Evening Star Newspaper, December 8, 1896, Page 13

THE NEW LIBRARY Mr. Bernard Ry Green Makes an Ex- haustive Report. DETAILS OF THE WHOLE GaEAT WORK What Sculptors and Artists Have Done to Beautify It. THE COST OF ———— It Mr. Be-nard R. Green, in charge of the construction of the building for the Library of Congress, has submitted the following report to the chairman of the joint com- mittee on library: “Sir: In accordance with law I have the henor to submit the following report upon the construction of the building for the library of Congress during the year ending December 1, 1896: “All previous reports since the passage of the act of October 2, 1888, have been made by Brigadier General Thos. Lincoln Casey, U.S.A., who was placed in charge of the building by that act. His death occurring suddenly on March 25, 1896, I received the honor of appointment as his successor by the joint resolution of April 2, 1896. “At the date of the last annual report the work of construction proper had been practically completed, and much of the in- terfor finish and fully three-fourths of the exterior work of grading, curbing, paving and putting in proper order the court yards, grounds and approaches had also been done. Since that date the work has continued actively and uninterruptedly wiih the result then anticipated, that the building is now very nearly completed in all particulars. “The actual operations of the year have been mainly the following: * “Completion of shelves fer the book stacks: placing the cast fron and steel book shelves in the two tiers of alcoves sur- rounding the rotunda or public reading room: completion of interior marble work: laying the mosaic, tile and granite floor covering of the halis ane rotunda, including the basement of the latter: completion of plastering and stucco work; completion of the wood floor covering of rgoms; all plumbing work of the fourteen lavatories, separate wash basins, etc.: completion of the nine elevators; hanging the remainder of the doors, excepting the three pairs of bronze doors of the main entrance; con- struction and completion of the forty-six large panels of ornamental glass ceiling lights in the north, east and south cur- tains, second story, and in the main stair hall; construction and completion of the interior ornamental glass work of the eight great clerestory windows of the ro- tunda; completion of the ornamental wood- en wainscot and flooring of the two con- gressional reading rooms and librarian'’s office: construction and essential comple- tion of the mahogany central desk, cata- logue counter and reading tables, combined with the iron warming and ventilating pedestals, and the book-carrying apparatu ete.. of the rotunda or public reading room completion of the electric dynamos, en- gines and switchboard in the cellar, and the electric wiring of the building; install- ing fourteen electric ventilating fans: manufacture of electric lighting fixtures for the building: continuing the construc- tion of the book-carrying apparatus be- tween the pubile reading room and the north and south book stacks; constructing the chief part of the similar apparatus in the tunnel communicating with the Capi- tol; completion of the combined pneu- Matic and speaking tube system between the public reading room and the several book stacks; decorative and plain painting throughout the building: placing nearly all of the special mural paintings and archi- tectural sculptures; completion, in the spring of the year, of the stone work of the approaches; removal, in the month of March. of the two remaining old brick buildings, occupying the northeast corner of the grounds, and used until then for the office of the works; sales and removal of old materials, tools, etc., by auction, and the completion, in the spring of the Year, of the whole northeast quarter of the grounds by grading, curbing and paving, and also laying the remaining half of ali the granolithic walks about the building. “The asphalt pavement of both the front and rear driveways of the building was laid _in December, 1895. On June 9 the last of the scaffolding, including the traveling scaffold in the vault of the dome, was re- moved from the main rotunda, and on July 31 that of the body of the main stair hall Was also removed. The base of the dome vault, left open to accommodate the cir- eular track of the traveling scaffold, has been closed and completed. The average number of workmen employed during the year, other than those of contractors, was about two hundred and sixty. List of Contracts. “The formal contracts that have been in force during any part of the year are shown in the following table: Details to Be Finished. “At the present time the work in hand is the corstruction of the book carrying apparatus above referred to for service be- tween tho bock stacks, the public reading room and the Capitol; construction of the pneumatic tube and private telepaone lines to the Capitol through the tunnel; adjust- ing and ishing of the woodwork of ihe table fixtures and desks in the public read- ing room; placing the last of the door and window hardware, electric lighting fixtures, plain painting and placing of the few re- meining mural pictures and bronze figures, the bronze doers of the main entrance, con- sxruction of the fountain in the west ap- Beoaches, and the planting of shruys and dwazf trees in the grounds to compiete tbetr design. All of this work ts rapidly drawing to a close and the building will, without dcubt, be entirely comple::d in every essential particular ready to be placed in the hands of {ts permanent cus- todian for occupation and use by the end of February next, 1897, as foreshadowed i the last annual report and as estimate fa the original project of December 1, 1888 ~Mis. Doc. No. 12, 50th Congress, second session), on which the act of March 2, ISS9, authorizi:g the construction of the present building was based. It is possible, however, that some bronze pieces of the fountain, one statue and a portion of one of the bronze doors will be somewhat de- layed beyond that time, but not to inter- fere with the occupation and use of the building. Statement of Funds. 