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THE EVENING STAR, -MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1896-TWELVE PAGES. SCHOOL HAS BEGUN District Children Assemble Today to Begin Work. INCREASE IN THE ATTENDANCE ing Talk With Super- intendent Powell. An Interes' HALF-DAY SESSIONS The public school year of 1596-07 began this morning, and from all parts of the District children were to be seen heading toward the buildings where they are to put Jn the!r allotted hours of work five days in the week until the middle of next June. It seemed as though the advent’ of fall was coincident with the beginning of the ®chool year, and the young people found the temperature of the school rooms far more pl ant than they would have done had the scholastle year started a week earlier. With rosy cheeks and bright, sparkting eyes, fresh from a long and well- earned yacation, upward of forty thousand vhildren have already reported for work, with clear minds in healthy bodies, ready to take up the thread of their education where it was broken off some three months ago. All the evidence goes to show that In pe of attendance the present year will ihe most successful in the history of the Increase in Atten For a number of years past the attend- has grown at the rate of about 2 per ance, an cent, and has gone as high as S per cent. Figuring on this fact, and on the number of pupils who have already signified their mated that the on t y tending this yea total number r, it is esti- the night s. Is will i ability carry the number up to rule, but little was accompl id receiving and enroiling the pu- were transferred from the lower Pupils who are ad shed to- who almost as if th as the case in those capacity had prac hy been the numbers promoted from lower grades, and where, as a result, admission by card tomorrow could not ap- preciably alter the situation. ehovis where t that lots of oon than The growth in the atten. lic schoo!s seems to be p uted all along the iine, so that the high schools are expected to share in the in- crease in about the same propoction as the lower grades. Last yeai ihere were about 2.2% white pupils “in ihe various high schools of the District, and the chanczs are hat Were will be in tie neighbornoed wv, or more, inis year. More Half-Day Schools. The school year opens with better pro- ‘ance in the pub- well distrib- vision for the accommodation of pupils than ever before. There are more bulld- ings re for use and fewer basement and garret rooms used for school pur- poses, and yet the fact remains that this year will see a regrettable increase in the number of haif-day schools. This especially true in the northeast sec- tion of the city, where in a number of cases the pupils even in the third and fourth grades will be cut down to one ession a day. This seems remarkable, especially In view of the fact that pro- portionately more bee other. ber of oped new buildings have erected in that section than in any Even so, the increase in the num- applicants for admission has out- the increase in the accommoda- he suburban r off than matter of sections find themseives they ever were before in choois. With the exceptioa nning they are all about as well pro- ed for a: ne center of the city, and in the matter of manual training and cook- ing schools they are not at all behind the city proper. Heretofore the scholars from the suburbs have been compelled to make a weekly pilgrimage to the city for a les- son in manual training or cookery, but this has now been practically done away wit Th number of rented buildings used for school purpeses in various parts of the city has been materially reduced. Although there are very explicit rules to the effect that all pupils must report n the openit = day of school by no means In cases where the parents summer vacations into Oc- hildren are, of course, prevented & up on time. Then, too, the Congress rings an 0 the publ Provision made for all cessary to refuse ere is no room. Ever: taken care of in seme way, m will have to be placed in where ihe teachers already have as many pupils as they can properly attend to. is is a improvement over the conditions in of the larger cities this year. From New York and other cities come steries of hundreds and thou- nds of children who cannot possibly be accommodated in the public schools. = What Superin In conversation ndent Pewell Says. ith a Star reporter to- juperintendent Powell said: I sincerely trust The Star will keep up its good fight against the system of half- day scnools. That we are compelled to kave them at all is really the fault of no ne in particular. It simply means that ess has failed to make suitable pro- in the number of istrict. To be p Congress has done pretty fectly honest, well In the matter, but the improvement in affairs tions s really more in the suburban sec- an it is in the heart of the city. The ase in the accommodations has more than kept pace with the increase In the number of pupils during the years that I have been superintendent of schools; but even at the present r. be many years before the one over! the other. 1 presume the only real solution of the approp' will ation for the public schools which suilice to provide ample accommoda- for every child who desires to attend. day school is reaily a farce. ad n for the youngest not a nt amount of time to devote to study. They have not the op- rtunity with s adopted t what the h methods as must be stem to fully digest it is altogether too it’ or ‘memoriter’ ert that constitutes ere the pupil gets In arns how to make I hope that the habit of study and the best of his opportunitie the time is not far distent when half-day school 1 be done away with altogether. \_ Cookery and Manual Training. “Perhaps the most noticeable feature of our school system is the attention which is now given to cookery and manual train- ing. Starting some years ago with but one teacher the success which has attended this branch of our work has been so mark- ed that now every section of the District is weli provided for. It has formerly been necessary for students in the outlying sec- tions to come into the city once a week to pursue these branches of study. For some this