Evening Star Newspaper, April 27, 1897, Page 12

12 —— THE EVENING STAR, TUESDAY, “APRIL 27, 1897-16 PAGE? AT THE GRANT TOMB Horace Porter's Eloquent Tribute to the Distinguished Dead. A MAN FOR GREAT EMERGENCIES — His True Sepulchre in the Hearts of His Countrymen. MEMORIAL - THE > LESSON OF NEW YORK, April 27—The most elab- orate of the prepared addresses at the ded- ication of the Grant tomb today was the oration by Gen. Horace Porter. Gen. Por- ter said, in open'rg: “The dial hands upon the celestial clock record the flight of more than a genera- tion since the legions of American man- hood poured down from the hilltops, surged from the vaileys, knelt upon thelr na- ve soil to swear eternal allegiance to the Union, and went forward to seal the oath with their blood in marching under the vic- torious banners of Ulysses S. Grant. To- day countless numbers of his contempora- ries, their children and their children’s children gather about his tomb to give per- manent call the sepulture to his ashes and to re- record of his imperishable deeds. to abstain from all demonstrations in the field. car “With his uncommon range of mental vision, he foresaw that the Brantihg “of these conditions would induce other armies throughout tne south to ac é sathe terms, and thus prevent a guerrilla warfare from being carried on for an indefinttepe~" riod in the interior, and would induce such influential men as Lce and other confederate army commanders to use their influence in aiding in the rehabilitation of the southern states. “He was quicker than any one else to see that reconstruction would be a task almost as formidable as the suppression of armed retellion. He refrained from entering the captured capital, did not even step within. the enemy's lines, and shrank from every act which might make him appear to pose as a conqueror. Kept Faith With the Sou When President Johnson, soon after the war, inaugurated his cimpaign for making treason odious, and when indictments were brought in the federal courts against Lee and other ex-confederate officers, Grant foresaw that if such @ course were pur- sted it would be interoreted as_a gross breach of faith and a violation of the terms given in the paroles; tnat it would lead to exciting trials, which would last for years, a constant source of irritation, and probably compel the government 'to-holM the southern states for a long time as con- every effort should be made to bring them back into the Federal Union. “His°Judg- ment was so clear upon this subject that he deciared his intention to resign his com- mission in the army if his prisoners were not protected. The result was the quash- ing of the indictments and the creation of a@ disposition on the part of the south to accept the results of thetwar. + Gen. Porter succinctly touched on the character of Gen. Grant's career in the army and as President. The great meas- ures enacted during his #@ministration, the vast strides made by the country while he was chief executive and the contribution he “Tt is peculiarly fitting that this meme- ald be dedicated in the presence of inguished soldier who marched in orious columns of his illustrious the vii chief, and who now so worthily occupies GENERAL ULYSSES Ss. made to that progress were graphically described. He continued: A Man for Emergencies. “General Grant was a man who seemed GRANT. the chair of state in which he sat. There is a source of extreme gratification and a profound significance in the fact tha® there are in attendance here not only the soi- diers who fought under the renowned de- fender of the Union cause, but the leaders of armies who fought against him, all uniting in testifying to the esteem and re- spect which he commanded from friend and foe slike. “As commander of men in the field he manifested the highest characteristics of a soldier, as evinced in every battle in which he was engaged. from Palo Alto to Appomattox. He was bold in conception, fixed in purpose and vigorous in executfon. He never ailowed himself to be thrown on the defensive. but always aimed to take the initiative In battle. He made armies, not cities, the cbjective points of his cam- paigns. Obstacles which would have de- terred another seemed only to inspire him with greater confidence, and his soldiers socn learned to reffect much of his deter- mination. His motto was, “When in doubt, move to the front.” His sword always pointed the way to an advance; its hilt was never presented to an enemy.’ He once wrote in a letter to his father: ‘I never ex- pect to have an army whipped, unless it is badly whipped, and can’t help it.’ He en- joyed the physical constitution which en- abled him to endure every form of fatigue and privation incident to military service His unassuming manner, in the field. ds gained him the devotion of the <t of his subordinates. He exhibited & rapidity of thought and action on the field which enabled him to move with a promptness rarely ever equaled, and which never failed to astonish and often to baffle theefforts of a less vigorous opponent. A Many-Sided Man. “He was a many-sided man,and possessed sof so many conspicious and sometimes con- tradictory characteristice that even to those who served with him most intimately in camp and cabinet he still remains some- thing of an enigma To form a just esti- mats of the man we must not only look at the results he accomplished, or the words he wrote, but must study those personal traits which often best explain his chief merits. The salient points in his character were absolute truthfulness, beeoming mod- esty, superb courage, moral and physical, inexhaustible patience, unbounded geperosi- e to be created especislly