2 “Amount appropriated since October 1888, $5,930,000; balance of appropriation of April 15, 1886, $245,56 amount 94; total, $6,175,567.94; expended prior to last report, amount expended since last total expended since Oc- .02; unexpended De- 02. “No additional appropriation Is required to coraplete the building. “The end af this great work being now se near at hand and its completion already practically realized, this may be regarded as the last of the regular annual reports called for by law to be rendered to Con- gress at the commencement of each ses- sion, and the present a proper time to re- count briefly the principal facts relating to the design and construction of the building as it now stands. When the end of the work is reached, as above anticipated, a supplemental report will be submitted con- taining s detailed statement of the cost. “The first act of Congress providing for the construction of the building was ap- proved on April 15, 1886. Its terms adopted the plan submitted by John L. Smithmeyer, created a commission consisting of the Sec- retary of the Interior, the architect of the Capital extension and the librarian of Con- gress, to have charge of and carry forward the work, and selected the present site, comprising three city blocks or squares, Nos. 729, 730 and 781, occupied by some seventy buildings, chiefly dwelling houses. ‘The year 1886 was occupied in appraising and taking possession of the ground, the rext year in clearing the site, making the principal excavation for the foundations and laying the drainage system, and the year 1888 in laying one-half of the concrete feundation footings, on the plan adopted by the act above mentioned. On October 2. 1888, a new act of Corgress was approved repealing so much of the act of April 1 1886, as provided for a commission and the construction of the building according to the plan therein- spectfied. Gen. Casey im Charge. 3 “This act placed the work under the sole control and management of the chief of engineers of the army, Brigadier General Thos. Lincoln Casey, requiring him to re- port direct to Congress annually and to Prepare general plans forthe entire con- struction of the building subject to the ap- proval of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Interior, and within a to- tal cost of $4,000,000, exclusive of appropria- tions theretofore made. Subsequent settle- ment of — ——e revealed an erenens balance of the previous appropriation amounting to $245,567.04. “The preparation of the new design was at once entered upon, using the previous one as a basis by reducing its dimensions and otherwise considerably modifying it to bring the cost within the required limit. The new plans were completed and sub- mitted for approval to the secretaries on November 23, 1888, but no action was taken by them. At the same time this design, to- gether with another modification ©f the original, retaining the full dimensions of the building, but modifying its ground plan and other architectural features, within and without, in many important part! lars, was placed before Congress in the first annual report, dated December 1, 1888, being the Mis. Doc. No. 12, Fiftieth Con- gress, second session, above alluded to. The cost of the building by the latter de- sign was estimated at $6,003,140, and the time for its construction at eight years. Toward the close of the session Congress again took up the subject of plans in con- nection with the sundry civil appropriation bill and adopted the larger modified design by the act approved March 2, iS8%, dir2ct- ing that the building be erected in accowl- ance therewith and at a total cost not to exceed 00,000, exclusive of appropria- uons theretoforé made. he amount of the previous appropriations was $1,000,U00, of which a balance of $745,567.04 remained, af- ter the expenses of operations on the old plan had all been defrayed. ‘Thus the total limit of cost of the new plan was fixed by law at $6,245,567.91. “In the meantime many. detail plans of stonework for the exterior walls, founda- tions, etc, had been prepared, and the working up of the details of desizn and construction in general kad been actively going on in the draughting room, so that all was in readiness for the prompt cnd vigorous commencement of operations, which took place on the ground as soon as Congress had passed the said act of March 2, 18S: “February 1,184, Snead & Co. iron works, book shelves, $67,214; completed. June 1, Jas. H. McGill, plaster and hair (estimat- ed), $1,873; completed. July 2, Frank M. Lee, lime, per barrel. 48 cents; complted. November 9, Mather Electric Co., dynamos, $6,400; completed. November 20, Batterson, See & Eisele, marble work, $23,000; com- pleted. “January 9,1895, McNeil Bros., woodwork, $15,280; completed. January 26, Miles Pneu- matic Tube Co., pneumatic apparatus, $7,921; In force. January 29, Geo. Mann, red sandstone tiles, $8,181.50; completed February 9, Crook, Horner & Co., engines, $4,637; completed. February 16, Jackson & Conradson, dynamoters, $2,100; completed. February 27, Stokes & Parrish Elevator Co., elevators, $17,900; in force. Marc Wm. S. White, red granite tiles, $3,750: completed. April 3, Brandywine Granite Co., cut granite, $23,000; completed. y 8, Snead & Co. Iron Works, iron shelving, ete., $25,308: completed. April 15, Atlas Cement Co., Portland cement, per bbl., completed. June 12, D. 8. Hess & wood, marble and metal work, $6,600; completed. June 18, Yale & Towne Mfz. Co., bronze hardware, $3,106.25; completed. June 18, Pickel Marble and Granite Co., marble tiling, $14,290; completed. July 1, Vulcanite Tile and Mosaic Co., granito floors, per square foot, 26%4c.: completed. 3, Chamblin, Delaney & Scott, ircn- ted. July 8, J. L. Mott Iron Works, plumbing materials, $4,163: completed. July 12, J. A. Machado, e1ectric switches, etc., $2,952.91; completed. July 17, eral Electric Co., dynamo and engine, $1,447; completed. September 12, L. Cranford, asphalt driveway: 90: completed. September 26, North American Iron Works, ironwork, $3,825; completed. September 26, Harlan & Hollingsworth Co., weodwork, $11,609; completed. September 26, Davidson & Sons, marble work, $13,640: completed. September 26, Batterson & Eisele, marble tiling, $10,000: completed. September 26, Batterson & Eisele, marble and granito floors, $4,400; completed. Oc- 4 tober 1, Vulcanite Tile and Mosaic Co., mosaic floors, $3,210.40; completed. October 7, E. C. Gatchell, excavation, etc., per cubic yard, 2%%4c.; completed. October xn ES Cranford, granolithic work, $24,304; com- pleted. December 2, 24; completed. “April 10, 1896, J. L. Manning & Co., marble tiling, $5,400; completed. April 10, Vuleanite Tile and Mosaic Co., marbie.and granito floors, $4.006.94: completed. April 10, Thos. W. Smith, miscellaneous wcod- work, $1,496.42; completed. April 10, Hurt- er Bros., mosaic floors, $17,905: in force. April 15, Tawny I. & M. Co., lamp posts and lamps, $s, : In force. April 25, Siemens & Halske Electric Co., dynamos, $7,671. completed. April 27, Heinigke & Bourn, stained glass work, $14,647.42; com- pleted. April 2 Am. Iron Works, grilis and wire work, 30; completed. May ~ George Mills, book-carrier apparatus, $7 50; in force. June 17, Melville Lindsay, rubber stand pads, $1 completed. June 18, de Kosinko & Hilkmyhn M. Co., elec- tric light fixtures, $9,070; in force. June 18, Ven. Mar., Mosaic Art Co., mosaic vaulting, $10,535.75: completed. August 25, Miles Pneumatic Tube Co., book carriers, $11,000; in force. September 9, Vulcanite Tile & Mosaic Co., marble and mosaic floors, 32,320; completed. October 10, Miles Pneumatic Tube Co., pneumatic tubes, Chas. Werner, coal, 31,468; in force. October 19, V. Baldw! Johnson, coal, per ton, $4.55; in