was a good dea! of a hardship, while for others it was altogether too much of a lark. A great improvement will be no- ticed this year in this matter, and I am confident that these courses will be more successful and productive of better results than ever before. Suring the past ten or a dozen years the annual increase in the number of public school children has been surprisingly regu- lar. Even during the hard times of the past two or three years there has been no let-up. If any people have moved away from the city or have been compelled for financial reasons to put their children to work as soon as possible, instead of send- ing them to school, this has been more than compensated for. I have been told that the number of students at many of the large colleges of the country has been increased rather than diminished as a result of the hard times. The theory is that when busi- ness is dull parents find difficulty in plac- ing their sons in suitable and promising po- sitions, and, thinking that things may im- prove in the course of time, decide to: send their sons to coilege, where otherwise they would probably have been put to work in- stead. This is an interesting theory, and I am not at all sure that it is not well founded. The same state of affairs seems to me to hold with reference to our public schools. To my mind this is one of the most promising features of the times. It is a good thing for the public welfare, if the people, when not absolutely compelled to go to work, take advantage of the. educa- tional opportunities presented to them.” Several New Butfidings. Several new buildings have been com- pleted during the year and will be open to receive pupils for the first time today. The new structures include the Greenleaf build- ing, on 4% street, between M and N streets, and a four-rvom building at Woodburn to take the place of the old Soldiers’ Home School. There is also a new four-room building at Gtesboro’, while four-room addi- tions have been made to the schools already erected at Tenleytown, Brightwood and Lrookland. All new pupils are required to secure tick- €ts of admission at the offices of the super- vising principals before they can be en- rolled by the grade teachers. These tickets are only issued for the grades below the High School, admission to the four high schools being made only by transfer from the lower grades and by examination of pupils from schools other than public. ——___ THACHER DECLARES HIMSELF. Opposed to the Chicago Platform, but Wil Support Bryan. By making an official statement late last night of his position upon the financial question, and by declaring in that state- ment that he is unalterably for gold, John Boyd Thacher, democratic nominee for gov- ernor of New York, creates one of the most curious situations ever known in politics in that state. The statement was issued after a long conference with Senator Hill, Elliot G. Danforth, who was at Senator Hill's house near Albany, and D. Cady Her- rick, the democratic leader in the county. It was addressed to the chairman of the state committee. it is claimed that this course is approved by Senator Hill, Wm. Sheehan and oth- ers not in attendance at the state conven- tion, and is intended to try and fend oft nomination of a second democratic 1t Brooklyn, and enforce a fight at upon state i aving the na- tional ticket entirely out of the question. Mr. Thacher declares that he is against free silver, but will vote for Bryan and Sewall for regularity, and fight the cam- paign on state issues only. ‘The letter says: “I am informed that the vcratic party of the state in con- vention assembled at Buffalo on September 17, 1896, did me the honor of naming me as its candidate for the high office of gov- ernor. I now learn that the state commit- tee is to meet on Tuesday for the pur- pose of appointing a committee to officially notify me of that fact. It has seemed to me cue tosyour committee that before it takes that step I should make a statement. Declares His Position. “I cannot ask for the confidence and support of the people of the state without frankly declaring my position upon the financial issue now agitating the public. I stand today where I stood tn the month of June in the presence of a convention of the state democracy. I have not changed an iota in my belief nor deviated a step in my course. The commercial honor of this country is pledged to the world, and the world knows that the nation will maintain its honor. “I took part in the state convention which sent delegates to represent the party in national convention at Chicago. Those delegates, by participation, acquiesced in the action of the national convention by presenting candidates for the offices of President and Vice President of the United States. The state convention of the demo- cratic party has ratified the nomination of those candidates. “I have learned from the fathers, and, in turn, have endeavored to teach, that the democratic party is a vehicle to carry the will of the people into effect. Such a vehicle is constructed with difficulty, but is easily destroyed. Failure now and then to perform absolutely satisfactory service will not justify the utter destruction of the vehicle. It was not constructed to bear one burden, but many and various burdens. When the financial burden Is finally dis- posed of the people will still employ the democratic party to support their pur- poses and to carry them into effect. Why He Votes for Bryan, “When they do thus employ that party, I for one do not want it to be shattered and dismembered, but to be strong, united and efficient. Therefore, I shall cast my vote for Willam Jennirgs Bryan and Arthur Sewall, the candidates in due and regular form chosen by a majority of that convention. I regret that I cannot be in full accord on the question of finance with the sentiment of the late convention, but if my position seems inharmonious with the usual attitude of a candidate toward his party, it should be remembered that the couditiens are also unusual. “In nominating me I must assume that the conv-ntion was not unaware of my financial views, as expressed in my public utterances, and that it was induced to ac- cerd me that