Evening Star Newspaper, December 21, 1896, Page 1

THE EVENING STAR. —__-+____ PUBLISHED DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAY, AT THE STAR BUILDINGS, 1101 Pennsylvania Avense, Ger, 11th St., by Even’ Ne Company. — 8. HE AGErMatee Prove Few York Office, 49 Potter Building. The Evening Star is served to subscribers In the city by carriers, on their own account, at 10 cents per week, or 44 cents per month. at the counter Z cents each. By mail—any im the United States or Canada—postage prepaid—50 cents mont! eiiatorday SS $1 per year, with Eweret atthe ice at Washington, D. C., (Entered at the Post o -clase mail matter.) 7 All mall subscriptions must be paid in advance. dvertising made known on application. WASHINGTON, D. ©. ‘MONDAY DECEMBER 21, 1896—SIXTE ECKINGTON RAILWAY Mr. Gallinger’s New Bill as to Air Motors. A PENALTY PROVISION INCLUDED es Memorial of Citizens Presented by Mr. Morgan. MR. KANE’S LLTTER The Eckington and Soldiers’ Home and the Belt railway companies controversy was brought before the attention of~the Senate today. Early in the morning hour the House bill allowing those companies an extension of time in which to’ jut in new motive power was laid before the House, and at about the same time Mr. Gallinger, a member of the committee of the District of Columbia, introduced a bill to amend the charter of these railway com- panies, which provided that within sixty days from the passage of the act the Eck- ington and Soldiers’ Home Railway Com- pany should have in operation one or more compressed air motors as a part of ‘he daily service of that company. The bill provides that if after a test of two months the said motor or motors shall not in the judgment of the Commissioners prove to be in all respects proper and satisfactory the Commissioners are authorized and di- rected to issue to the Eckington and Sol- jiers’ Home and the Belt Line railway companies permits to equip their lires with such compressed air motors, and within six months of the passage of this act these companiez are to be entirely equipped with such motors to the satisfaction of the Cemmissioners. A penalty of $100 per day is imposed for failure or neglect to comply with this act, and the bill further makes provisions for the full equipment of the roads within eighteen months. A Citizens’ Memorial. Mr. Morgan also introduced a memorial from the North Capitol and Eckington Citi- zens’ Asacciation reciting the various in- stances in which the above railroad com- panies had to act in accordance “with the law. - A committee from the North Capitol and Eckington Citizens’ Association, consisting of W. G. Henderson, president; A. R. Ser- ven and P. T. Keane, called on the chair- man of the Senate committee on the Dis- trict of Columbia and had a private con- ference regarding the House bill ziving extensions of time to those companies for the proper equipment of the road. Mr. Kane's Letter. Senator McMillan today received a com- munication from T. P. Kane of the North Capitol and Eckington Citizens’ Associa- tion, regarding the passage In the Ho last week of a bill granting to the Ecking- ton and Belt railway companies additional time In which to equip their roads with modern facilities. Mr. Kahle says: “The «solution in question aims to covertly an- Nl of the provisions of the act of June 1806, beneficial to the public. He says the air motor which the Ecking- nd Belt management now pretend to be anxious to test on their lines is what is krown as the Hoadley-Knight system. He claims that it was shown to the satisfa ticn of the Equity Court of this Distri several weeks ago that this system of air notors is owned by the people who have a ecntrolling interest in the Eckington and Belt lines. namely, the Elkins-Widener- Dolan syndicate of Philadelphia. Motors ot this system. he says, nave been under practical test for several weeks on the Lenox avenue line in New York city, a part of the Metropolitan system, and after a fair trial have been rejected by the officials of that line, who, by a vote of their directors, have determined to put.in the underground electric system. He refers to the explosion of the air tanks underneath the floor of e of these-cars, which occurred in New ork on the evening of the 18th instant. oo THE PRESIDENT APPROVES. Secretary Olney Had an Interview With Him Yesterday, were unusualiy qufet about the xecutive Mansion and the State Depart- ment today, and there were no surface in- ications of any disturbance of the ordi- ary ro ne of business consequent upon retary Olney’s much-discussed declara- tion of the policy of the administration on the Cuban question. Secretary Olney had @ consultation with the President on the et yesterday soon after the latter's return from his ducking expedition, In the of which, it ts understood, the expressed his unqualified ap- the action of the Secretary of State in publicly declaring that the execu- ve would not -be bound by the action of ngress in the matter of the recognition of the independence of the insurgents un- he was fully satisfied that they were ally and justiy entitled to such, recogni- tion by the establishment of a defacto ‘gov- ernment There were only a few visitors at the White House to@ay, and Senator Proctor was the only one whose business might i y have related to the pending issue the of executive and the legislative the government. The impres. such was the case was strength- d by the fact that after leaving the’ White House he called on Secretary Olney and then went back to see the President a second time. it was stated at the White House and at the State Department that there was noth- ing further to be said in regard to the con- stitutional question raised -by the Secre- ary of State on Saturday touching the rec- ognition of the Cuban insurgents. Consul General Lee passed through the city yesterday afternoon on his way from New York to Tampa, where he will take the steamer for Havana, but his presence fiere had nothing to do with the present state of affairs, and it is said that he did not see either the President or the Secre- tary of State. RE! ‘ORMS TURKEY. The Russian Ambassa: With the Salt: CONSTANTINOPLE, December 21.