force. No- vember 10, ‘Bryan-Marsh’ Co., electric lamps, $1,617; in force. New Plans Used. “None of the plans, drawings or designs made prior to Gen. Casey’s charge of the work have been used, all being new and different. During the year 188) the re- mainder of the concrete foundations and the whole of the cellar story and area walls were constructed. In the next year the masonry of the entire basement, a con- siderable part of the first story, and the coal vaults and boiler house was built. In the third year, 1801, the masonry of the first story was nearly completed, and also much of that of the second story, especially the octagon and book stacks. “During the same year a large part of the heating apparatus, cast iron dvor and win- dow frames and ironwork of the book stacks was constructed. In 1892 the walls of the second story were well advanced, those of the courts nearly completed, and those of the octagon quite so, the granite chimney, the interior ironwork continued, and work on the heating apparatus essen- tially finished. The roofs of the three book stacks were also put on in that year. The deme was built in 1893, the masonry of the second story front walls nearly finished, and the roofs of the west and norch cur- tains partially constructed. The masonry of the building proper and the remainder of the roofs were completed in 1804 Ever since then the interior finish of the bu!ld- ing has been in steady progress. Most of the work of clearing the grounds, grading and putting them in order and constructing the dwarf walls, walks and approacies to the main entrance, was accomplished in the fall of 1895. Pictorial illustrations are con- tained in the several previous annual re- ports clearly indicating the progress of the general building operations from the he- ginning. The time consumed in the ma- sonry work was governed wholly by the ex- tensive quantity and fine quality of the granite work of the exterior walls, snd partially by the manvfacture of the en- ameled bricks required for the court walls. The chief materials used in the construc- tion of the building came from the follow- ing sources: The cut granite of all the ex- terior walls, excepting the approaches, in- clusive of the carving of.the large capitals, but exclusive of all other carving, is from Concord, N. H., through the New England granite works, J. G. Batterson of Hartford, Conn., president. - Granite Werk. “Of the court “valls the cut granite is from the vicinity af Woodstock, Md., through Gill & Johnson, succeeded by the Guilford & Waltersville Granite Company, while the enameled bricks are from the Farnley Iron Company, Leeds, Eng., through James H. McGill of. this city. “The cut granite of the upper front steps and platform, the area coping, boiler house and chimney, came chiefly from Hallowell, Maine, and that of the front approaches from Troy, N. H., the latter through: Nor- cross Brothers of Worcester, Mass. The store of the park walls and principal curbs 1s from Witmington, Del., by the Brandy- wine Granite Company.’ The greater part of the common bricks used in the body of the masonry were furnished by the Washington Brick Machine Company. The iron work of the dome, west center pa- vilion and curtain roofs, is by the Brown- i THE EVENING STAR, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1896-16 PAGES. Ketcham tron works of Indianapolis, Ind., and that of the book a by the stack King Iron Bridge Co’ ~The Phoenix Iron Company of Philadelphia, built the corner and east pavilion roofs. The latter company, John Cornell of New York, the New Jersey Steel and Iron Comp: of Trenton, N. J., and the Pencoyd, iron works of Philadelphia, furnished most of the girders and rolled beams used in the floors. The Snead & Co. tron. works of Louisville, Ky., manufactured and erected the iron and steel work of.the three book stacks and the shelving of the octagon al- coves. Nearly all of the cast fron door and ¥indow frames, casings and trimmings Were supplied by the Tacony Iron and Metal Company of Philadelphia. Terra coita is used in most of -the second story floors, the covering of the roofs and in both shells of the dome. This was supplied by the Potomac Terra Cotta Company of Washington, D. C., and the Empire Fire Procfing Compary of Pittsburg, Pa. “W. H. Mullins of Salem, Ohio, manu- factured the ornamental copper work of the deme, while the Ansonia Brass and Copper Company of New York city sup- plied the sheet copper used for covering the deme, book stacks, the west front, and that for the remainder of the building was furnished by James Clendenin of Baltl- more, Md. The iron furring and lathing Was supplied by the Expanded Metal Fire Proofing Company of Chicago, and the Snead & Co. iron works, Louisville, Ky. Marble Work. “Of the ccnstruction and wainscoting within the building, excluding floors, that of the octagon or main rotunda was fur- nished by Batterson, See & Eisele of New York; that of the main stair hall and north corridor of the basement by: the Evans Marble Company of Baltimore, Md.; that of the two west corridors of the first story by the Vermont Marble Company; that of the stair hail basement by the Davidson Sons Marble Company of New York; that ef all lavatories by Davidson & Sons of Chicago; that of the south and two west corridors in the basement and the vesti- bule in the southwest pavilion, first story, by Charles Hall & Co. of Boston, Mass.: and that of the east basement corridor by the Kennesaw Marble Company of Mariet- ta, Ga. Of the tile and mosaic floors the Pickel Marble and Granite Company of St. Louls, Mo., furnished the tiling of all the base. ment corridors, the corridors of the first and second stories of the east pavilion, the octagon gallery and the decks of the book stacks; Batterson & Eisele of New York the granite and tiling of the body of the octagon and first floors of the stair hall: the Vulcanite Tile and Mosaic Company of Philadelphia the mosaic fieors of the two west corridors, first story; the granito of the octagon basement and first story al- coves, the granito in attic floors, and the combined granito, tile and mosaic floor of the northeast pavilion, second story; Her- ier Brothers of New York, the mosaic floors of the main stair hail and northwest, southwesi snd southeast pavilions, second story: and J, F. Manning & Company of Washington, D. C., the tile floors of the two west curtains or museum halls, sec- ond story. Heinigke & Bourn of New York manufactured the ornamental ceiling lights and the inner windows of: the rotunaa. The mosaic ting in the first story of the main stair hall was put in place by the Venetian Marble Mosaic Art Company of Getroit, Mics. McNeil Brothérs of Boston, Mass., did the wood work of the two rooms of the first story south of the ir hall and D. S. Hess & Company of New York that of the librarian’s office. Most of the oak and mahogany doors were furnished by the Matthews Brothers Manufacturing Company of