cistinguished honor in view of the fact that under the constitution a governor of this state has no official connection whatever with matters pertain- ing to the national currency. “It was apparent -at Chicago and Buf- alo, and is expressed at every gathering of citizens where public questions are dis- cussed, that the people are dissatisfied with the present condition of public af- fairs, and I am in sympathy with every movement, not revolutionary in character, which xeeks to take burdens off tne should- ers of the masses, and to restore prosperity and peace to all the people.” cee Indiana Sound Money Men. The gold standard democratic state cen- tral committee held a meeting at Indianap- olis recently to receive reports from the several district committeemen. All dis- tricts ¢xcept two were represented, and the reports showed an encouraging senti- ment throughout the state. The committee tock up the question of nominating a state ticket, and discussed it at length, and sen- timent existed In favor of calling a state cenvention. It was finally ordered to post- pone action until a future meeting. A reso- lution was passed recommending that con- gressional and legislative nominations be made in all of the districts. ———_-+e-— No More Duty on Bicyete: During the past summer complaints were made to United States Consul Warner at Colcgne by Americans touring through Europe on their bicycles that on entering Geymany they have been required to pay duty on their machines. The consul in- forms the State Department that after a personal interview and correspondence with the chief of the customs for the Rhenish province, the latter has agreed that if it is satisfactorily proved to the customs official that the machines are articles of travel no duty will be exacted. ae ee Chamberlain on Washington. The American Institute of Civics held a meg¢ting in New York Saturday evening for the celebration of the one hundredth an- niversary of Washington's farewell address. ‘The following letter from Joseph Cham- berlain, the British colonial secretary, who is now in this country, was read: ‘The Farm, Danvers Center, Mass., Sep- tember 14, 1896.—Dear Sir: I have received with the greatest pleasure your cordial in- vitation to be present at the centenary ob- servance of the issue of Washington's memorable address to the American people. I very much regret that my engagements make it impossible for me to be present in person on so interesting an occasion. : The. acmiration felt for General Washington in the mother country can hardly be exceeded in his native land, and, although we are unable to claim him as an Englishman, we are proud to believe that he represents all that is best and noblest in the Anglo-Saxon race, to which you and we alike belong. , a Divorce Granted. Judge Cox has granted Mary Elien Burke | 4 a divorce from Henry Burke.’ The parties were married December 12, 1887, and. Mrs. Burke charged her husband with desertion. —_—_——-——__.. = Fire This Morning. THE POST OFFICE BURGLAR Ho Has Bom Keeping Very Quict of Late, Hold-Ups, Stamp ‘Thieves and Scurrilous Writers Green Goods Men, Growing Geautifally Less. R. A. Maxwell, fourth assistant postmas- ter general, has made his annual report to the Postmaster General for the year ending; June 30, 1896. The principal divisions of the department under his care are appoint- ments and inspectors. The report shows that the total number of post offices in op- eration in the United States was 70,560. Of these, 66,725 are fourth-class offices and 3,635 presidential, being an increase over the last fiscal year of 206. During the year 046 post offices were established and 1,750 discontinued. The total number of appoint- ments for this year was 12,000, and the total number of cases acted upon 15,532. Under instructions from the Postmaster General, 141 fourth-class and 32 presiden- tial offices have been consolidated with larger ones during the past four years for the purpose of giving the patrons of tho smaller offices better mail facilities. Of these 175 offices 60 were in Illinois, 28 in Maryland, 25 in New York and 12 in Massa- chusetts. Work of Inspectors. Mr. Maxwell commends the work of the post office inspectors. The report shows that the total number of complaints of all classes received during the past year ag- gregated 108,037, and the number of cases disposed of amounted to 100,205, The num- ber of cases treated during last year shows an increase of 3,254 cases over the year previous. The number of complaints re- ceived during the year relating to regis- tered mail was 5,817. Only 24 complaints were received of carelessness in the hand- ling of this matter by postal employes. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the employes in the postal service handled during the last fiscal year 13,851,000 pieces of registered mail, with the loss of only one piece in every 16,264, Attention 13 called to the fact that the general public could prevent losses in or- dinary mail matter by being more careful In addressing and stamping mall. Com- plaints to the number of 64,613 affecting the ordinary mall were received during the year; 343 referring to letters and 20,000 to packages. This shows an increase of 1,- over last year. Of the total of com plaints received, 41,436 have been investi- gated, and of this number it is shown that no loss occurred in 4,15 cases, a proportion of one in five of the total number of com- plaints investigated. Less Burglaries. Mr. Maxwell points out that there has been a decrease in the numberof post of- fice and mail burglaries and robberies, owing to the killing and arrest of many desperadoes engaged in the business. Dur- ing the year there were 2,074 arresis, of which number 158 were postmasters, 55 were assistant postmasters, 43 were clerks in post offices, 14 were railway post office clerks, 34 were letter carriers, yere mail carriers, and nine others were employed in minor positions in the postal service. Four hundred aud seventy post office burglars were arrested, while the remainder of 1,225 were persons hot connected with the postal service, who were arrested for various of- fenses against the postal laws. Of this number, 1,108 cases