to mezt great emergencies. It was the very magnitude of the task which cailed forth the powers that manifested it. Whether leading and attacking Mexico, dictating the tern:s of surrender to countless thousands in the war of rebellion, suddenly assuming. vast reeponsibility in great crises, both in peace and in war, writing state papers, as Pres- ident, which were to have a lasting bearing upon the policy of the government; travel- ing through all the lands and mingling with the descendants of a line of ‘<tngs, who rose and stood uncovered in his pres- ence—he was always equal to the occasion and acquitted himself with the success that challenges the admiration of the world. In trivial matters he was an ordinary man; in momentous affairs he towered as a giant. The Mausoleum. As Johnson said of Milton, a colossus from the rocks carve faces on cherry stones.’ “Even his valor on the field of carnage was not superior to the heroism he dis- played when in his fatal {illness he con- fronted the only enemy to whom he ever surrendered. His old will power reasserted itself in his determination to complete his memoirs. During a whole month of physi- cal torture he with one hand held death at arm's length while with the other he pen- ned the most brilliant chapter in American history. since he left the ‘he could hew he could not “It is twelve years living here to join the other living, com- monly called the dead, and the laurel on his brow was intertwined with the cyprus. His last words, uttered at the close of his agonizing illness, were eminently char- acteristic of his patience and consideration for others: ‘I hope no one will be distressed on my account.’ Now that more than a decade has passed since he st among us, we can form a better estim: of his character than when he was close by. magnanimity to foes, un- y and matchless foresight. choosing and in changing r deserted a friend on the friends. fire, but when unfaithful friends had once forfeited his confidence they never re- gained it. He hated only two classes of men—liars and cowards. He never could abide them and never could see any use of their existence. He trod the rugged paths of frontier life and passed through all the 1eugh and tumble of the campaigns of two Wars, was more severely tried than Job himself, and yet never in his life uttered an oath or imprecation. He was a chosen son of Liberty, but he believed in Iberty secured by law, and that the people's pros- perity depends ‘upon public transquillity. Generosity as a Conqueror. “At Appomattox it was a nice question of Judgment as to what terms to accord to the opposing army. Civil warfare is always the most bitter, the worst feelings have Been engendered; the war had claimed as a sacrifice the best blood of the country; the land was filled with mourning; the excite- ™ent was at fever heat, and there was in Many quarters a vindictiveness “which Eomiet the harshest, treatment permissi- je in civilized warfare. General A Without consulting higher authority, and without hesitation, took the responsibility of according lenient treatment and avoiding unnecessary offense. He did not Lee’. sword, and allowed the men to (ke their ‘to work their Iittle farms,’ and when the Union batteries be- gan to fire triumphal salutes, he sent out an order saying: ‘The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again, and the best way to rejoice after the victory will be Time has shed a clearer light upon his acts. He has reached a higher altitude; | distance has brought him into the proper }focus and a picture wpem which we now | look appears in its true proportions. We {see his traits molded into perfect sym- metry and blended into majestic harmony. ‘A tree can best be measured when it is down. On the Highest Pinnacle. “He reached the highest pianacle of hu- man distinction. Men have dwelt upon his ‘achievements till they know ‘theny all by heart. The record of his deeds rises fo the sublimity of an epoch. The story of his life is worthy the contemplation "of ages. He needs no eulogists; his serviceg,attest his greatness; he did his duty and trusted to history for his meed of praise, ~““Thb’ mcre history discusses him the more bril-. Mant becomes the luster of his name. He was a natural leader; he was born to com- mand. He was one of the men who ‘marked. the hours, while others only sound them. No one can rob him of a single laurel; no one can lessen the measure of his re- nown. He honored the age in which we live and future generations will be illum- inated by the brightness of his fame. “His countrymen have paid him a tribute of grateful hearts, that have he people will give our citizens an_in- dividual interest in preserving ft, !n honor- ing it; it will stand throughout the ages upon conspicuous promontory, ie site. It will overlook the tee ET OTR UR EEE quered territories, while he beliévethtthat | and epitaphs have vanished. In the move- ment for the erection of this memorial it was not his reputation that was at stake, ‘it was the reputation of his countrymen. They owed a sacred duty which they could niet fail to perform. “They have reared his monument to a thajestic height. But if it towered above the eagle’s flight it would not reach as high as the summit of his fame. Its flaw- less granite is typical of the spotless char- acter of his reputation. Its delicate lines and massive proportions will remind us of the childlike simplicity which was mingied with the majestic grandeur of his nature. The hallowed memories clustering about it will recall the heroic age of fhe republic. Its mute eloquence will plead for equal sacrifice should war ever again threaten the nation’s life. In