Milwaukee, W and most of the reading room wood work, in mahog- any, by the Harlan & Hollingsworth Com- I of Wilmington, Del. fost cf the masonry was laid with na- tural hydraulic cement of the Cumberland and Round Top brands manufactured in Maryland. The park walks and street side- walks, in granolithic. and the asphalt of the driveways was laid by H. L. Cranford of Washington, The boilers, tanks and wa- ter heaters were manufactured by Thos. C. Basshor & Company of Baltimore, M the cast iron pipe and heating coils by Bartlett, Hayward & Company of the seme city, and the valves and fittings of the heating and power apparatus by the Crane Cempany of Chicago. “The other formal contracts not above mentioned have been tabulated in the pre- vious annual reports. ‘There were 196 such contracts in all, not including ten made by the commission, but terminated when Gen. Casey took charge of the work. Built for the Futare. “Throuznout the construction of the building nearly all of the materials and a very considerable part of the labor were obtained by contract through public ad- vertisement, but such of the work as it was impracticable to procure in that way of the requisite quality was done by directly hired labor. All parts of the building bave heen arranged and constructed for the immedi- ate accommodation of the library and the growth of its accummulations and func- tions for many yeurs to come. All iloors and supports are amply strong, as indicat- ed on the record plans, and all of the walls and foundations are of the most substantial character. The spaces are generally whole and undivided, but capable of being parti- tioned, more or less, for either permanent or temporary purposes, and the curtain rooms oi the rorth, east and south fronts are especially constructed for the extension into them, at any time, of the book shelv- ing on the stack alcove or any other plan. All parts of the basement story are also capable cf receiving shelving, cases and library material of all kinds. i “The book shelving now in the building Is confined to the three regular stacks and the two tiers of alcoves in the rotunda. It amounts to 231,68) running feet, or about forty-four miles, which wlil accommodate 2,085,120 volumes of books, reckoning nine to the foot. The capacity of the additional shelving which may be placed in the first and second stories of the curtains of the northeast and south fronts is about 2,- 00,000 volumes, and the ultimate capacity of the bullding for books, .without en- croaching on the pavilions, reading rooms, museum halls or other parts of the west front, or any part of the basement story or celler, is therefore upward of 4,500,000 volumes, or somewhat less than one hun- dred miles of shelving. 3 Execution of the Work. “In the execution of this work Gen. Casey had the entire responsible charge under Congress from October 2, 1888, until his death, on Merch 25, 1896, and he also dis- bursed the funds during that period. He held general supervision, gave general di- rection to all principal proceedings and maintained an intimate knowledge of the work at all times, while performing the du- tles of his more absorbing and important office of chief of engineers of the army at the War Department, to which he suc- ceeded a few months before he was placed in charge of this building by Congress. Prior to this date, as superintendent and engineer under the commission in the sum- mer of 1883, I laid the first half of the foundation on the old plan above referred to. Gen. Casey at once placed me in entire charge of the office, and of the design and construction of the building under his di- rection, with the title of superintendent and engineer, in which position I continued until his death, when I succeeded to his duties and powers in full. “To aid in designing the artistic features of the architecture, that is, exclusive of ar- rangement, construction, utility, apparatus and the management of the business, Mr. Paul J. Pelz was employed under the im- mediate direction of Gen. Casey and my- self. As partner with Mr. Smithmeyer in the production of the original general plan and design, with which he was supposed to have been very largely concerned, Mr. Pelz was presumably well qualified for the service desired of him. In this way the de- sign of the building as it now appears in the main in the exterior and court, walls, the dome, the approaches to the west front. and the boiler hovse and chimney, was worked up. Mr. Pelz designed also the principal lines of the interior of the dome, includir.g the marble work of the rotunda, but exclusive of the entablatures, etc., the stair hall exclusive of the upper arcade, cove and skylight, the main lines of the two west corridors on the first floor, some of the fron door and window frames, and the corridors and west stair hall in the basement story> The carved enrichments of the stair hall and rotunda marble work were, however, made subsequently by oth- ers. In the spring of 1892 Mr. Pelz’s con- nection with the work ceased. At that time the: building had reached but little more than one-half its height. Designs of Various Details. “In the fall of that year Mr. Edward Pearce Casey of New York city vas em- ployed as architect anu also as adviser and supervisor in matters of art, in which capacity he has continued busily to the present time. His designs include all of the most important interior architecture and enrichment, exclusive of the main lines of the marble work above-mentioned. “For the designs of the heating, ventilat- | intellectual advancement, | Progress, ing and electric, 5 tus the expert serv- ices of Charles W, Newton, heating and ventilating engineer, and Dr. Cary T. Hutchinson, engineer, were em- ployed under my, direction, the former fur- nished by Hayward & Co. of Bal- More and the 1x! by Sprague, Duncan & Hutchinson of York. “The book eleove shelving of the rotunda or:;p! room, the system of peur a. apparatus in the ;reading room, and all parts of the copatruction of the building were designed by gnyself. The special me- chanical Lard a IK aoe fana come bined pneuma: ube fystem between the reading room desk and the book stacks },@lg0 to the Capitol, by way of a tunnel constructed for the pur- pose, have devised and worked out with me by the Miles Pneumatic Tube Com- pany of Boston. Sculpture and Mural Paintings. “To fully and consistently carry out the monumental design and purpose of the building certain ‘special sculpture and mural painting were necessary as a part ‘of the architectuarl composition, and these have been furnished by the following ar- tists, all of whom are citizens of the United States, namely: “Sculptors—Herbert Adams, Paul W.Bart- lett, Theodore Baur, George Bissell, John J. Boyle, Charles E. Dallin, John Donogh:1e, Daniel C. French, John Flanagan, Augus- tus St. Gaudens, Louis St. Gaudens, J. Scott Hartley, Frederick MacMonnies, Philip Martiny, Charles H. Nethaus, R. Hinton Perry, Edward