were disposed of in the United States courts and 35 in the state courts. Six thousand one hundred and thirty of the cases handled by the inspect- ors referred to violations of the postal laws and regulations, the largest number of them relating to the mailing of scurrilous and obscene matter. During the year there were 18,563 com- plaints treated affecting foreign mail mat- ter. Of these, 8,750 related to registered matter and 5,754 to ordinary matte: Quite a portion of Mr. Maxweli’s report 1a devoted to notorious cases where arrests have been made. He makes several recom- mendations for more stringent laws for the protection of the malls, ____ EDUCATIONAL, IN WASHINGTON. The | Berkeley Scheol, i 820 ISTH ‘ST. N.W., win Pupils ‘prepared for West Polut, Annapolis, for all universities’ and scientific schools, for direct commissious in the army and navy, and for the past year sixteen st vil service, Duri lents have been succes fully titted for various examinations. None bave failed. Arrange be made for private lessons sezl-tt CHAS. W, sezi-t 1ER, B.S., Head M HOWARD UNIVERSIT Founded 1s The above well-known law school will open Thursday, October 1, at 6 o'clock p.m., in its nedious building, No. 420 Sth st. n.w ALL, WITHOUT OR. 4 QUALIFIC ION FREE. For circulars containii full informatia to or addres *. BUNDY, Secre office in Law S 21-9 BOOKKEEDIN well-knoy the Ai reopen te on, apply PRIV n public oi Iemy of the an College. 708 D st. nw. INS tant ‘olumbi: Address F partments, National University, 1 28 7 NW. The faculty having purchased and remodeled the building No. 1328 I st. n.w., will begin, therein, the thirteenth annual course of lectures, Monday, October Sth, 1896, at 8 o'clock p.m. The introduc: tory address will be delivered by Prof. orge O. Ober, M.D. The fall aumingtions will be held in the new building Monday, September 28, 1896, at 7 o'clock p.m. For Information and announcement apply to H. H. BARKER, M.D., Dean, se21-2w 1116 H at. nw. National University. Incorporated by Special Act of Congress, Law Department, FACULTY OF LAW. resident, RICHARD H. ALVEy, H Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of the of Columbia, Lecturer on Constitutional, pattiet LL. D. JAMES SCHOULER, parm eoston, Lecturer on ments, ti and Administeati peaae iat HON. H. 0. CLAUGHTON, LL. D., (Of the Washi und Professor of ruden Commercial and Urinain prudence 4 ‘ommercial and Cris Taw, und the Law of Torts, minal HON. JOHN GOODE, (Of Virginia), Lecturer on the Law of Crimes. HON. CHARLES C. COLE, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Dis. tlet of Columbia, Lecturer on Statutory Laws EUGEND CARUSI, LL. ay Instructer of Juntor Class, nd Professor of the Law cf Real Property, Contracts, Negotiable In- struments and Corporation: JACKSON H. RALSTON, LL. M., (OL the Washington Bar), Lecturer on Practice and Ji ¢ of the Moot Court. WALTER F. Rot TOBE AE (ate of the U. 8. Patent Office), Lecturer on Patent Law and Practice, HON. H. 0. CLAUGHTON, EUGENE CARUST AND JACKSON Hi.’ RALSTO! Judges of the Court of Appeals. ‘Phe cession will begin on ‘Thursday, October 1, 1496, in the college, 520 13th street northwest, at 7 p.m., when the usual announcements will be made the members of the faculty. Class recitations At 6:30 p.m., as Heretofore. ‘The mode of instruc- tion in this school, which insures the active particl- pation of each member in the exercises during each session of his class, requires that the membership of each class be limited. An early enrollment is therefore desirable. The secretary can be seen at Als office, 620-13th street northwest, every day ‘except Sunday. between the hours of 8:30 a.m, and 4:30 p.m., until October 1. After that date at the college building, also between 6 and 8 p.m. daily. Catalogue containing full Information as to course of studies and terms can be bad upon application at the book stores of Messrs. Lowdermilk & Co., 1424 F street northwest; Wm. H. Morrison, 1934 street northwest; John Byrne & Co., 1322 ¥ street horthwest, or vpou application in person or by let- ter to DGEND D. ‘CARUSI, Secretary. “sel0-2W “The German-American Kindergarten and Graded School, rs 1016 15TH ST. N.W. SARA_KATHARINE LIPPINCOTT, Principal. age aoe atte oe ay etter ryland ave. n.¢., or ace bctober 1 above. sel9-6t* »-. . EDUCATIONAL. IN: WASAINGTON. EDUCATIONAL. - EDUCATIONAL. EDUCATIONAL IN WASHINGTON. Georgetown University @ounlied 1780.) BSG ro Seas, ‘SCHOOL: OF LAW. a FACULTY. Rev. J. HAVENS: RICHARDS, 8.J., President df the University. Hon. HENRY. B,, BROWN, LL.D., _ Gustice Supreme Court of the United States), Lecturer on Admiralty Jurispradcice: Hon. WILLIAM A, IICHARDSON, LL.D., (Chief Justice United States Court of Clatttie), Emeritus Professor-of Statutory and Administrative Law avd Legul Maxims. Hon, MARTIN F. MORIUS, LL. D., (Associate Justice Court ‘of Appeals of the District of Columbiu, Lecturer on Constitutional and’ International Law and Compurative Jurisprudence. Hon, SETH SHEPARD, LL. D., (Associate Justice Court of Appeals of the District of Columbin), Lectures on the Law of Corporations and Equity : Jurlspradene Hon. JEREMIAH M. WILSON, LL. D., Detin of the Faculty and Lecturer dn the Law of teal Estate. Hon. LOUIS KE. McCOMAS, (Associate Justice Supreiye Court of the District of jumbia), Lecturer on the Law of Contracts and the Law of Eyidenc JOSEPH J. DARLINGTON, LL. D., (Speclal lectures—subject and date to be hereafter announced), GEORGE BE, HAMILTON, LL. D., Lecturer on Practice, ‘Testamentary Law and Equity Pleading und Practice. R. ROSS PERRY, aM. LL. D., Lecturer on Common Law’ Pleading, Criminal Law amd Domestic Relations. Rey. RENE HOLAIND, S.J., Lecturer on Natural Law. TALLMADGE MBERT, LL. D., Lecturer on Clyit Law. Esq., CHARLES A. DOUGLASS, Lecturer on the Law of Torts and Negotiable Paper. MICHAEL J. COLBERT, A. Lecturer on the Law of Personal D. W. BAKER, AM. Judge of the Circuit Court and Lecturer on Ele- mentary Practice. OF APPEALS: Messrs. Tallmadge A. » Barnard rd Henry Wise Garnett. Messrs. J. Altheus Johnson and RT W. Hodges, 1 MUEL YEATMAN, ‘A.M. etary and ‘Treasurer. G. M. HUNT, LL. M., etary. on of the School » Ortober 7, 1896, Nos. rroperty. ccurr at 6:30 p.m., 506 and 508K street northwest, when the’ intro- ductory lecture will be delivered and announee- ments made for the ensuing term.” Present and students, alumul’ and all otters inter- cordially invited to be present. ‘The see- can be seen at his office In the law build- ily fr to 7 p.m., for inforn nt, ‘Those proposing to, With the school for the ensuin: are re- requested to enroll thelr names befor pening and thus avoid the delay incident to that ars giving ec ined 326 Atreet Lorthwest, and John Byi 22 F street northwest, and at W. Drug s 78 15th stre cation persor ne & Co, hompson's t northwest, or on appll- ‘ly or by letter. to the’ undersigned. 