this tomb which gen- erosity has created and which his services have sanctified, his ashes will henceforth rest, but his true sepulcher will be in the hearts of his countrymen.” THE PARADE. Organizations That Took Part in the New York Procession. : Mhe parade moved in the following order: Platoon of mounted police; Governor's Isl- ard Band; grand marshal, Maj. Gen. Gren- ville M. Dodge. Military Grand Divisio Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt, U. 8. A.; Unit- ed States forces, Gen. Wm. M. Graham, commanding; corps cadets, United States Military Academy; battalion of engineers; regiment infantry; regiment artillery; bat- talion light artillery; regiment United Staes cavalry, Col. S. 8. Sumner, 6th Cav- alry, commanding, and staff; first squad- ron, 6th Cavalry; second squadron, 3d Cav- al troop litary Academy; forces nited States navy; United States marines: United States seamen; Naticnal Guard, states of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Mary- land, New Hampshire, Virginia, Rhode Isl- and, Vermont, Onio, Mllinois, District of Columbia; independent companies, Societe Legione, Italian Rifle Guard, Independent Russian Hussars of America, Polish Lith- uanian American Republican League, Mil- itary Schcol Cadets, New York Military In- stitute Cadets, St. Francis Xavier Cadets, De La Salle Cadets, Berkeley School Ca- dets, Hamilton Institute Cadets, Barnard School Cadets, Columbia Institute Cadets, Yonkers High School, Plainfield High School Cadets and Castleton School Ca- dets, St. George's Cadets, St. Bartholo- mew’s Cadets, Alliance Cadets, Bloomfield Cadets, Prospect Street Boys’ Brigade, Emmanuel Cadets, Episcopal Church Tem perarce Legion, Leo Battalion, Ascension Kiights of Temperance, Hebrew Orphan Asylum Cadets, Ist New Jersey Battalion Cadets, St. Thozras’ Cadets, St. Monica's Temperance Cadets, St. Petri United States Naval Cadets and Our Lady of Sorrow Ca- dets, Baptist Roys’ Brigade, 1st Battalion New Jersey Cadets, Chinese students, New York Turner Cadets and Rathmore Boys’ Battalion. Veteran Grand Division. Maj. Ger. O. O. Howard, chief marshal; Gen. Henry E. Tremain, chief of staff. Escort, Lafayette Post; disabled corps commanders, in carriage; Grand Army of the Republic, Col. Thaddeus S. Clarkson, commander-in-chief; escort, U. S. Grant Post; departments of New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York; First Independent Brigade, composed of veteran organizations, Gen. Joseph Hayes, commanding, and staff; medal of honor men, Union Veteran Legion, Union Veterans’ Union, United States Regular Army and Navy Veteran Association, Vet- eran Zouave Association, 11th Regiment Veteran Association of New York, Inde- pendent Veteran Association, Veteran As- sociation of 165th Regiment, New York Volunteers (24 Duryea Zouaves), 82d New York Veteran Association, (th Regiment, New York Veteran Corps; Naval Veteran Asscciation, Naval Cadets of New York city, Sons of Veterans, Sons of Confederate Veterans. Civie Grand Division. Ciief marshal, Col. Charles F. Homer, and staff; New York city fire department, Veteran Volunteer Fire Association, pub- lc school, Charles Buckley Hubbell, presi- dent; members of board of education, United Ancient Order of Hibernians, United States Guide and Information Company, Knights of Pythies, Knights of Sherwood Forest, Loyal Orange Institution, Freder- ick F. Fleck Pioneer Corps, Charles Sum- ner Pioneer Corps, Rockland Institute, Junior Order United American Workmen, Frelinghuysen Lancers, Ninth Ward Pion- eer Corps, Order of Scottish Clans, South- ern Beneficial League, Saloon Men‘s Pro- tective Association, Sociata Reduci Dalla Patria Battaglie, Italian-American Pioneer Corps, Legione Giuseppe Garibaldi, Societa Operaina del Risorgimento Scillese, Royal American Schuetzen Bund, First Austrian Veteran Sick Aid Association. Grand Naval Division. Rear Admiral Bunce, commanding; North Atlantic fleet—New York (flagship), Massa- chusetts, Indiana, Columbia, Maine, Texas, Raleigh, Puritan, Amphitrite, Terror; rev- enue marine—revenue cutters Dexter, Woodbury, Dallas, Hamilton, Windom; light house tenders—Maple, Zitanai, Cactus, John Rogers, Mistletoe, Verbena, Azalal, Lilac, Myrtle, Gardenia and Armeris; for- eign men-of-war—H. M. S. Talbot, French corvette Fulton, H. I. M. S. Dogali, H. 8S. M. steamer Infanta Isabella, H. S. M. steamer Maria Teresa. LORD ROBERTS ON GRANT. The British General's Estimate of the Great Commander. ‘The New York World today contains iet- ters from several of the great generals of, Europe, giving their estimate of Gen. Grant. The most interesting contribution is that of the English general, Field Mar- shal Lord Roberts, now commander of the forces in Ireland. Gen. Roberts says: “In my opinion, Gen. Grant, in common with all other great leaders, owed his suc- cess to his determination of character quite as much as to his military instinct and his skill in handling troops. It is im- possible, I think, to overrate the effect of his tenacity of purpose on the great strug- gle in which he took such a prominent pert when he decided, while the terrible two days’ battle in the Wilderness was still raging, to continue his march to Richmond, Gespite the enormous losses he had sus- tained. It was not only a supreme moment in his career, but, so far as we can see, the supreme moment in the history of the great conflict between the states. Nor was his resolution less admirable when, after the disastrous battle of Cold Harbor, he deter- mined to cross the River James by a flank march across Lee's front, and to storm the Petersburg intrenchments. “It was not, however, on these occasions alone that