—The Russian ambassador M. De Nelidoff had an hour's audience of the sultan on Saturday, at which he urged the irtroduction of re forms and the granting of amnesty to the imprisoned Armenians. His majesty as- serted that the reforms agreed upon by the powers had already been executed, and promised to issue the amnesty decrees in a Sew days. Subsequently the ambassadors met and exchanged v.ews relative. to the new re- form proposals to be submitted to the sul- tan. = Se Southern Pacific ‘Train Held Up. SAN ANTONIO, Texas, December 21.— Westbound passenger train No. 2 on the Southern Pactfic railroad was held up by three masked men and three money pack- ages from the express car were stolen at midnight last night near Comstock, 208 miles east of San Antonio. FOR DISTRICT ATTORNEY Harry Davis a Leading Oandidate to Succeed Mr. Birney. Cleveland Expected to Follow the Example of Harrison in Making an Eleventh-Hour Choice. The early expiration of the term of Dis- trict Attorney A. A. Birney is being antici- pated by several gentlemen who hope to succeed him. Mr. Birney was appointed in February, 1893, by President Harrison for a term of four years, and his term will ex- pire the 6th of next February. As Presi- dent Harrison appointed in Mr. Birney, a republican, a few weeks previous to the expiration of his own term, it is generally believed that President Cleveland will not hesitate to follow his predecessor's exam- ple. Therefore, the local democrats ex- pect that not only will a democrat be ap- pointed to suceed Mr. Birney, but they also expect that Major McKinley will fol- low Mr. Cleveland’s example and allow the. democratic appointee to complete his term of four years. Before it was definitely known that Mr. Cleveland would permit Mr. Birney to com- plete his term, one of those most promi- nently mentioned as a candidate for the office was Mr. Henry E. Davis, a well- known member of the local bar. Quite an effort was made in his behalf by his friends, and their efforts only ceased when they learned that Mr. Birney would be al- lowed to serve four years. Now, in anti- pation of Mr. Birney’s retirement, Mr. Davis’ friends afe making another de- termined effort to secure his appointment. And, what is more, they appear to be rather confident that their efforts will Prove successful. Mr. Davis is a native of this city, is one of the faculty of the law department of the Columbian University, and is also presi- dent of the District Bar Association. @ democrat, of course, although he could not and did not advocate the election 02 his party's nominee, William J. Bryan, dur- ing the late presidential campaign. Indeed, he was known as an outspoken gold demo- crat, and his debate with Mr. Stilson Hutchins here late in the campaign is well remembered. Outside of his legal qualifi- cations for the office of district attorney, his friends claim that his position during this campaign entitles ‘him to more than ethers. consideration by President Cleve- Speaking to a Star reporter. today, Mr. Davis stated that with his consent his friends are kindly pressing his name before the President as Mr. Birney’s successor, and he had learned that they are confident of success. If he should be considered worthy of the position by Mr. Cleveland and should be tendered it, Mr. Davis said he would accept the appointment, and, if appointed, would devote his very’ best ef- forts to performing the duties thereof in a manner acceptable to the people of the whole District. It is also reported that Judge Thos. F. Miller of the Police Court would accept the appointment, and it is understood that his friends will present his name to President Cleveland. Judge Miller is also a demo- crat, and it is claimed by his friends, and they are many, that he would make an ex- cellent prosecuting officer. Assistant Dis- trict Attorney Hugh T. Taggart is also menticned in cornection with the office. He has been known as the first assistant district attorney for several years, and is regarded as a man of much learning and considerable ability. He is also sald to be a demecrat. While he is not known as an aspirant to the position, it is generally ad- mitted that ke would prove a hard man to beat if he should apply for the position. Assistant District Attorney Tracy L, Jef- fords, although a republican, is also re- garded as being desirous of succeeding Mf. Birney. He is from Ohio, and it is under- | stood that he enjoys the friendship and confidence of President-elect McKinley. Mr. C. Maurice Smith is another republicaa who wouid accept the position, although it is understood that- he will make‘ no fight tor it. Whoever is appointed will’ be, It is Benerally believed, a local man. * gets THE SUPREME COURT: Reargument in the Laclede Gas Case— To Set Aside a-Former Judgment. In the United States Supreme. Court Chief Justice Fuller today’ announced a reargu- ment in the Laclede gas case, involving the franchise of the Laclede Gas Company of St. Louis, Mo. Solicitor General Conrad filed a motion with the court to set aside the judgment entered and grant a new hearing in the case of the Northern Pacific railroad vs. Leonard P. Colburn, in order that the United States may have an opportunity to intervene. He stated that the case involy- ed the rights of many thousands o” settlers. The case was appealed from Montana, where Colburn claimed land within the Northern Pacific grant on a_ settlement made prior to the location of the grant, though no filing