8. M. YEATMA. pupils rezistering in Sept.; organ, with practic SCHOOL OF MUSIC, NORWOOD INSTI uve. Fifteenth ses 1. A school for girls. Prin. piaposition, superior Inst 20 Te R CONN. October ‘Thursday W. D. Mrs. Wimodaughsis Classes, 1425 New York Ave., Begin Oct., “1s96.,, Journalism, Dr. Frank T. Howe; civil servicearithmetie, Miss Lydia Mar- shal; ‘stenography, ‘Mfrs. Vlorence V. Baldwin. WHL reopen fi pleinber 21. Thoron; Iw: fon circulars, S LY VOICE CULT denis prepared. for ‘peca, olr singing. ‘4 —Joun P. Somsa. N. erick E, Bristol, N. Y,; Lucien Odend’h: Special terms nade for learning to by Mme. Daly's nota chain system. ¥. ave. Residence,’ 1128 F st. MT. VERNON SEMINARY, CORNER M AND KLEVENTH STREETS N.W. BOARDING AND AY ‘SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. te and Post Graduate courses Preparatory, Colle of study. Special students admitted. ‘Thorough in struction fm all departinents In accordance” with best modern methods. ' fous, connecting biafld! ally designed for school purposes, assenger clevator, st n heat and perfect sanitary conditions, together with play ground and tennis court, furnish every requisite for a refined home and a complete school equipment. Twenty-second year opens Wednesday, September eth, for classification of Boarding Pupils, and October first, for classification of Day ngs, recently ELIZABETH J. SOMERS, Principal. A GATES HENSLEY, Associate Prin. IAN'S DAUGHTER, HAD many years’ experience in teaching, would Ike @ position to teach in w school or family. Address x 128, Star office. se16-3w* GREEK, MATHEMATICS AND ENG: Candidates’ prepared for college, West vill service examinations F. A. SPRINGER, 536 Sprace st. S cular containing | refer nees 16-1m*__ Miss Sherman's School for Girls, 1215 19th st., cor. Jefferson place, reopens Ustober 7, 1806, __selG-1m_ M HALSTEAD, FORM@EI PRINCIPAL 01 Miss Halsteazd’s Private School, will have charge of the preparator artment of Miss Sherman's Sheol, Apply at Sez4 Q and 1215 19th sts, h _se2i-m Vocal Cuiture. LOW TERMS. Apply pi hours. TRIAL GRATIS. .W. LAWRE DIO 4, 934 F ST. for convenient DR. JOHN P. CAULFIELD Will resume teaching at . D. BUCHER, 141: Voice culture, Plano, se16-Im* Harmony. Education for Real Life 1864 FOR SONS AND DAUGHTERS. 1806. ne Spencerian Business Colleze, National Bank of the Republic building, cor. 7th and D nw. Day and night sessions. The thirty-second scholastle year of this popular institution began Tuesday, September 1, 1896. Five departments, viz.: Practical Business, including complete Lookkeeping course, English, rapld caleu- Jations, rapid writing, moral and social culture, Delsarte system of expression, civics and commer: I law, Shorthand and Typewriting, Including En- 8 pencerian Rapid Writing, Mechanteal and Architectural Drawing. Full cotps of thoroughly trained teachers. Location central. Office open every business day and night. Write or call for new and beautiful annual an- nouncement. MRS. SARA A. SPENCER, al and Proprietor. wISS JULIA R. GOODALE, WELLESLEY COL- lege School of Music, will receive pupils for in- struction on the plano after Oct. 1, at her studio, 932 P st. nw. sel5-Im* WASHINGTON Kindergarten Normal Institute FOR THE OF TEACHERS (TWENTIETH YEAR), WITH MODEL KINDERGARTENS, ““¢ REOPENS GCTOLER 1. For particulars cal), cither on, Mrs. LOU! aE Space NATIONAL K'¢ 17 10th st. or Miss SUSAN B. POLLOCK,| Principals. FROEBEL INSTITGTB, 11426 Q st., ) CHILDREN'S3DEPARTMENT OPENS SEPTEMBER 16. Mrs. Pollock's Soug Bobks and the NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN MANUAL, consisting of Practical Modei Lessons, Rules ang Lectures for Kin tens and the Nursery,;Storjes, &. Absolute ensable to Mothers Kindergarten Te: For sale at Ballantyne's, 428 7th st. se9-1m se > The Art Students’ League, 808 17TH ST. N.W., Washingtdh, D.C ~ Will reopen its drvty and evening classes October 5, 1896, under c it instructors. Drawing and painting from wast and life. Class in dec- orative and industyial design. Sketch, compost- -tion,. water color jal Saturday class. Cir- culars mafled on Application. Se10toocSine Gunston Institute, 1242 ond 1214 14th et. n.w., near Thomas Circle. A school, for girls and young ladles. Opens Sep- tember 28. < se9-tf “Mr. and Mis, BEVERLY R. MASON. LANGUAGES. ~ THE ‘BERLITZ SOCHOCL OF LANGUAGES, ‘728 Fourteenth st. n.w. “Braoches 1n Teading ‘American and Burepean cities. Classes and private lessons. Trial lesson free. se7-tf Apply for circular to Prof. N. A. JOLY. OSWALD WELTI, VIOLINIST, W,prenared to receive pupils for the’ season of q and will be pleased to interview pro- spective patrons on ‘Tuesdays at a DROOP & SON'S MUSIC HOUSE, se8-2w* 925 Pa. ave. > Preebel Institute. At an early hour this morning fire de-| Prin. ona Susan P, Pollock. stroyed the grocery establii tof Jasi} GRADED KINDERGARTEN, PRIMARY AND IN- M. Moore, 304 M street sdithwest. The | TERMEDIATE DEPARTMENTS. stock and building were completely de- stroyed. NORMAL TRAINING CLASS FOR KINDERGART- 8e19-6t* NERS, OCT. 1. ‘THORALD JERICHAU, Ph. B., Hoyal -Univereaty of Festere, will recelve pupils on Piano, Organ, Com- ition. Studio, ‘3 Music Store. Apply roop’s or Kilis’ Music Houses. seS&12-13t® 1433 N ST. N.W, THE Misshs REnnS SCHOOL For Young Ladies and Little Children e830 Beopens September 80.» THE COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY, . WASHINGTON, D. C., REV. B. L. WHITMAN, D. D., President. ‘Tho session opens in all schools September 80. ‘The Academy at 9 a.m. The College at 9 