent calcium vapor. The ap- | paratus is so managed that only such por- tiens of the sun’s surface as abound in this material are registered on the plate. In | the same manner he gets pictures of the chromospheric ring and prominences on the sun's limb, the disk itself being covered by a round shield. It is impossible to give an adequate idea here of the importance of this new method of research. But it should be added that this work will be car- ried on at Lake Geneva more extensively | than at the Kenwood observatory, and | that Professor Hale's methods have in- splred the confidence of the leading spec- trescopists of the world. -cee— How Commerce is Changing. From Leslie's Weekly. Some months ago there was printed in Leslie's Weekly a most interesting article about the new railroad to Port Arthur on the Gulf of Mexico. The channel to Port Arthur will soon be deevened and a very important new seaport will be added, with the effect thai millions of bushels of grain will go direct to the gulf and thence by ship to Eurove. But while we are wait- ing for Port Arthur, both Galveston and New Orleans are showing remarkable in- creases in exports, and the other day a congress of leading representatives from the southern and western states met for the plain purpoxe of diverting the export grain trade to southern ports, in return for which the south was to throw its business as much as possible to the west, where manufacturing an¢ distributive operations are a great deal larger than nine out of ten suppose. But the tendency is even more strikingly shown in the recent statistics. The inquiry that ts being made on complaint of New Yerk into the differential—the differential is two ceats in favor of Philadelphia and three cents in favor of Baltimore as against New York, because they are nearer to the west—has developed the imvortant fact that within the past few years the north- ern ports—Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadel- ptia and New York—have iost thirty per cent of the expori trade, and It has all gone to the southern ports. Newport News, which was an open ficid a dezen ycars ago, has one of the greatest shipbuliding plants in the world, has miles of wharves, independent lines to Europe, and it is now doing an export business of something like fifty millions a year. Charleston, South If you can use a Tandem pattern aosta te Bodie detested oefevtestoatoatodtestoat Seoteetoatoet tated SE PAWNSHOPS. Cooked Food, Potted Fiom the > About a year ago the Nat s ta- ticn of Manufacturers of the United States ccmmissioned Robert P. Porter to go to Ja- pan and make a series of investigations con- cerning the commerce and industries of that country. Incidentally, in his voluminous report, Mr. Porter mentions the hard straits to which the poorer residents of J pan are driven, Careful native statistician have computed that from 15 to 20 per cent of the daily earnings of the Japanese poor go to the pawnbrokers. Instances are re- lated of the most extraordinary pledges | made by poor persons who are obliged raise small sums of money, usually for tht purpose of discharging previously contract ed obligations, Cooked food, potted plants, and even ca and other domestic pets are taken to the in Tokio, and accepted as lgans. Not more than a few anced on ac The poor people are often driven to such depths of tuUon that they pawn the quilts which have borrowed from professional quilt During the four months beginning . the loaning of bed clothing wearing apparel is carried on very ; actively in Japan, the change being from two to eight cents (silver) per day. The quilts are almost invariably torn and ra i ged, but there can be rented for two cents an be pawn for actioa, remarks Mr. Porter, is almost s followed by some perpetration of . for the man must not only pay the two cents per day for the quilt, of which after all he has not the use, but must also collect sufficient’ money to n his ge to the pawnbroke The poorer Japan inveterate bor- rewers. Even the borow or hire childr The lending of children is a rec- ognized practice among the beggars, who find them of great assistance in thi ion of alms, wh law. So great is the for hire that a cle be sec AL SUMMER HOME. THE RATION Places Where Rest and Quiet May Be Had Incxp: ively. From Leslie's Weekly. When this generation was young the sum. rly mer home was not a matter for n ch serious consideration as it has now becom It used to be that a few weeks in ‘he coun- try or by the seashore was considered to be enough of an outing for even hard- est workers in the great cities. But that is no longer so, for several reasons. Hard werkers work much harder than they used to do; people have also in their hemes learned to live more rationally than they used to live. Therefore there is a demand for summer homes without the ci niands by those who have not the meaas to set up splendid country or seaside estab- lishments, The rich can settle this problem to suit themselves, for their means enable them to overcome all difficulties with the magic touch of money. But to the merely well- to-do this problem of summer living is filled with difficulties. Such persons need quiet places where tnere is good air and a fair amount of congenial society. They are finding such places very quickly and adapting themselves to the life with th happy ease characteristic of an ingeniou rece. Such places, when merely hired, are very well in their way, but to own a Sum- mer home is one of the best investments a man of family can make. How, it will be asked, can a man of mod- erate means become possessed of the home here suggested? That is a question worthy of a person capable of enjoying a rational stmmer home. The arswer is that he should buy such a place. The reader will stspect a dull joke in this reply, but none is intended. In the neighborhood of all the great cities—that is, within easy reach of tren:—sre many country villages—we do mot mean suburban villages—country vil- lages gone to seed. In such places are to be found the rational summer homes with- in the means of all the well-to-do to pur- chase and maintain. Such places may be had at prices ranging from $2,000 to $,000, each of them with ample garden space for flowers and vegetables. If those needing permanent summer homes will look into the matter as it has teen suggested in this article, it will be found that the idea presented will be more often practicable than not, and that com- fortable homes in the real country can be maintained at an expense not exceed the present outlay for living. Suppose a man pay $3,500 for his summer home? The interest on his investment would be $210; taxes~$20; maintenance, $0; insurance, 510; a total of $270. Such a furnished house, hired for the summer, would surely cst $450. Then he would have the further vantage of a rallying-place for his famiiy, @ storage-place for the heirlooms and knick-knacks which become lost in the city movings, to which all dwellers in cities ere now addicted. Suppose he should choose to spend a summer now and then in Europe or elsewhere.: Then his chances for renting his place for $450 would be very good, for if his home were attractive to him it would be attractive to many others. In such a place a family will have all the advantages of the real country and few of the disadvantages or expenses of farm life, Horses may be kept or not, according to means and tastes; but in this rational coun- try home the home idea and the home sen- timent, so precious to our forefathers, but so impossible in the hurry and change of present urban life, may be cultivated and expanded for our own benefit, and most of all for the benefit of that Carolina, with ene of the finest harbors a - — = ss in the world, ts about to enter the Hsts for SHAKE NTO Yi RR Se export business. The completion of the So Chicago canal means the larger use Of the | oss peintil, owellsa. smarting fect sad a ton-of freight seven miles on the water | ise t?¢ £ 2 dlacovery of tee aps. Alles for the sum it costs you to move it one Foot nee ‘makes ‘or pew shocs feel mile on a raliroad, and while thase long . it ie cure for sweating, catlous tranaportation, in reality t! ae Pee