had been made. ‘The In. terior Department had uniformly held that such settlement exempted land from the operations of a grant. The Supreme Court took the opposite view in the Colburn case and rendered an opinion which the land office officials say must result in ousting many settlers from their homes ell through the west ir allowed to stand. The ccurt granted a say of the man- date and will consider the motion to set aside its former judgment. ——-+e-_____ Treasury Department Change: The following changes have been made in the classified service in the Treasury De- partment: Appointments: Secretary's office—J. B. Moulton, Pennsylvania, $720 per annum. Office of the State and other departments —Granby Hillyer, Georgia, $900 per annum. Office of internal’ revenue—A. C. Proctor, Iinois, $720 per annum. Office of controller of the currency—P. H. Maxwell, California, $900 per annum. Promotions: Secretary's office—L. M. Charies, Indiana, from $1,200 to $1,400; John Florin, Missouri, from $500 to $660. Office of controller of the currency—W. V. Price, New York, from $720 to $900. Office of internal revenue—Miss C. B. King, Connecticut, from $1,000 to $1,200; Miss A. Fallon, West Virginia, from $900 to $1,000. ee ae Electric Light Contract Approved. General Craighill, chief of engineers, to- zy approved the recommendation of Coi- oxel Wilson, in charge of public buildings and grounds, that the contract for erecting and maintaining electric lights in Franklin, Lafayette, Judiciary and Lincoln parks be awarded to the Potomac Electric Power Company at its bid of 27 cents per lamp per night. see ES Se Officers Commissioned. The President has commissioned the foi- lowing officers of the militia of the District of Columbia: Jesse B. K. Lee, captain of Company C, 1st Infantry; Thacker V.Walk- er, first lieutenant of Company C, 6th In- fantry; Francis C. first Heuten- ant of Company D, fifth Ti Bdwara W. Zea, first Heutenant of Campany C, }: Infantry; James E. Hosford,. first ant of Gompany B, 6th I $ pany C, Ist infantry. se :- e-— Swatow te , and ponder mg Kong, ing of the com: CLOSED THE DOORS National Bank of Illinois in the Con- troller’s Hands. STATEMENT BY ‘THAT OFFICIAL >—— H2 Ascribes the Suspension to Gross Negligence. - INJUDI@IOUS LOANS ALLEGED CHICAGO, December 21.—The National Bank of Illinois, one of the oldest and best- known banking institutions in the city, and with assets of hetween twelve and fifteen million doliars, closed its doors today. The following notice was posted on the doors before the opening of banking hcurs: “This bank 1s in the hands of the na- tional bank exchange. By order of the controller of the treasury.” This action was decided upon at a meet- ing of the directors of the bank last night after the bank had been suspended from the Clearing House Association of Chi- cago at a meeting of the clearing house committee held earlier in the day. Of the sixteen banks that cleared through the National Bank of Illinois two closed their doors as a result of the closing of that institution. They are E. S. Dryer & Company and Wasmansdorff & Heineman. These institutions are mortgage, loan, bank and saving companies in a small way, and their failure is not expected to affect any business house. The assets of E. 8. Dryer & Company are given at $1,600,000, with Habilities of $1,200,000. The figures for Wasmansderff & Heinemann are ap- proximately: Assets, $65),000; abilities, $400,000. The Security Title and Trust Company was appointed receiver for both firms. Six banks have -made arrangements to clear through other banks, ang the balance of the sixteen are mgking similar arrange- ments as fast as possible. ‘The failure was a great surprise in finan- cla] and business circl 4 The cause of the suspension as given in the resolutions adopted by the clearing house committee-are.“‘unwarrantable and injudicious loans” through” which “the c: ital and surplus of said bank is seriously imperiled, if not absolutely lost.” ‘ NEW. YORK, December 21.—Officials of the Mercanttie Nationa! and the American Exchange National banks of this city, cor- respondents of the National Bank of H- linois,; say they will not be affected to any important extent by.its failure. The Amer- jean. Exchange has merely handled col- lections for the.Chicago bank, and is ac- tually a debtor to it. The Mercantile Na- tional Bank people say that the Chicago bank does not owe them except for notes in their hands for collection, and express deep sympathey for the officials of the Chi- cago bank. Finapeial Circles Not Disturbed. _ One of the leading bankers and finan- ciers of this city at noon today said to an Associated Press reporter: “The failure of the Bank of Illinois has created no dis- turbance of consequence in financial circles here. One or two private bankers, who were really nothing but mortgage dealers, have failed; but this is only a natural con- sequence of shrinking real estate values.” The statement was made that a loan of about $2,400,000 to the Calumet Street Rail- road Company, of which J. W. Farson of Farson, Leach & Co. is president, had caused the National Bank of Illinois to ‘uspend. Mr. Farson declined -to make a statement: on that subject, but stated that the failure would not. affect the Calumet road. Heavy loaus on real estate are also «ald .o have beer, made. The last statement of the bank showe Deposits, $12,17 loans, 39,190,642; cash resources, $4,083,202. lt is- thought probable. tnat-none of the 1 depositors will suffer by- the. suspension, a3 | the- bankers who-were-present at the meét- ttce have recommended for consideration the Brgpo: ition to advance %® per cent on ‘all adjugted claims against the National Bank of [llinols. In addition to this they have agreed to use their influ- ence with ali other members of the Clearing House Association