G. Potter, Bela L. Pratt, F. W. Ruckstuhl: # Q. A. Ward, Olin L. Warner, Albert Weinert. ‘Painters—Johno.W. Alexander, G. R. Barse, Frank W. Benson, Edwin H. Blash- fleld, Kenyon Cox, Frederick Dielmaa, Robert L: Dodge, William L. Dodge, Carl Gutherz, Walter McEwen, George W. May- nard, Gari Melchers, Charles Sprague Pearce, Robert Reid, Herman Schlader- mundt, Walter Shirlaw, Edward Simmons, W. B. Van Ingen, Elihu Vedder, Henry iver Walker. Ointhe works of these several artists are the following: Of the eight emblematical figures on the main piers of the rotunda, Science is by Donoghue, Law by Bartlett, Poetry by Ward (not yet delivered), Phil- osophy by Pratt, Art by A. St. Gaudens, executed by Dozzl; History by French, Commerce by Flanagan and Religion by Baur. “Of the sixteen bronze statues for the gal- lery of the rotunda, Newton is by Dallin, Henry by Adams, Solon by Ruckstuhl, Kent by Bissell, Homer by L, St. Gaudens. Shakespeare by MacMonnies, Plato and Bacon by Boyle, Beethoven by Baur, Mi- chael Angelo and Columbus by Bartlett, Herodotus by French, Gibbon and Moses by Niehaus, Fulton by Potter, and St. Paul by Donoghue. Modesty of Details, “The clock piece for the rotunda Is deing made by Flanagan, and the principal fig- ures in the entablature and pendentives are by Martiny. “In the stair hall the pair of marble span- Greis representing Students, and the north and south pairs of the main entrance doors in bronze are by Warner. His death oc- curring in August, 1896, the modeling for the south pair of doors is being completed by Adams. The subject of the north pair of doors is Tradition and of the south pair Writing. MacMonaies has made the middle pair of bronze main entrance docrs, repre- senting Printing, and will probably put them in place early in January. The mod- eling of the other,marble sculptures in the central part of fhe stair hall below the colonnadc, and also the two bronze lamp- bearers on the newel posts, and the corner groups in the cove of the skylight, are by Martiny. i> “The console figures in the vestibule are by Adams. Perry‘is the sculptor of the four stucco panels, representing Sibyls, in the west ends of the second story vaulting of the stair hall, a1 of the fountain in the west approaches to the building. ‘The three oak Hoor heads in the repre sentatives’ reading room are by Niehau: and the oak door head and marble mante! panel-in the Senators’ reading room are by Adams, after, the designs In both cases of Mr. Casey, th} drénitect. s Pratt futnished the large medailions rep- resenting ‘The Seasons in the four corner pavilions, second stgry, and also the modcis for the three pairs of granite spandrels in the main entrance porch, representing, re- spectively “Lite riche, Scfence and Art. The Granite Busts, “Of the nine gramite portrait busts in circular openings of the west central pa- vilion, Hartley. modeled those of Irving, Emerson and Hawthorne; Adams those of Demostheres, Dante and Scutt, and Ruck- stuhl those-‘of Goethe, Macaulay and Frarklin. . “All of the stucco sculpture and ornamen- tal work, excepting the few special pieces above referred to, was made and put in place at the building by workmen em- ployed by the United States, and the mod- eling thereof was executed under the direc- tion and designs of Mr. Casey by Weinert and hi: lants. ‘All of the granite and marble carving, with the excepticns noted below, was done at the building in a similar manner, in which Wiitiam Boyd and J. Johnston were employed as foremen. The two marble groups representing the eastern and west- ern heraispheres and the Warner span- drels in the stair hall were carved in New Yerk; and, as befcre stated, the larger grerite capitals on the exterior of the building by the grenite contractor. Work of the Painters. “Of the painters, Blashfield painted the collar around the eye of the main dome and crown of the lantern, the former rep- resenting the races of people or epochs which have most contributed to the world’s and the latter, or the human understanding looking upward. W. L. Dodge furnished the five paintings in the northwest pavilion, secord story, representing, respectively, Music, Art, Literature, Science and Amb!- tion; Melchers the two paintings, Arts of War and Arts of Peace, respectively, in the adjoining hall, west front; Cox, the two paintings, Science and Art, in the corre- Spending hail south of the stair hall; May- nard, the five pictures in the southwest pavilion, second stcry, and also the eight floatitg figures representing virtues in the stair hall wall panels; Vedder, the mosaic panel cf Minerva, not yet delivered, for the mezzanine of the stair hall, and the five paintings, representing Government, at the entrance to the rotunda, first story; Dielman, the two mosaic panels for the mantels of the Representatives’ reading room; Simmons, the pictures of the Muses and tKe pendentive and cameo pieces in the domes of the west corridor, first.story. north of the stair hall; McEwen, the pii tures of Greek Herces and the pendenti ard dome cameos in the corresponding scuth corridcr; Gutherz, the seven middle ceiling panels, representing the Spectrum of Light. In the stair hall, first story, Walker is painting the eight tympanums for the south section, representing Lyric Poetry; Alexander has furnished the six in the easterly section, representing the Evolution poe the’ Bcok, and Pearce, the seven in the north section, repr the Faas presenting “The paintings by Shirlaw are the cight figures at the spririging of the west vault, representing Sciences, in the second story of the stair hall; iijose of Barse the similar eight figures in) ihe east vault, repesen| ing Literature; thoge of Reld the five cer ter pieces, representing the Senses, in the crown of the northerly vault and the four circular wall panels below. Benson is painting the thee. center pieces in the crown of the southerly vault, representing the Graces, and the. four circular panels on the wall below, representing the Seasons. “The four wall)panels of the northeast pavilion were painted by Van Ingen, and those of the southeast pavilion by R. L. Dodge, while Schladermundt worked up and colored the full-sjze.cartoons of the mosaic vaults and ornamental glass work designed by Mr. Casey, the, architect. Van Ingen also painted the two lunettes at the second story landings of.the stair hall elevators. General Decoration, “Exclusive of the special works above enumerated, the decorative painting of the building has been done by a force of work- men, under the direction of Elmer E. Garn- sey, who designed the main color scheme throughout and executed it under the gen- eral direction and, of the architect, Mr. Casey, This includes all rooms and halls containing the works of the artists above named. Mr, Garnsey had the asstst- ance of E. J. Holsfag, as foreman, who also painted the five-‘figure panels in the li- brarian’s office; W.