Gen. Grant displayed that firm- ness of resolve and self-reliance which are the most remarkable attributes of the greatest soldiers. Neither at Fort Donel- son did he quail for a moment before the difficulties of the situation or allow him- self to be influenced by the counsel of his less daring and confident subordinates, or to flinch before the weight of his enormous responsibilities. His strength of purpose carried everything before him. For him danger existed only to be overcome, and obstacles before which others shrank ap- palled served only to confirm his determina- tion to succeed. “I would not, however, be understood to suggest that General Grant's courage, moral ane physical, was the one character- istic to which he owed his fame. He re- garded war from a higher standpoint than that of the mere fighting general. From the very first he showed a remarkable grasp of the power of moral influence. | So far as my knowledge of his campaigns extends, he never planned a or a Mianeuver, whether strategical or tactical, without calculating on the effect it would. produce on the minds of his enemies, as well on the morals of his own troops. He was not only a hard-hitting soldier, who never knew when he was beaten, but a x of men who used a powerful in- tellect to prepare the way for his vigor- ‘ous blows. He never lost sight of the fuct that, if he could shake the confidence of the opposing commander, the hostile army would be ulready half = quently and expeditiously-téansferred from one point to another. It is not always re- membered that in ‘his invspion of Virginia Lee's veterans were not Grant's mest formidable opponents, and those who have experience of campaignifig’’ in countries where great natural difficultfes have to be overcome, where roads ar@mifew and bad and all food and forage haye to be tran: urer. This was in February, 1982; and at the same time the legislature amended the charter of the association so that one hun- dred citizens took the place of the former committee of thirty-three. All officers of the newly organized association served without compensation, D. O. Mills provided offices free, and the expenses of collecting the fund became nominal, although the ported from a distant base, gan appreciate | work, because of the immense amount of {at least in some. degree) the gieat. dim. | detail and the smaliness of individual dona~ culty he must “have encotnftred and sur- | tions, was onerous. mounted in supplying-the t4tge army which | ° Then began the memorable campaign of marched to the James rivtr' in 1864. sixty days, in which time it was proposed to raise the remaining $350,000. The actual work began in the early days of April, 18%2, and ir a week such had been the effort that the city fairly rang with the name and deeds of the dead general; school children were writing prize essays, meetings were being held and announcements made in churches, as well as clubs and schools. In order that all classes of people should be interested, the association brought its cause before the two hundred odd trades and pro- fessions represented in the city, and was successful in inducing them to hold meet- ings and to appoint committees for the receiving of subscriptions. Two hundred and ten committzes, rumberizg 2,487 people, were formed; subscription boxes were placed on elevated railroad stations, in stores and banks, and subscription books cope! in business offices. As a result of this stirring up of public feeling, when half the allotted sixty days tad expired, on April 2%, the day the corner stone of the monu- Trent was laid, the Grant Monument Associ- “Nevertheless it was néfas a leader of armies that. General Gran revealed the finest attributes of his natiite. The gene! osity with which ke treated’ his fallen foe after Appomattox was ah. géxamiple to all victorious commanders, as was his _mod- esty in refusing to marti in triumph through Richmond. The thotightful impulse which prompted him to permit the confed- erate army to retain possession of its horses, in order that they, might be used upon the farms, went far ,toward concili- ating the vanquished south, and if peace was quickly established it was in no small degree due to the simple kindness of the reat soldier who has preserved the Union. “Nor can I omit all referenc> to the great labor of love which occupied the last months of his life, when, battling with a fatal disease, he toiled to make provisions for his wife, and his iron. will triumphed over pain and exhaustion; this was cer- tainly not the least of General Grant's many acts of heroism. “One likes to think that he died as he lived, gentle and affectionate, unselfish and unassuming, the bravest of soldiers and the most enlightened of patriots. “Few men have been more hardly tried, and few de- fy.) serve to be as gratefully remembered by Ly] q PN Hi Whi their country as does General Ulysses \ I i, i Grant.” Vey 8 hie GRANT, THE SOUTH’S FRIEND. Ht Conquered the Love of the Men Who Fought Him. The annual Grant dinner of the Middlesex Club of Boston was held last night at the Hotel Brunswick, with nearly 250 members and guests present. Ex-Goy. J. Q. A. Brackett, the president of the club, opened the post-prandial exercises in a brief speech. The principal speaker was Repre- sentative Pearson of North Carolina, who said: “An old confederate lately said to ne I am glad you are going to Boston to join in doing honor to General Grant. He was the best friend the south ever had, and we old confederates are learning to revere his memory as we revere the memory of Lee and Stonewall Jackson. “The highest tribute to this great leader is that he conquered the love of the brave