to accept all-such claims as collateral at the same ratio. i The National Bank of: Illinois was organ- ized in August, 1871, with a capital stock of $200,000, which- was subsequently. inereased te $1,000,000. It was regarded as one of the soundest financial institutions in the city. The Press Club is one of the sufferers by the suspension, all the proceeds of the ad- vance ale of tickets for the foot ball game between the Carlisle Indians and the Uni- versity of Wisconsin.eleven, which was held under the management of the Press Club, amounting to over $3,000, having been de- posited Saturday. It was announced that the Drovers’ Na- ional Bank, which cleared through the National Bank of Iinols, will clear through the Commercial National. The West Side Bank will also clear through the Commer- cial National. ‘The suspension had but little effect either in the wheat pit or on the stock exchange. Wheat, indeed, showed strength after the opening 5-8 decline, and the stock market was dull and only fractionally lower. Neither the bank examiner ror any officer ot the National Bank of Illinois will make any statement at present. Controller Eckels’ Statement. Controller Eckels today gave out the fol- lowing“ statement concerning the failure of the National Bank of Illinois: “I am advised*by Bank Examiner Mc- Keon that the National Bank of Illinois has closed for business and is now in his hands for the controller of the currency, In order to prevent any delay in proving claims against the bank, and to obtain for creditors at a very early date the largest part of the amount due to them, I have ap- pointed Mr. McKeon temporary receiver, with telegraphic instructions ‘to publisn notice of proof of claims at once. The clearing house committee of Chicago have advised me through the examiner that the clearing house will immediately advance 75 per cent of the face of approved claims, and thus give creditors of the bank im- mediate relief and prevent unnecessary ais- turbance of business. I have also directed the receiver while securing all loans of a doubtful character to exercise the utmost caution so as not to work any hardship upon the business interests of those dealing with the bank and depending upon it. “he advance made by the clearing house, it is to be understood, is not in payment of euch claims in full, but simply a Ioan of such an amount with the certificates as collateral security. Caused by Bad Methods. “The failure of the bank ts due to in- judicious, reckless and imprudent methods, followed by the officers and not checked by the directors, though their attention had been individually called to the same and over their individual signature they had promised to remedy the weak points in the bank's condition. source of failure is the lumet : Yoldings of the Cah Bleetric ban! stock, “The ks which id the promises “of officér® and directors had not been carried out.” Controller Eckels’ Warning. “Upon this report I prepared a letter ad- dressed to the president “and directors, which I sent to the examfner on Decem- ber 14, to’ be read to them @t a meeting called for this purpose. {ThI# letter re- viewed at length’ the condition of the bank and the failure of the promises made to be fultilled. It emphasized the position taken by the office that a decided and radical change had to be at once ma@é, and noti- fied the directors to take immediate steps to put the bank in condition. The letter was presented to the directors, with a full and complete analysis on the part of the examiner of the matters in the bank de- manding attention. “On Saturday I received notice from the examiners that rumors of te bank’s con- dition had reached the clearing house com- mittee, and they desired to have his report read to them. “I ordered it to be done, but suggested that before doing so he see the officers of the National Bank of IHinois and obtain their acquiescence, This was ob- tained, and the vice president of the bank was present with the clearing house com- mittee. , Suspended From the (tearing House. “The condition revealed ted to the resolu- tion to suspend from ‘the clearing house. Before action was taken, however, the ex- aminer telegraphed me, and in reply I sug- gested that in view of the large interests involved great care should be had, and, even atthe risk of taking some chances, funds might be provided if it was deemed safe to do so, to afford voluntary liquida- tion. The assets of the bank were examin- ed and its management as shown by the examiner considered, and as -a conclusion it was decided that the bank should be: suspended from the clearing house, and funds not furnished for voluntary liquida- tion. Three of the bank's directors were present at these meetings. Grons Negligence Charged. “In view of everything I jam convinced that the clearing house committee acted judiciously. The management on the part of the officers and directors has been, to state it mildly, grossly. negligent. The Mabilities of ihe bank are ‘large, but by careful and judicious management the los: entailed upon creditors need not be large, if any. Every measure .will be taken by the clearing house and the controller's Qffice to prevent other banks or business failures and unnecessary pionetary strin- | gency. Already all outside} banks having the National Bank of Iilitofs as a reserve agent have been notified by telegraph of the 7 per cent clearing house ai nt. A large amount of difficulty: eat be prevented if those depending upon danks of Chi- cago and elsewhere affected) Gy this bank's failure use judgment work ‘themselves: Into a state: af" Other banks can be made to fail wily through those having funds wjth-tZem becoming frightened and making eeessary de- mands. On the other hand, “ie wanks ought to be careful and prudent met unneces- sarily calling the loans of -tbetr business