a.m. The Scientific School at 8 p.m. The Graduate School at 4:30 p.m. The Law School at 6 p.m. ‘The Medical School at 8 p.m. The Dental School at 8 p.m. The Veterinary School at 8 p.m. THE COLUMBIAN ACADEMY 1385 H st. n.w., Washington, D. C. A boys’ school of the ‘highest grade. Seventy-five Years’ experience. Offers Classical, Scientific and General Courses. Preparation for’ any cullege or scientific schcol. Special scholarships for those en- tering Naval Academy. Liberal practical training fo those preparing for’ business. Preparatory year for boys in higher grammar grades, Entrance ex- aminations September 28. FACULTY. WILLIAM ALLEN WILBUR, A. M., Dean and Instructor in Latin. HENRY HOGEIUS PYNE, A. Af, reel GEORGE NEELY HENNING, A. M., English, French. German. OSCAR W. ANTHONY, B. 8., Mathematics. F. P. HOBGOOD, Jr. A. B., Natural Sciences PAUL A. 3 3 Bookkeeping, Business, Law and Penmanship. Apply for catalogue and further int WILLIAM ALLEN WIL! THE GOLUMBIAN COLLEGE Offers complete courses in,Literature and Sclence, leading to the degrees of A.B. and B.S. A new department of Civil Engineering as been added, and in this school two special scholarships are fered. Entrance examinations will be held at the Univeratty September, d 29. a ANDREW P. MON S, PH. D., LL. Da, Dean and Professor of Latin. REV. ADONIRAM J. HU TON, D. D., Professor of REV. SAMUEL M. Emeritus Professor of Eu JAMES HOWARD Gt Professor of Mathematics and Secretary’ of the Facuity HOWARD L. HOUDGKIN! Professor of Phy LEE DAVIS LoD Professor of Political ” Philosophy. REV. JAMES MacBiiDE RRETT, D. D., Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. CHARLES E. MUNROE, PH. D., Professor of ¢ MARATHON MONTROSE EY, A. M., Professor of ten nzuaes. REV. EDWARD B. POLLARD, PH. D., Professor of English and Anglo-Saxon, CHAKLES ©. SWI t, PH. D. ‘Acting Professor of Histor ELIX. FREYHOLD, Acting Professer of Civil’ Bagi LECTURE The . : The Dean will be at his office daily from 10 to 1. For catalogues address ROBERT 1. MA! CORCORAN SCIENTIFIC ‘This school ene ae TIN, Secretary. n the follow- which leads to th ueral Selence, ugineering, Mechaal analytical; Chemistry, Mathematics, Meteorology, aphy, y and Mineralogy, Architecture, Finatwe ‘and Economies, Language and Literature. FACULTY. CHARLES EB. MUNROE, PH. D., Dean, essor of Chemistry. MONTAG Pu. D., Professor of Lattin. JAMES H. GORE, PH. D., Professor of Geod HOWARD L. HODGKINS, PH. D., Secretary, Professor matte E, PH.D. ‘hilosuphy aad Frene WINLOCK, A. B., sor of Astronomy. N. GILL, PH. D., LL. D., fessor of Zoology. ND ABBE, PP Professor of Mete HERMANN | SCHUENFE aor of German. HARRY KING, LL. Professor of Drawi 0). P. MERRILI LL. Do. PH. D., B. ADOLEHL Professor of Geography. JOSIAH PIERCE, Jr, M.A., Professor of Drawing and 4 ANDREW F. CRAVE Professor of LOUIS AMATEIS, Professor of Arts as Applied to Architecture. EDWARD FARQUHAR, PH. D., Professor of History. FRANK A. WOLFF, Pi. D., RD B. POLLARD, PH. lish. sor REY HOLD, Professor of Civil F F. MARVIN, M. E., sor of Meteorology. FARWELL, C. Professor of VE HENRY S Assoclate Professer of instrny Associate tozether with ants and lecturers. partinents in nt topies for study tudents are permite r topics that they are qualified to pur- The instruction is given between 4:30 and 10 jock pan, tudents intending to take courses In th Laboratory will be permitted the choi in the order of the stration, sue. s Chemical of disks The opening ¢ Will be held at 8 p.m., in University Hall, when be delivered by Prof. Hermann Schoenfeld, Ph. D. ‘The Dean will be in his office at University from 4 to 5:30 p.m. daily, to meet students. For catalogues address ROLERT H. MARTIN, Secretary. SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES. Men and women holding suitable degrees from ip- stitutions of repute can pursue in this school courses of study leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Science, Civil Engincer, Electrical En: gineer, Mechanical Engineer and Doctor of Phil- csopby; two years’ study being required to accom- plish the work for the degree of Doctor of Phil- osophy, and one year's study being required for each of the other degrees. Application blanks may be obtained from the Dean of the School, and when filed they must be submitted, through the Dean, to the Board of Di- rectors of University Studies for inspection and action. exercises will bi The ‘opening held September 30, at 4:30 in University Hall, when an address will be delivered by the Rev. E. B. Pollard, Pb. D. For catalogues address ROBERT H. MARTIN, Secretary. Bliss School of Electricity Inco:porated. Bliss building, 35 B st._n.w. Begins its FOURTH YEAR Octcber 1, 1896. tical electrical engincering and thechanteal hting exclusively taught. Labcratories fully equipped. Has its own electric light plant, and is the ONLY institution of its kind in’ the ‘coun- Books now open. Catalogues on application, 0, LD. BL TANNER?’ S SHORTHAND AND RUSINESS COLLEGE, LOAN AND TRUST BLDG., COR. F & vill STS. offers unperalleled opportunities. The principal an EXPERIENCED, PRACTICAL ACCOUNTANT. an_ experienced business man—a_ practical court and legislative _stenographer—chier stenographer Pan-American Congre: Thorough, practical methods”in Shorthand, ypewriting, Bookkeeping, English, Rapid alculations, Rapid ‘Writing, Com: mercial Law. Special attention to Spelling, Punc- tuation, and all Modern Business Methods. Finest location in che city. Call and see us, or send for annual anrouncement containing unparalleled record of gradaates in positions. Day and night sessions. au22-1n* IN WASHINGTON. THE COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY THE LAW SCHOSL. The Hon. WALTER 8. COX, LL. D., Dean (Associate Justice of the Suprei trict of Columbia Professor of the Law of Real Estate, of Contracts and of Comn ‘The Hon, JOHN M. (Associate Justice of the United States), jal Paper. RLAN, LL. D. Professor of the Constitutional Jurisprudence of the United States, of the Law of Domestic Relations, of Personal Property and of Torts. The Hon, WILLIAM A. MAURY, LL. D. (Sometime Assistant Attorney General of the United States), Professor of Equity” Jurisprudence, Law und Equity