men who laid down their arms to him. “These men have shown themselves more vulnerable to kind words thai: to bayonets. That puissant sword wh! broke the chains of slavery; that stainless sword which he declined to take from _I.ee; the tongue that uttered the words: ‘Take your horses back with you, you will need them for your spring ploughing;’ the pen that wrote the words: ‘Let us have peace,’ these tell the whole story of his ‘ife. Strength, magnanimity, common sense, un- common patriotism. “Grant's name will stand forever identified with the two greatest achievements of the republican party—the settlement of the question of slavery, and the settlement cf the question of secession. “Within one generation the word seces- sion has been obliterated from the hearts of the men of the south, and in its place, in great big, enduring letters, is written the word Union. It was Grant's fortune to be the chief figure in settling this problem, and to live long cnough to see the proofs of this revolution of sentiment, It was great te conquer—it was magvificent to convince. “If one generation can, produce such a change as this, let us, hope, ‘as the thoughts of men are widened with the pro- cess of the suns,’ that one more generation will witness the obliteration, or, at least, the softening, of race prejudice, which has been the bane of the south. “Now, gentlemen, as @ southern man whose people have lived down there for 2g0 years, I want to tell. that our people have many good qualities which may not be visible to the naked eye, at least in their election methods, byt,I assure you j they possess many of the most noble traits af character and of citizenship. “Standing here tonight, in this ancient INTERIOR OF Methodist Chturth. “THe Fitual of the Grand ‘Army was read and followed by a trumpet- er of thé regular army sounding “Taps,” the last call.of the camp.: by the side of the casket. It was the final scene. Gen- eral Sherman cried.outright. General Sher- idan and General Johnston and other noted men gave way to tears, while thousands of veterans and onlookers could not re- strain their. grief. Col. Grant and his relatiyes went beside the casket, and the children threw thelr offerings of flowers upon it and retired. Mrs. Grant, the general's widow, was noi present. Some of her friends urged her to be there, but she said that she felt that she had bade the general “gocd-bye” at the funeral services at Mt. McGregor, and she preferred 40 have tuat as the rem>mbrance of their last parting. To the low strains of music the casket was borne into the tomb and placed in the steel casing. The door of the vault was locked and the key handed to Generai Han- cock, who passed it to Mayor Grace. In turn, the mayor gave the key to President Crimmins of the park commission. The 7th Regiment faced the river during this time, and. three volleys resounded. Then three vol'eys more belched from the Buns of the 22d Regiment. The mounting of the guard followe® The eentries were placed, and they began the vigil which has not since ceased. Then the vast pro- cession and gathering began to disinte- grate. At §.olciocy when the last of the troops hai gone, fen of the soldiers of Battery H of the United States Artii- zt THE TOMB. capital of New England, make bold to | ~ ; assure you that you are going to get help, | ation announced that $202,890.50 had been yes, political help, form. that section | raised during the month. When the cam- some of these days... If that evil | paign closed on May 31, 1892, the amount day predicted by Macauley ever be- | had reached the necessary $330,000. Before falls our country; if the time ever ar- rives when the portentous doctrines, not expressed, but foreshadowed and lurking under the surface of the Chicago platform, shall assume actual and ‘visible form; in that dread crisis you will find positive and powerful support in the south. “Some of our southern people would real- ly like to see this country engaged in a foreign war, in order to prove their devo- tion and loyalty to the Union, but there is not a man ameng them, employer or employe, planter or tenant, who does not abhor the thought of a war between the classes. I repeat it: You will get help from those people when help is needed.” NINETY THOUSAND SUBSCRIBED. that year was out $404,000 had been sub- scribed, which, added to the earlier sub- scriptions of $155,000, made a total of $559,- 000. The balances left in the trust compa- nies have brought the fund up to $600,000. WHEN GRANT WAS BURIED. Ceremonies When He Was Laid to Rest at Riverside. Sixteen days after his death the body of Gen. Grant was laid, on August 8, 1885, in the temporary vault in Riverside Park. The event was a solemn and imposing cer- emony. From all points people flocked into the city by tens of thousands. At least half a million spectators gathered in the streets to watch the long procession escorting the body to the tomb. The re- public had never seen so great a funeral cortege as that which assembled to do honor to the remains of the dead com- mander and President. From peaceful Mt. McGregor the body had been taken to Albany, where it had lain in state at the capitol for a day, and was then brought to New York city, where multitudes looked upon the body of the de- partea hero. On the day of the funeral march representatives of the clergy of all denominations were present when the pall- bearers emerged from the city hall and the casket was placed in the funeral car, a magnificent catafalqve, drawn by twenty- four black horses, with black trappings, and each led by a colored groom. The pall- bearers were Gen. William T. Sherman, Gen. J. E. Johnston, the southern