customers.” ‘ CHRISTMAS AND 7 POOR % The Evening Star Santa Clauq Gin and Its Work, The Pound Party to. Be bel Wednes- day—Fands Needefl for Sheen” for Dentitute Childrét. There is nothing so likely to call atten- tion to the needs and sufferings of .he poor as the coincidence ofj cold weather and the glad Christmas tim! At the season of the year when, if evér, Joy and peace tule in thejhomes of all, when preparations are making to add to] the happiness and pleasure jaf loved ones, | it 4s. no-¢asy fatter to fo: are. homes where Christ: that there Parison with what might Of all the festivals of the realization of all -thefr’ hopes and G@reams. It means happiiess for most ‘children, but. unfortunatety, ‘not for al ‘There are ‘little onés; dear: tg @ mother’s heart as any darling ina home of wealth, who will hang up their ‘stockings on Christmas eve and wake. early Christmas morn to find them empty. | Life for grown-up people ik not free from sorrow, but rarely is. there .a sorrow as keen as that known by a little child when he realizes that Santa Claus is not a friend of his, and for some reason un- known to him has passed him by to go to homes where parents are rich and could provide joy for their children without the assistance of the dear old saint. It is for just such children as these, the little ones who are not dawn on Santa’s visiting list, that The Evening Star Santa Claus Club is designed. If fs the chil- dren’s club, and its aim js to make other children happy. ‘It is a channel through which Christmas charities can pour. Read- ers of The Star know that they may give to the club with the feeling that whatever they may see fit to give will, reach some deserving person who Is in need of the bare necessities of life. 5 -This year, as last, the Christmas Club will devote itself to a pound party for the benefit of the poor. its objacts meet with the hearty approval of the: public school authorities, and, through their co-opera- tion, every public school building in the District will be made a depot for receiv. ing supplies on Wednesday, the day set apart for the pound party. supervis- ing principals have directed‘all the teach- ers to bring the matter to the attention of their scholars, and have urged them to make the best of the opportunity to give the children a lesson in practical philan- thropy. Wednesday is thé ast school day before the Christmas vacation, and it is hoped that on that day every person who can will send a donation to the school building nearest his home. What is wanted most of ei} is provisions of a non-perishable nature. clothing, for sanitary reasons, tg mot’ @esired. Ali donations, and it ei ed arg cigs will be generous, will be'gai®ered up in- wagons provided by The Evening Star, and taken to the depots, from ‘hieh they will be distributed to the. “of the city, through the regular charity; omganizations. But there is much need ney in ad- dition to these supplies, ler the direc- tion of the supervising Fe ar of the schools funds ratsed by the-elub have been expended in. former years ia purchasing shoes for children, who otherwise be unable {o attend the. . There is nothing that can be of more bene- fit to poor children thi Se ode ek g00d warm shoes. Many who a¥ill not, it ‘pu he thing to the convenient to contribute pound party can give fund of the Santa Claus Clulf, ‘The Evening Star will-receive and for all sub- scriptions made and turn the, money over to the supervising principals of the public schools, who will see to ‘its: iture. to The Evewing Star Santa Claus Club have been received as follows: _ leretofore acknow! $102.00 ficans ‘Nttiey but an aggravation. of: :disfress by come | year there. is none so ded to the hearts of little -chifd- | dren a6 Christmas,.for to, them it means EN PAGES. CAMERON’S REPORT |F'GHTS oF THE executive MR. OLNEY'S POSITION es His Reasons Why His Resolution Should Be Adopted. HISTORY OF EUROPEAM INTERVENTION Position of the United States From President Monroe Down. PARTICULAR CASE OF CUBA Senator Cameron today presented to the Senate the report of the committee on for- eign relations favorable to the adoption of the following joint resolution: “Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Amefica, in Congress assembled, That the indepeaderce of the republic of Cuba be and the same is hereby acknowledged by the United States of America. “Be tt further resolved, That the United States will use its friendly offices with the government of Spain to bring to a close the war between Spain and the republic of Cuba.”" The report is very voluminous. It says: Congress at its last session, after long and patient consideration, adopted with prac- tical unanimity the view expressed by your committee that the time had come for re- suming. intervention -with Spain for the recognition of the independence of Cubs. Spain having declined to listen to any rep- resentation founded on an understanding between herself and- the insurgents; and Congress having pledged itself to friendly intervention, the only question that remains to be decided is the nature of the next step to be taken, with proper regard to the customs and usages of nations. Before deciding this question your coi- mittee has preferred to examine with some care all the instances which have occurred, during this century, of imsurgent peoples claiming independence by right of revolt. The inquiry has necessarily led somewhat far, especialy because the right of revolt or insurrection, if insurrection can be prop- erly called a right, seems in every instance, except one, to have carried wiih it a cor- responding intervention. For convenience we have regarded both insurrection and in- tervention as recognized rights, and have attempted to ascertain the limits within h these rights have been exercised, and their force admitted,by