-A. Mackey, who paint- ed the celling payels in the Senate read- ing room, and F.C. Martin, who painted the twenty-eight figures in the cove of the stair hall and the’thirty-two figures in the pendentives of the south vault of the same. All of the’persons above’ enumerated are American citizeris, and the building throughout is & product of American talent and skill in architecture and art, and prac- tically so in workmanship. The quality of the its materials and-workmanship {s of the highest and most permanent order, as be- comes its mcnumental design and purpose. Only those of experience in such construc- tion may, after minute inspection of the ‘work and examination of the records of its Progress, realize this fact or the quantity and. variety of materials and the muiti- farious details constantly involved from the beginning to the end of the work. Records of the Work. “All records and drawings of the work, the latter numbering some fourteen hun- dred, besides about nine hundred glass neg- atives of progress photographs, are in or- der and carefully preserved, ready to be transferred to the future custodian of the building, or otherwise disposed of, as Con- gress may direct. A set of twenty-two special record sheets has been prepared and sets of photographic duplicates made from them for the use of the care takers of the building and its grounds, showing the location and nature of all hidden flues, ducts, pipes and other apparatus. “But one life has been lost by accident on the work during the construction of the building, that of Walter Acton, a young man in the employ of a contractor, who fell through the hoist way in the scaffold under the stair hall skylight, on Septem- ber 13, 1895. Efficient Tollers. : “Among the many workmen and foremen whose efficiency and fidelity to duty have contributed Indispensably to the success of the work from the beginning are Frederick R. Freas, master mechanic in charge of all workmen; David Crowley, master rigger, on whom depended the safe and expedi- tious moving and hosting of material: Charles B. ‘Titlow, foreman of heating and plumbing work, and Hugh Pattison, fore- man of electric work. “Edward Sutherland, as chief clerk, who has kept and supervised all of the general and money accounts, and Ewald Schmitt and Howard Sill among the draughtsmen, the former in iron and steel construction, and the latter in general architectural work, are entitled to special mention for faithful and valuable assistance. “This office thankfully acknowledges the courtesy of Col. John M. Wilson, in charge of the office of public buildings and grounds, and his assistant, the public gar- dener, Geo. H. Brown, in directing the se- jection, arrangement and planting of the shrubbery in the grounds. “The multitude of delicate and beautiful ornamental detalls, both within and with- out the building and its grounds, liable to injury by thoughtless persons, impel me to respectfully repeat the made by General Casey in the last annual report, that some provision of law be en- acted at the present session of Congress to protect the work from defacement and ir- reparable injury. Very respectfully, “BERNARD R. GREED —_.—__ A MAGIC TOWER. in charge.” Marvelous Structure Proposed for ¢ Paris Exposition of 1900. From the New York Herald. The Herald has, from time to time, told of the development of startling ideas, some of which have already been accepted, for making the Paris exposition of 1%) the mest marvelous aggregation of scientific wonders the world has ever seen. All France is mad on the subject, and many of the propositions outdo the wildest imagin- ings of the wonder-tellers of the “Arabian The very latest is a revoiving palace of tremendous height, which, if built, will doubtless rival the Eiffel tower, theeFerris wheel, and all other mechanical wonders that have gone before, for beside being the inost marvelous structure in the worl! from a mechanical point of view, it is also wlesigned to exaidit the highest and latest development of electrical’ science. Alad- din’s palace never approached this concep- tion the revolving tower is to be, of course, of steel. It will reach a height of 115 meters, or 362 feet. As planned, the revolving tower will be divided transversely into four grand divis- ‘crs. The two lower will have five floors each, the third six floors and the fourth eight flcors. All, with the exception of the five upper galleries, will be open to the public, each with a gorgeous, almost mag- ical display cf the grandest and most strik- ing; accomplishments of electrical science apolied to pleasure. The great feature, howeve’. will be the revolution of the whole fairy-like structure. It 4s to be pivoted upon a central column and driven slowly round and round by an erormous hydraulic engine. The vi therefore, when wearied with the ¢° scénes within, has only to seat himself on the balconies and enjoy the lovely pano- rama of the exposition, the city and the surrounding country. The plan is to slowly rotate the building once every hour, bring- ing every portion of the lovely panoramic view successively before the eyes of the ob- server. Beside the electrical wonders in profusion in every corner of this magical tower, there will be restaurants, cafes, dancing’ pavil- iors, theaters, concert halls and shows of every description. It is planned that the visitor will be able to find therein means to giatify every human -lesire for rational and permissible pleasure The whele will be placed in a marvelous setting. All the columns, capitals, statues and ornaments of every description are to be of colored giass, the various pieces held together by a delicate iron framework. This will make a surprisingly beautiful setting by day, while at night the effect will be dazzling beyond description, as_ electric lights hidden in profusion behind the color- ed glass adorrments and even cluster>d within the translucent pillars will trans- form the scene into one of startling bril- Hance. So much for the palace of science ond pleasure to the visitor w.thin it. But that is not half of its utility as a practical won- der. It will be a source of unending sensa. tion to the whole exposition, and to a large reighboring part of Paris as well. Its vast and fantastic proportions will divide honors with the E_ffel tower by day, while at night it will be a thing of startling ana wide- spread beauty. This is to be brought about by a colossal system of electric lighting in colors. The entire building, in all its fantastic outlines, will be set against the dark sky in lines of fire. Innumerable incandescent lamps will be required for the display, and two thous- and are lamps of great power will be used to accentuate the points and corners of the fiery construction. At the striking of the hour, by a chime of sixty-four bells, accompanied by a huge steam organ, a procession of titanic figures will move from a door in the clock tower and encircle the aerial balcony. The fig- ures will allegorically represent Ballooning, Steam, Railways, Telegrapny and Photog- raphy. At night tacy will be rendered magnificent by electric illumination. And high above all, on the extreme sum- mit of the building, a cock will crow at eech hour. And such a bird! He is to be sixteen feet high, and all the colors of the rainbow. He will clap his wings wildly as he screams his sbrill joy in’tones of steam that can be heard for miles, and at night he will glow like a creature of fairylaad with the brilliance of 1,200 incandescent lamps. It is the general opinion in Paris that this building will be chosen as the crowning wonder of the exposition of 1900. Maay other suggestions far more startling have been made, but none that combines such practical features with probabilities of so great a financial return and popularity so enduring. ering se Whom the Queen Has Outlived. From the London Public Opinion. 