soldier; Gen. Phil. Sheridan, Gen. Simon B. Buck- . | ner of the former confederate army, George {| W. Childs, and Anthony J. Drexel, Admi- rals Porter and Worden, Oliver Hoyt and George Jones, Gens. John A. Logan and George S. Boutwell. With measured tread and dirge playing, the funeral army started. Fully fifty thou- sand men were in line. There were cele- brated generals who had fought with Grant, Grand Army men who had served under him, Mexican war veterans, United States cavalry and infantry, state troops from many states and civic bodies. It was the grandest memorial pageant the world had seen since that of 1852, when the Duke of Wellington was buried. At the Fifth Avenue Hotel President Cleveland, former Presidents Hayes and Arthur, Vice President Hendricks, Secre- taries Thomas F. Bayard, William C. Whitney, Lamar and Manning and other national and state dignitaries joined the procession. The grand marshal of the day was Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. It was truly a reunion of sections, and appro- priately signalized in action Gen. Grant’s wish, “Let us have peace.” In the almost endless line were many southern troops, the City Guard of Atlanta, the Virginia State Troop and others. When the catafalque passed the massed crowds that occupied almost every avail- able inch of space from the city hall to the tomb, all heads were bared reverently un- der the blazing sun of that Saturday morning. Beside the car was a guard of honor, which consisted of Battery A, Sth United States Artillery; Company E, 12th Infantry, and some of the pallbearers in carriages. ‘Then came another long line of soldiers, veterans and civic bodies. Late in the afternoon the catafalque reached the small, plain brick vault, ‘sur- mounted by a gilded cross, that shone in the sunlight. At this time the entire sur- rounding area was a mass of glistening Contributions for the Tomb Ranged From One Cent to $5,000. It was by popular subscription that the fund‘necessary for the erection of the tomb of Gen. Grant was raised, and it is estimat- ed ihat 90,000 persons contributed sums ranging from one cent to $5,000. In all, $559,000 was secured. The unexpended bal- ances were kept in trust companies, and drew 3 per cent interest, so the sum in- creased until it now amounts to about $600,- 000. With the exception of about $50,000, the entire fund was raised in New York city. Five days after the death of Gen. Grant, on the 28th of July, 1885, New York city having been suggested by Gen, Grant be- fore his death as the place for his burial, William R. Grace, then mayor, called a meeting of citizens at the City Hali to take steps toward the coliection of a fund for the erection of a national monumen: On the day following the Grant monume: committee was permanently organized, with ex-President Chester A. Arthur as chair- man. The first appeal to the public was signed by Mr. Arthur as chairman, and by William R. Grace and Hamilton Fish 73s vice chairmen, and within a week subscrip- tions of money were pouring in so fast that there was serious belief that little difficulty would be found in collecting $2,000,000. In February, 1886, when the Grant Monument Association was organized under an act of the legislature, $114,000 had already been raised. Scarcely a week after this date, however, ex-President Arthur was forced to resign as president of the association because of the illness which shortly after proved fatal. Sidney Dillon was then elected president, end was succeeded by Cornelius Vanderbilt in the early part of 1887. In February, 1§88, William R. Grace, ex-mayor, became president. ‘When subscriptions began to move siow- ly, many plans were followed out for the collection of money. The members of the Grand Army of the Republic inthis city worked with tntiring energy from the start, and subscription boxes were placed in ali of the post quarters;’¢0llectors repre- senting various entorng ag periodicals solicited funds in every quarter, and the newspapers of the city kept the urgency of raising money quickly ever:hefore the peo- ple, publishing, from day t0‘@ay, the names of subscribers and amounts subscribed. With the year following fhe creation of the Grand Monument Ass¢eiation, promi- nent architects were requested to submit designs for a monumental'tomb, but be- cause of the general desiré"¥o obtain a de- sign which should at once,be a work of art, picturesque to the popular eye, and durable enough to last through the eges, great caution was takenj‘‘and ideas’ and plans were criticised from€véry standpoint. It was not until September}, 1800, that the | bayonets and nodding plumes, soldiers on plans of J. H. incan of, New York were | horseback and soldiers on foot and battle- accepted by the associaiéon,; and on the | worn flags. Standing near the spot where anniversary of Gen. G1 birthday in| the body of Gen. Grant was to rest, in ad- dition to the President, former Presidents and the cabinet officers, was a host of gov- ernors, senators, chief justices, Congress- ceremonies, for the construction of a tomb to cost between $500,000 and $800,000. By, January, 1802, with the work ‘of ‘con- men, generals, admirals and a galaxy of struction under way, the>fund had-lan-| famous men. Col. Fred. @i with- his ed, Despite all efforts the fund had | wife, was there, and behind him were his for several months remained stationary at Sarto. $u . From other done where there lery arrived at the door of the tomb, where two foldiers stationed themselves with pre- sented arms. Hither and thither paced two other sentineis with trailed arms. That night men who had fought in the blue and men who had marched in the