the general consent of nations. The long duration of the French revolu- tionary wars, which disturbed the entire world for five and twenty years, and left it in a*state of great confusion, fixed the beginning of our modern international sys- tems at the year 1815, in the treaties of Vienna, Paris and of the Holy Alliance. The settlement local disturoances, under the Influence of the powers parties to tiese treaties, proceeded without “serious disa- greement until 1821, when the Greeks rose in insurrection against the sultan. The modern precedents of European insurrec- ticn and intervention, where, independence was the issue involved, began with Greece. Greece 1821-1827. The revolution broke out in Greece at the end-of March, 1821. Within a month the rebels got posscssion of all the open coun- try, and all™the towns, except so far as they were held by Turkish garrisons. The sultan iinmediately called all Mussulmans to arms; the Greek patriarch was hung at the decor of his own chureh at Constanti- nop! Several hundred. merchants were ™Massecred; several hundred Christian churches were destroyed and the Russian amba:sador. insulted. At Tropau, in No- vember, 182), the threé powers of Russia, Austrin and Prussia, united in signing a Protocol expressly intended to assert the right of intervention in all cases where a EN an. power “‘snould suffer, in its in- ‘terial regime, an alteration brought about revolt, an@ the results of which are lenacing for other states.” The language of this protocol had much to do with the ‘Subsequent. course of events. “Faithful to the principles they have pro- claimed, and the respect due to the author- ity of every legitimate government, as well_as,to. every. aet-which emanates from its freetwill;-the.ailied powers will engage to refuse their recognition to changes con- summateéd by. illegal methods. When states where such changes shal have been ef- fectuated shall cause other countries to fear by their proximity an imminent dan- ger, and when allied powers can exercise in regard. to them an efficacious and beneficent action, they will employ, in order to restore them to the bosom of the alli- ance, at first friendly processes; in the second place, a coercive force, if the ex- ercise of that force becomes indispensabie.” After reviewing the diplomatic contest this produced, the report proceeds: “In the whole discussion, from Ma » 1821, until January, 1823, the right of in. tervention was never disputed, except by Turkey. On that point the whole law was stated In conversation between the Briti ambassador and the Turkish minister. Turk took the ground that everything had been done by Turkey if she had satisfied her treaty obligations. “Everything as against Russia,” replied Strangford, the British ambassador; “but not as regards the allies and friends of the porte. Accord- ing_to Turkish law, it was not allowed to leave a house in a condition that endan- gered a neighbor's safety. The Turkish goverrment believed it had restored the eld solidity of the wall, but he (Lord Strargford) feared they ' were iistaken.” ‘God forbid,” said the Turk; “but in any not yours od forbid,” repeated Lord Strangford: for this is our affair as well as yours.” Belligerency Recognized. This was thé. situation when Lord Cas- Uereagh died and George Canning became prime minister of England. He began by recognizing Greek belligerency. The Greeks issued a proclamation declaring a strict blockade of the ports of Patras and Lepanto, and thereupon the Ionian high commissioner, on the 17th of Nove 1824, recognized this “communication ee persons exercising the functions of govern. ment in Greece,” and ordered “all ships and boats, of whatever description, bearing the Ionian flag to respect the same in the most strict and exact manner.” This seems to have been the siep which led to Canning’s somewhat famous defini tion ‘of the nature of belligerency in 1825, “The Turkish government,” we are told, “complained that the British government allowed to the Greeks a belligerent charac- ter, and observed that it appéared to for- get that to subjects in rebellion no na- tionai character could properiy belong. To’ this remonstrance Canning replied, through the British resident at Constanti- nople, that “the character of belligerency was not so much a principle as a fact; that a certain degrée of force and con. case this would be our affair, civilized nations so to treat them.’ ne proposition must have seemed some- wl even to Canning; Yor in plying it to the special case of ‘Greece he added that “a power or community, call Opinions of Interest Rendered by the Courts. Statement by Ex-Attormey General by Secretary Olney. INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., December 21.- The Journal today prints a letter signed by W. H. H. Miller, ex-Attorney General of the United States, on the Cuban question. It is as follows: “Ag the issue made by the Secretary of State as to whether the recognition of the insurgent government in Cuba is a legisla- tive or executive function is now of public interest, the foilowing expressions by the courts may be worthy of attention. In the case of Williams agt. the Suffolk Insurance Company (3 Sumner, 272) the right of re- covery upon an insurance contract turned upon the question whether the soveretgnty of Buenos Ayres extended over the Falk- land Islands. It was on one side contended that the question was one for the court to decide as it would any judicial question. Mr. Justice Story, deciding the case at cir- cuit, said: ‘It 1s very clear that it belongs exclusively to the executive department of our government to recognize from time to time any new governments which may arise In political revolutions in the world; and until such new governments are recog- nized they cannot be admitted by our courts of justice to