1, All members of the privy council who were alive in 1837. 2. All the peers who held their titles in 1887, except the Earl of Darnley, who was ten, and Earl Nelson, who was fourteen in that year. 8. All the members who sat in the house of commons on her accession to the throne except Mr. Gladstone, Charles Villiers, the present Duke of Northumberland, the Earl of Mexborough and the Earl of Mansfield and John Temple Leader. * 4. Her majesty has seen eleven lord chan- cellors, ten prime ministers, six speakers of the house of commons, at least three bishops of every see and five or six of many sees, five archbishops of Canterbury and six archbishops of York and five com- manders-in-chief. 5. She has seen five dukes of Norfolk suc- ceed each other as earls, marshal, and has outlived every duke and duchess and ev marquis and marchioness who bore that rank in 1837. 6. She has outlived every member of the Jockey Ciub and every master of foxhounds that flourished in 1837. 7. She has seen seventeen Presidents of the United States, ten viceroys of Canada, fifteen viceroys of India, and France suc- cesSively ruled by one king, one emperor 1 and six presidents of a republic. recommendation, | 13 CENTRAL RELIEF COMMITTEE First Meeting of the Newly Appointed Or- ste Committees Appointed to Consider Relief for the Poor. The central relief committee, the mem- bers of which were named by the Com- missioners. last week, held its first meet- ing at the rooms of the board of trade yes- terday afternoon. Considerable business was transacted, in addition to the election of Officers, and the work of the committee was fairiy started for the winter. The sug- gestion of the Commissioners that the Scope of the committee be enlarged so as to take in the general subject of the ameliora- tion of the condition of the city’s poor, be- sides affording immediate relief to the cold and hungry, met with favorable considera- tion at the hands of the committee, and provision was made for the appointment of @ subcommittee to take the matter in hand. The members of the committee present at the meeting yesterday were Mr. Simon Wolf, Rev. W. E. Parsens, Mr. C. B. Church, Mr. J. W. Somerviile, Surgeon General George H. Sternberg, U.'S. A.; Col. John Tracey, superintendent of charities: Mr. J. E. Fitch, Mr. H. F. Blount, Rev. H. T. Stevenson, Dr. L. W. Ritchie, Rev. Charles Alvin Smith, Mrs. J. W. Babson, Mrs. H. B. F. Macfarland, Berlah Wilkins, Mrs. F. B. McGutre, Mr. W. Redin Wood- ward, Mr. A. T. Britton, Mr. George 8. Wil- son, agent of the Associated Charities; Rev. Dr. Radcliffe and Mr. John F. Cook. Dr. Wallace Radcliffe acted as temporary chairman. A permanent organization was completed by the election of Justice Cole as chairman, Mr. Beriah Wilkins treas- urer, and Mr. George S. Wilson secretary. | It was explained that the general object of the committee was to collect’ money, clothing, food and fuel for the relief of want among the suffering poor during the severe weather which may naturally be ex- pected during the winter season. The recommendation of the Commission- ers that the committee take up the subject of providing cheap but comfortable and sanitary homes for the poor of the District Was favorably acted upon at the meeting. Surgeon General Sternberg moved that a subcommittee of five be appointed to eon- sider the matter and report plans to the whole committee. The motion was carried, with the under- standing that the committee is to ve ap- pointed by Justice Cole, and is to co-oper- ate, as far as possible, with the committee on charities of the board of trade. Mr. Simon Wolf offered a motion, which Was .adopted, providing that a committee of tive be appointed to prepare a list of the duties of the various subcommittees, such report to be submitted to the full commit- tee at its next meeting. The chairman ap- pointed as the committee Mr. Simon Wolf, Mr. John F. Cook, Mrs. J. W. Babson, Mrs. Harriet B. Loring and Mr. Theodore W. Noyes. On motion of Mr. J. W. Somerville, a committee of five was appointed to suggest at the next meeting of the commitice a plan for raising funds. ‘The following were appointed: Mr. J. W. Somerville, Mrs. H. Bo Fisetariand, Mir. Lawrence Gardner, a eodore Noyes THs yes and Mr. George S. The next meeting of the central relief committee will be held at the call of the chairman. —_—— AIR MOTORS IN NEW YORK. A New Locomot to Be Tried on the Sixth Avenue Road. From the New York Journal. A locomotive witkout any smokestack will be experimentally working on the el-- vated railroad within a few wecks, and drawing a train of five cars between the Battery and 58th street on the Gth avenue line. It will be of exactly the same length as the present locomotive, on account of the requirements of the line regarding stopping exactly at innumerable .rack sig- nals. It will also be of the same weight. But there will be no steam and no dust <nd no smoke, for the motive power will be compressed air alone. The builders cl: OF GRANITE AND BRONZE Handsome Monument to the Memory of Jef- ferson Davis. To Be Erected in Monroe Park Ri mond—Some Uncertainty as to Plans. A movement has recently been inaugurat- ed among prominent confederates looking to the erection at Richmond of a hand- some monument in honor of Jefferson Davis, whose last resting place has never been properly marked. At the recent meet- ing of the Grand Camp of Confederate Veterans of the United States a plan was selected and a fund started. The plan de- cided upon, however, will cost far more than is likely to be raised. The monument is to be placed in Monroe Park, Richmond, which is a small reservation, much too small to accommodate it, and again only $17,000 has been raised toward building it. Ex-confederates generally are opposed to the plan selected, which, they say, is toc expensive and not as artistic and suitable as some of-the other plans suggested. It seems certain that it will not be built ac- cording to the accepted design, though no definite action can be taken in the matter until the meeting of the next general con- vention. At a recent