gray met as comrades to talk over the time when they *hed faced each other on the field of battle. As the sentries paced in front of the un- pretentious tomb every one knew that the time so ardently hcped for by General Grant had come in spirit as well as in name. The immense crowds dispersed to their homes, and the city resumed its nor- mal aspect. : THE OLD GRANT TOMB. Sorry Contrast to the One Dedicated Today. The old tomb of Gen. Grant—a squat lit- the brick-built affair which was intended as a temporary resting place for the body and held it for twelve years—stands as a woeful contrast to the new tomb in which the remains are to rest for all time. The two, the old tomb and the new, stand close together, almost side by side. The one impresses even the most careless ob- server with the idea of temporal power, wealth and grandeur; the other, the old tomb, in its simplicity is an emblem of sorrow, which seemed to center the nat- ural sadness that hovers about the mem- ory of a hero, and to concentrate those memories to one little poetic spot. With the old tomb the thousands who stood before the grated door each year thought only of the dead man of war; with the new tomb that fecling must in part give way before the magnificence of the artistic structure which has been reared to preserve the memory. On a little knoll, which was always the first spor in the vicinity to tell of the ap- proach of spring and the last to take on the garb of winter, the temporary tomb stands. The first touch of work done upon it was on Tuesday, July 28, 1885, five days after the death of Gen. Grant. During those few days the consent of the Grant family had been obtained to the interment in New York and the Riverside Park site decided upon. The plans of J. Wrey Mould, the architect of the park department, had, in the meantime, been prepared, and day and night the work went on, closely watched by President Crimmins of the park board and his colleagues, Commissioners Borden and Beekman. AS many men as could possibly work together were set to work, and the little tomb grew day by day. There is a granite base, with walls three feet thick of black and red brick, ris- ing above it until they finish in a top of blue stone. Then a granite keystone and a barrel roof. Very simple, yet substanttal; as has been shown in the passing years: In length the structure is 1% feet; in width, 12 feet 4 inches; in height, -21 feet. Its one docr opens toward the Hudson river. The floor of the tomb,4s-something more than two feet below the, surface of the knoll, and is reached"y stone steps from the door. For proper "placing of the coffin and its steel casitig, briek piers were bias up from the floor ta above the door level. The tomb was. declered finished shortly after noon on Friday, August 7, and the steel casing having’ been set on everything was in readiness for the placing of the coffin.in ,jt.on the following day. In the years ‘which followed, some im- provements..wene"made on the temporary tomb. The walls of brick were plastered with white cement, a grated door took the place of the original one of iron and oak; about the three-foot iron cross a metal initial “G"_ was artistically woven, and a marble casing covered the brick pi which supported the steel case. ‘Through the grated doors, mourners sight-seers looked into the dingy interior, saw the case of stcel with its one light point at front, where was the inscription in let- “U. 8. Grant; Died July 23, fa that the body of General Grant was In the temporary tomb, it was inclosed in three coffins. There was one of copper and cedar, cne of polished cedar and one of steel. The two first are now sealed In the sarcophagus which is in the crypt of the new tomb, the steel casket having been removed. Its place has been taken by five tons of solid granite. The first coffin is air tight and is consid- ered indestructible. Jt is six feet long, and the outer case of cedar is covered with black cloth. The metallic interior is copper, highly polished, and is offe-cighth of an inch thick. The frames and portals are of solid silver; the top ts open the full length and covered with a heavy, French plate. beveled glass. Over this glass the lid fits to make the copper coffin complete, and on the lid is a gold plate, fixed with gold screws, which bears the inscription: “U. 8. Grant, Died July 23, 1885." The handles are massive, of a special design, and are of silver. | Within, the coffin is lined with tufted silk, Hght cream in color, with a pil- lew, on which is embroidered in white the Initials, “U. 8. G.” The second coffin is solid cedar and serves &S a strong pfotector for the first. Inside iz is lined heavily with lead, outside it is highly polished and heavily mounted with silver. The steel case, which formed the third covering, which was large enough to permit the coffin to fit snugly; was the mos’ re- markable of the three. It was of %-inch metal of the finest quality, flanged at every angie and so heavily riveted and carefully made that neither alr nor water could find a pin point of entrance way. It was made at Troy, N. Y. The greatest care was tak: in its construction. It was a perfectly plain steel box, broken only by the double line of rivets, which were driven home and weldea with ‘the understanding that they were rever to be drawn. They were almost a part of the steel casing itself. When the big steel case had been finished and brought to this city, it was ptaced in the temporary tomb, bolted to the piers, all ready for the reception of the coffin on Au- gust 8. The end which faced the door was left open, and it was through this end that the coffin was slid into place. After the