have or to exercise the common rights and prerogatives of sov- ereignty.” “The case being carried to the Supreme Court of the Uniyd States, Mr. Justice McLean, speaking for that court, said: ‘Can there be any doubt that when ‘the execu- tive branch of the government, which is charged with our foreign relations, shall in its correspondence with a foreign na- tion assume a fact in regard to the sov- ereignty of any island or couniry, it is con- clusive in the judicial department? And in this view it is not materiai to inquire, nor is it.the province of the court to de- termine, whether the executive be right or wrong. It is enough to know that in the exercise of his constitutional functions he-has decided the question. Having done this under the responsibilities which belong to bim, it is obligatory on the people and goverment of the Union (13, Peters re- ports, 415). “These decisions have been repeatedly cited, and so far as known to the writer, net questioned.” LYNCHING AT MAYFIELD, KY. The Prisoner Taken From Jail by a Mob and Hanged. MEMPHIS, Tenn., December 21.—A spe- cial to the Commercial Appeal from May- field, Ky., says that Sheriff Cook and W. A. Usher arrived there yesterday having in charge Jim Stone, who has veen in Louis- ville for the past two weeks. Stone's trial was set for Tuesday, December 27, in cir- cult court. H. J. Moorman and Gus Thomas had been appointed to defend the negro by the court, and were in close consultation with him nearly the entire day. Stone; who was charged with criminally assaulting Mrs. J. M. R. Green at her resi dence at Mayfield on the night of Novein- ber 24, was arrested by Sheriff Cook the day after the crime was committed. Stone denied his guilt, but the evidence was over- whelmingly against him. He was moved to Paducah and then to Louisville for safety, several attempts at lynching having been made. Last night a mob of about 500 masked tren assembled a few hundred yards from the Mayfield court house and marched to the county jail, and after breaking down the doors of thé prison entered and secured the negro. He was carried to the court yard and swung up to a limb at 2 o'clock, and the mob fired shots through his body. The jailer attempted to defend the negro, but the mob demanded him in such a man- ner that he was forced to surrender him. The negro made a statement to the effect that another Dapre committed the crime, but the mob"paid no attention to his words. The negro offered prayer while knives were being plunged into his body, but to no avail. A placard was pinned on his body arnouncing that he should not be taken down until 12 today. Several other negroes residing in the city were notified to take fair warning. —————— FOR MR. DINGLEY’S s cat. A Hot Contest in Case He Gees Into President McKinley's Cabinet. Special Dispatch to The Evening Star. LEWISTON, Me., December 21.—It is now generally believed here that Representative Nelson Dingley will be a member of Presi- dent McKinley's cabinet, and already the candidates for his seat have begun to get into line. Among the number are Judge Enoch Foster, one of the members of the Maine supreme court; Charles E. Little field, who seconded the nomination of Thos. B. Reed in the St. Louis convention, and George C. Wing of Auburn, a well-known jawyer and politician, who was chairman of the republican state committee in the days of James G. Blaine. The last name to appear in the lists is that of Harold M. Sewall of Bath, the son of Arthur Sewall, the vice presidential candidate for the sil ver democrats in the last campaign. * In the event that Mr. Dingley does go in- to the cabinet, the contest for the republi- can nomination for his seat will be one of the hottest and most interesting ever seen in the state, and will not fail to attract national attention. It is understood that Joseph H. Manley, who is the Maine member of the republican national committee, is very friendly to young Mr. Sewall, and, although not in his district. will do all he can to help his can- didacy. Mr. Dingiey succeeded Mr. Frye in the House in 1881, and has served his district with distinguished ability. DUTTON SENTENCED. ‘Three Years’ Imprisonment Fine. NEW YORK, December 21.—Stephen Dut- ton, who was convicted ten days ago, after a lengthy trial, of swindling Miss Alys Godfrey of Washington out of valuable real estate, was today sentenced to state's prison for three years and to pay a fine of $5,000, or to stand committed one day for each dollar until the fine is paid. Judge Newberger, in passing sentence, said there was not a mitigating circum- stance in the case; that Dutton had added perjury to his crimes, while testifying in his own behalf during the trial. The court said he had not only deprived Miss God- frey of property, but he had, by innuendo, endeavored to injure her reputation. — Coming to Wed Miss Bonaparte. NEW YORK, December 21.—Count Adam Moltke arrived on La Gascogne today, and 1d $5,000 ese Senators and Representatives Discuss His Statement. ION OF POWER HIS ASSUMP? May Be Sensational Developments in the Matter. ae ey OF oe EXPRESSIONS OPINION There seems to be little prospect that the Cuban resolutions will be adopted by the two houses of Congress. It is evident, however, that there is going to be a bitter fight over the matter. The declaration of Secretary Olney that the President would not be bound. by the action of Congress has excited great indignation in both houses, and in @ measure changed tte issue from that involving the independence of Cuba to one of the question of authority between the President and Congress. Many who «re not disposed to favor the Cameron res- olution are so indignant in their resentment of Mr. Olney’s statement that they are in- clined to go to most any extreine in vin- dication of the authority of Congress. The leadecs who