Pleading, and of the Law of Evidence and the Jurisdiction and Practice of the United States Courts. The Hon, DAVID J. Bit (Associate Justice of the Su United Professor of the Law of Corporations. Prof. G. H. MOTT, LL. M. (of the Johns Hopkins University), Lecturer on the Civil Law, ry of Law. WILLIAM F. MATTINGLY, Esq. (of the Washington Bar), Lecturer on Practical Commercial Law. ‘The Hon, ANDREW C. BRADLEY (Associate Justice of the supri trict of Colum nd Practice. The Hon. BENJAMIN BUTTERWORTH (Sometime United States Comuissi Professor of tae Law LIAM LEE Professor on Int MELVILLE DAVIS LODG Professir of 1 COURT 0: APPEALS. WHAAAM F. MATTINGLY, Chief Just HENRY E. DAVIS, CHARLES W, NEEDHAM, Associate Justices. BELT H. MARTIN, Secretary. A SPECIAL COURSE IN PATENT LAW AND PAT- ENT LAW PRACTICE, Conducted by Professors. Ie Melville Chi of the Mon. Itenjanin Butterwort! of national prominence and form Patents, have secured fh on the patent s % of pat parts and of Mely ‘The servie law as udtuitnistered nS Oftice; t In dezree of Bachel 1 upon those who are the Only Law or be eligtile to this degree. Tuition for the course, As the siz» of ited in order Court practice— may for admtssi of the term, mbers of the bar wi - When 3 will “be ensuing term. Mr. J 208 Cox, will be Valversity daily on and Court of the Dis- preme Court of the of Common Court of the Dis- Ixcturer on Criminal Law and on Criminal Pleading + of Patents) of Patent Laws will be con- le to pass a satisfac IN WASHINGTON. | French Language. Prof. C. G. Rivet. Private lessons and sumed Oct. 1, Addre me 1 SK st. aw MISS EVA MILLS, VOCAL LESSONS; PURE private lemons also in classes. Ttalian method; ‘tudie, G04 12th st. ‘iving hours, 1 EDUARD Music Instractor o etown College, Graduate of Conservatory of Music, Prague. Teacher of Violin, Harmony end Composition. Studio 1s27 F (anders & Stayman), Room T% HOME K NDERGARTEN A’ 404 EAST CAPITOL ST. Reopens September 28. Miss HOULEMAN cipal. s The Delamorton French Perfection Dress Cutting Academy. The «ply scientific tailor system; now Introd: 100k, Prin- in all public schools, TROF, and MME. _TACH, Mana, y27 Est. nw. LADIES’ SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL CULTUKE AT rroll Institute gymnaxium will reopen Tiuns- Oct. 1. For intormation, address PROF, JOYCE, Carroll Institute, 10th st. near K. ITS SCHOOL, 1 Boarding and day shoot for Principals, Miss FRANCES MARTIN _and Miss SARAH F. RUSS. sel-6m RNOLD W. MEYER, LEIPZIG GRAD- iano, theory, voice culture, Bo’ straing Gr tremuld n. Lessons at pupil nw Psychological pamphiet on ap- residence. 1487 seT6tooct21* & Soloist. ‘C. RAKEMANN, Violin Instructor sel5-1m_ STUDIO, 1221 Young ladies 1 girls, 1759 Madixon Circle. | Reopens Sept. 38. Miss E. V. 1 ® o1-3w 1 Th mas Circle, Christian Brother NATIONAL COLLEGE PHARIIACY. ‘The twent wont ave. - 1 prance Le guipped or tthe in juantitative Two iar au istry or otter % <., S08 Wyaesd b. sel4im I for circular at « ¥ to 5 p.m. of MRS. ERNEST LENT— Piano, Street northwest. "| Giney School Bourding and day school fv 1827 Tost. Miss Vircinia _Taura Lée Dy TBE WOMAN'S LAW CL + ‘ the -equivate w univer md year ¢ $90 Las ave. nee, Art Schooi, .1/%.,West End. Catalogues giving the course of study, terms, ag a ean aoe eae can be obtained at sof W. H. M oll. water yt ef and, rison's Son, 1326 F Lowdern 1424] wash draw! ad John & Co, 1322 F street, or | of rin ipal ly or by letter to ROBERT H. MARTIN, Secretary. Medical Schcol. 12235 HST. X. W., WASHING IX, D.C. renty-fifth session begins S lecture at 5:30 p.m. ptember 30, All be delivered 30, at 3 p.m. Every fa- _ from natare FRIENDS’ SELF or ROTH fis fourteenth new gvumasioui cility is afforded for oratory and clinical work. Dk. D. K. SHUTE, Dean, 1120 N.Y. ave.; 9-11 a.m., 5 p.m. DR. E. A. DE SCHWEINIT Sec.-Treas., 1325 H . 54 p.m. Fall examinations, Sep- tember 26, 7 p.m. sel-lm oa ss aE a Inst. of Tech Dental School. Lafayette nd 1 1325 H ST. N.W The tenth session ‘ins September 30. The lantern introductory lecture be a ered by Dr, Oflice he . from 9 a.m. to 12m, Henry C. ‘Thompse Ss mber 30, at 8 p.m. Mr. and Mrs . W. SIDWELL DR. Hat . LEWIS, Dean, well-tt Princinebe, ee 1 ETS TOIT = A eo eee Miss Katie V. Wilson, }cks Pup! of and expecially recommended by Mr, Wiliiaw Shakespeare of Lond: soups resiined: udio and residence, 1ag9 Leth now io Prof. Paul E. Voinot, 1426 _Apply for Circular. EMERSON W YORK AVE. (Young aig 14th st, s Its forty-fifth scholastic pares for Harvard, Yale, 1: kins, Cornell, Lehigh, Boston Te and New Special « Nope provaer forty wheres est, {ts certificate of ¢1 thcroughness. Academy), F quare, Johns He sel2-tf PHARMACEUTIc DE OF HOWARD UNIV! RIM Will begin Thursday, October 1, 1 B. Hodgkins will deliver the address p.m. This co! 5 K ‘National Association .”" The profession and the pu! ially invited to be present. peel DAVID ©. ELOCUTIC . CLINICS OF Department be pitad ay fol Daily General Medica D: HOWARD U will held at Freedine Clinic by Prof. Brackett. Is Dispensary Clinic by Prof. Watts. 6014-3m,8 INSTITUTE _ ar September 2? y MEDICAL 's Hos- B. FRANK GEBEST Moyal High School of Muste, Berlina Teacher of PIANO, ORGAN and THEORY, Im® Studio 1827 F st. n.w.; Room 6 Gaillard School 3". Of Languages "%. ACA Y OF THE VISITATION, CONN. AVE, for touring rod day w bolars, wil Feapes Tor MiB regular se augi-1m pe ly for 023 ART SCHOOL, MRS. ALE. 1O¥LE Capitol st. i Anstructis painting and decorative art. Students prep hool if desire: ses-Dm nge tue Dy our “practic: aus THE DRILL OF COMM 7 Seveath street north C.K. URNER, A.M., C.E., Princtpat. Twenty-fifth year as a business educator. Tenth and fifteen years e mamber of tien Colle Six courses: siness, I Service, Acccurtapey, Shorthand’ and Typewriting. Si ths? cul in. shorthand typewriting free. Moderate tuition in all the Large, welldizhted rooms aud ball. Gradustes, ‘The Stuart School. Wiliams et Cle by Profs, Graham or] 4 setect day and boarding school for Girls und 1 Clinic by Prof, Balloch. Young Ladies. Fits sidan SELLS aie Oe eee and prepurater es, Kindergarten, vm Sees AND 1220 15TH ST. N a . Reyburn, Belt Bye and Ear Clinic by Pry tetrical Clinic by Prof, Lamb. rmary Clinic