first coffin had been made in Rochester, it was brought to New York. For two days it remained in an undertaking establishment on 8th avenue, and during that time it was looked upon by nearly 70,000 persons. All sorts and conditions of Teople went and were so anxious to get a sight that they made wild rushes and dam- eged considerable property in the neighbor- hood. Policemen had to be called to keep the crowd within bounds. The closing of the end of the steel case in the temporary tomb on the night the coffin was put there, August 8, I8N5, was an in- teresting detail. Some few people then were able to understand theeare with which the case had been constricted. Early in the evening of that day; Patrick Cregan, who had charge of the work, with seven men, who had come especially’ from Troy tered the tomb. Everything was in re ness for the placing of “the fifty-six steel bolts, which were to fasten the front steel wall. For two and a half hours the men worked by the light of candles. A portable furnace roared, and the clash of hammers on metal gave the little tomh every appear- ance and sound of a boiler works. When the task had been completed, Cregan ‘satd the armor steel case was not only heretical- ly sealed, but was chisel proof. / ‘That -will last 10,000 years,” he remarked as the tomb coor was locked. More than a thousand people had gath ered about the tomb, anxious to seé the work in progress. A cordon of police ever, kept them back. When it over the peaple scrambled for cach tiny bit of metal and other material left by the workmen. One man got, and treasured, the end of a candle that a workman had held in his hand. THE NEW Description of the Immense Pile of White G ite. One hundred feet above mean high water of the Hudson river the Grant monument a solid pile of white granite 150 feet in height. The first 72 feet of this height is a cube of the Grecian Dorie order, which measures 90 feet on all sides. The entrance, on the southern side, is in- closed by a portico made up of a row of recessed columns. Above and behind the Portico rises an almost blank wall, which’ will one day be relieved by the four eques- trian statues shown usually in plans of the monument, and finishes in a parapet which shows upon its face the sculptured’ figures of Peace and War. Above the parapet there starts abruptly a cupola, 70 feet in diameter, surrounded, as a relief, with lonic columns. 3 Around the crown of the cupola a line of faces, surmounted with eagles, connects the columned drum with the pyramidica? top. The flawless granite of which the tomb censists is of dotted whitish gray, taken’ from a quarry of uniform grain, and is so light in tone that in the strong sunlight it is hardly distinguishable from marble. Passing up the great steps which extend three-quarters of the way across the front of the structure, one comes first to the doors of the tomb, filling a space 16 feet 4% inches in height and 9 feet in width. Of bone-dried ash, covered thickly with a composition of copper and tin, these doors weigh three and one-half tons. In each door are three panels, ornamented with 148 bronze rosettes, the twenty-four on the larger central panel being each twice the size of a man's fist, and aji riveted to the doors with heavy bolts. Beyond the doors, after a clear space of 38 feet is a 25-foot opening directly over the crypt beneath. The interior of the monument is cross-shaped, and the four corner arches are 50 feet above the floor. On these arches rests an open gallery, with an inner diameter of 40 feet, which ts approached by two circular corner stair- ways, each with sixty-nine steps. Above the gallery extends the paneled dome, 115 feet above the floor, and below, through the opening, can be seen the lower floor, and still lower the crypt with the sarcoph- TOMB. agus. The pendentives formed between the cir- cular dome and the arches. are decorated in high relief sculpture," emblematic of the military and civic life of General Grant. The windows are twelve im number, three circling the space in'which rests the sar- cophagus. This passage is shut in by square columns, which support the paneled marble ceiling... The sarcophagus rests in the center of the crypt, 140 feet below the dome. Of all the perplexing questions which arose in connection with the new tomb, the greatest was that of obtaining suitable ma- terial for the sarcophagus. The quality was found, after long search, in the quarries of Montello, Wisconsin, a porphyry of fine texture, brilliantly red- dish in color, Cut from the solid rock, it is highly polished, reflecting the nearby sur- faces as it rests in the crypt. The great block is 10 feet 4 inches long, 5 feet 6 inches wide, and 4 feet 8 jnches high, and weighs five tons. In this immense block ‘a space was hollowed out, into which the coffined remains of General Grant were lowered. Then the capstone was set, and the sarcophagus again became as a solid block. It is plain, save for the simple en- graved inscription at the head of the cap- stone, “Ul; 8. Grant.” ‘The pedestal on which the sarcophagus rests is a square of 10 feet 10 inches. “The lower course of 1 foot 8 inches is made in above which is a five-inch in- dented course. Still above this are two heavy blocks of marble, on which the sar- cophagus directly sets. The total height of all is 7% feet. Some day the body of Mrs. Grant will husba for the tomb of a tero. Nestled on the banks of the Hudson, it seems to lift Itself up from the smoke and’ grime of the scenes below to a purer atmosphere. Massive i i i i i i ae é Fe g F H F i ; i : it ety H 7 i! , cH Be H f : ! i i g g : } : pean? E I el if l ki i 5 i s' i » ii $ I Hl i i | !