oppose the Cuba resolutions are generally offended at Mr. Olney’ course, on the ground that it will strength- en the resolutions, Their criticism ts that Mr. Olney should have known th: WaS not the most remote possiivtlity resvlutions being adopted, anc that, fore, he should not have raised the ques tion ef authority to embarrass tion. Mr. Olney*s Only Excuse. It is sald that he fully understood that this declaration on his part was not render- ed necessary by any situation existing in Congress, and the only excuse found for it is that there was something in the relations between the State Department and Spain which demanded this public assurance as to the friendly attitude of the administra- tion toward Spain. ‘The fact is believed to be that, as was in- dicated by information before the meeting of Congress, Spain has been assured by the administration that within a certain limit of time this government will not interfere in the Cuban matter, and that after the expiration of that time some settlement must be had. The action of the Senate committee threatened the breaking of this understanding, and the inference is Uhat it was on account of this that Mr. Olney felt compelled to reassure Spain. His stat ment intensified rather than relieved, feeling in Congress. Will Filibuster im the Senate. The opponents to the Cameron resolu- tions in the Senate do not intend that they shall pass them. They openly threaten a filibuster that will consume the entire ses- sion. The fact that there is to be an extra session of Congress anyhow retieves the de- feat of appropriation bills at this session of much of the gravity of responsibility. If they all went over until the extra session they might the be passed in time to Zo into operation by the 30th of June. This situation makes the cpponents of Cuban independence adopt a course of filibuster. In addition “to this the practical certainty that the House will not act may have a tendency to weaken the efforts in behalf of the resolutions in the Senate when it is found that the filibuster is in earnest. Sensational Developments Expected. The situation is Hable,however, to develop sensational features, for if it is found to be true that Mr. Olney has actually by direct communication assured Spain that the res- olutions of Congress would not be obeyed if adopted, a determined effért would be made to impeach him. . WHT Not Pasw the Houxe. General Draper of Massachusetts, who -in the absencé of Mr. Hitt is acting chairman of the foreign affairs committee of the House, and is also one of the subcommittee of three charged with the special constd- eration of the Cuban problem, said this morning: “In my judgment no such resolution as Mr. Cameron's will ge committee in this rei Mr. committee, consisting of Adams of Pennsylvania, Mr. Tucker of Virginia and myself, are ail opposed to ill-considered ac- ticn, such as this would be, avd I think the committee as a whole feels the same way with substantial ity. There has been a great change of feeling cn this question, not only in comimictee, but in the entire House, since the last Congress, and I believe the House has now become the conservative body.” Daty of the Executive. Representative Baker of w Hamp- shire locked at the Viney letter and the Cuban situation in this light: “My opinion is that it is the duty of the chief execu- tive to obey all statutes and resolutions of Congress whenever they become law, elthe by his approval or when they are passed over his veto; and any failure to carry cut the will of Congress thus expressed would render the President er any of his Secre- tarfes liable to impeachment; and it might become the duty of Congress in defense of free government to take action in that regard, irrespective ofany views held on the Cuban question. Per- sonally, 1 believe this government should, so far as possible, extend to the patriots fighting for free government in Cuba our aid, without committing a breach of international law. 1 voted for the recog- nition of belligerency and would do 80 again, because 1 do not believe such @ recognition can be considered as a breach of our international duty. 1 should be will- ing to vote for a recognition of independ- ence. The Cubans are suffering from taxa- tion without representation and other wrongs vastly i, excess of those which led our forefathers to declare and maincain their independence.” : Representative Hill of Connecticut: “I haven't given the leiter of Secretary Olney full consideration, but 1 am in favor of doing anything lawful or honorable for Cuba, although I am not in favor of war. Mr. Olney’s Position. Representative Henry of Connecticut: “I am not a lawyer, but it was a great sur- prise to me to see the claim made that the President would refuse to comply with a two-thirds vote of Congress overriding a veto. The controversy practically ends the Cuban question in this House. Mr. Olney’s position is an assumption never made be- tore.” Representative Gillet of Massachusetts said:. “Secretary Olney’s view gives the President more power than I should be willing to credit him with without more in- vestigation on the subject, but it seems to me that Congress ought to have a right to interpose in so delicate a matter. I am not, however, in favor of the recognition of the Cubans at a, Representative Walker of Massachusctts: “The President has large powers in foreign relations, and he ought to have. There are many things in diplomatic matters which cannot be given the public, and which the President only understands fully. The President full power in all these matters, except an actual of war, which rests with Congress alone.” Not tm a Condition for War. Representative Miller of West Virginia: “I am inclined to think Mr. Olney is right in the main. I am opposed to the Cameron resolutions, if they would involve us