by Prof. Davis, ular apply to F. J. SHADD, M. D., Secretary, 901 K st. a, Wood’s Commercial College, 311 East Cap. st. (one square east of Library). PED Wide CULTY Tw For cit 12t0 ocl Ive experienced speclaiis s ake, intelligent young people. a MISS « UDIA STUART, “Principal, Mrs. Helen Lamont Ars. Nellie MeCartes) ‘da studi for voral Iture and pir HOST. NAW. 60s "UTNAM'S SCHOOL, 1623 10th st. nw. + 1896. Pupils prepared for clinical schools for Susie ness Private Instruction if desired. WILLLIAM H. PUTNAM, A.M, Principal. au29-tf HOW WE TEACH Be indie iduct instruction. THE MeDONALD-ELLIS SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, ORS Welcome. Sek Hue heads ; s 1624 Mass. ave., 1305 17th et.. 1623 N st. eG! pheteed eaiece Thorough primary and college preparatory dew GEA ASTUM olen aia well oguipped. iments. Advanced classes In English, Moderm HEALTH Tie wt location in Wasiington, Se ene S—A gold medal for ever Lad ee . ‘ Moderate, and Tiss MeDONALD. MS., Prinetpal. pryal LOGUE, with 25 illustrations, seut free. ESSIE, ALT. PARSONS, Precéptress, Fourteenth year opens Oct 1. 1836. seR-Im TUITION IN BUSI typewriting cours SS, SHORTHAND when taken togeth: AND OUT OF WASHINGT rate as for one; day and night class Sept. HALL, FOR BOYS, s 23, 1, EATON, BURNETT & DURI and 12th | Md., in the highlands, 12 miles from Boltimores sis. nw. au26-1m° ss indivicnal tnstruc = y buildings; modern MRS. HAILMANN'S TRAINING SCHOOL FOR AM. Fr im? Kindezezrtners and Primary ‘Teachers will re- — sume ‘is sessicns September 36, in the Sunday MAR COLe school rooms of Luther Memorial Chrreh: en servatory for Young trance on Vermont ave, Mrs. Hailmann will re- beautiful nis; ceive applicants on Wednesdays and Saturdays, gant Dalldings on a hill; experienced facultyy rom 10 to 12 a.m. At other times at ber home, | home comforts: rare advantages; reasonable rates, Waldheim, Cleveland Park, Washingtou, D. C. gue. ©. L. KEEDY, Presid sed-tfS, Send for ca! WASHINGTON COLLEGE FOR YOUNG LADIES. 8D ANY T STREETS NORTHEAST. For boarding and day pupils. faculty. departments of high grade, and very reas ber 24. au25-Im F. MENEFEE, President. Chevy Chase FLENCH AND ENGLISH BOARDING AND DAY School for Young Ladies, Half an nour from Washington, D.C., by, elec tric cars. Fiench the language’ of the house. Reoprns October 1, 1896. Address Mile. LEA M. BOULIGNY, Jel7-6m.12__ P.O. Station E.. Washington, D.0. }RS_ FLINT’S SCHOOL WILL REOPEN OCT. 14. For circulars and information apply at residence, 1534 1 strect. Mra. Flint will return Sept. 28 Until then address Pittsfield, Mass. set-Im* Chenoweth Institute, 1242 Vermont ave. and Iowa Circle, select board- and day school fur young ladies. Miss MARY ©, DAVENPORT CHENOWETH, Principal. ac2-3m Kindergarten Normal. The Elizabeth Pi Kindergarten Normal School, and Mrs. Mann's Kindergarten and School, 1918 Sunderland place, will begin fall session, a 1896. Children taught French and German. se THE FRENCH LANGUAGE SCHOOL. FALL term, Sept. 15. Classes and private lessons; good ronunciation in 23 phonetic sounds; free’ trial lesson. Mlle. V. PRUD'HOMME, 307 D at. n.w. au27-1m* “ MISS LAISE, 1838 12TH N.W., REOPENS HER Shorthand, iting and " Business School. Pupils for examinations; special classes in MATHEMATICS; individual attention, thor- oughness and practical work eoable students to secure and retain iv Pit ry stem of SHORTHAND; lcw" and Harry meted, GONZAGA COLLEGE. FOR DAY SCHOLARS ONLY. Classical, Scientific and Business Courses. Mill- tary drill and uniform. Terxs, $10 per quarter, ‘Charming loca- tion. Beautiful campus of 10 acres. Experienced ‘Thorough courses, Music and elocution ble. Write for catalogue and visit us. Opens Septem- ng A selected eon Mo: A others. IND, Prin., Front Kos ST. AGNES SCHOOL UNDER THE Ditt of Bisix Doane. Preparation for all Special ‘and Courses of College Special adva:tages in Music sium. Miss ELLEN W. BOYD, Prin. 4y1-7at MAPLEWOOD INSTITUT A successfal School fuse with enerzy, to wake mp 2 prepared for best ev J. SHORTLIDGE and Art A DVI ef the be INC Ya New Jersey, Summit; Rev. CORMELIUS GILLESPIR, 8.J., THE KET PLACE SCHOOL FUR GUE. yu24-1 President, Principal, Mrs. Sarah Woodman Paul, late a Wellesley Colicge. Moderns methods. Colle IVY INSTITUTE BUSINESS COLLEGE, preparation, Home cormforts for boardiag pupil S.W. cor. Sth and K sts. pow. Reopens Oct. 1. HAMILTON W. MABIT Unexcelied in Washington. sel-Im President, au23m* ——$25—A_YEAR—$25. Learn to be a Draughtsman! Evening lessons in all kinds of draughting and mathematics begin Sept. 21. 531 7th st. ne. The Maryland Agricu'tural College, Ps COLLEC K. see ee = MARYLAND'S S/HOOL OF TECIINOLOGS, “MISS BALCH'S CIVIL SERVICE INSTITUTE AND | FOUR COURSES OF INSTRUCTION: Agricultural, Business College, 1311 11 n.w. Mechanical, 1 1,740 pupils prepared for examinations. Stenogra- | | Each department supplied with the inost moderm Be oe ee ene: | sine 4a ail Gorimaants. ‘Grauustes “aesleed we aude hetion also given Uy correspondence. | taco to enter upon treir ifs work. Tonrlins de THE MODERN NORMAL COLLEGE, TYPOGRAPH- ical Temple, 425 G st. n.w., with these courses: Preparatory, Business, Shorihavd and Typewrit- Civil Service. Teachers’, Health, Journalistic, Scientific and Classic, is the most thorough, prac. irculars: information furnished by J. FAISE au22-tf tical and ee nd profitable school in the city. a [AKD, Principal. partment supplied with all modern improvements th Rooms, Closets, Steam Hent and Gas: Booka, Room, Heat, Light,” Washing, Board, Medical ate tendance. $144 for scholastic year. EFA 10-page catalogue, giving full particulars, sent an mpp'icar tion. Daily sanitary inspection by Physician ‘to the College. Particulars sent on ‘Term commences Sept. 36 Barty or admittance. f HOLY CROSS ACADEMY, 1312 MASS. AVE., RE- ‘opens September 1. ‘the ‘course of study ccmplete and pract 1. Special attention u21-1m Alexandria, is is ACADEMY, under the direction of the Sis given to voca: and instrumental music, drawing | of the Holy Gross, will reopen Tuesday, Sept. and painting, the languages and kindergarten. sell-@m Limited number of boarders received. For ai logue address SISTER SUPERIOR. © au25-im