meeting of confeder- ate veterans held in Winchester, Va., the selected plan war denounced as impracti- cable, and the design of Mr. Edgerton S. Rogers, a young architect of Richmond, Va., was unanimously indorsed. This de- sign seems to be the choice of the camps from other southern states. Many prominent confederate veterans say that the monument will certainly be erect- ed in the near future, and that it will be after the design furnished by Mr. Rogers, which was awarded second prize in the contest before the general convention. The general style of the design is the HOW THEY SUCCEEDED. ‘The Experience of Others Should Be a Valuable Thing for Us. How meray prople we meet these days who com- Plain of tired, worn-out feelings and seem to be very much “‘upder the weather.” There seems to be an epidemic of it-bealth, and an unnsually large number of people are fecling and looking weak ani sickly. But there is fortunately a way to over- come these miserable feelings and regain lost hesith and strength. Thousands of people have dis- covered this way, and many of them are giving otbers the benefit of their experience. Here is an interesting cpinton on the subject: Mr. E. B. Tonle of 432 De Kalb avenue, Brook- lyn, says the spring and summer I was for- metly a constant sufferer from weakness and nervy ous debility. I tried many remedies, but obtained no relief unth I began takirg Duffy's Pure Malt Whiskey. Since I ccmmeuced using it my friends Gre astorished «* my improved appearance.”” ‘The above opinion has been selected from thou sands of others, all testifying to the same effect It proves beyord any question that for building wp the system and imparting new life to weak, weary people, Duffy's Pure Malt Whiskey is simply un equaled. It purifies the blood, quickens the circu lation, promotes digestion, cures constipation and gives nev" life to every part of the body. AN gro: cers and druggists keep Duffy's Pure Malt, but in purchasiug, care should be taken to guard against inferior that it will also be economical and entirely noiseless. The locomotive has three low wheels on each side. and over the front wheels the boiler oddly projects, On the front of the boiler is a headlight, and behind it is a little dome. The cab is hig cabs at.present used, as the cy! under them, instead of being, as they mipey are, at the front of the locomo. tive. Compressed air is applied to the cylinders in the same manner as steam, and the en- | tire working is not unlike che working ot a steam locomotive. The American Air Power Company ere bullding the locomotive, and th: confident of its success and of the of the system by the elevated officials that they are constructing @ power house at No 100 Greenwich street, for the running of this one locomotive alone. The compressed air will be taken, by a three-inch pipe, to the Rector street station, and there the locomotive cylinders will be filled. If the compressed air is adopied for the entire system there wiil either be a num- ber of power houses, or one central power house, with pipe Mne connections to vari- ous points. The experimental mo'or :s now under construction at Rome, N. Y., and will shortly be shipped to this city. The same company is operating motor cars in vari- ous places by this system, the most notic able experiment being on 125th street this city, but they have not as yet tried a locomotive for the drawing of several cal After the locomotive has be2n connected by a single flexible pipe connection, It 1s charged from the storage house till the pressure reaches the desired limit. It is estimated that it will require a minute and a half for each loading of the locomoilve’s cylinders. The cylinders have a capacity | of 2% cubic feet, which is sufficient to run | the car fifteen miles. | At the power house the air is furnished at a pressure of 2.50) pounds, hut by an in- | genious arrangement the pressuce at which the power is used fs kept at apout 1: | pounds. The pipes used in the iocomotiv are of a special quality of steel, of extra strength, and can stand a pressure of pounds. in The accelerator is a point upon which great stress is laid. This is a reducing valve, by operation of which the car can be started very rapidly, and ailow t engineer to almost instantly xet up a good rate of speed from a state of rest. It at the same time maintains a aniform working pressure. The air brake is also a feature. piston and rod are cast in one, and the area of the rod is more than half that of the cylindet. By moving the brake han‘lie quickly to position any degree of braking effect is almost instantly obtained. | From Judge. Mr. Frost—“I must turn you away: T have no work for you.” Rugged Stron: yer, sir; bless |, although somewhat freely treat- e materials for the monument ara bronze-gilded copper and natu It is square in form, with round copper. corners to the substructure. Details of the Plan, The four facades are in all partic alike except so far as the statues wita which they are to be surmounted. On east side the monument Is approached by fligh:s of semi-circular steps leading to a spa- cious platform. Four fights of steps lead up from this platform to a wide landing from which other steps lead to an espis- nade, in order that the best points may" given for the inspection of the statues. From this explanade steps lead to the main esplanade twenty-two feet from the ground, where stands the siatue of Davis. Above this is a canopy of granite arches joined by a grained root over which rises high in the air the gilded dome of copper, the toy of which will be 112 feet from the ground. Under the dome in the ceiling of th+ canopy is blazoned in mosaics the conted- erate battle flag with golden stars. The figure of Davis under the canopy is a portrait statue of colossal size, standing upon a simple pedestal of granite. The cight single female figures at the corners of the main superstructure represent eight of the southern states. The four other statues on the first esplanade represent other seceding states, while at the foot of the pedesial on which stands the statue ‘of Mr. Davis sits Virginia. MORIAL. At the head of the first flight of stairs in front of the monument ts to be placed in @ panel a bas relief containing the coat of arms of Maryland and commemorative of the distinguished service of her sons. The sculptures on the spandrels of the arches are palms. In the pediments of the four great arches supporting the dome are sculptured shields, supported by fig- ures representative of valor and fortitude. The shield in the front pediment is that of the confederate states and the other three bear the arms of the three states in which the war was mainly carried on. The shields on the pilasters of th canopy will bear representations of eight of (he principal products of the south. Arran ments are also made for lighting the in- terior of the canopy with electric lights, so that at night the figures will be brought into prominence.